Patent Application
20220064571
Laundry detergent formulations for everyday use having cleaning and enhanced germ removal efficacy, as well as consumer acceptable viscosity levels and long-term stability profiles, are disclosed.
PCT Publication WO97/12018 to The Procter & Gamble Company discloses a liquid laundry detergent composition comprising a surfactant system which is free of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate comprising: 1) anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl alkoxy sulfates and alkyl sulfates and 2) a selected quaternary ammonium surfactant.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,329 to Reckitt & Colman Inc discloses liquid laundry detergent compositions providing good detergency for the cleaning of garments and textiles, as well as further providing a germicidal action to textile fabrics in a domestic laundering process.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,768 to Reckitt & Colman Inc discloses a liquid laundry detergent composition providing good detergency for the cleaning of garments and textiles, as well as further providing a germicidal action to textile fabrics in a domestic laundering process.
PCT Publication WO2009/117299 to Altos Medical LLC discloses a cleaning preparation, namely to a cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, and sterilizing preparation comprises a mixture of cationic microbiocides and non-ionic surfactants.
US Patent App Pub No 2010/0216890 to Lichtenberg et al. discloses disinfectant compositions containing (a) at least one amine and/or quaternary salt and (b) at least one alkanolamine.
PCT Publication WO2015/086608 to L'Oreal discloses a cleansing composition comprising (a) at least one nonionic surfactant, (b) at least one amphoteric surfactant; (c) at least one component selected from (i) a nonionic thickener or (ii) (1) a cationic agent combined with (ii)(2) an anionic surfactant, or a mixture of a nonionic thickener plus cationic agent and/or anionic surfactant; and (d) water.
PCT Publication WO2016/008765 to BASF discloses a liquid detergent composition comprising at least one chelating agent selected from alkali metal salts of methyl glycine diacetate and glutamic acid diacetate and at least one anionic surfactant.
U.S. Pat. No. 10,435,652 to Lonza LTD discloses a liquid laundry detergent composition for clothing comprising a bacteria-eliminating agent, at least one cationic polymer selected from three options, and a surfactant.
U.S. Pat. No. 10,487,291 to Henkel AG & Co KGaA discloses a detergent or cleaning agent that has an antimicrobial effect an includes at least one tetracarboxylic acid or the salts thereof in combination with at least one biocidal quaternary ammonium compound.
A need remains for a stable, commercially viable laundry detergent formulations exhibiting suitable cleaning action and enhanced germ removal efficacy. Preferably, the laundry detergent formulations have consumer acceptable viscosity levels, ranging from approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm.
Laundry detergent compositions for everyday use having cleaning and enhanced germ removal efficacy are disclosed. The compositions comprise a cationic biocide, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant. The disclosed compositions may include one or more of the following aspects:
As used herein, the term “approximately” means plus or minus 10% of the value stated.
As used herein, the term “germ” means a microorganism, especially one which causes disease, and includes both bacteria and viruses.
As used herein, the term “a” or “an” means one or more.
As used herein, the abbreviation “cps” means centipoise.
As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the w/w percentages are based on the weight of the material being measured versus the weight of the total composition. For materials that do not have 100% activity, the w/w percentage may be the % activity of that ingredient versus the weight of the total composition. In the Examples, the activity level is provided in parentheses when the ingredient weight is not 100% active (e.g. “total weight (active weight)”).
As used herein, any and all ranges are inclusive of their endpoints. For example, a concentration of biocide ranging from 1% w/w to 10% w/w would include formulations having 1% w/w biocide, formulations having 10% w/w biocides, and formulations having any concentration of biocide between 1% w/w and 10% w/w.
Laundry detergent formulations for everyday use having cleaning and enhanced germ removal efficacy are disclosed. The formulations also exhibit consumer acceptable viscosity levels and long-term stability profiles. The compositions comprise a cationic biocide, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant. By predominant surfactant it will be understood that the amount by weight of nonionic surfactant present in the composition is higher than the active amount by weight of any other type of surfactant present in the formulation. Preferably, the amount by weight of nonionic surfactant present in the composition is higher than the combined amount of said cationic biocide and said anionic surfactant.
Anionic surfactants are effective at cleaning clothing. These surfactants are present in detergents, due to their strong washing performance and foaming properties.
Cationic biocides are effective at removing odor-causing bacteria from clothing. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus have been identified as some odor-causing bacteria, although there are more than those two.
The issues that arise from mixing cationic and anionic surfactants are well known. As shown in the examples that follow, the mixture of cationic biocides and anionic surfactants may produce unstable and turbid solutions. For example, formulations E9 to E1 2 include both the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulfate and either bis(3-aminopropyl)dodceylamine or benzylammonium chloride as cationic biocides. After 12 days, all 4 formulations exhibited precipitation. While many references claim to have developed formulation containing anionic and cationic ingredients, the inventors are not aware of any such commercially available formulations.
Typically, nonionic surfactant based formulations have been used to keep cationic biocides stable in laundry detergent formulations (see, e.g., WO2009/117299 to Altos Medical LLC). As demonstrated in formulations E1 to E8 and
As disclosed herein, stable formulations having acceptable viscosity levels have been developed that include both anionic surfactants and cationic biocides. The compositions exhibit a viscosity ranging from approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps, preferably from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500, cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm.
Anionic surfactants suitable for use in the teachings in the disclosed formulations include alkali or alkaline salts of alkyl ether sulfates. The alkyl group contains from 10 to 20 carbons, alternatively from 10 to 16 carbons, alternatively from 12 to 16 carbons, or in another alternative from 10 to 14 carbons. Sodium lauryl (C12) ether sulfate, sold as CosmacolAES 70-3-24 AL by Sasol, was used in the examples that follow. The inventors expect no to minimal changes in the results from the use of alkyl ether sulfates having any of the other 010-C20 alkyl groups.
Applicants have surprisingly discovered that formulations containing low levels of anionic surfactants still provide superior cleaning efficacy. The disclosed laundry detergent compositions may contain between approximately 0.5% w/w and approximately 6.0% w/w of the anionic surfactant, preferably approximately 2.0% w/w. The activity level of the anionic surfactant may range from approximately 0.15% w/w to approximately 2% w/w of the formulation, alternatively from approximately 0.5% w/w to approximately 1.5% w/w, alternatively from approximately 0.25% w/w to approximately 1% w/w, alternatively from approximately 0.15% w/w to approximately 1.5% w/w, alternatively from approximately 0.15% w/w to approximately 0.1% w/w, or in another alternative from approximately 0.2% w/w to approximately 0.6% w/w.
The inventors believe that ethoxylation of the anionic surfactant make it compatible with certain cationic biocides. The degree of ethoxylation ranges from approximately 1 to approximately 7, preferably from approximately 2 to approximately 4. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that ethoxylation does not produce 100% of the stated ethoxylation groups. Instead, the resulting level of ethoxylation resembles a bell-shaped curve, with the predominant number being at the peak of the bell curve. For example, 2 ethoxylate groups are listed on the specification for the sodium lauryl ether sulfate used in the following examples. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that minor quantities of both 1 and 3 ethoxylate groups may also be present in that material.
Cationic biocides suitable for use in the teachings of the disclosed formulations include quaternary ammonium compounds. The disclosed laundry detergent compositions contain between approximately 1.0% w/w and 5.0% w/w of the cationic biocide raw material. The activity level of the cationic biocide also may range from approximately 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation, alternatively from approximately 0.5% w/w to approximately 3% w/w, alternatively from approximately 0.5% w/w to approximately 2.5% w/w, or in another alternative from approximately 1% w/w to approximately 2% w/w.
Polycationic polymers, such as polyquaternium, are not suitable as biocides for the teachings herein because they are not as efficacious as single head cationic head quaternary ammonium compounds. Polycationic polymers would not be able to obtain the same biocidal activity as shown in the examples that follow in a cost effective manner.
Exemplary biocides include alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, sold under the tradename Bardac® 2080 by Lonza; dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, sold under the tradename Bardac® 2280 by Lonza; alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, sold under the tradename Barquat® MB-80; benzylammonium chloride, sold under the tradename Empigen® BAC80 by Huntsman; bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecyl amine, sold under the tradename Lonzabac® 12.100 by Lonza; and mixtures thereof.
As shown in the Examples that follow, precipitation and instability occur more frequently with cationic biocides that include a benzyl functional group, such as Barquat® MB80 and Empigen® BAC80. As a result, cationic biocides that exclude benzyl functional groups are preferred in the teachings herein.
The inventors have surprisingly observed that a blend of cationic biocides have a better biocide activity than a single biocide. More particularly, as demonstrated in Tables 23 and 24, formulation E53 in Table 17 containing a blend Bardac/Lonzabac with a ratio between 0.8 and 1.5 produced exponentially better results than either biocide alone in formulations E49, E50, or E52. Preferred cationic biocides include alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, sold under the tradename Bardac 2080 by Lonza, bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecyl amine, sold under the tradename Lonzabac 12.100 by Lonza, and mixtures thereof. The disclosed laundry detergent compositions contain between approximately 1.0% w/w and 5.0% w/w of the cationic biocide blend.
A mixture of cationic and nonionic surfactants are combined in the present formulation. The mixture keeps the cationic biocides stable in the formulation. The mixture has higher viscosity (above 180 cps, preferably above 200 cps) when compared to nonionic surfactant based formulations. The mixture also provides better foam as compared to nonionic surfactant based formulations. As shown in the Examples, particularly formulations E49, E50, E52 and E53, the blend of cationic biocides may be used to exponentially increase the bactericide power when compared to the single cationic biocide.
Nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the teachings of the disclosed formulations include C10-C16 alcohol ethoxylates. The number of carbons in the organic carbon chain backbone attached to the ethoxylated alcohol functional group may be chosen to provide optimum cleaning performance (e.g., C10-C12 or C12-C14). The disclosed laundry detergent compositions contain between approximately 4% w/w and approximately 25% w/w of the nonionic surfactant, alternatively between approximately 4% w/w and approximately 10% w/w, alternatively between approximately 8% w/w and approximately 15% w/w, alternatively between approximately 10% w/w to approximately 20% w/w, alternatively between approximately 15% w/w to approximately 25% w/w, alternatively between approximately 12% w/w to approximately 15% w/w, or in another alternative between approximately 11% w/w to approximately 15% w/w.
Exemplary nonionic surfactants include C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylates having 7 ethoxylate groups, 010-C16 alcohol ethoxylates having 3 ethoxylate groups, C13-C15 alcohol ethoxylates having 8 ethoxylate groups, and any combinations thereof. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that ethoxylation does not produce 100% of the stated ethoxylation groups. Instead, the resulting level of ethoxylation resembles a bell-shaped curve, with the predominant number being at the peak of the bell curve. For example, 8 ethoxylate groups are listed on the specification for the C13-C15 alcohol ethoxylate used in the following examples. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that minor quantities of 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 ethoxylate groups may also be present in that material.
Exemplary 010-C16 alcohol ethoxylates having 3 ethoxylate groups include but are not limited to those sold by Sasol under the tradename Novel® 1412-3 ethoxylated. Exemplary C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylates having 7 ethoxylate groups include but are not limited to those sold by Sasol under the tradename Novel® 1412-7 ethoxylated. Exemplary C13-C15 alcohol ethoxylates having 8 ethoxylate groups include but are not limited to those sold by BASF under the tradename Lutensol® AO8. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that ethoxylated alcohols having different chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation may also be suitable for use in the teachings herein.
The inventors have discovered that specific ratios of 7 ethoxylated (7EO) and 3 ethoxylated (3EO) nonionic surfactants surprisingly increase the viscosity as compared to the single nonionic surfactant. The ratio of 7EO/3EO ranges between approximately 2.3:1 and approximately 2.9:1, preferably approximately 2.6:1 or approximately 2.9:1. Moreover, adding an anionic ethoxylated surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant to the formulation further helps to boost the viscosity.
The laundry detergent formulations may further comprise an amphoteric surfactant. The disclosed laundry detergent compositions may contain between approximately 3% w/w to approximately 15% w/w of amphoteric surfactant material. The activity level of the amphoteric surfactant may range from approximately 0.25% w/w to 4% w/w of the formulation, alternatively from approximately 0.25% w/w to 3.5% w/w, from approximately 0.25% w/w to 2.5% w/w, alternatively from approximately 0.25% w/w to 1% w/w, alternatively from approximately 1% w/w to 2% w/w, alternatively from approximately 2% w/w to 3% w/w, or in another alternative from approximately 1.5% w/w to 3.5% w/w.
The amphoteric surfactant may be a betaine, such as cocoamidopropyl betaine. Exemplary betaines include but are not limited to cocoamidopropyl betaine, sold under the tradename Amphotesid B4 by ZSCHIMMER & SCHWARZ ITALIANA S.P.A.
The blend of nonionic, anionic and optional amphoteric surfactants have the capability to stabilize the cationic biocide in the formula, giving a viscosity in the range of approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps, preferably from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps. As shown in the examples, the formulation also exhibits better performance when compared to similar formulations using just one of the components.
The pH of the laundry detergent ranges from approximately 8.0 to approximately 8.5 at room temperature (approximately 20° C. to approximately 22° C.). The pH may be adjusted using any suitable pH adjusters, such as citric acid, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, monoethanolamine, or any combinations thereof.
The laundry detergent formulation may further comprise a chelant, such as L-glutamic acid N,N′-diacetic acid, tetrasodium salt (45%), e.g., sold by AkzoNobel as Dissolvine® GL-45 or GL-47; a modified biopolymer sold by BASF under the trade name Coltide™ Radiance LQ; or 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, sold by Italmatch as Dequese FS.
The laundry detergent formulation may further comprise a liquid optical brightener between 0.1% w/w and 0.8% w/w, preferably 0.5% w/w. Exemplary optical brighteners include but are not limited to 4,4′-distyryl biphenyl derivatives sold under the trade name Tinopal CBS-CL by BASF or disodium-4-4-bis-2-sulfostyryl-biphenyl, sold by Vesta Chemicals as Viobrite CBS or Dalian Richfortune Chemicals as FWA CBS-X.
The laundry detergent formulation may further comprise enzymes, such as a protease, an amylase, a mannanase, a cellulase, or combinations thereof. Exemplary enzymes suitable for use in the disclosed laundry detergent formulation include but are not limited to those sold by DuPont under the tradename Effectenz® P-150, sold by Novozymes under the trade name Progress Uno 101 L, Savinase® 16.0 L EX, Stainzyme® 12L, Mannaway® 4.0L, Medley® Core 200L, CelluClean® 5000; or any combinations thereof.
The laundry detergent formulations may further comprise solvents, fragrance, color, or combinations thereof. Suitable solvents include but are not limited to water, ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, triethanolamine, monoethanolamine, or combinations thereof.
The laundry detergent formulation preferably excludes thickener components, such as cellulose or polycationic or polysaccharide polymers, such as polyquaternium, xanthum gum, guar gum, polycarboxylate polymers, polyacrylamides, clays, or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosed laundry detergent formulations comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of: approximately 55% w/w to approximately 75% w/w water; approximately 0.15% active w/w to approximately 1.5% active w/w sodium lauryl ether sulfate; approximately 14% w/w to approximately 22% w/w nonionic surfactant; approximately 0.25% active w/w to approximately 1.5% active w/w tetrasodium salt of L-glutamic acid N,N′-diacetic acid; approximately 2% w/w to approximately 4% w/w glycerin; approximately 1.5% active w/w to approximately 3% active w/w cocoamidopropyl betaine; approximately 1.5% active w/w to approximately 2.5% active w/w alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; approximately 0.01% active w/w to approximately 0.1% active w/w 4,4′-distyryl biphenyl derivative; and protease enzymes. Triethanolamine, citric acid, fragrance, color, and additional enzymes may also be included in the disclosed laundry detergent formulations. The nonionic surfactant may include approximately 7.5% w/w to approximately 11.5% 7EO, approximately 0% w/w to approximately 4% w/w 3EO, and/or approximately 0% w/w to approximately 11% w/w 8 EO. The resulting formulations are clear/transparent.
The disclosed laundry detergent formulations may be prepared by mixing the optional amphoteric surfactant, optional chelant, and water for about 15 minutes. If necessary, the pH of the solution is adjusted to a range of approximately 8 to approximately 8.4 using a pH adjuster to form a pH-adjusted solution.
The cationic biocide is added to the pH adjusted solution, followed by the anionic surfactant, which is followed by the nonionic surfactant. As discussed in the examples that follow, the inventors have discovered that the viscosity of the formulation obtained when the anionic and nonionic surfactants are added prior to the cationic biocide is lower than when the cationic biocide is added first.
After addition of the nonionic surfactant, the mixture is stirred for approximately 5 to approximately 20 minutes, depending on the size of the vessel, temperature, and mixing speed. Glycerin and any additional nonionic surfactants included in the formulation are added after mixing. Any optional whiteners, enzymes, and color/dye are subsequently added.
Alternatively, the disclosed laundry detergent formulations may be prepared by mixing the following ingredients with water (added one by one or all at once): optional amphoteric surfactant, glycerin, optical brightener, & optional chelator. Applicants have found that adding the optional amphoteric surfactant to the formulation prior to adding any cationic and/or anionic surfactants yields faster stability and shortens production time. Adding the optional amphoteric surfactant to the formulation after the cationic and/or anionic surfactant may produce a cloudy formulation that takes time to clarify. This wait time may be avoided by adding the optional amphoteric surfactant prior to the cationic and anionic surfactants. Once the solution is homogeneous, the 7EO alcohol ethoxylate is added to the mixture (and mixed until again homogeneous).
The cationic surfactant is then blended into the solution until clear & uniform. The anionic surfactant is then be added and mixed until homogeneous. Once these surfactants have been adequately blended, the pH of the solution may be buffered (lower) using citric acid to a range between a pH of 7 and 9, preferably 8 to 9. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a pH between 7 and 9 is better for enzyme stability than higher or lower pHs.
Once the solution is again homogeneous, the 8EO alcohol ethoxylate is added to the solution, thickening the formulation significantly. After dissolving, the optional 3EO ethoxylated alcohol is added to the solution & mixed until homogeneous. At this point, any enzymes, fragrance, and/or color/dye are added & mixed until visually clear/uniform.
Methods of cleaning and sanitizing fabrics are also disclosed. Between approximately 35 mL to approximately 90 mL of the disclosed laundry detergent formulation may be added to the soap dispenser or tub of a washing machine on any washing cycle based on the usage instructions (e.g., delicate, bulky, etc). One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that some washing machines utilize 57 L of water, similar to those sold in the US. Please note that the guidance from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) shows water volume ranges from 11 L to 76 L for US washing machines, which encompasses both High Efficiency (HE) vs non-HE and top vs front loading machines. Some washing machines have also been developed that utilize approximately 15 L to approximately 17 L of water, similar to those sold in Europe. The test results in the Examples are based on the dilutions that occur when using 45 mL in a 57 L machine. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that biocide and surfactant concentrations on the lower end of the ranges may be used in low-water HE machines and biocide and surfactant concentrations on the higher end of the ranges may be required in high-water machines.
Alternatively, fabrics may be cleaned and sanitized by PRE-SOAK. For pre-soak, method ASTM D4265 can be utilized to evaluate cleaning performance, AOAC 955.14 & 955.15 can be utilized to evaluate bacteria kill, and ASTM E1053 can be utilized to assess virucidal activity. Recommended pre-soak instructions would be to pre-soak the clothing in an insulated vessel using 120 mL of product into 1 quart of hot (50° C.) water for a period ranging from approximately 9 minutes to approximately 15 minutes (for bacteria kill), preferably approximately 10 to approximately 12 minutes. Alternatively, for virus kill, pre-soak instructions could be to pre-soak in a vessel using 90 mL of product into 1 gallon of cold (20° C.) water for a period ranging from approximately 9 minutes to approximately 15 minutes, preferably approximately 10 to approximately 12 minutes. For cleaning, dilutions can be adjusted as needed.
The combination and respective levels of ingredients disclosed herein provide consumer acceptable cleaning based on ASTM D4265 when compared to leading market competitors. Further data has been obtained through consumer use testing that confirm these results. Additionally, technical and consumer testing confirm that the level of bacteria is significantly decreased on the fabric which based on both lab test methods and consumer perception.
The disclosed formulations are also being subject to the current version of ASTM E1053 Standard Practice to Assess Virucidal Activity of Chemicals Intended for Disinfection of Inanimate, Nonporous Environmental Surfaces in order to evaluate efficacy against viruses, such as poliovirus type 1 (Sabin)(supplied by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). As is known in the art, nonenveloped viruses are the most difficult to control or eradicate. Exemplary nonenveloped viruses include poliovirus type 1 (Sabin). Efficacy against poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) presumptively demonstrates efficacy against other bacteria and non-enveloped viruses, such as influenza A (H1N1: NR-13658), human adenovirus type 5 (American Type Culture Collection “ATCC” VR-5), feline calicivirus strain F-9 (ATCC VR-782), herpes simplex type 1 (ATCC VR1493), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Enterococcus hirae (ATCC 10541), Aspergillis niger (ATCC 16404), Trichophyton metagropytes (ATCC 9533), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis. The formulations are expected to exhibit between approximately a 1 log10 and approximately a 5 log10 reduction against poliovirus type 1 (Sabin).
The following examples below illustrate exemplary formulations as well as preferred embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that these examples are provided by way of illustration only and that further compositions and articles may be produced in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
The compositions in the following examples were prepared using the ingredients identified in Table A:
The formulations in Tables 1-3 do not include anionic surfactants, and most exhibit low viscosity.
In Table 4, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing benzylammonium chloride (BAC), alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (B2280), or alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (MB80) cationic biocides and less than 10% w/w of an alkyl ethoxylate nonionic surfactant.
One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that fragrance compositions frequently include stabilizers. The different properties obtained for the very similar E32 and E51 formulations may be explained by this difference.
Cloud point testing was performed on these samples. The formulations were placed in a cold liquid to determine when the solution turns opaque. The temperature at which the formulation exhibited a cloudy appearance (CP) was below −4° C. for these formulations, which is a sign of stability. A cloudy appearance at room temperature may be a sign of instability. Additionally, consumers prefer formulations that are not cloudy. As a result, the clarity of these formulations would be suitable for consumers.
Both BAC and MB80 contain benzyl functional groups. Applicants believe that cationic biocides that have these benzyl functional groups may accelerate precipitation in formulations that also contain anionic surfactants, such as SLES. This theory is supported by Table 4 above, in which precipitation was only observed for the formulations containing BAC and MB80. Formulations containing B2280 did not exhibit precipitation.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that suitable formulations may be obtained from:
a) a cationic biocide, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant; or
b) 0.5-1.5 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 4-10% w/w nonionic surfactant, preferably EA, 7EO; and 1-3% active w/w of a cationic biocide which does not contain any aromatic ligands, such as B2080. The formulation may further comprise 0.25-2.5 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
In Table 5, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing bis (3-aminopropyl) dodecyl amine (LB) cationic biocides and less than 10% w/w of alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants.
Cloud point testing was performed on E9, E10, E13, E24, and E27. The formulations were placed in a cold liquid to determine when the solution turns opaque. The temperature at which the formulation exhibited a cloudy appearance (CP) was below −4° C. for these formulations, which is a sign of stability. A cloudy appearance at room temperature may be a sign of instability. Additionally, consumers prefer formulations that are not cloudy. As a result, the clarity of these formulations would be suitable for consumers
These formulations exhibited low viscosity and precipitation in samples E9, E10, E24, and E49. These phenomena are not usually acceptable to consumers.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that suitable formulations may be obtained from 0.5-1.5 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 4-10% w/w nonionic surfactant, preferably EA, 7EO; and 1-5% active w/w of a cationic biocide which does not contain any aromatic ligands, such as LB. The formulation may further comprise 0.25-1 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
In Table 6, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing poly(hexa methylene biguanide) hydrochloride biocide (VIB) and less than 10% w/w of an alkyl ethoxylate nonionic surfactant.
Cloud point testing was performed on these samples. The formulations were placed in a cold liquid to determine when the solution turns opaque. The temperature at which the formulation exhibited a cloudy appearance (CP) was below −4° C. for these formulations, which is a sign of stability. A cloudy appearance at room temperature may be a sign of instability. Additionally, consumers prefer formulations that are not cloudy. As a result, the clarity of these formulations would be suitable for consumers.
These formulations exhibited low viscosity.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that suitable formulations may be obtained from 0.5-1.5 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 4-10% w/w nonionic surfactant, preferably EA, 7EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-3% active w/w, of a biocide, such as VIB. The formulation may further comprise 0.25-1 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
In Tables 7 and 8, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing cationic biocides and 10% w/w or more of alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants.
Cloud point testing was performed on E12, E21, E23, and E48. The formulations were placed in a cold liquid to determine when the solution turns opaque. The temperature at which the formulation exhibited a cloudy appearance (CP) was below −4° C. for these formulations, which is a sign of stability. A cloudy appearance at room temperature may be a sign of instability. Additionally, consumers prefer formulations that are not cloudy. As a result, the clarity of these formulations would be suitable for consumers.
Except for E32, the viscosity of E12, E21, E28, E29, E31, and E33 is higher than those in Examples 2-4. Consumers prefer laundry detergents having a viscosity ranging from approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps, preferably from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm.
As can be seen, color change occurs in E21 and precipitation occurs in E12, E23, and E48. These phenomena are not usually acceptable to consumers.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that suitable formulations may be obtained from:
a) a cationic biocide, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant;
b) 0.25-1 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 12-15% w/w nonionic surfactant, preferably EA 7EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-3% active w/w of a cationic biocide having benzyl functional groups, such as BAC or MB80. The formulation may further comprise 1.5-3.5 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet; or
c) 0.5-2 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 11-15% w/w nonionic surfactant, preferably EA 7EO; and 0.5-5% active w/w, preferably 0.5-3% active w/w of a cationic biocide which does not contain any aromatic functional groups, such as LB or B2080. The formulation may further comprise 1.5-3.5 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
In Tables 9-11, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing a bis(3-aminopropyl) dodecyl amine (LB) cationic biocide and blend of alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants.
Consumers prefer laundry detergents having a viscosity ranging from approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps, preferably from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm. Except for E50 and E54-57, the viscosities of these formulations are either close to or in the desired viscosity range. Applicants have discovered that the order in which the surfactants are added to the formulation may affect viscosity. The cationic biocide should be added to a solution containing the amphoteric surfactant, but prior to addition of the anionic and nonionic surfactants. The low viscosity results of Examples E50 and E54-E57, may be due to adding the cationic biocide to the formulation after all of the other surfactants have been added to the formulation.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that suitable formulations may be obtained from a
a) a cationic biocide, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant;
b) a cationic biocide, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the composition has a viscosity ranging from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm;
c) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 3EO having a ratio ranging from approximately 2.3 to approximately 2.9;
d) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 3EO having a ratio of approximately 2.6;
e) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a 010-C16 7 ethoxylated alcohol, a C10-16 3 ethoxylated alcohol, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
f) a cationic biocide, cocamidopropyl betaine, a 010-C16 7 ethoxylated alcohol, a 010-16 3 ethoxylated alcohol, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
g) 0.1-1.5 active % w/w, preferably 0.5-1.5 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 8-15% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-2% active w/w of a cationic biocide that does not contain benzyl functional groups, such as LB. The formulation may further comprise 1-2 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet;
j) 0.1-1.5 active % w/w, preferably 0.5-1.5 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 8-15% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-2% active w/w of a cationic biocide that does not contain benzyl functional groups, such as LB, wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio ranging from approximately 2.3 to approximately 2.9. The formulation may further comprise 1-2 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet; or
k) 0.1-1.5 active % w/w, preferably 0.5-1.5 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 8-15% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-2% active w/w of a cationic biocide that does not contain benzyl functional groups, such as LB, wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio of approximately 2.6. The formulation may further comprise 1-2 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
In Table 12, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride cationic biocides and a blend of alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants.
*Samples of E141 underwent 12 week stability testing at 5° C., 25° C., 30° C. with 60% relative humidity, and 40° C. with 75% relative humidity. None of the samples exhibited any change in colour, cloudiness or phase separation. The viscosity remained within 10% of the initial viscosity for all of the samples. The pH of the samples stored at 5° C. and 25° C. remained within 10% of the initial pH (measured on a 5% w/w solution). A larger pH decrease occurred for the higher temperature samples.
Consumers prefer laundry detergents having a viscosity ranging from approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps, preferably from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm. The viscosities of these formulations are in the desired viscosity range.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that superior formulations may be obtained from:
a) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant;
b) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the composition has a viscosity ranging from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm;
c) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 8EO;
d) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a C10-C16 7 ethoxylated alcohol, a C13-15 8 ethoxylated alcohol, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
e) a cationic biocide, cocamidopropyl betaine, a C10-C16 7 ethoxylated alcohol, a C13-15 8 ethoxylated alcohol, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate; or
f) 0.1-1.5 active % w/w, preferably 0.5-1.5 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 15-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 8EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-2% active w/w of a cationic biocide that does not contain benzyl functional groups, such as B2080. The formulation may further comprise 2-3 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
In Tables 13-16, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride cationic biocides and a blend of alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants.
Consumers prefer laundry detergents having a viscosity ranging from approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps, preferably from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm. Except for E79 and E86, the viscosities of these formulations are either close to or in the desired viscosity range.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that superior formulations may be obtained from:
a) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant;
b) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the composition has a viscosity ranging from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm;
c) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 3EO having a ratio ranging from approximately 2.3 to approximately 2.9;
d) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 3EO having a ratio of approximately 2.6;
e) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 3EO having a ratio of approximately 2.9;
f) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a 010-C16 7 ethoxylated alcohol, a C10-16 3 ethoxylated alcohol, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
g) a cationic biocide, cocamidopropyl betaine, a 010-C16 7 ethoxylated alcohol, a 010-16 3 ethoxylated alcohol, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
h) 0.1-1 active % w/w, preferably 0.2-0.6 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 10-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-3% active w/w of a cationic biocide that does not contain benzyl functional groups, such as B2080. The formulation may further comprise 2-3 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet;
i) 0.1-1 active % w/w, preferably 0.2-0.6 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 10-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-3% active w/w of a cationic biocide that does not contain benzyl functional groups, such as B2080, wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio ranging from approximately 2.3 to approximately 2.9. The formulation may further comprise 2-3 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet;
j) 0.1-1 active % w/w, preferably 0.2-0.65 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 10-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-3% active w/w of a cationic biocide that does not contain benzyl functional groups, such as B2080, wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio of approximately 2.6. The formulation may further comprise 2-3 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet; or
k) 0.1-1 active % w/w, preferably 0.2-0.65 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 10-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 1-5% active w/w, preferably 1-3% active w/w of a cationic biocide that does not contain benzyl functional groups, such as B2080, wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio of approximately 2.9. The formulation may further comprise 2-3 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
In Table 17, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing either alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or a blend of bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecyl amine and alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride cationic biocides and a blend of alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants.
Consumers prefer laundry detergents having a viscosity ranging from approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps, preferably from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm. Except for E47 and E53, the viscosities of these formulations are either close to or in the desired viscosity range.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that superior formulations may be obtained from:
a) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant;
b) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant;
c) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the composition has a viscosity ranging from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm;
d) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 3EO having a ratio ranging from approximately 2.3 to approximately 2.9;
e) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 3EO having a ratio of approximately 2.6;
f) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a mixture of EA 7EO and EA 3EO having a ratio of approximately 2.9;
g) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a 010-C16 7 ethoxylated alcohol, a C10-16 3 ethoxylated alcohol, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
h) a cationic biocide, cocamidopropyl betaine, a 010-C16 7 ethoxylated alcohol, a 010-16 3 ethoxylated alcohol, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
i) 0.1-1 active % w/w, preferably 0.2-0.6 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 10-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 0.5-5% active w/w, preferably 0.5-2.5% active w/w of a cationic biocide, such as LB, MB80, B2080, B2280, or mixtures thereof. The formulation may further comprise 1-4 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet;
j) 0.1-1 active % w/w, preferably 0.2-0.6 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 10-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 0.5-5% active w/w, preferably 0.5-2.5% active w/w of a cationic biocide, such as LB, MB80, B2080, B2280, or mixtures thereof; wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio ranging from approximately 2.3 to approximately 2.9. The formulation may further comprise 1-4 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet;
k) 0.1-1 active % w/w, preferably 0.2-0.65 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 10-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 0.5-5% active w/w, preferably 0.5-2.5% active w/w of a cationic biocide, such as LB, MB80, B2080, B2280, or mixtures thereof; wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio of approximately 2.6. The formulation may further comprise 1-4 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet; or
l) 0.1-1 active % w/w, preferably 0.2-0.65 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 10-20% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO and EA 3EO; and 0.5-5% active w/w, preferably 0.5-2.5% active w/w of a cationic biocide, such as LB, MB80, B2080, B2280, or mixtures thereof; wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio of approximately 2.9. The formulation may further comprise 1-4 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
In Tables 18 and 19, anionic surfactant was added to formulations containing alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and a blend of three alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants.
*Samples of E98 underwent 12 week stability testing at 5° C., 25° C., 30° C. with 60% relative humidity, 40° C. with 75% relative humidity, and 50° C. The 50° C. samples exhibited phase separation, but no colour or cloudiness changes. Even after 12 weeks at 50° C., the phases reintegrated when the sample cooled to room temperature. None of the other samples exhibited any change in colour, cloudiness or phase separation. The viscosity remained within 10% of the initial viscosity for all of the samples. The pH of the samples stored at 5° C., 25° C., and 30° C./65% RH remained within 10% of the initial pH (measured on a 5% w/w solution). A larger pH decrease occurred for the higher temperature samples.
Consumers prefer laundry detergents having a viscosity ranging from approximately 180 cps to approximately 750 cps, preferably from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm. Except for E93 and E94, the viscosities of these formulations are either close to or in the desired viscosity range.
Based on these results, Applicants believe that superior formulations may be obtained from:
a) a cationic biocide, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant;
b) a cationic biocide, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is the predominant surfactant;
c) a cationic biocide, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the composition has a viscosity ranging from approximately 200 cps to approximately 500 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer using spindle S31 at 20° C. and 20 rpm;
d) a cationic biocide, a betaine, a C10-C16 EO7 alcohol ethoxylate, a C10-16 3EO alcohol ethoxylate, a C13-15 EO8 alcohol ethoxylate, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
g) a cationic biocide, cocamidopropyl betaine, a C10-C16 EO7 alcohol ethoxylate, a C10-16 EO3 alcohol ethoxylate, a C13-15 EO8 alcohol ethoxylate, and the sodium salt of a C12-14 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate;
h) 0.1-2.5 active % w/w, preferably 0.15-1.6 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 15-25% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO, EA 3EO, and EA 8EO; and 0.5-2.5% active w/w of a cationic biocide, such as LB, MB80, B2080, B2280, or mixtures thereof. The formulation may further comprise 1-4 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet;
i) 0.1-2.5 active % w/w, preferably 0.16-1.6 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 15-25% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO, EA 3EO, and EA 8EO; and 0.5-2.5% active w/w of a cationic biocide, such as LB, MB80, B2080, B2280, or mixtures thereof; wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio ranging from approximately 2.3 to approximately 2.9. The formulation may further comprise 1-4 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet; or
j) 0.1-2.5 active % w/w, preferably 0.15-0.1.5 active % w/w anionic surfactant, preferably SLES; 15-25% w/w of a nonionic surfactant blend, preferably EA 7EO, EA 3EO, and EA 8EO; and 0.5-2.5% active w/w of a cationic biocide, such as LB, MB80, B2080, B2280, or mixtures thereof; wherein EA 7EO and EA 3EO have a ratio of approximately 2.9. The formulation may further comprise 1-4 active % w/w of an amphoteric surfactant, such as Bet.
Stain removal may be evaluated using reflectance according to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) method 60456, entitled Clothes Washing Machines for Household Use—Methods for Measuring Performance. A spectrophotometer measures reflectance using the Y-value of the Y, x, y color coordinate measurements. The Y value provides the intensity of the stain in terms of darker/lighter. Higher Y values mean a lighter stain and therefore more clean than lower Y values/darker stains. The present reflectance was measured using a D65 light source with a UV cut-off filter at 420 nm. The stains were measured unfolded, with 2 measurements per stain (in the center of the circular area, or closest homogenous area).
Foam measurements were also calculated on formulations E1-E98 and E145. 0.4 g of the formulation was added to 500 mL of water and agitated for 3 minutes in a Gerhardt machine at level 6 speed. Agitation was stopped and the sample remained at rest for 2 minutes. The level of water and foam generated on top of the water were measured.
Table 20 provides a publicly available listing of ingredients of several commercially-available laundry detergents. These detergents were used for comparison in some of the examples that follow. As can be seen, none of these formulations include a combination of anionic and cationic surfactants.
Removes Bacteria from Fabric—Test Method Development
Test Materials (Media, Reagents, Equipment, Supplies)
Organism Preparation/Test Swatch Inoculation and Drying
Test Substance Dilution Preparation
Treatment of Inoculated Swatches with Test Substance
Subculture and Plating
Incubation/Plate Counting
All test plates are incubated at 36±1.0° C. for 48+/−2 hours. A longer incubation period is acceptable as long as it is evident that the plates are still countable, and the agar media has not dried up/become dehydrated.
Each plate is counted. Plates with >300 colonies are deemed as TNTC (Too Numerous to Count). All plates with counts between 0 and 300 will be used in calculations.
Calculations/Determination of the Log10 Reductions of Organisms on Fabric Test Carriers
The instructions for determining the recovery of organism on each fabric test carrier is being taken from the latest revision of the AOAC Use Dilution Test Method for Staphylococcus aureus. This method, 955.15, was revised by the AOAC in January 2013. This calculation uses plate counts from 0 to 300 and takes into consideration the dilutions from which the recovery/counts were obtained and the volume of subculture.
For this example, if the Mean Log10 Density of the Water Control for Staphylococcus aureus was 6.65, then the Log10 Reduction for Test Substance A against Staphylococcus aureus would be:
6.65−4.38=2.27 Log10 Reduction or Removal
Acceptance Criteria
This would meet the acceptance criteria of 1.0 Log10 reduction of organism as compared to the water control. This reduction demonstrates that the product removes bacteria.
Determining the Number of Organisms Surviving in the Test or Substance Dilution Water (Test and Control)
Results:
Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC6538
Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC6538
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538:
Lower numbers in the Average Recovery on Swatch column and higher numbers in the Log10 Reduction column indicate that more bacteria have been removed. As can be seen, the present formulations produce larger bacterial reduction than any commercially available formulation.
The ASTM D4265-14 method for evaluating stain removal was used for a range of 22 stains. Exemplary stains include but are not limited to Oxidative/Bleachable, Particulate, Greasy, and Enzymatic. Bleachable stains include but are not limited to coffee, wine, tea, grape juice, blueberry juice, ink, ketchup, spaghetti sauce, mustard, beet juice, and soy sauce. Particulate stains include but are not limited to sebum, clay, and liquid makeup. Greasy stains include but are not limited to beef gravy, hamburger, grease, dirty motor oil, bacon grease, vegetable oil, French fry grease, and butter. Enzymatic stains include but are not limited to chocolate sauce, ASTM grass, and blood. As shown in
Based on the stain performance method outlined in ASTM D4265-14, results should not be compared across studies due to variation in the test input parameters as conditions cannot be controlled to a level to allow relevant conclusions to be drawn between tests. All data shown in examples for stain performance correspond to single studies with multiple sample legs.
N samples of E98 and C1 were supplied to consumers in October 2019 for use at home. After using the products, consumer indicated whether they agreed with the following statement on a scale of 1-5, with 5 being Strongly Agree. The results are provided in Table 26.
As can be seen, consumers found E98 to be more effective at killing germs than C1 and on par with C1 for cleaning efficacy.
It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments. Those skilled in art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.
This application is a continuation-in part of PCT application no. PCT/GB2020/051241, filed 21 May 2020, which claims priority to U.S. provisional application No. 62/851,315, filed 22 May 2019, now expired.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62851315 | May 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/GB2020/051241 | May 2020 | US |
| Child | 17519806 | US |
