Patent Grant
8613563
A detergent dispensing cap for pre-treating a stained fabric.
Treating stained garments continues to be an aspect of laundering that could be improved. There are a variety of commercially available approaches for treating stains. In one approach the consumer merely washes with a detergent touted as having the ability to treat stains. Such an approach tends to work satisfactorily if the stains are light and not greasy. If the stains are heavy, the stains might not be removed because the chemical ingredients of detergent are diluted in the wash and are not concentrated at the stain. This can leave the consumer dissatisfied when at the end of the wash cycle she sees that the stains are still visible. The prospects for successful stain treatment after washing are limited, particularly if the failure is not detected until after drying the stained garment.
Some liquid detergents can be effective when used to pre-treat stains by locally applying a small quantity of detergent to the stained portion of the garment. Many consumers do not use liquid detergents to pre-treat stains because they are unaware that such a practice can be successfully used to treat stains and the practice can be messy and cumbersome. Thus, many consumers use specialized stain treatment aids.
Stain treatment aids may be applied to the stain in liquid form by spraying or squirting the stain treatment aid directly on the stain or using a wipe impregnated with a stain treatment aid to scrub a stain. Some stain treatment aids include a motorized brush or scrubbing implement to assist with treating the stain in the fabric.
The typical consumer experience with presently available approaches for treating stains in the home is cumbersome. The consumer first has to remember to purchase the detergent, the stain treatment aid, and any accompanying devices, or replacement devices. The consumer then stores all of these items near the washing machine. Then, the consumer must remember to identify and treat stains prior to the stained garment being placed in the washing machine. The consumer must then locate the stain treatment aid and manipulate the packaging or device to apply the stain treatment aid to the stain. The consumer then stores the stain treatment aid, frequently in an unsightly gathering of laundry products nearby the washing machine. Consumers often rinse their hands after this step to avoid the greasy feeling of common stain treatment aids and to avoid transferring the stain treatment aid to other surfaces, washing machine controls, and detergent packaging. The consumer then opens the laundry detergent, measures out the appropriate dose, and delivers the dose of detergent to the washing machine. Finally the consumer stores the laundry detergent. This multistep process is a less than desirable consumer experience, particularly given all the other demands on the consumer's time and mental focus.
With these limitations in mind, there is a continuing unaddressed need for a device and approach for treating stains that intuitively or directly suggests to the consumer to treat stains properly, is intuitive for the consumer to remember to apply, is simple to apply, and performs satisfactorily.
A cap for dispensing a detergent composition. The cap can comprise a base having a base interior and a base exterior opposing the base interior, the base interior having a periphery. The cap can comprise a vessel wall having an interior surface and an exterior surface opposing the interior surface, the vessel wall extending from the periphery to a rim. The interior surface and the base interior can define a pour volume, the base interior forming a closed end of the pour volume. The cap can be releasably attachable by a pressure fitting to a container and detachable there from, the container containing a detergent composition. The cap can further comprise a plurality of first surface irregularities at a location selected from the group consisting of on the rim, the exterior surface, the base exterior, and combinations thereof.
A vessel wall 60 extends from the periphery 50 to a rim 90. The vessel wall 60 extends about the longitudinal axis L of the cap. The vessel wall 60 has an interior surface 70 and an exterior surface 80 opposing the interior surface 70. The vessel wall 60 can be a single layer of material, such as high density polyethylene or polypropylene, a multilayered material, a hollow member, or any other such structure or material having sufficient structural integrity to be used as a cap 10 for a container of laundry detergent composition 300. The interior surface 70 can be provided with one or more indicia 62 that mark the desired level of detergent composition 300 that provides for an appropriate unit dose of detergent composition 300. The indicia 62 can be an etch, a depression, a raised portion, printing, or any other structure that is observable by the consumer. The vessel wall 60 can be a cylindrical segment.
The interior surface 70 and base interior 30 together define a pour volume 100, the base interior 30 forming a closed end of the pour volume 100. The pour volume 100 can be sized and dimensioned to provide for a unit dose of a detergent composition 300. The detergent composition 300 can be a liquid detergent composition 300 such as any of the liquid detergents marketed as TIDE, available from The Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. In one embodiment, the interior surface 70 and base interior 30 together form an open ended, or partially open ended, cup with the base interior 30 forming the closed end of the cup. The longitudinal axis L can extend through the open portion of the open end of the cap 10 defined by or partially by the rim 90.
The interior surface 70 of the vessel wall 60 can be defined by a surface of revolution about the longitudinal axis L. In one embodiment, interior surface 70 of the vessel wall 60 can be defined by a portion of the interior surface of a hollow cylinder. Surfaces of revolutions of functions not parallel to the longitudinal axis L and surfaces of revolution of non-linear functions are contemplated. A cap 10 having an interior surface 70 of vessel wall 60 that is a surface of revolution can provide for ease of manufacture of the cap 10 and engaging the cap 10 with the container 110 after filling the container 110 with detergent composition 300 during manufacture and packaging.
The cap 10 can be sealingly engaged to a container 110 containing a detergent composition 300. By sealingly engaged, it is meant that the cap 10 does not leak an unacceptable quantity of detergent composition 300 from the container under stresses to the cap 10 and container 110 that occur during manufacturing, packaging, shipping, handling, storage, and use of the container 110 and detergent composition 300 stored therein. The cap 10 can be sealingly engaged to the container by a connector 130 disposed on the cap 10 and a corresponding receiver 132 disposed on an opening 112 of the container. The connector 130 and corresponding receiver 132 can be a lug and groove combination, the combination being arranged such the lug can be the connector 130 or the receiver 132 and the groove being whichever of the connector 130 and receiver 132 that the lug is not. The connector 130 and receiver 132 can be interlocking correspondingly disposed threads 134 helically disposed on the cap 10 and container 110. That is, the connector 130 can be threads and the receiver 132 can be corresponding threads. The cap 10 can be sealingly engaged to the container by threads 134 helically disposed on the cap 10 and corresponding disposed threads 134 on the opening 112 of the container 110. The cap 10 can be provided with a connector 130 at any suitable location such that the connector 130 can be operatively engaged with the receiver 132 on the container 110. The connector 130 can be disposed on the exterior surface 80 of the vessel wall 60. The connector 130 can be disposed on the interior surface 70 of the vessel wall 60. The cap 10 can be provided with threads 134 in any suitable location such that the threads 134 can be operatively engaged with the container 110. The threads 134 can be disposed on the exterior surface 80 of the vessel wall 60. The threads 134 can be disposed on the interior surface 70 of the vessel wall 60, which can provide for cleaner use of the cap 10. The cap 10 can be releasably attachable to a container 110 by a pressure fitting and detachable there from.
As shown in
The cap 10 can comprise a plurality of first surface irregularities 150 at a location selected from the group consisting of on the rim 90, on the exterior surface 80 between the connector 130 and the rim 90, and combinations thereof. For instance, as shown in
First surface irregularities 150 can provide a topographically diverse surface that can be rubbed against a stained fabric before or after detergent composition 300 is applied to a stain in a fabric as part of a stain pretreatment process. A topographically diverse surface is a surface that is not smooth. The first surface irregularities 150 when rubbed against a stain on a fabric are thought to help dislodge agglomerations of the stain, deform the fibrous structure of the fabric allowing the detergent composition 300 to more completely penetrate the fibrous structure, and manipulate the fibers of the fabric thereby allowing a greater surface area of the fibers to be wetted with the detergent composition 300. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that dislodging agglomerations of the stain, more completely penetrating the stained fabric with detergent composition 300, and applying detergent composition 300 to a greater surface area of fibers can improve the efficacy of pre-treatment of stains in fabrics.
The plurality of first surface irregularities 150 can have a surface topography that is distinct from the surface topography of portions of the cap 10 adjacent the plurality of first surface irregularities 150. The first surface irregularities 150 can provide for a surface having a plurality of peaks and a plurality of low portions that have an amplitude between adjacent peaks and low portions greater than about 0.1 mm. The first surface irregularities 150 can provide for a surface having a plurality of peaks and a plurality of low portions that have an amplitude between adjacent peaks and low portions greater than about 0.2 mm. The first surface irregularities 150 can provide for a surface having a plurality of peaks and a plurality of low portions that have an amplitude between adjacent peaks and low portions greater than about 0.5 mm. The first surface irregularities 150 can provide for a surface having a plurality of peaks and a plurality of low portions that have an amplitude between adjacent peaks and low portions greater than about 1 mm. The low portions can be valleys. The plurality of first surface irregularities 150 can define a region that has a surface topography that differs from the surface topography of portions of the cap 10 adjacent the region. The first surface irregularities 150 can be a series of elevated portions having intermittently disposed recessed portions. Recessed portions can be continuous. Elevated portions can be continuous.
The rim 90 can have a weir 160 that is generally aligned with the first surface irregularities 150. In such an embodiment, by generally aligned it is meant that the weir 160 and first surface irregularities 150 are at least within about 0.25π radians of one another about the longitudinal axis L. For instance, as shown in
Further, with the first surface irregularities 150 positioned as such, the user is able to see the first surface irregularities 150 when pouring of a unit dose is initiated. This can be practical as a reminder to the consumer to pre-treat stains if she sees the surface irregularities 150 as she pours the unit dose into the wash basin prior to pre-treating stains.
In one embodiment, the first surface irregularities 150 can comprise a first material and another portion of the cap 10 next to the first material can comprise a second material, wherein the first material and the second material differ from one another. In one embodiment, the first surface irregularities 150 can comprise a first material and another portion of the cap 10 next to the first material can comprise a second material, wherein the first material and the second material differ from one another by a property selected from the group consisting of modulus of elasticity, chemical composition, Shore A hardness, color, and combinations thereof. Shore A Hardness is measured following ASTM D2240 on a material of the same composition as the material being evaluated. A cap 10 comprising first surface irregularities 150 comprised of a first material and another portion of the cap 10 next to the first material comprising a second material can be formed by a two shot injection molding process, with the first material and the second material delivered to the mold in separate shots. In one embodiment, the first material can comprise polypropylene, rubber, neoprene, and/or KRATON. In one embodiment, the portion of the cap 10 next to the first material can be high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, styro lacrylintrol. The first surface irregularities can be a elastomeric material.
In one embodiment the first material can have a softer feel to the user than the second material, as might be indicated by a lower Shore A hardness or lower modulus of elasticity. The second material can be selected to provide for acceptable overall structural stability of the cap during packaging, storing, shipping, and display of the detergent composition 300 and during use of the cap 10 by the consumer to pre-treat stains. A more readily deformable first material might provide for scrubbing surface that is gentler on the fabric being treated than a scrubbing surface formed of the second material and may not damage the fabric being treated. The first material can have a Shore A hardness between about 20 and about 80. The first material can have a Shore A hardness of between about 40 and about 60. The first material can have a Shore A hardness that is less than about 80% f the Shore A hardness of a portion of the cap 10 next to the first material.
Providing the first material and the second material in two different colors can help the consumer quickly identify what part of the cap 10 is engineered to be used for scrubbing the stain and might be helpful to vision systems that might be used to position the cap 10 during manufacture and/or assembly of the cap and packaging of the detergent composition 300. Providing the first material and the second material to have different chemical composition can yield a cap 10 for which different parts of the cap 10 are designed to provide for different functions, such as one part of the cap being practical and durable for scrubbing and another part of the cap 10 providing for structural stability.
To provide for a potentially cleaner stain pretreatment process, the cap 10 can be provided with a collector 250 that at least partially surrounds the exterior surface 80 of the vessel wall 60, an example of which is shown in
The plurality of first surface irregularities 150 can be structures selected from the group consisting of rings, ribs 152, nubs, bristles, fibers, and combinations thereof. Ribs are a plurality of elongated elevated portions with intermittently disposed elongated recessed portions that are depressed relative to the elevated portions. Ribs 152 can be, for example, a plurality of adjacent grooves etched or molded in substrate and can be a plurality of adjacent ridges. Ribs can be formed in a substrate, for example, by etching a plurality of adjacent grooves in the substrate, by molding the substrate to leave behind a plurality of adjacent grooves, and by molding the substrate to leave behind a plurality of adjacent ridges. An example of a substrate that can form a portion of cap 10 having first surface irregularities 150 and/or second surface irregularities having a plurality of ribs 152 is schematically illustrated in
Nubs 154 are generally two-dimensionally symmetric features that are elevated or depressed relative to adjacent portions, an example schematic of which is shown in
An example of a portion of cap 10 having a plurality of bristles 156 is schematically illustrated in
Rings 158 are closed shapes in which the central portion 159 of the shape is recessed relative to a peripheral portion 161 of the shape, schematic examples of which are shown n
Fibers can be woven, nonwoven, hooked, or looped fibers, for example, and be provided for instance by a woven or nonwoven fibrous web being attached to the cap 10 in the desired location. An inexpensive and easily manufactured embodiment of cap 10 can be made by using fibers as the first surface irregularities 150.
A cap 10 providing for enhanced restrictive pouring of small volumes of detergent composition 300 is also contemplated. For instance, the cap 10 may be provided with a pouring ledge 210 having an aperture 220 there through extending from the vessel wall 60 or rim 90, an example of which is shown in
The aperture 220 can be generally aligned with the first surface irregularities 150. In such an embodiment, by generally aligned it is meant that the aperture 220 and first surface irregularities are at least within about 0.25π radians of one another about the longitudinal axis L.
As illustrated in
In another alternative arrangement as illustrated in
The pouring ledge 210 can be sized, dimensioned, and arranged to provide for a restriction of flow of detergent composition 300 when a small pour of detergent composition 300 is being made by the consumer. A portion of the pouring ledge 210 can extend back from the vessel wall 60 or rim 90 towards the longitudinal axis L and be in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis L. A portion of the pouring ledge 210 can extend back from the vessel wall 60 or rim 90 in a plane within about plus or minus 0.5π radians of being orthogonal to the longitudinal axis L. A portion of the pouring ledge 210 may further extend downwards in the pour volume 100 towards the base interior 30. Such a design might provide for improved control of the quantity of detergent composition 300 delivered to the stain during pre-treatment.
Embodiments in which the cap comprises a plurality of second surface irregularities 155 on the outside of the cap 10 such that the connecter 130 is between the rim 90 and the second surface irregularities 155 are also contemplated, as shown in
The cap 10 can comprise a plurality of second surface irregularities 155 at a location selected from the group consisting of on said base exterior 40 with said second surface irregularities 155 being asymmetrically disposed about the longitudinal axis L, on the exterior surface 80 with the second surface irregularities 155 being asymmetrically disposed about the longitudinal axis L, on the base exterior 40 with the second surface irregularities 155 comprising bristles 156, on the exterior surface 80 with the second surface irregularities 155 comprising bristles 156, and combinations thereof. In such embodiments, the second surface irregularities 155 can be disposed such that the connector 130 is between the rim 90 and the second surface irregularities 155. Second surface irregularities 155 can be any of the structures described above with respect to first surface irregularities 150. The second surface irregularities 155 can be structures selected from the group consisting of rings 158, ribs 152, nubs 154, bristles 156, fibers, and combinations thereof.
By placing the second surface irregularities 155 as such, the second surface irregularities can be located such that after the consumer dispenses a small volume of detergent composition 300 to pre-treat a stain, the second surface irregularities 155 are located such the that user does not have to reposition the cap 10 in her hand or significantly move her hand to be able to position the second surface irregularities 155 in an appropriate position to be rubbed against the stain.
The second surface irregularities 155 can comprise a first material and another portion of the cap 10 next to the first material can comprise a second material, wherein the first material and the second material differ from one another by a property selected from the group consisting of modulus of elasticity, chemical composition, color, Shore A hardness, and combinations thereof. Such an arrangement can be provided in the same manner and for the same reasons as described above for a cap 10 in which the first surface irregularities 155 are formed from a different material than another portion of the cap 10.
Embodiments in which the second surface irregularities 155 are asymmetrically disposed about the longitudinal axis L can help the consumer identify what portion of the cap 10 is provided for scrubbing the stain during pre-treatment. By asymmetrically disposed, it is meant that such asymmetrically disposed second surface irregularities 155 are disposed such that the second surface irregularities 155 on the exterior surface 80 or base exterior 40 are not balanced about a single location, such as a point on the longitudinal axis L or other point. The cap can 10 can comprise a plurality of gripping irregularities 260 on the exterior surface 80 and/or base exterior 40 and the gripping irregularities 260 can be uniformly distributed about a location to provide structures that help the consumer grip the cap when removing the cap 10 from the container 110. The gripping irregularities 260 may be symmetrically distributed on the exterior surface 80 and/or base exterior 40 about a location so as to have one-fold symmetry, for example a fold passing through a point on the longitudinal axis L.
The second surface irregularities 155 can be comprised of a first material and the gripping irregularities 260 can be comprised of a second material, wherein the first material differs from the second material by a property selected from the group consisting of modulus of elasticity, chemical composition, color, Shore A hardness, and combinations thereof. Such an arrangement can help the user identify the portion of the cap 10 that is designed to be used as a scrubbing implement.
The cap 10 can be a cap 10 wherein a pouring ledge 210 having an aperture 220 there through extends from the vessel wall 60 or rim 90 and the aperture 220 is generally aligned with the second surface irregularities 155 or wherein a pouring ledge 210 extends from the vessel wall 60 or rim 90 and an aperture 220 is in the vessel wall 60 between the pouring ledge 210 and the base 20 and the aperture 220 is generally aligned with the second surface irregularities 155. An illustration of aspects of such an embodiment is shown in
As shown in
An embodiment in which the second surface irregularities 155 are ribs 152 is shown in
If the cap 10 has both first surface irregularities 150 and second surface irregularities 155, the second surface irregularities 155 can be substantially identical in physical structure to the first surface irregularities 150. In such an embodiment, by substantially identical it is meant that the first surface irregularities 150 and second surface irregularities 155 have the same geometric characteristics or differ, if at all, only in scale or dimension. For instance, if the second surface irregularities 155 are nubs 154 then the first surface irregularities can also be nubs 154. The nubs 154 in each location may have the same geometric characteristics or differ only in scale or dimension of the nubs 154. In one embodiment, the second surface irregularities 155 can be ribs 152 and the first surface irregularities 150 can also be ribs 152. Such embodiments might provide for designs in which the first surface irregularities 150 are obscured from view when the cap 10 is engaged with the container 110 when the container 110 is on display at a retailer. Since the second surface irregularities 155 are visible to the consumer in this condition, the second surface irregularities 155 can provide an indicator to the consumer of what the obscured first surface irregularities 150 look like without the consumer having to open the package. This can be important when the container 110 is on display at a retailer because consumers might desire to open the container 110 prior to purchase to see if the cap 10 is provided with the first surface irregularities 150. Embodiments in which the second surface irregularities 155 can be selected from the group consisting of rings 158, ribs 152, nubs 154, bristles 156, fibers, and combinations thereof, are contemplated.
For second surface irregularities 155 that are bristles 156, bristles 156 can be formed such that the bristles are generally aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis, as for instance shown in
The bristles 156, if present as second surface irregularities 155, can be set such that the bristles 156 are nested with the maximum radial extent of the exterior surface 80 of the cap 10 from the longitudinal axis L. Such an arrangement can protect the bristles 156 from damage during transport, storage, and use. For a similar benefit, the bristles 156 can be set such that the bristles 156 are nested within the maximum axial extent along the longitudinal axis L.
An example of a cap 10 in which the rim 90 has the shape of a spout 92 is illustrated in
A plurality of first surface irregularities 150 can be provided at the tip of the spout 92. First surface irregularities 150 can be advantageously placed as such so that once the small volume of detergent composition 300 is poured onto the stain, the cap 10 is positioned in the user's hand such that the first surface irregularities 150 can be conveniently rubbed against the stain. Further, if the user only places a small volume of detergent composition 300 in the pour volume 100 and tips the cap 10 nearly completely over when she pre-treats the stain, the spout 92 can still be visible to the user and she will be able to see the first surface irregularities 150 and observe her scrubbing of the stain. Without a spout 92, the portion of the rim 90 located opposite of the side from which the detergent composition 300 is dispensed might obstruct her view of the first surface irregularities 150 and her scrubbing of the stain. Further, since the consumer may tend to pour from the cap 10 such that the flow emanates from a location on the rim 90 between her index finger and thumb as she rotates her wrist, the first surface irregularities 150 can be located such that these features might be conveniently and ergonomically located for the consumer to exploit these features. For instance, the cap 10 can comprise a plurality of first surface irregularities 150 at a location selected from the group consisting of on the rim 90, between the connecter 130 disposed on the cap 10 and the rim 90, and combinations thereof.
One example design for a practical spout 92 can be a cylindric section, as illustrated in
In one example embodiment, the rim 90 can be parallel to a plane oriented at an angle β more than about five degrees out of plane with respect to the base exterior 40. In one example embodiment, the rim 90 can be parallel to a plane oriented at an angle β more than about ten degrees out of plane with respect to the base exterior 40. In one example embodiment, the rim 90 can be parallel to a plane oriented at an angle β more than about fifteen degrees out of plane with respect to the base exterior 40.
The rim 90 can have an apex 94, which is the highest portion of the rim 90 when the cap 10 positioned on a flat surface such that detergent composition 300 can be poured into the pour volume 100. The rim 90 can be provided with a weir 160. In one embodiment, the rim 90 can be parallel to a plane oriented at an angle β more than about five degrees out of plane with respect to the base exterior 40 and the rim can have an apex 94 relative to the base exterior 40 and the cap 10 can comprise a plurality of first surface irregularities 150 on the rim 90.
A cap 10 having a spout 92 can have a plurality of second surface irregularities 155 on a portion of the base exterior 40 or a portion of the exterior surface 80, an example of which is shown in
An example embodiment in which a pouring ledge 210 having an aperture 220 there through extends from the rim 90, the rim 90 having an apex 94 relative to the base exterior 40 and the aperture 220 is generally aligned with the apex 94 is shown in
A cap 10 having various combinations of the features disclosed herein can provide an effective stain pre-treatment device. A cap 10 can be provided with first surface irregularities 150 at any of the locations or combinations of locations described above. A cap 10 can be provided with second surface irregularities 155 at any of the locations or combinations of locations described above. A cap 10 can be provided with first surface irregularities 150 and second surface irregularities 155, each of which are located at the locations or combinations of locations for second surface irregularities 155 described above. Various embodiments can be provided with a pouring spout 92 as described above to provide for more precise pouring. Such pouring spout 92 can be a cylindric section. Each of the embodiments contemplated herein can be provided with a pouring ledge 210 having an aperture 220 there through, as described above. Each of the embodiments contemplated herein can be provided with a collector 250. Embodiments contemplated herein can be provided with a weir 160 in the rim 90 to provide for precise pouring. The features of the cap 10 can be located relative to one another as described for the embodiments above.
A cap 10 may be used in a method of pre-treating a clothing article having a stained portion. The method can comprise the steps of removing a cap 10 from a container containing a detergent; pouring or dispensing a volume of the detergent composition 300 from the container 110 into the cap 10; applying at least a portion of the volume of the detergent composition 300 to a stained portion of the stained clothing article; scrubbing the stained portion with a portion of the cap 10; reengaging the cap 10 with the container 110 containing the detergent composition 300. The step of scrubbing the stained portion with a portion of the cap 10 can be performed with a portion of the cap 10 selected from the group consisting of the rim 90 of the cap 10, a portion of the cap 10 between the rim 90 and the connector 130, the exterior surface 80, the base exterior 40 of the cap 10, and combinations thereof. The cap 10 used in the method can be any of the various embodiments and combinations of embodiments of the cap 10 contemplated herein. The cap 10 can be removed from a container 110 by unscrewing the cap 10 to disengage threads 134 on the cap 10 from corresponding threads 134 located on the container 110. The cap 10 can be reengaged with the container 110 by screwing the cap 10 to engage threads 134 on the cap 10 with threads 134 located on the container 110. The cap 10 can have a spout 92. The spout 92 can be a cylindric section. The volume detergent composition 300 poured into the cap 10 can be a unit dose of the detergent composition 300. The method can comprise a step of placing the cap 10 in the drum of a washing machine. In such an approach, detergent composition 300 remaining in the cap 10 after pre-treatment of a stain can be delivered to the wash.
The color of the first material and second material are measured by the reflectance spectrophotometer according to the colors L*, a*, and b* values.
The color difference is calculated using the L*, a*, and b* values by the formula ΔE=[L*X·−L*Y)2+(a*X·−a*Y)2+(b*X−b*Y)2]1/2. Herein, the ‘X’ in the equation represents the first material and ‘Y’ represents the second material, X and Y cannot be the same two points of measurement at the same time. For any particular comparison of the difference in color, the location of X≠ the location of Y.
Reflectance color is measured using the Hunter Lab LabScan XE reflectance spectrophotometer obtained from Hunter Associates Laboratory of Reston, Va. A cap 10 is tested at an ambient temperature between 65° F. and 75° F. and a relative humidity between 50% and 80%.
The spectrophotometer is set to the CIELab color scale and with a D65 illumination. The Observer is set at 10° and the Mode is set at 45/0°. Area View is set to 0.125″ and Port Size is set to 0.20″. The spectrophotometer is calibrated prior to sample analysis utilizing the black glass and white reference tiles supplied from the vendor with the instrument. Calibration is done according to the manufacturer's instructions as set forth in LabScan XE User's Manual, Manual Version 1.1,August 2001, A60-1010-862. If cleaning is required of the reference tiles or samples, only tissues that do not contain embossing, lotion, or brighteners should be used (e.g., PUFFS tissue). Any sample point on the cap containing the color to be analyzed can be selected.
The cap 10 is placed over the sample port of the spectrophotometer with a white clamp disk placed behind the cap 10.
The cap 10 is removed and repositioned so that a minimum of six readings of color of the cap 10 are conducted. If possible (e.g., the size of the imparted color on the element in question does not limit the ability to have six discretely different, non-overlapping sample points), each of the readings is to be performed at a substantially different region on the externally visible surface so that no two sample points overlap. If the size of the portion of the cap comprising the first material or second material requires overlapping of sample points, only six samples should be taken with the sample points selected to minimize overlap between any two sample points. The readings are averaged to yield the reported L*, a*, and b* values for a specified color on an externally visible surface of an element.
The first material and second material are considered to have different colors if ΔE is greater than about 1.
An embodiment in which the cap 10 comprises two regions of surface irregularities on the base exterior 40 is shown in
For a cap 10 that has only first surface irregularities 150 on the base exterior 40 or on the vessel wall 60 proximal the base exterior 40, it is possible that some consumers might use a cap 10 as disclosed herein by choosing to scrub the stain with the base exterior 40 facing the stain such that the first surface irregularities 150 and the remainder of the base exterior 40 face the stain. That is, the cap 10 may be in position that is essentially the same as the position a consumer puts the cap 10 in when she is filling the pour volume 100 with a unit dose of detergent composition 300. If the portion of the base exterior 40 that does not comprise first surface irregularities 150 is generally smooth, that portion of the base exterior 40 may glide over the detergent composition 300 much like a person glides on a thin layer of water when they slide down a recreational waterslide or slip on a smooth wet floor. Such a result may not be desirable if the thin layer of detergent 300 that forms the boundary layer between the fabric being treated and the cap 10 is thick enough to maintain separation or reduce contact (no direct contact) between the first surface irregularities 150 and the fabric being treated. Thick high density liquids such as modern liquid detergent formulations that have high viscosity may form an appreciable boundary layer when vigorously sheared, as might occur during scrubbing. If such a fluid dynamic occurs, the first surface irregularities 150 may not contact the stain being treated and the cap 10 may glide around the stained fabric and the stained fabric may offer little frictional resistance. A user can mitigate this concern if the cap 10 is slightly tipped such that only, or mostly only, first surface irregularities 150 contact the stain being treated or tipping the cap 10 enough such that a boundary layer of fluid does not develop upon which the cap 10 can glide.
The first surface irregularities 150 can differ in shape from the second surface irregularities 155. The shape may be different so as to provide for a different benefit in that one shape provides for scrubbing and the other provides for disrupting development of a boundary layer of detergent composition 300. Such a difference in shape can also be helpful to drive the consumer to recognize that different regions of the base exterior 40 of the cap may be present to provide for different functions and to select the proper region to scrub the stain with.
The first surface irregularities 150 can differ in shape from the second surface irregularities 155 by properties including, but not limited to, height, diameter, aspect ratio, curvature of various surfaces. For instance, first surface irregularities 150 can be generally columnar shaped and second surface irregularities can be a disordered roughened texture.
The apexes 420 of a plurality of first surface irregularities 150 can be in plane with the apexes 420 of a plurality of second surface irregularities 155. Such an arrangement might be practical for providing a cap 10 that can be stably set on a surface such that detergent composition 300 can be poured into the pour volume 100. The pour volume 100 can have a phreatic surface when filled with detergent composition 300 wherein the apexes 420 of the plurality of first surface irregularities 150 and the apexes of the plurality of second surface irregularities 155 are parallel or substantially parallel with the phreatic surface. The phreatic surface is the free surface of the detergent composition 300 when poured into the pour volume 100.
For high density liquid detergent compositions 300, the pour volume 100 can be sized and dimensioned to provide for a pour volume 100 that is between about 10 mL and about 200 mL. Depending on the compactness of the high density liquid detergent composition 300, the pour volume 100 can be sized and dimensioned to provide for a pour volume 100 that is between about 30 mL and about 100 mL. Depending on the compactness of the high density liquid detergent composition 300, the pour volume 100 can be sized and dimensioned to provide for a pour volume 100 that is between about 45 mL and about 77 mL. The vessel wall 60 can define a radial perimeter about the longitudinal axis L of about 225 mm. The vessel wall 60 can have a height of about 67 mm.
The first surface irregularities 150 can comprise a thermoplastic elastomer. The second surface irregularities 155 can comprises a thermoplastic elastomer. The first surface irregularities 150 and second surface irregularities 155 can comprise a thermoplastic elastomer. Employing a thermoplastic elastomer for first surface irregularities 150 and/or second surface irregularities 155 can be advantageous because thermoplastic elastomers may be gentler on fabrics when rubbed against a fabric being treated, as opposed to thermoset material. A thermoplastic elastomer can form surface irregularities selected from the group consisting of said first surface irregularities, said second surface irregularities, and combinations thereof.
The first surface irregularities 150, the second surface irregularities 155, and both the first surface irregularities 150 and the second surface irregularities 155 can be acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The vessel wall 60 and/or the base 20 may be comprised of a thermoset material in the embodiments described herein. The vessel wall 60 and/or base 20 may be comprised of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The vessel wall 60 and/or base 20 may be comprised of polypropylene. The vessel wall 60 and/or base 20 can be comprised of the material used in caps of packaging of TIDE liquid detergent, manufactured by The Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. The vessel wall and/or base 20 may be comprised of Flinthills AP5520HA available from Flint Hills Resources, LP, Wichita, Kans., U.S.A.
If the vessel wall 60 and/or base 20 is polypropylene and a thermoplastic elastomer is used for either or both of the first surface irregularities 150 and/or the second surface irregularities 155, the thermoplastic elastomer can be selected such that it is of the type that is compatible with polypropylene. In one embodiment in which a thermoplastic elastomer is employed, the thermoplastic elastomer used for surface irregularities selected from the group consisting of first surface irregularities 150, second surface irregularities, and combinations thereof, the thermoplastic elastomer can be VERSAFLEX 9500, available from GLS Thermoplastic Elastomers, McHenry, Ill., U.S.A.
It can be practical to a have a cap 10 wherein the first surface irregularities 150 and the vessel wall 60 comprise materials having different chemical compositions from one another so as to provide different benefits with different portions of the cap 10 and/or to cost-optimize manufacture of the cap 10. Similarly, it can be practical to have the first surface irregularities 150 and second surface irregularities 155 comprise materials having different chemical composition from one another so as so as to provide different benefits with different portions of the cap 10 and/or to cost-optimize manufacture of the cap 10. For instance the first surface irregularities 155 can be thermoplastic elastomer that provides for a pliable scrubbing surface and second surface irregularities 155 can be a thermoset material that provides for a rugged and rigid topographic profile for disrupting a boundary layer of detergent composition 300 and that is durable.
The vessel wall 60 can comprise a material that has a Shore A hardness greater than that of the first surface irregularities 150 to provide for a rigid vessel wall that is stiff when the consumer grips the cap 10 to remove the cap 10 from the container 110, is stiff enough to withstand installation with the container 110 during production of consumer product, and is stiff enough to withstand shipping and storage.
The base exterior 40 may be non-planar, as shown in
The base exterior 40 has a base exterior surface area 41, which is the area of the surface of the base exterior 40. To provide for a cap 10 having a large enough first region 400 to be effective for pretreating stains, the first region 400 can comprise between about 10% to about 90% of the bases exterior surface area 41. To provide for a cap 10 having a large enough second region 410 to be effective for disrupting the formation of a boundary layer of detergent composition 300 between the base exterior 40 and the fabric being pretreated, the second region 410 can comprise between about 10% and about 90% of the base exterior surface area 41 The second region 410 can comprise more than 50% of the base exterior surface area 41.
The first region 400 can comprise less than 50% of the base exterior surface area 41. By having such arrangement, the consumer might be able to better identify that the first region 400 has some unique property and/or capability as compared to other regions or portions of the base exterior 40 because first region 400 contrasts visually with the remainder of the base 20 of the cap. To provide for ergonomic use, the first region 400 can be generally aligned with a portion of the rim 90 having the shape of a spout 92. When the consumer pours a small amount of detergent composition 300 onto a stain via the spout 92, the first region 400 that can be used to pretreat the stain by scrubbing is already in the proper position to be used by the consumer without the consumer having to rotate the cap 10 or change the position of her wrist.
The first region 400 can comprise between about 10% and about 40% of the base exterior surface area 41. The second region can comprise between about 60% and about 90% of the base exterior surface area 41.
One challenge in introducing new product forms to consumers is helping consumers adopt new habits, particularly those habits that can enhance consumer satisfaction with a product. To help consumers understand the functionality of a cap 10 and a method of using cap 10, as disclosed herein, it can be practical to provide usage instruction 430 for the cap 10 that appear on the cap in text form or graphical form. Usage instructions 430 can be advantageously placed on the base 20 so that the consumer sees the usage instruction as she opens the container 110 as she commences to use the product. A text form of a usage instruction can be “Pretreat With X”, where X is the brand of detergent composition 300 contained within the container 110. Other usage instructions are contemplated, such usage instruction needing only to inform the consumer of the functionality of the cap 10. A graphical form of a usage instruction can be a pictorial representation of how the cap 10 can be used, such as a human hand gripping the cap 10 in the desired manner and arrows or other indicia to indicate movement.
A profile view of the cap 10 shown in
All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the total composition and all measurements made are at 25° C., unless otherwise designated. An angular degree is a planar unit of angular measure equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
All documents cited are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3090067 | Weiby et al. | May 1963 | A |
| 3107388 | Groves | Oct 1963 | A |
| 4741459 | Silvenis et al. | May 1988 | A |
| 4767034 | Cramer | Aug 1988 | A |
| 5181630 | McNally | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5228596 | McNally | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5251788 | Moore | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5355541 | Rutter et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5388298 | Rutter et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5459209 | Jablon | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5549209 | Weissman et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| D382482 | Lathrop et al. | Aug 1997 | S |
| 6353954 | Dunsbergen et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6739781 | Maloney et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6874190 | Deflander et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 7425102 | Velliquette | Sep 2008 | B1 |
| 20030198502 | Maloney et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20090014465 | De Wree et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090045224 | Faaborg et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20110162151 | Chawla et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110179585 | Chawla et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110179586 | Chawla et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110179587 | Wiklins et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20120297552 | Davis et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120298543 | Davis et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 200 04 275 | Aug 2000 | DE |
| 2 349 649 | Nov 2000 | GB |
| 11-244770 | Sep 1999 | JP |
| WO 9816148 | Apr 1998 | WO |
| WO 9816438 | Apr 1998 | WO |
| WO 0020676 | Apr 2000 | WO |
| WO 0123295 | Apr 2001 | WO |
| WO 0216686 | Feb 2002 | WO |
| WO 2004112538 | Dec 2004 | WO |
| WO 2008135953 | Nov 2008 | WO |
| WO 2010012552 | Feb 2010 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Photographs of a dosing ball sold with a Henkel Persil Gold 1.5L bottle that was purchased Sep. 2009. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 29/418,775, filed Apr. 20, 2012, Sanders. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 13/537,896, filed Jun. 29, 2012, Sanders et al. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 13/886,883, filed May 3, 2013, Fox et al. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 29/455,155, filed May 17, 2013, Sanders. |
| International Search Report for International Application Serial No. PCT/US2011/041359, mailed Jan. 23, 2012, 8 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/013,858, mailed Jul. 18, 2013, 8 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20110311296 A1 | Dec 2011 | US |
