Patent Grant
9807722
The present application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/914,585 filed on Oct. 28, 2010, entitled “SECTORIZATION IN DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS, AND RELATED COMPONENTS AND METHODS,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,548,330, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Field of the Disclosure
The technology of the disclosure relates to determining propagation delay in distributed radio frequency (RF) communications signals communicated over optical fiber in distributed antenna systems.
Technical Background
Wireless communication is rapidly growing, with ever-increasing demands for high-speed mobile data communication. As an example, so-called “wireless fidelity” or “WiFi” systems and wireless local area networks (WLANs) are being deployed in many different types of areas (e.g., coffee shops, airports, libraries, etc.). Distributed antenna systems communicate with wireless devices called “clients” (e.g., for WiFi services) or “user equipment” (e.g., for cellular services) which must reside within the wireless range or “cell coverage area” in order to communicate with an access point device.
One approach to deploying a distributed antenna system involves the use of radio frequency (RF) antenna coverage areas, also referred to as “antenna coverage areas.” Antenna coverage areas can have a radius in the range from a few meters up to twenty meters as an example. Combining a number of access point devices creates an array of antenna coverage areas. Because the antenna coverage areas each cover small areas, there are typically only a few users (clients) per antenna coverage area. This allows for minimizing the amount of RF bandwidth shared among the wireless system users. It may be desirable to provide antenna coverage areas in a building or other facility to provide distributed antenna system access to clients within the building or facility. However, it may be desirable to employ optical fiber to distribute communications signals. Benefits of optical fiber include increased bandwidth.
One type of distributed antenna system for creating antenna coverage areas, called “Radio-over-Fiber” or “RoF,” utilizes RF signals sent over optical fibers. Such systems can include head-end equipment optically coupled to a plurality of remote antenna units that each provides antenna coverage areas. The remote antenna units can each include RF transceivers coupled to an antenna to transmit RF signals wirelessly, wherein the remote antenna units are coupled to the head-end equipment via optical fiber links. The RF transceivers in the remote antenna units are transparent to the RF signals. The remote antenna units convert incoming optical RF signals from an optical fiber downlink to electrical RF signals via optical-to-electrical (O/E) converters, which are then passed to the RF transceiver. The RF transceiver converts the electrical RF signals to electromagnetic signals via antennas coupled to the RF transceiver provided in the remote antenna units. The antennas also receive electromagnetic signals (i.e., electromagnetic radiation) from clients in the antenna coverage area and convert them to electrical RF signals (i.e., electrical RF signals in wire). The remote antenna units then convert the electrical RF signals to optical RF signals via electrical-to-optical (E/O) converters. The optical RF signals are then sent over an optical fiber uplink to the head-end equipment.
It may be desired to provide such optical fiber-based distributed communications systems indoors, such as inside a building or other facility, to provide indoor wireless communication for clients. Otherwise, wireless reception may be poor or not possible for wireless communication clients located inside the building. In this regard, the remote antenna units can be distributed throughout locations inside a building to extend wireless communication coverage throughout the building. However, other services may be affected. For example, cellular communications protocols may be based on time based protocols. However, distributing cellular communications to remote antenna units inside a building or other environment can increase delay or introduce path dependent variability of observed delays due to the propagation delay of the communications signals being distributed to the remote antenna units and responses received at the remote antenna units being distributed back to head-end equipment. If the delay(s) exceeds a certain level, the bandwidth of the communications system may be reduced. Other undesired effects can also result from delay exceeding certain levels, including interference. As another example, providing localization services for a client, such as emergency 911 (E911) services, may be determined or calculated based on over-the-air delay between communications from a client and a communications tower. However, if the client is communicating over a distributed antenna system, the propagation delay of the distributed antenna system increases the delay thus possibly resulting in an incorrect determination of a location of the client.
Delay can be compensated for in a cellular communications system, but the cellular communications system may be unaware of indoor distributed antenna systems that increase the delay as a result of propagation delay. Also, a cellular communications system may provide for the ability to set a flag or other indicator to indicate that distributed antenna systems are present in coverage areas for communications antennas or towers. However, this setting may only provide for the ability of the cellular communications system to approximate additional propagation delay present which may not be accurate.
Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description include components, systems, and methods for determining propagation delay of communications in distributed antenna systems. The propagation delay of communications signals distributed in the distributed antenna systems is determined. If desired, the propagation delay(s) can be determined on a per remote antenna unit basis for the distributed antenna systems. The propagation delay(s) can be provided by the distributed antenna systems to a network or other system to be taken into consideration for communications services or operations that are based on communications signal delay. Delay based operations may be made more effective, efficient, and/or accurate by knowing the propagation delay experienced in a distributed antenna system.
As a non-limiting example, the determined propagation delay(s) can be to be taken into consideration for communications services or operations that are based on communications signal delay. As another non-limiting example, the propagation delay(s) may be associated with communication antennas or towers that are mapped and stored in a database(s) to be used for communications services or operations based on communications signal delay. As another non-limiting example, the arrangement of the base station, repeaters, or communication towers in a network may be repositioned based on the determined propagation delay. As another non-limiting example, propagation delay can be determined and controlled for each remote antenna unit to be uniquely distinguish the remote antenna units. In this manner, the location of a client device communicating with a remote antenna unit can be determined within the communication range of the remote antenna unit.
In this regard, in one embodiment, a distributed antenna system is provided. The system comprises at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) interface configured to receive downlink RF signals and distribute the downlink RF signals over at least one downlink communications medium to one or more remote antenna units (RAUs). This system also comprises at least one uplink RF interface configured to receive uplink RF signals over at least one uplink communications medium from the one or more RAUs. This system also comprises at least one propagation delay measurement circuit communicatively coupled to the at least one downlink RF interface and the at least one uplink RF interface and configured to measure propagation delay between the distribution of the downlink RF signals by the at least one downlink RF interface and the receipt of the downlink RF signals as uplink RF signals by the at least one uplink RF interface. This system also comprises a controller communicatively coupled to the at least one propagation delay measurement circuit. This controller is configured to communicate to an RAU among the one or more RAUs to return received downlink RF signals as uplink RF signals to the at least one uplink RF interface. This controller is also configured to activate the at least one downlink RF interface to distribute the received downlink RF signals to the RAU among the one or more RAUs. This controller is also configured to determine the propagation delay as a function of delay between the at least one downlink RF interface and the RAU among the one or more RAUs, and as a function of delay between the RAU among the one or more RAUs and the at least one uplink RF interface from the at least one propagation delay measurement circuit.
In another embodiment, a method of determining propagation delay in a distributed antenna system is provided. This method includes communicating to a remote antenna unit (RAU) among one or more RAUs to return received downlink radio frequency (RF) signals from at least one downlink RF interface as uplink RF signals to at least one uplink RF interface. The method also includes activating the at least one downlink RF interface to distribute the received downlink RF signals to the RAU among the one or more RAUs. This method also includes distributing the downlink RF signals to the RAU among the one or more RAUs over at least one downlink communications medium. This method also includes receiving the distributed downlink RF signals as the uplink RF signals from the RAU among the one or more RAUs over at least one uplink communications medium. This method also includes determining propagation delay using at least one propagation delay measurement circuit as a function of delay between the at least one downlink RF interface and the RAU among the one or more RAUs, and as a function of delay between the RAU among the one or more RAUs and the at least one uplink RF interface.
As a non-limiting example, the distributed antenna system may be an optical fiber-based distributed antenna system, but such is not required. The embodiments disclosed herein are also applicable to other distributed antenna systems, including those that include other forms of communications media for distribution of communications signals, including electrical conductors and wireless transmission. The embodiments disclosed herein may also be applicable to distributed antenna system may also include more than one communications media for distribution of communications signals.
Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the detailed description that follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.
The drawings illustrate various embodiments, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operation of the concepts disclosed.
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments are shown. Indeed, the concepts may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limiting herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Whenever possible, like reference numbers will be used to refer to like components or parts.
Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description include components, systems, and methods for determining propagation delay of communications in distributed antenna systems. The propagation delay of communications signals distributed in the distributed antenna systems is determined. If desired, the propagation delay(s) can be determined on a per remote antenna unit basis for the distributed antenna systems. The propagation delay(s) can be provided by the distributed antenna systems to a network or other system to be taken into consideration for communications services or operations that are based on communications signal delay. Delay based operations may be made more effective, efficient, and/or accurate by knowing the propagation delay experienced in a distributed antenna system.
As a non-limiting example, the determined propagation delay(s) can be to be taken into consideration for communications services or operations that are based on communications signal delay. As another non-limiting example, the propagation delay(s) may be associated with communication antennas or towers that are mapped and stored in a database(s) to be used for communications services or operations based on communications signal delay. As another non-limiting example, the arrangement of the base station, repeaters, or communication towers in a network may be repositioned based on the determined propagation delay. As another non-limiting example, propagation delay can be determined and controlled for each remote antenna unit to be uniquely distinguish the remote antenna units. In this manner, the location of a client device communicating with a remote antenna unit can be determined within the communication range of the remote antenna unit.
Before discussing examples of distributed antenna systems that determine propagation delay of communications signals distributed within the distributed antenna systems, exemplary distributed antenna systems capable of distributing communications signals to distributed or remote antenna units is first described with regard to
In this regard,
One downlink optical fiber 16D and one uplink optical fiber 16U could be provided to support multiple channels each using wave-division multiplexing (WDM), as discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424 entitled “Providing Digital Data Services in Optical Fiber-based Distributed Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Systems, And Related Components and Methods,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Other options for WDM and frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424, any of which can be employed in any of the embodiments disclosed herein. Further, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424 also discloses distributed digital data communications signals in a distributed antenna system which may also be distributed in the optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 10 either in conjunction with RF communications signals or not.
The optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 10 has an antenna coverage area 20 that can be disposed about the RAU 14. The antenna coverage area 20 of the RAU 14 forms an RF coverage area 21. The HEE 12 is adapted to perform or to facilitate any one of a number of Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) applications, such as RF identification (RFID), wireless local-area network (WLAN) communication, or cellular phone service. Shown within the antenna coverage area 20 is a client device 24 in the form of a mobile device as an example, which may be a cellular telephone as an example. The client device 24 can be any device that is capable of receiving RF communications signals. The client device 24 includes an antenna 26 (e.g., a wireless card) adapted to receive and/or send electromagnetic RF signals.
With continuing reference to
Similarly, the antenna 32 is also configured to receive wireless RF communications from client devices 24 in the antenna coverage area 20. In this regard, the antenna 32 receives wireless RF communications from client devices 24 and communicates electrical RF signals representing the wireless RF communications to an E/O converter 34 in the RAU 14. The E/O converter 34 converts the electrical RF signals into uplink optical RF signals 22U to be communicated over the uplink optical fiber 16U. An O/E converter 36 provided in the HEE 12 converts the uplink optical RF signals 22U into uplink electrical RF signals, which can then be communicated as uplink electrical RF signals 18U back to a network or other source. The HEE 12 in this embodiment is not able to distinguish the location of the client devices 24 in this embodiment. The client device 24 could be in the range of any antenna coverage area 20 formed by an RAU 14.
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the service unit 37 in the HEE 12 can include an RF signal conditioner unit 40 for conditioning the downlink electrical RF signals 18D and the uplink electrical RF signals 18U, respectively. The service unit 37 can include a digital signal processing unit (“digital signal processor”) 42 for providing to the RF signal conditioner unit 40 an electrical signal that is modulated onto an RF carrier to generate a desired downlink electrical RF signal 18D. The digital signal processor 42 is also configured to process a demodulation signal provided by the demodulation of the uplink electrical RF signal 18U by the RF signal conditioner unit 40. The HEE 12 can also include an optional central processing unit (CPU) 44 for processing data and otherwise performing logic and computing operations, and a memory unit 46 for storing data, such as data to be transmitted over a WLAN or other network for example.
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
To provide further exemplary illustration of how an optical fiber-based distributed antenna system can be deployed indoors,
With continuing reference to
The main cable 82 enables multiple optical fiber cables 86 to be distributed throughout the building infrastructure 70 (e.g., fixed to the ceilings or other support surfaces of each floor 72, 74, 76) to provide the antenna coverage areas 80 for the first, second, and third floors 72, 74, and 76. In an example embodiment, the HEE 12 is located within the building infrastructure 70 (e.g., in a closet or control room), while in another example embodiment, the HEE 12 may be located outside of the building infrastructure 70 at a remote location. A base transceiver station (BTS) 88, which may be provided by a second party such as a cellular service provider, is connected to the HEE 12, and can be co-located or located remotely from the HEE 12. A BTS is any station or signal source that provides an input signal to the HEE 12 and can receive a return signal from the HEE 12. In a typical cellular system, for example, a plurality of BTSs are deployed at a plurality of remote locations to provide wireless telephone coverage. Each BTS serves a corresponding cell and when a mobile client device enters the cell, the BTS communicates with the mobile client device. Each BTS can include at least one radio transceiver for enabling communication with one or more subscriber units operating within the associated cell. As another example, wireless repeaters or bi-directional amplifiers could also be used to serve a corresponding cell in lieu of a BTS. Alternatively, radio input could be provided by a repeater, picocell or femtocell as other examples.
The optical fiber-based distributed antenna system 10 in
The HEE 12 may be configured to support any frequencies desired, including but not limited to US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (824-849 MHz on uplink and 869-894 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1850-1915 MHz on uplink and 1930-1995 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1710-1755 MHz on uplink and 2110-2155 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (698-716 MHz and 776-787 MHz on uplink and 728-746 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (880-915 MHz on uplink and 925-960 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1710-1785 MHz on uplink and 1805-1880 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1920-1980 MHz on uplink and 2110-2170 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (806-824 MHz on uplink and 851-869 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (896-901 MHz on uplink and 929-941 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (793-805 MHz on uplink and 763-775 MHz on downlink), and US FCC frequencies (2495-2690 MHz on uplink and downlink).
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
Each RIM 122(1)-122(M) can be designed to support a particular type of radio source or range of radio sources (i.e., frequencies) to provide flexibility in configuring the HEE 124 and the distributed antenna system 120 to support the desired radio sources. For example, one RIM 122 may be configured to support the Personal Communication Services (PCS) radio band. Another RIM 122 may be configured to support the 700 MHz radio band. In this example, by inclusion of these RIMs 122, the HEE 124 would be configured to support and distribute RF communications signals on both PCS and LTE 700 radio bands. RIMs 122 may be provided in the HEE 124 that support any frequency bands desired, including but not limited to the US Cellular band, Personal Communication Services (PCS) band, Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) band, 700 MHz band, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) 900, GSM 1800, and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). RIMs 122 may be provided in the HEE 124 that support any wireless technologies desired, including but not limited to Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), CDMA200, 1×RTT, Evolution—Data Only (EV-DO), UMTS, High-speed Packet Access (HSPA), GSM, General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), iDEN, and Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD).
RIMs 122 may be provided in the HEE 124 that support any frequencies desired, including but not limited to US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (824-849 MHz on uplink and 869-894 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1850-1915 MHz on uplink and 1930-1995 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1710-1755 MHz on uplink and 2110-2155 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (698-716 MHz and 776-787 MHz on uplink and 728-746 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (880-915 MHz on uplink and 925-960 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1710-1785 MHz on uplink and 1805-1880 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1920-1980 MHz on uplink and 2110-2170 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (806-824 MHz on uplink and 851-869 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (896-901 MHz on uplink and 929-941 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (793-805 MHz on uplink and 763-775 MHz on downlink), and US FCC frequencies (2495-2690 MHz on uplink and downlink).
The downlink electrical RF communications signals 126D(1)-126D(R) are provided to a plurality of optical interfaces provided in the form of optical interface modules (OIMs) 128(1)-128(N) in this embodiment to convert the downlink electrical RF communications signals 126D(1)-126D(N) into downlink optical RF signals 130D(1)-130D(R). The notation “1-N” indicates that any number of the referenced component 1-N may be provided. The OIMs 128 may be configured to provide one or more optical interface components (OICs) that contain O/E and E/O converters, as will be described in more detail below. The OIMs 128 support the radio bands that can be provided by the RIMs 122, including the examples previously described above. Thus, in this embodiment, the OIMs 128 may support a radio band range from 400 MHz to 2700 MHz, as an example, so providing different types or models of OIMs 128 for narrower radio bands to support possibilities for different radio band-supported RIMs 122 provided in the HEE 124 is not required. Further, as an example, the OIMs 128 may be optimized for sub-bands within the 400 MHz to 2700 MHz frequency range, such as 400-700 MHz, 700 MHz-1 GHz, 1 GHz-1.6 GHz, and 1.6 GHz-2.7 GHz, as examples.
The OIMs 128(1)-128(N) each include E/O converters to convert the downlink electrical RF communications signals 126D(1)-126D(R) to downlink optical RF signals 130D(1)-130D(R). The downlink optical RF signals 130D(1)-130D(R) are communicated over downlink optical fiber(s) 133D to a plurality of RAUs 132(1)-132(P). The notation “1-P” indicates that any number of the referenced component 1-P may be provided. O/E converters provided in the RAUs 132(1)-132(P) convert the downlink optical RF signals 130D(1)-130D(R) back into downlink electrical RF communications signals 126D(1)-126D(R), which are provided over downlinks 134(1)-134(P) coupled to antennas 136(1)-136(P) in the RAUs 132(1)-132(P) to client devices in the reception range of the antennas 136(1)-136(P).
E/O converters are also provided in the RAUs 132(1)-132(P) to convert uplink electrical RF communications signals 126U(1)-126U(R) received from client devices through the antennas 136(1)-136(P) into uplink optical RF signals 138U(1)-138U(R) to be communicated over uplink optical fibers 133U to the OIMs 128(1)-128(N). The OIMs 128(1)-128(N) include O/E converters that convert the uplink optical signals 138U(1)-138U(R) into uplink electrical RF communications signals 140U(1)-140U(R) that are processed by the RIMs 122(1)-122(M) and provided as uplink electrical RF communications signals 142U(1)-142U(R). Downlink electrical digital signals 143D(1)-143D(P) communicated over downlink electrical medium or media (hereinafter “medium”) 145D(1)-145D(P) are provided to the RAUs 132(1)-132(P), such as from a digital data services (DDS) controller and/or DDS switch as provided by example in
As discussed above with regard to
Propagation delay can be compensated for in a cellular communications system, but the cellular communications system may be unaware of distributed antenna systems that will increase the propagation delay. Delay can be compensated for in a cellular communications system, but the cellular communications system may be unaware of indoor distributed antenna systems that increase delay as a result of propagation delay. Also, a cellular communications system may provide for the ability to set a flag or other indicator to indicate that distributed antenna systems are present in coverage areas for communications antenna or towers. However, this setting may only provide for the ability of the cellular communications system to approximate additional propagation delay present which may not be accurate.
In this regard, embodiments disclosed below include components, systems, and methods for determining propagation delay of communications in distributed antenna systems. Such distributed antenna systems may be any of the distributed antenna systems 10, 120 described above as non-limiting examples. Another example of a distributed antenna system 150 is provided in
With continuing reference to
The downlink and uplink communications medium 164D, 164U may be any medium, including but not limited to electrical conductor, optical fiber, and air (i.e., wireless transmission). Propagation delay D3 is shown between the HEE 160 and the RAUs 162(1)-162(P) to signify the propagation delay therebetween. Propagation delay D3 comprises propagation delay D3′ present in the distribution of the downlink and uplink communications signals 156D(1)-156D(P), 156U(1)-156U(P) in the HEE 160 and propagation delay D3″ present over the downlink and uplink communications medium 164D, 164U. The downlink and uplink communications medium 164D, 164U may comprise 1-P individual lines dedicated to each RAU 162(1)-162(P), or single lines whereby the downlink and uplink communications signals 156D(1)-156D(P), 156U(1)-156U(P) are multiplexed on the single lines. If the downlink and uplink communications medium 164D, 164U is optical fiber, WDM may be employed as an example. If the downlink and uplink communications medium 164D, 164U is electrical conductors or air (i.e., wireless transmission), FDM may be employed as an example.
With continuing reference to
Thus, the total propagation delay from the network management equipment 152 to the antennas 166(1)-166(P) for downlink communications is D1+D2+D3+D4. The round trip delay from the network management equipment 152 to the antennas 166(1)-166(P) and back for downlink and uplink communications is 2*(D1+D2+D3+D4). The network management equipment 152 may be aware of propagation delays D1 and D2 depending on configuration. However, the network management equipment 152 may be unaware of propagation delays D3 and D4 due to the distributed antenna system 150. Or, the network management equipment 152 may be aware of propagation delays D3 and D4, but such delays are assumed as constant delays, which may not be the actual propagation delays and thus may be inaccurate.
In the example of an optical fiber communication medium, the optical fiber distance is equal to the product of velocity (i.e., speed of light) and time (i.e., propagation delay). Transmission in optical fiber experiences an approximately five (5) nanosecond (ns) delay per meter, since light travels about half the speed of light compared to an RF transmission over the air. This distance can be used to approximate the location of the RAUs 162(1)-162(P) if the coordinates of the HEE 160 are known in this example. Both the HEE 160 coordinates and the propagation delay can be used to calculate the location of the client device 24 in a distributed antenna system using a triangulation and time of flight approach as an example.
In this regard, in embodiments discussed, the propagation delay of communications signals distributed in the distributed antenna systems is determined. As a non-limiting example, the propagation delays D3 and/or D4 may be determined in the distributed antenna system 150 of
Further, as an example, the propagation delay D3 in the distributed antenna system 150 in
In other embodiments, a signal used for determining the location of client devices 24 (also referred to herein as “tracking signal”), and which may also be referred to as a pilot signal, beacon signal, or pilot beacon signal, is distributed by the HEE 160 to one or more tracking RAUs 170(1)-170(Q) in the distributed antenna system 150. The notation “1-Q” is to signify that any number of tracking RAUs desired may be provided in the distributed antenna system 150. Determined propagation delay can be associated with a particular client device 24 based on a determination of which tracking RAU 170(1)-170(Q) the client device 24 is most closely located. For example, signal strength may be used to determine which tracking RAU 170(1)-170(Q) the client device 24 is most closely located. One or more tracking signals TS(1)-TS(V) may be generated by a tracking signal generator 172 or pilot or beacon generator as examples. The notation “1-V” indicates that any number of tracking signals may be generated. The tracking signals TS(1)-TS(V) may be unique signals that can be associated with a particular location or zone in the optical fiber-based distributed antenna system. For example, in a code division multiple access (CDMA) network, cell identification is included in a channel separate from communications traffic that can be used as the tracking signals TS(1)-TS(V). In this manner, the tracking signals TS(1)-TS(V) are radiated through downlink communications medium 173D(1)-173D(U) to antennas 174(1)-174(Q) associated with the tracking RAUs 170(1)-170(Q) to be communicated to client devices 24 within range of the antenna coverage area formed by the tracking RAUs 170(1)-170(Q). The notation “1-U” indicates that any number of downlink communications medium may be generated.
When the client device 24 wirelessly receives a tracking signal TS(1)-TS(V), the client device 24 communicates its identification information and identification of the tracking signal TS(1)-TS(V) back to one of the antennas 166(1)-166(P) and through the uplink communications medium 164U to the RAUs 162(1)-162(P) to be communicated back to the HEE 160. The HEE 160 can provide this information to a network or carrier. In this manner, the client device identification information and identification of the tracking signal TS(1)-TS(V) can be associated with the location of a particular RAU 162(1)-162(P) that received and transmitted the tracking signal TS(1)-TS(V) in the distributed antenna system 150 to provide or determine a location of the client device 24.
In this regard,
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
As also illustrated in
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
With continuing reference to
Any type of propagation delay measurement circuit may be employed for the propagation delay measurement circuits 192(1)-192(M) in the HEE 160 in
With continuing reference to
The determined propagation delay may depend on the edge detect latencies of the downlink communications signal detector 225 and uplink communications signal detector 233 and the clock frequency of the clock signal 232 in the propagation delay measurement circuits 192A-192E. If the detectors 225, 232 have fixed latency, this fixed latency can be calculated and removed from the determined propagation delay. If one assumes a purely random nature of latency, one can express the standard deviation of latency delay.
For example, if the clock period of the clock signal 232 is 1 nanosecond (ns), and the transmit edge (tx_edge) and receive edge (rx_edge) detection delay of the detectors 225, 233 is a standard deviation of 2 ns, the final measurement standard deviation is 2.88 ns. Using 2 ns clock periods in the clock signal 232 would produce standard deviation of 3.05 ns. If one were to use a ten (10) measurement sample, the overall standard deviation is reduced to less than approximately 1 ns. Inherent resolution of a single measurement is defined by a clock period, (1 or 2 ns). Resolution can be improved by taking more samples. Translated into optical fiber length, one could estimate less than 1 meter (m) resolution.
It may be desired to only determine the propagation delay D3″ of the downlink and uplink communications medium 164D, 164U in the distributed antenna system 150 in
Variations in propagation delays in a downlink and/or uplink communications medium as a result of variations in length variations in placement of RAUs may not be distinguishable, or may not be distinguishable for all RAUs. Also, it may be desired to equalize propagation delay caused by variations in propagation delays in a downlink and uplink communications medium, such as by result of variations in length variations in placement of RAUs. In this regard,
With continuing reference to
The exemplary computer system 240 of the HEC 199 in this embodiment includes a processing device or processor 242, a main memory 244 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), etc.), and a static memory 246 (e.g., flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM), etc.), which may communicate with each other via the data bus 236. Alternatively, the processing device 242 may be connected to the main memory 244 and/or static memory 246 directly or via some other connectivity means. The processing device 242 may be a controller, and the main memory 244 or static memory 246 may be any type of memory, each of which can be included in the HEE 160.
The processing device 242 represents one or more general-purpose processing devices such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. More particularly, the processing device 242 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, a processor implementing other instruction sets, or processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. The processing device 242 is configured to execute processing logic in instructions 248 for performing the operations and steps discussed herein.
The computer system 240 may further include a network interface device 250. The computer system 240 also may or may not include an input 252 to receive input and selections to be communicated to the computer system 240 when executing instructions. The computer system 240 also may or may not include an output 254, including but not limited to a display, a video display unit (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device (e.g., a keyboard), and/or a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse).
The computer system 240 may or may not include a data storage device that includes instructions 256 stored in a computer-readable medium 258 embodying any one or more of the propagation delay measurement methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 256 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 244 and/or within the processing device 242 during execution thereof by the computer system 240, the main memory 244 and the processing device 242 also constituting computer-readable medium. The instructions 256 may further be transmitted or received over a network 260 via the network interface device 250.
While the computer-readable medium 258 is shown in an exemplary embodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the processing device and that cause the processing device to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the embodiments disclosed herein. The term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic medium, and carrier wave signals.
The embodiments disclosed herein include various steps. The steps of the embodiments disclosed herein may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the steps. Alternatively, the steps may be performed by a combination of hardware and software.
The embodiments disclosed herein may be provided as a computer program product, or software, that may include a machine-readable medium (or computer-readable medium) having stored thereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (or other electronic devices) to perform a process according to the embodiments disclosed herein. A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., read only memory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), magnetic disk storage medium, optical storage medium, flash memory devices, etc.), a machine-readable transmission medium (electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.)), etc.
Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the previous discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “determining,” “displaying,” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatuses to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description above. In addition, the embodiments described herein are not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the embodiments as described herein.
Those of skill in the art would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithms described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, instructions stored in memory or in another computer-readable medium and executed by a processor or other processing device, or combinations of both. The components of the distributed antenna systems described herein may be employed in any circuit, hardware component, integrated circuit (IC), or IC chip, as examples. Memory disclosed herein may be any type and size of memory and may be configured to store any type of information desired. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. How such functionality is implemented depends upon the particular application, design choices, and/or design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present embodiments.
The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A controller may be a processor. A processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in hardware and in instructions that are stored in hardware, and may reside, for example, in Random Access Memory (RAM), flash memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of computer-readable medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a remote station. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a remote station, base station, or server.
It is also noted that the operational steps described in any of the exemplary embodiments herein are described to provide examples and discussion. The operations described may be performed in numerous different sequences other than the illustrated sequences. Furthermore, operations described in a single operational step may actually be performed in a number of different steps. Additionally, one or more operational steps discussed in the exemplary embodiments may be combined. It is to be understood that the operational steps illustrated in the flow chart diagrams may be subject to numerous different modifications as will be readily apparent to one of skill in the art. Those of skill in the art would also understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
Further, as used herein, it is intended that terms “fiber optic cables” and/or “optical fibers” include all types of single mode and multi-mode light waveguides, including one or more optical fibers that may be upcoated, colored, buffered, ribbonized and/or have other organizing or protective structure in a cable such as one or more tubes, strength members, jackets or the like. The optical fibers disclosed herein can be single mode or multi-mode optical fibers. Likewise, other types of suitable optical fibers include bend-insensitive optical fibers, or any other expedient of a medium for transmitting light signals. An example of a bend-insensitive, or bend resistant, optical fiber is ClearCurve® Multimode fiber commercially available from Corning Incorporated. Suitable fibers of this type are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2008/0166094, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,787,731, and 2009/0169163, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the embodiments set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which the embodiments pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. For example, the distributed antenna systems could include any type or number of communications mediums, including but not limited to electrical conductors, optical fiber, and air (i.e., wireless transmission). The distributed antenna systems may distribute any type of communications signals, including but not limited to RF communications signals and digital data communications signals, examples of which are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424 entitled “Providing Digital Data Services in Optical Fiber-based Distributed Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Systems, And Related Components and Methods,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Multiplexing, such as WDM and/or FDM, may be employed in any of the distributed antenna systems described herein, such as according to the examples provided in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424.
Therefore, it is to be understood that the description and claims are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. It is intended that the embodiments cover the modifications and variations of the embodiments provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
This application is a continuation application of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/936,007 filed on Nov. 9, 2015, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,369,222, which is a continuation application of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/062,289 filed on Oct. 24, 2013, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,184,843, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §365 of International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US12/34853 filed on Apr. 25, 2012 designating the United States of America, which in turn claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/480,700 filed on Apr. 29, 2011, the contents of which are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4365865 | Stiles | Dec 1982 | A |
| 4449246 | Seiler et al. | May 1984 | A |
| 4573212 | Lipsky | Feb 1986 | A |
| 4665560 | Lange | May 1987 | A |
| 4867527 | Dotti et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4889977 | Haydon | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4896939 | O'Brien | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4916460 | Powell | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4939852 | Brenner | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4972346 | Kawano et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 5039195 | Jenkins et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5042086 | Cole et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5056109 | Gilhousen et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5059927 | Cohen | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5125060 | Edmundson | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5187803 | Sohner et al. | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5189718 | Barrett et al. | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5189719 | Coleman et al. | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5206655 | Caille et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5208812 | Dudek et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5210812 | Nilsson et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5260957 | Hakimi | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5263108 | Kurokawa et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5267122 | Glover et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5268971 | Nilsson et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5278690 | Vella-Coleiro | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5278989 | Burke et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5280472 | Gilhousen et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5297225 | Snow et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5299947 | Barnard | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5301056 | O'Neill | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5325223 | Bears | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5339058 | Lique | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5339184 | Tang | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5343320 | Anderson | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5377035 | Wang et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5379455 | Koschek | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5381459 | Lappington | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5396224 | Dukes et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5400391 | Emura et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5420863 | Taketsugu et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5424864 | Emura | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5444564 | Newberg | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5457557 | Zarem et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5459727 | Vannucci | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5469523 | Blew et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5519830 | Opoczynski | May 1996 | A |
| 5543000 | Lique | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5546443 | Raith | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5557698 | Gareis et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5574815 | Kneeland | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5598288 | Collar | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5606725 | Hart | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5615034 | Hori | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5627879 | Russell et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5640678 | Ishikawa et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5642405 | Fischer et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5644622 | Russell et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5648961 | Ebihara | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5651081 | Blew et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5657374 | Russell et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5668562 | Cutrer et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5677974 | Elms et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5682256 | Motley et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5694232 | Parsay et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5703602 | Casebolt | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5708681 | Malkemes et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5726984 | Kubler et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5765099 | Georges et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5790536 | Mahany et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5790606 | Dent | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5793772 | Burke et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5802173 | Hamilton-Piercy et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5802473 | Rutledge et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5805975 | Green, Sr. et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5805983 | Naidu | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5809395 | Hamilton-Piercy et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5809431 | Bustamante et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5812296 | Tarusawa et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5818619 | Medved et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5818883 | Smith et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5821510 | Cohen et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825651 | Gupta et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5838474 | Stilling | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5839052 | Dean et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5852651 | Fischer et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5854986 | Dorren et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5859719 | Dentai et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5862460 | Rich | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5867485 | Chambers et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5867763 | Dean et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5875211 | Cooper | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5881200 | Burt | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5883882 | Schwartz | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5896568 | Tseng et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5903834 | Wallstedt et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5910776 | Black | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5913003 | Arroyo et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5917636 | Wake et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5930682 | Schwartz et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5936754 | Ariyavisitakul et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943372 | Gans et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5946622 | Bojeryd | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5949564 | Wake | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5953670 | Newson | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5959531 | Gallagher, III et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5960344 | Mahany | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5969837 | Farber et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5983070 | Georges et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987303 | Dutta et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6005884 | Cook et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6006069 | Langston et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6006105 | Rostoker et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6011980 | Nagano et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6014546 | Georges et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6016426 | Bodell | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6023625 | Myers, Jr. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6037898 | Parish et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6061161 | Yang et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6069721 | Oh et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6088381 | Myers, Jr. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6118767 | Shen et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6122529 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6127917 | Tuttle | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6128470 | Naidu et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6128477 | Freed | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6148041 | Dent | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6150921 | Werb et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6157810 | Georges et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6192216 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6194968 | Winslow | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6212397 | Langston et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6222503 | Gietema | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6223201 | Reznak | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6232870 | Garber et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6236789 | Fitz | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6236863 | Waldroup et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6240274 | Izadpanah | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6246500 | Ackerman | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6268946 | Larkin et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6275990 | Dapper et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6279158 | Geile et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6286163 | Trimble | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6292673 | Maeda et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6295451 | Mimura | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6301240 | Slabinski et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6307869 | Pawelski | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6314163 | Acampora | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6317599 | Rappaport et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6323980 | Bloom | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6324391 | Bodell | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6330241 | Fort | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6330244 | Swartz et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6334219 | Hill et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6336021 | Nukada | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6336042 | Dawson et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6337754 | Imajo | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6340932 | Rodgers et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6353406 | Lanzl et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6353600 | Schwartz et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6359714 | Imajo | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6370203 | Boesch et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6374078 | Williams et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6374124 | Slabinski | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6389010 | Kubler et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6400318 | Kasami et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6400418 | Wakabayashi | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6404775 | Leslie et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6405018 | Reudink et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6405058 | Bobier | Jun 2002 | B2 |
| 6405308 | Gupta et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6414624 | Endo et al. | Jul 2002 | B2 |
| 6415132 | Sabat, Jr. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6421327 | Lundby et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6438301 | Johnson et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6438371 | Fujise et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6448558 | Greene | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6452915 | Jorgensen | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6459519 | Sasai et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6459989 | Kirkpatrick et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6477154 | Cheong et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6480702 | Sabat, Jr. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6486907 | Farber et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6496290 | Lee | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6501965 | Lucidarme | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6504636 | Seto et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6504831 | Greenwood et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6512478 | Chien | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6519395 | Bevan et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6519449 | Zhang et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6525855 | Westbrook et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6535330 | Lelic et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6535720 | Kintis et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6556551 | Schwartz | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6577794 | Currie et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6577801 | Broderick et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6580402 | Navarro et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6580905 | Naidu et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6580918 | Leickel et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6583763 | Judd | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6587514 | Wright et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6594496 | Schwartz | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6597325 | Judd et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6598009 | Yang | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6606430 | Bartur et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6615074 | Mickle et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6628732 | Takaki | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6634811 | Gertel et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6636747 | Harada et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6640103 | Inman et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6643437 | Park | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6652158 | Bartur et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6654590 | Boros et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6654616 | Pope, Jr. et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6657535 | Magbie et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6658269 | Golemon et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6665308 | Rakib et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6670930 | Navarro | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6674966 | Koonen | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6675294 | Gupta et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6678509 | Skarman et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6687437 | Starnes et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6690328 | Judd | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6701137 | Judd et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6704298 | Matsumiya et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6704545 | Wala | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6710366 | Lee et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6714800 | Johnson et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6731880 | Westbrook et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6745013 | Porter et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6758558 | Chiu et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6758913 | Tunney et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6763226 | McZeal, Jr. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6771862 | Karnik et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6771933 | Eng et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6784802 | Stanescu | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6785558 | Stratford et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6788666 | Linebarger et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6801767 | Schwartz et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6807374 | Imajo et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6812824 | Goldinger et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6812905 | Thomas et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6823174 | Masenten et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6826163 | Mani et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6826164 | Mani et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6826337 | Linnell | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6836660 | Wala | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6836673 | Trott | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6842433 | West et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6847856 | Bohannon | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6850510 | Kubler | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6865390 | Goss et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6871081 | Llewellyn et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6873823 | Hasarchi | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6876056 | Tilmans et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6879290 | Toutain et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6882311 | Walker et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6883710 | Chung | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6885344 | Mohamadi | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6885846 | Panasik et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6889060 | Fernando et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6901061 | Joo et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6909399 | Zegelin et al. | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6915058 | Pons | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6915529 | Suematsu et al. | Jul 2005 | B1 |
| 6919858 | Rofougaran | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6920330 | Caronni et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6924997 | Chen et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6930987 | Fukuda et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6931183 | Panak et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6931659 | Kinemura | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6931813 | Collie | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6933849 | Sawyer | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6934511 | Lovinggood et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6934541 | Miyatani | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6939222 | Grossjohann | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6941112 | Hasegawa | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6946989 | Vavik | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6961312 | Kubler et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6963289 | Aljadeff et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6963552 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6965718 | Koertel | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6967347 | Estes et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6968107 | Belardi et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6970652 | Zhang et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6973243 | Koyasu et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6974262 | Rickenbach | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 6977502 | Hertz | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 7002511 | Ammar et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7006465 | Toshimitsu et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7013087 | Suzuki et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7015826 | Chan et al. | Mar 2006 | B1 |
| 7020473 | Splett | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7020488 | Bleile et al. | Mar 2006 | B1 |
| 7024166 | Wallace | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7035512 | Van Bijsterveld | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7039399 | Fischer | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7043271 | Seto et al. | May 2006 | B1 |
| 7047028 | Cagenius et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7050017 | King et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7053838 | Judd | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7054513 | Herz et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7069577 | Geile et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7072586 | Aburakawa et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7082320 | Kattukaran et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7084769 | Bauer et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7093985 | Lord et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7103119 | Matsuoka et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7103377 | Bauman et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7106252 | Smith et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7106931 | Sutehall et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7110795 | Doi | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7114859 | Tuohimaa et al. | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7127175 | Mani et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7127176 | Sasaki | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7142503 | Grant et al. | Nov 2006 | B1 |
| 7142535 | Kubler et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7142619 | Sommer et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7146506 | Hannah et al. | Dec 2006 | B1 |
| 7160032 | Nagashima et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7171244 | Bauman | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7184728 | Solum | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7190748 | Kim et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7194023 | Norrell et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7199443 | Elsharawy | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7200305 | Dion et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7200391 | Chung et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7228072 | Mickelsson et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7254330 | Pratt et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7263293 | Ommodt et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7269311 | Kim et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7280011 | Bayar et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7286843 | Scheck | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7286854 | Ferrato et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7295119 | Rappaport et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7295777 | Britz et al. | Nov 2007 | B1 |
| 7310430 | Mallya et al. | Dec 2007 | B1 |
| 7313415 | Wake et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7315735 | Graham | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7324730 | Varkey et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7343164 | Kallstenius | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7348843 | Qiu et al. | Mar 2008 | B1 |
| 7349633 | Lee et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7359408 | Kim | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7359674 | Markki et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7366150 | Lee et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7366151 | Kubler et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7369526 | Lechleider et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7379669 | Kim | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7388892 | Nishiyama et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7392025 | Rooyen et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7392029 | Pronkine | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7394883 | Funakubo | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7403156 | Coppi et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7409159 | Izadpanah | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7412224 | Kotola et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7424228 | Williams et al. | Sep 2008 | B1 |
| 7444051 | Tatat et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7450853 | Kim et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7450854 | Lee et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7451365 | Wang et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7454222 | Huang et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7460507 | Kubler et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7460829 | Utsumi et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7460831 | Hasarchi | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7466925 | Iannelli | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7469105 | Wake et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7477597 | Segel | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7483504 | Shapira et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7483711 | Burchfiel | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7495560 | Easton et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7496070 | Vesuna | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7496384 | Seto et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7505747 | Solum | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7512419 | Solum | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7522552 | Fein et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7539509 | Bauman et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7542452 | Penumetsa | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7546138 | Bauman | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7548138 | Kamgaing | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7548695 | Wake | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7551641 | Pirzada et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7557758 | Rofougaran | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7565080 | Mickelsson et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7580384 | Kubler et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7586861 | Kubler et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7590354 | Sauer et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7593704 | Pinel et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7599420 | Forenza et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7599672 | Shoji et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7610046 | Wala | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7627250 | George et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7630690 | Kaewell, Jr. et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7633934 | Kubler et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7639982 | Wala | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7646743 | Kubler et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7646777 | Hicks, III et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7653397 | Pernu et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7668565 | Ylänen et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7672591 | Soto et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7675936 | Mizutani et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7688811 | Kubler et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7693486 | Kasslin et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7697467 | Kubler et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7697574 | Suematsu et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7715375 | Kubler et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7720510 | Pescod et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7751374 | Donovan | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7751838 | Ramesh et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7760703 | Kubler et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7761093 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7768951 | Kubler et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7773573 | Chung et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7778603 | Palin et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7787823 | George et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7805073 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7809012 | Ruuska et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7812766 | Leblanc et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7812775 | Babakhani et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7817969 | Castaneda et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7835328 | Stephens et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7848316 | Kubler et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7848770 | Scheinert | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7853234 | Afsahi | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7870321 | Rofougaran | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7880677 | Rofougaran et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7881755 | Mishra et al. | Feb 2011 | B1 |
| 7894423 | Kubler et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7899007 | Kubler et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7907972 | Walton et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7912043 | Kubler et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7912506 | Lovberg et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7916706 | Kubler et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7917177 | Bauman | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7920553 | Kubler et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7920858 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7924783 | Mahany et al. | Apr 2011 | B1 |
| 7936713 | Kubler et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7949364 | Kasslin et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7957777 | Vu et al. | Jun 2011 | B1 |
| 7962111 | Solum | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7969009 | Chandrasekaran | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7969911 | Mahany et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7990925 | Tinnakornsrisuphap et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 7996020 | Chhabra | Aug 2011 | B1 |
| 8018907 | Kubler et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8023886 | Rofougaran | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8027656 | Rofougaran et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8036308 | Rofougaran | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8073329 | Gao et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8082353 | Huber et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8086192 | Rofougaran et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8107815 | Akasaka et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8135102 | Wiwel et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8155525 | Cox | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8213401 | Fischer et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8223795 | Cox et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8228849 | Trachewsky | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8238463 | Arslan et al. | Aug 2012 | B1 |
| 8270387 | Cannon et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8275262 | Cui et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8280250 | Brodsky et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8280259 | George et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8290483 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8306563 | Zavadsky et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8346278 | Wala et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8351792 | Zheng | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8374508 | Soto et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8391256 | Beach | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8422883 | Yeh et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8428510 | Stratford et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8452178 | Gao et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8462683 | Uyehara et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8472409 | Sun et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8472579 | Uyehara et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8488966 | Zheng | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8509215 | Stuart | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8509850 | Zavadsky et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8526970 | Wala et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8532242 | Fischer et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8548330 | Berlin et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8626245 | Zavadksy et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8639121 | George et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8649684 | Casterline et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8676214 | Fischer et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8737454 | Wala et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8743718 | Grenier et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8743756 | Uyehara et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8780743 | Sombrutzki et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8792933 | Chen | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8837659 | Uyehara et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8837940 | Smith et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8873585 | Oren et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8929288 | Stewart et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 9107086 | Leimeister et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9112547 | Scheinert et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9306682 | Singh | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9525488 | Beamon et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9673904 | Palanisamy et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 20010036163 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010036199 | Terry | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20020003645 | Kim et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020009070 | Lindsay et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020012336 | Hughes et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020012495 | Sasai et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020016827 | McCabe et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020045518 | Dalebout et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020045519 | Watterson et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020048071 | Suzuki et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020051434 | Ozluturk et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020061763 | Weissman | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020075906 | Cole et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020092347 | Niekerk et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020097564 | Struhsaker et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020103012 | Kim et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020111149 | Shoki | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020111192 | Thomas et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020114038 | Arnon et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020123365 | Thorson et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020126967 | Panak et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020128009 | Boch et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020130778 | Nicholson | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020139064 | Norwood | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020181668 | Masoian et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020190845 | Moore | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020197984 | Monin et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030002604 | Fifield et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030007214 | Aburakawa et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030016418 | Westbrook et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030045284 | Copley et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030069922 | Arunachalam | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030078074 | Sesay et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030112826 | Ashwood Smith et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030126294 | Thorsteinson et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030141962 | Barink | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030161637 | Yamamoto et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030165287 | Krill et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030174099 | Bauer et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030209601 | Chung | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20040001719 | Sasaki | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040008114 | Sawyer | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040017785 | Zelst | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040037565 | Young et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040041714 | Forster | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040043764 | Bigham et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040047313 | Rumpf et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040078151 | Aljadeff et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040095907 | Agee et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040100930 | Shapira et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040106435 | Bauman et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040126068 | Van Bijsterveld | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040126107 | Jay et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040139477 | Russell et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040146020 | Kubler et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040149736 | Clothier | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040151164 | Kubler et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040151503 | Kashima et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040157623 | Splett | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040160912 | Kubler et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040160913 | Kubler et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040162084 | Wang | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040162115 | Smith et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040162116 | Han et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040165573 | Kubler et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040175173 | Deas | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040196404 | Loheit et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040202257 | Mehta et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040203703 | Fischer | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040203704 | Ommodt et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040203846 | Caronni et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040204109 | Hoppenstein | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040208526 | Mibu | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040208643 | Roberts et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040215723 | Chadha | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040218873 | Nagashima et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040233877 | Lee et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040240884 | Gumaste et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040258105 | Spathas et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040267971 | Seshadri | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050013612 | Yap | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050052287 | Whitesmith et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050058451 | Ross | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050058455 | Aronson et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050068179 | Roesner | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050076982 | Metcalf et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050078006 | Hutchins | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050093679 | Zai et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050099343 | Asrani et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050116821 | Wilsey et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050123232 | Piede et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050141545 | Fein et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050143077 | Charbonneau | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050147067 | Mani et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050147071 | Karaoguz et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050148306 | Hiddink | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050159108 | Fletcher | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050174236 | Brookner | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050176458 | Shklarsky et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050201323 | Mani et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050201761 | Bartur et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050219050 | Martin | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050224585 | Durrant et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050226625 | Wake et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050232636 | Durrant et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050242188 | Vesuna | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050252971 | Howarth et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050266797 | Utsumi et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050266854 | Niiho et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050269930 | Shimizu et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050271396 | Iannelli | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050272439 | Picciriello et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060002326 | Vesuna | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060014548 | Bolin | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060017633 | Pronkine | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060028352 | McNamara et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060045054 | Utsumi et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060045524 | Lee et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060045525 | Lee et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060053324 | Giat et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060056327 | Coersmeier | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060062579 | Kim et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060083512 | Wake | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060083520 | Healey et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060094470 | Wake et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060104643 | Lee et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060146755 | Pan et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060159388 | Kawase et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060172775 | Conyers et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060182446 | Kim et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060182449 | Iannelli et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060189354 | Lee et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060209745 | MacMullan et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060223439 | Pinel et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060233506 | Noonan et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060239630 | Hase et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060268738 | Goerke et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060274704 | Desai et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070009266 | Bothwell | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070050451 | Caspi et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070054682 | Fanning et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070058978 | Lee et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060045 | Prautzsch | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060055 | Desai et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070071128 | Meir et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070076649 | Lin et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070093273 | Cai | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070149250 | Crozzoli et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070166042 | Seeds et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070173288 | Skarby et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070174889 | Kim et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070224954 | Gopi | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070230328 | Saitou | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070243899 | Hermel et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070248358 | Sauer | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070253714 | Seeds et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070257796 | Easton et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070264009 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070264011 | Sone et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070268846 | Proctor et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070274279 | Wood et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070280370 | Liu | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070286599 | Sauer et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070292143 | Yu et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070297005 | Montierth et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080002652 | Gupta et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080007453 | Vassilakis et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080013909 | Kostet et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080013956 | Ware et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080013957 | Akers et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080014948 | Scheinert | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080014992 | Pescod et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080026765 | Charbonneau | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080031628 | Dragas et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080043714 | Pernu | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080056167 | Kim et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080058018 | Scheinert | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080063397 | Hu et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080070502 | George et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080080863 | Sauer et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080098203 | Master et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080118014 | Reunamaki et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080119198 | Hettstedt et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080124086 | Matthews | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080124087 | Hartmann et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080129634 | Pera et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080134194 | Liu | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080145061 | Lee et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080150514 | Codreanu et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080159744 | Soto et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080166094 | Bookbinder et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080191682 | Cook | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080194226 | Rivas et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080207253 | Jaakkola et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080212969 | Fasshauer et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080219670 | Kim et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080232305 | Oren et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080232799 | Kim | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080247716 | Thomas | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080253280 | Tang et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080253351 | Pernu et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080253773 | Zheng | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080260388 | Kim et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080260389 | Zheng | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080261656 | Bella et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080268766 | Narkmon et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080268833 | Huang et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080273844 | Kewitsch | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080279137 | Pernu et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080280569 | Hazani et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080291830 | Pernu et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080292322 | Daghighian et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080298813 | Song et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080304831 | Miller, II et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080310464 | Schneider | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080310848 | Yasuda et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080311876 | Leenaerts et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080311944 | Hansen et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090022304 | Kubler et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090028087 | Nguyen et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090028317 | Ling et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090041413 | Hurley | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090047023 | Pescod et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090059903 | Kubler et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090061796 | Arkko et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090061939 | Andersson et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090067363 | Ruiz et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090073916 | Zhang et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090081985 | Rofougaran et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090087179 | Underwood et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090088071 | Rofougaran | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090088072 | Rofougaran et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090097855 | Thelen et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090135078 | Lindmark et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090141780 | Cruz-Albrecht et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090149221 | Liu et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090154621 | Shapira et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090169163 | Abbott, III et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090175214 | Sfar et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090180407 | Sabat et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090180426 | Sabat et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090218407 | Rofougaran | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090218657 | Rofougaran | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090237317 | Rofougaran | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090245084 | Moffatt et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090245153 | Li et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090245221 | Piipponen | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090247109 | Rofougaran | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090252136 | Mahany et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090252139 | Ludovico et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090252205 | Rheinfelder et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090258652 | Lambert et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090278596 | Rofougaran et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090279593 | Rofougaran et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090285147 | Subasic et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090316608 | Singh et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090316609 | Singh | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090319909 | Hsueh et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100002626 | Schmidt et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100002661 | Schmidt et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100002662 | Schmidt et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100014494 | Schmidt et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100014868 | McGlynn et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100027443 | LoGalbo et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100054746 | Logan | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100056200 | Tolonen | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100080154 | Noh et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100080182 | Kubler et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100091475 | Toms et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100093391 | Saban et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100099451 | Saban et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100118864 | Kubler et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100127937 | Chandrasekaran et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100134257 | Puleston et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100142598 | Murray et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100142955 | Yu et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100144285 | Behzad et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100148373 | Chandrasekaran | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100150556 | Soto et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100156721 | Alamouti et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100158525 | Walter | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100159859 | Rofougaran | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100188998 | Pernu et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100189439 | Novak et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100190509 | Davis | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100202326 | Rofougaran et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100208656 | Oh | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100225413 | Rofougaran et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100225520 | Mohamadi et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100225556 | Rofougaran et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100225557 | Rofougaran et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100232323 | Kubler et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100246558 | Harel | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100255774 | Kenington | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100258949 | Henderson et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100260063 | Kubler et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100261501 | Behzad et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100266287 | Adhikari et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100278530 | Kummetz et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100284323 | Tang et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100290355 | Roy et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100309049 | Reunamäki et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100309752 | Lee et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100311472 | Rofougaran et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100311480 | Raines et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100329161 | Ylanen et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100329166 | Mahany et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100329680 | Presi et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110002687 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110007724 | Mahany et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110007733 | Kubler et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110008042 | Stewart | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110019999 | George et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110021146 | Pernu | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110021224 | Koskinen et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110026932 | Yeh et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110028161 | Larsen | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110045767 | Rofougaran et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110055875 | Zussman | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110065450 | Kazmi | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110066774 | Rofougaran | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110069668 | Chion et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110071734 | Van Wiemeersch et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110083152 | Centore, III et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110086614 | Brisebois et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110116393 | Hong et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110116572 | Lee et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110116794 | George et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110122912 | Benjamin et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110126071 | Han et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110149879 | Noriega et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110158298 | Djadi et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110158649 | Hari | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110182230 | Ohm et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110194475 | Kim et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110200328 | In De Betou et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110201368 | Faccin et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110204504 | Henderson et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110206383 | Chien et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110211439 | Manpuria et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110215901 | Van Wiemeersch et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110222415 | Ramamurthi et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110222434 | Chen | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110222619 | Ramamurthi et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110227795 | Lopez et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110244887 | Dupray et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110244914 | Venkatraman et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110256878 | Zhu et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110268033 | Boldi et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110268446 | Cune et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110268449 | Berlin et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110274021 | He et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110281536 | Lee et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110312340 | Wu et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120069880 | Lemson et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120134673 | Palanisamy et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120177026 | Uyehara et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120196611 | Venkatraman et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120208581 | Ishida et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120230695 | O'Krafka et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120257893 | Boyd et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120281565 | Sauer | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120294208 | Rofougaran et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120314665 | Ishida et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120321305 | George et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130012195 | Sabat, Jr. et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130053050 | Kang et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130077580 | Kang et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130089332 | Sauer et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130094439 | Moshfeghi | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130095871 | Soriaga et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130095873 | Soriaga et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130142054 | Ahmadi | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130195467 | Schmid et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130210490 | Fischer et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130236180 | Kim et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130249292 | Blackwell, Jr. et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20140016583 | Smith | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140024402 | Singh | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140072064 | Lemson et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140086082 | Kim et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140113671 | Schwengler | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140118464 | George et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140119735 | Cune et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140140225 | Wala | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140146692 | Hazani et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140146797 | Zavadsky et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140146905 | Zavadsky et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140146906 | Zavadsky et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140153919 | Casterline et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140162664 | Stapleton et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140194135 | Terry | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140219140 | Uyehara et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140233435 | Ko | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140243033 | Wala et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140274184 | Regan | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20150037041 | Cune et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150119079 | Tarlazzi et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20160135184 | Zavadsky et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160174345 | Kelly et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160270032 | Guevin | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160309340 | Malach | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20170047998 | Palanisamy et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 645192 | Oct 1992 | AU |
| 731180 | Mar 1998 | AU |
| 2065090 | Feb 1998 | CA |
| 2242707 | Jan 1999 | CA |
| 1207841 | Feb 1999 | CN |
| 1230311 | Sep 1999 | CN |
| 1980088 | Jun 2007 | CN |
| 101043276 | Sep 2007 | CN |
| 101340647 | Jan 2009 | CN |
| 101389147 | Mar 2009 | CN |
| 101389148 | Mar 2009 | CN |
| 101547447 | Sep 2009 | CN |
| 20104862 | Aug 2001 | DE |
| 10249414 | May 2004 | DE |
| 0477952 | Apr 1992 | EP |
| 0477952 | Apr 1992 | EP |
| 0461583 | Mar 1997 | EP |
| 851618 | Jul 1998 | EP |
| 0687400 | Nov 1998 | EP |
| 0899976 | Mar 1999 | EP |
| 0993124 | Apr 2000 | EP |
| 0994582 | Apr 2000 | EP |
| 1037411 | Sep 2000 | EP |
| 1089586 | Apr 2001 | EP |
| 1179895 | Feb 2002 | EP |
| 1267447 | Dec 2002 | EP |
| 1347584 | Sep 2003 | EP |
| 1363352 | Nov 2003 | EP |
| 1391897 | Feb 2004 | EP |
| 1443687 | Aug 2004 | EP |
| 1455550 | Sep 2004 | EP |
| 1501206 | Jan 2005 | EP |
| 1503451 | Feb 2005 | EP |
| 1530316 | May 2005 | EP |
| 1511203 | Mar 2006 | EP |
| 1267447 | Aug 2006 | EP |
| 1693974 | Aug 2006 | EP |
| 1742388 | Jan 2007 | EP |
| 1227605 | Jan 2008 | EP |
| 1916806 | Apr 2008 | EP |
| 1954019 | Aug 2008 | EP |
| 1968250 | Sep 2008 | EP |
| 1056226 | Apr 2009 | EP |
| 1357683 | May 2009 | EP |
| 2276298 | Jan 2011 | EP |
| 1570626 | Nov 2013 | EP |
| 2319439 | May 1998 | GB |
| 2323252 | Sep 1998 | GB |
| 2370170 | Jun 2002 | GB |
| 2399963 | Sep 2004 | GB |
| 2428149 | Jan 2007 | GB |
| H4189036 | Jul 1992 | JP |
| 05260018 | Oct 1993 | JP |
| 09083450 | Mar 1997 | JP |
| 09162810 | Jun 1997 | JP |
| 09200840 | Jul 1997 | JP |
| 11068675 | Mar 1999 | JP |
| 2000152300 | May 2000 | JP |
| 2000341744 | Dec 2000 | JP |
| 2002264617 | Sep 2002 | JP |
| 2002353813 | Dec 2002 | JP |
| 2003148653 | May 2003 | JP |
| 2003172827 | Jun 2003 | JP |
| 2004172734 | Jun 2004 | JP |
| 2004222297 | Aug 2004 | JP |
| 2004245963 | Sep 2004 | JP |
| 2004247090 | Sep 2004 | JP |
| 2004264901 | Sep 2004 | JP |
| 2004265624 | Sep 2004 | JP |
| 2004317737 | Nov 2004 | JP |
| 2004349184 | Dec 2004 | JP |
| 2005018175 | Jan 2005 | JP |
| 2005087135 | Apr 2005 | JP |
| 2005134125 | May 2005 | JP |
| 2007228603 | Sep 2007 | JP |
| 2008172597 | Jul 2008 | JP |
| 20010055088 | Jul 2001 | KR |
| 9603823 | Feb 1996 | WO |
| 9810600 | Mar 1998 | WO |
| 0042721 | Jul 2000 | WO |
| 0072475 | Nov 2000 | WO |
| 0178434 | Oct 2001 | WO |
| 0184760 | Nov 2001 | WO |
| 0209363 | Jan 2002 | WO |
| 0221183 | Mar 2002 | WO |
| 0230141 | Apr 2002 | WO |
| 02102102 | Dec 2002 | WO |
| 03024027 | Mar 2003 | WO |
| 03098175 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| 2004030154 | Apr 2004 | WO |
| 2004034098 | Apr 2004 | WO |
| 2004047472 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| 2004056019 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| 2004059934 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| 2004086795 | Oct 2004 | WO |
| 2004093471 | Oct 2004 | WO |
| 2005062505 | Jul 2005 | WO |
| 2005069203 | Jul 2005 | WO |
| 2005073897 | Aug 2005 | WO |
| 2005079386 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| 2005101701 | Oct 2005 | WO |
| 2005111959 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| 2006011778 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| 2006018592 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| 2006019392 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| 2006039941 | Apr 2006 | WO |
| 2006046088 | May 2006 | WO |
| 2006051262 | May 2006 | WO |
| 2006060754 | Jun 2006 | WO |
| 2006077569 | Jul 2006 | WO |
| 2006105185 | Oct 2006 | WO |
| 2006133609 | Dec 2006 | WO |
| 2006136811 | Dec 2006 | WO |
| 2007048427 | May 2007 | WO |
| 2007077451 | Jul 2007 | WO |
| 2007088561 | Aug 2007 | WO |
| 2007091026 | Aug 2007 | WO |
| 2007133507 | Nov 2007 | WO |
| 2008008249 | Jan 2008 | WO |
| 2008027213 | Mar 2008 | WO |
| 2008033298 | Mar 2008 | WO |
| 2008039830 | Apr 2008 | WO |
| 2008116014 | Sep 2008 | WO |
| 2009132824 | Nov 2009 | WO |
| 2010090999 | Aug 2010 | WO |
| 2010132739 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| 2011023592 | Mar 2011 | WO |
| 2011059705 | May 2011 | WO |
| 2011100095 | Aug 2011 | WO |
| 2011139939 | Nov 2011 | WO |
| 2011139942 | Nov 2011 | WO |
| 2011152831 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| 2012148938 | Nov 2012 | WO |
| 2012148940 | Nov 2012 | WO |
| 2013122915 | Aug 2013 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,574, dated Jan. 6, 2016, 16 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/493,966, dated Jan. 15, 2016, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/936,007 dated Feb. 22, 2016, 9 pages. |
| Toycan, M. et al., “Optical network architecture for UWB range extension beyond a single complex of cells,” Presented at the 33rd European Conference and Exhibition of Optical Communication, Sep. 16-20, 2007, Berlin, Germany, VDE, 2 pages. |
| Decision on Appeal for U.S. Appl. No. 12/712,758 dated Jun. 27, 2016, 15 pages. |
| Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/063,630, dated May 12, 2016, 18 pages. |
| Examiner's Answer to the Appeal Brief for U.S. Appl. No. 14/172,240 dated Jul. 1, 2016, 34 pages. |
| Final Office Acttion for U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,574, dated May 12, 2016, 24 pages. |
| Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/493,966, dated Jun. 2, 2016, 11 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/966,243 dated Jan. 25, 2016, 16 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/966,243 dated Jun. 21, 2016, 8 pages. |
| Examination Report for European patent application 10702806.0 dated Sep. 12, 2013, 11 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/194,429 dated Mar. 1, 2013, 22 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/194,429 dated Jul. 9, 2013, 9 pages. |
| Author Unknown, “VCSEL Chaotic Synchronization and Modulation Characteristics,” Master's Thesis, Southwest Jiatong University, Professor Pan Wei, Apr. 2006, 8 pages (machine translation). |
| Chowdhury et al., “Multi-service Multi-carrier Broadband MIMO Distributed Antenna Systems for In-building Optical Wireless Access,” Presented at the 2010 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Mar. 21-25, 2010, San Diego, California, IEEE, pp. 1-3. |
| Examiner's Answer to the Appeal Brief for U.S. Appl. No. 12/712,758 dated Jul. 7, 2014, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/592,502 dated May 9, 2014, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report for PCT/US2011/034733 dated Aug. 1, 2011, 5 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/US2011/034733 dated Nov. 6, 2012, 7 pages. |
| Translation of the First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180008168.1, dated Jun. 5, 2014, 9 pages. |
| Notification of First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201010557770.8, dated Jul. 3, 2014, 14 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/618,613 dated Dec. 29, 2011, 10 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/618,613 dated Jul. 5, 2012, 9 pages. |
| Translation of the First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201080055264.7, dated Jun. 5, 2014, 6 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report for European patent application 127776045 dated Oct. 1, 2014, 7 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report for European patent application 12776915.6 dated Oct. 13, 2014, 7 pages. |
| Biton et al., “Challenge: CeTV and Ca-Fi—Cellular and Wi-Fi over CATV,” Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Aug. 28-Sep. 2, 2005, Cologne, Germany, Association for Computing Machinery, 8 pages. |
| Seto et al., “Optical Subcarrier Multiplexing Transmission for Base Station With Adaptive Array Antenna,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 49, No. 10, Oct. 2001, pp. 2036-2041. |
| Notice of Reexamination for Chinese patent application 20078002293.6 dated Nov. 28, 2014, 22 pages. |
| Examination Report for European patent application 10702806.0 dated Nov. 14, 2014, 7 pages. |
| Decision on Appeal for U.S. Appl. No. 11/406,976, dated Nov. 3, 2014, 6 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/688,448 dated Dec. 29, 2014, 16 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/063,245 dated Jan. 26, 2015, 22 pages. |
| Notice of Second Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201010557770.8, dated Mar. 10, 2015, 13 pages. |
| Official Communication from the European Patent Office for 10779113.9, dated Jun. 20, 2012, 2 pages. |
| International Search Report for PCT/US2007/011034, dated Apr. 3, 2008, 2 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/US2007/011034, dated Nov. 11, 2008, 8 pages. |
| International Search Report for PCT/US2013/037090, dated Jul. 22, 2013, 4 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 11/430,113, dated Apr. 10, 2008, 6 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 11/430,113, dated Dec. 8, 2008, 9 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/595,099, dated Jun. 20, 2013, 9 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/915,882, dated Apr. 10, 2015, 12 pages. |
| Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/063,245, dated Apr. 16, 2015, 24 pages. |
| Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/063,245, dated Jun. 8, 2015, 3 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/146,949, dated Dec. 3, 2014, 14 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/146,949, dated Apr. 14, 2015, 16 pages. |
| Author Unknown, “The I2C-Bus Specification,” Version 2.1, Jan. 2000, Philips Semiconductors, 46 pages. |
| Notice of Third Office Action for Chinese Patent Application 201010557770.8 dated Sep. 23, 2015, 15 pages. |
| International Search Report for PCT/US2010/054234, dated Feb. 28, 2011, 4 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/062,289, dated Jul. 8, 2015, 9 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/063,630 dated Jul. 10, 2015, 19 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/172,240 dated Jun. 5, 2015, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/172,240 dated Oct. 9, 2015, 23 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/465,565 dated Jun. 26, 2015, 15 pages. |
| Decision on Rejection for Chinese Patent Application No. 201010557770.8, dated Jan. 27, 2016, 16 pages. |
| Translation of the First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201280024385.4, dated Jan. 28, 2016, 6 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/465,565, dated Dec. 11, 2015, 8 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/063,630, dated Dec. 14, 2015, 17 pages. |
| Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/172,240 dated Dec. 30, 2015, 3 pages. |
| Attygale et al. “Extending Optical Transmission Distance in Fiber Wireless Links Using Passive Filtering in Conjunction with Optimized Modulation,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 24, No. 4, Apr. 2006, 7 pages. |
| Bo Zhang et al., “Reconfigurable Multifunctional Operation Using Optical Injection-Locked Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, No. 15, Aug. 2009, 6 pages. |
| Chang-Hasnain, et al., “Ultrahigh-speed laser modulation by injection locking,” Chapter 6, Optical Fiber Telecommunication V A: Components and Subsystems, Elsevier Inc., 2008, 20 pages. |
| Cheng Zhang et al., “60 GHz Millimeter-wave Generation by Two-mode Injection-locked Fabry-Perot Laser Using Second-Order Sideband Injection in Radio-over-Fiber System,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and Quantum Electronics, Optical Society of America, May 2008, 2 pages. |
| Chrostowski, “Optical Injection Locking of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers,” Fall 2003, PhD dissertation University of California at Berkely, 122 pages. |
| Dang et al., “Radio-over-Fiber based architecture for seamless wireless indoor communication in the 60GHz band,” Computer Communications, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NL, vol. 30, Sep. 8, 2007, pp. 3598-3613. |
| Hyuk-Kee Sung et al., “Optical Single Sideband Modulation Using Strong Optical Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 19, No. 13, Jul. 1, 2007, 4 pages. |
| Lim et al., “Analysis of Optical Carrier-to-Sideband Ratio for Improving Transmission Performance in Fiber-Radio Links,” IEEE Transactions of Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54, No. 5, May 2006, 7 pages. |
| Lu H H et al., “Improvement of radio-on-multimode fiber systems based on light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques,” Optics Communications, vol. 266, No. 2, Elsevier B.V., Oct. 15, 2006, 4 pages. |
| Pleros et al., “A 60 GHz Radio-Over-Fiber Network Architecture for Seamless Communication With High Mobility,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, No. 12, IEEE, Jun. 15, 2009, pp. 1957-1967. |
| Reza et al., “Degree-of-Polarization-Based PMD Monitoring for Subcarrier-Multiplexed Signals via Equalized Carrier/Sideband Filtering,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 22, No. 4, IEEE, Apr. 2004, 8 pages. |
| Zhao, “Optical Injection Locking on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs): Physics and Applications,” Fall 2008, PhD dissertation University of California at Berkeley, pp. 1-209. |
| Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/712,758 dated Sep. 16, 2013, 3 pages. |
| Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/712,758 dated May 24, 2013, 17 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/712,758 dated Jan. 10, 2012, 14 pages. |
| Examination Report for European patent application 07835803.3 dated Aug. 13, 2013, 6 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report for patent application 10014262.9 dated Mar. 14, 2011, 6 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2012/034853 dated Aug. 6, 2012, 12 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2012/034855 dated Jul. 26, 2012, 10 pages. |
| Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for European patent application 11701916.6 dated Sep. 21, 2012, 10 pages. |
| International Search Report for PCT/US2011/021799 dated Apr. 6, 2011, 4 pages. |
| Arredondo, Albedo et al., “Techniques for Improving In-Building Radio Coverage Using Fiber-Fed Distributed Antenna Networks,” IEEE 46th Vehicular Technology Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, Apr. 28-May 1, 1996, pp. 1540-1543, vol. 3. |
| Bakaul, M., et al., “Efficient Multiplexing Scheme for Wavelength-Interleaved DWDM Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Systems,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Dec. 2005, vol. 17, No. 12, pp. 2718-2720. |
| Cho, Bong Youl et al. “The Forward Link Performance of a PCS System with an AGC,” 4th CDMA International Conference and Exhibition, “The Realization of IMT-2000,” 1999, 10 pages. |
| Chu, Ta-Shing et al. “Fiber optic microcellular radio”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Aug. 1991, pp. 599-606, vol. 40, Issue 3. |
| Cooper, A.J., “Fiber/Radio for the Provision of Cordless/Mobile Telephony Services in the Access Network,” Electronics Letters, 1990, pp. 2054-2056, vol. 26. |
| Cutrer, David M. et al., “Dynamic Range Requirements for Optical Transmitters in Fiber-Fed Microcellular Networks,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, May 1995, pp. 564-566, vol. 7, No. 5. |
| Dolmans, G. et al. “Performance study of an adaptive dual antenna handset for indoor communications”, IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Apr. 1999, pp. 138-144, vol. 146, Issue 2. |
| Ellinger, Frank et al., “A 5.2 GHz variable gain LNA MMIC for adaptive antenna combining”, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Anaheim, California, Jun. 13-19, 1999, pp. 501-504, vol. 2. |
| Fan, J.C. et al., “Dynamic range requirements for microcellular personal communication systems using analog fiber-optic links”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Aug. 1997, pp. 1390-1397, vol. 45, Issue 8. |
| Gibson, B.C., et al., “Evanescent Field Analysis of Air-Silica Microstructure Waveguides,” The 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 1-7803-7104-4/01, Nov. 12-13, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 709-710. |
| Huang, C., et al., “A WLAN-Used Helical Antenna Fully Integrated with the PCMCIA Carrier,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Dec. 2005, vol. 53, No. 12, pp. 4164-4168. |
| Kojucharow, K., et al., “Millimeter-Wave Signal Properties Resulting from Electrooptical Upconversion,” IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Oct. 2001, vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 1977-1985. |
| Monro, T.M., et al., “Holey Fibers with Random Cladding Distributions,” Optics Letters, Feb. 15, 2000, vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 206-208. |
| Moreira, J.D., et al., “Diversity Techniques for OFDM Based WLAN Systems,” The 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Sep. 15-18, 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1008-1011. |
| Niiho, T., et al., “Multi-Channel Wireless LAN Distributed Antenna System Based on Radio-Over-Fiber Techniques,” The 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, Nov. 2004, vol. 1, pp. 57-58. |
| Author Unknown, “ITU-T G.652, Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU, Series G: Transmission Systems and Media, Digital Systems and Networks, Transmission Media and Optical Systems Characteristics—Optical Fibre Cables, Characteristics of a Single-Mode Optical Fiber and Cable,” ITU-T Recommendation G.652, International Telecommunication Union, Jun. 2005, 22 pages. |
| Author Unknown, “ITU-T G.657, Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU, Dec. 2006, Series G: Transmission Systems and Media, Digital Systems and Networks, Transmission Media and Optical Systems Characteristics—Optical Fibre Cables, Characteristics of a Bending Loss Insensitive Single Mode Optical Fibre and Cable for the Access Network,” ITU-T Recommendation G.657, International Telecommunication Union, 20 pages. |
| Author Unknown, RFID Technology Overview, Date Unknown, 11 pages. |
| Opatic, D., “Radio over Fiber Technology for Wireless Access,” Ericsson, Oct. 17, 2009, 6 pages. |
| Paulraj, A.J., et al., “An Overview of MIMO Communications—A Key to Gigabit Wireless,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Feb. 2004, vol. 92, No. 2, 34 pages. |
| Pickrell, G.R., et al., “Novel Techniques for the Fabrication of Holey Optical Fibers,” Proceedings of SPIE, Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2001, vol. 4578, 2001, pp. 271-282. |
| Roh, W., et al., “MIMO Channel Capacity for the Distributed Antenna Systems,” Proceedings of the 56th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Sep. 2002, vol. 2, pp. 706-709. |
| Schweber, Bill, “Maintaining cellular connectivity indoors demands sophisticated design,” EDN Network, Dec. 21, 2000, 2 pages, http://www.edn.com/design/integrated-circuit-design/4362776/Maintaining-cellular-connectivity-indoors-demands-sophisticated-design. |
| Seto, I., et al., “Antenna-Selective Transmit Diversity Technique for OFDM-Based WLANs with Dual-Band Printed Antennas,” 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Mar. 13-17, 2005, vol. 1, pp. 51-56. |
| Shen, C., et al., “Comparison of Channel Capacity for MIMO-DAS versus MIMO-CAS,” The 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, Sep. 21-24, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 113-118. |
| Wake, D. et al., “Passive Picocell: A New Concept n Wireless Network Infrastructure,” Electronics Letters, Feb. 27, 1997, vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 404-406. |
| Windyka, John et al., “System-Level Integrated Circuit (SLIC) Technology Development for Phased Array Antenna Applications,” Contractor Report 204132, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jul. 1997, 94 pages. |
| Winters, J., et al., “The Impact of Antenna Diversity on the Capacity of Wireless Communications Systems,” IEEE Transcations on Communications, vol. 42, No. 2/3/4, Feb./Mar./Apr. 1994, pp. 1740-1751. |
| Yu et al., “A Novel Scheme to Generate Single-Sideband Millimeter-Wave Signals by Using Low-Frequency Local Oscillator Signal,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 20, No. 7, Apr. 1, 2008, pp. 478-480. |
| Second Office Action for Chinese patent application 20078002293.6 dated Aug. 30, 2012, 10 pages. |
| International Search Report for PCT/US2010/022847 dated Jul. 12, 2010, 3 pages. |
| International Search Report for PCT/US2010/022857 dated Jun. 18, 2010, 3 pages. |
| Decision on Appeal for U.S. Appl. No. 11/451,237 dated Mar. 19, 2013, 7 pages. |
| Decision on Rejection for Chinese patent application 200780022093.6 dated Feb. 5, 2013, 9 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for International patent application PCT/US2007/013802 dated May 8, 2008, 12 pages. |
| Translation of the First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201280028800.3, dated Jul. 22, 2016, 8 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/063,630, dated Jul. 29, 2016, 9 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,574, dated Aug. 11, 2016, 13 pages. |
| Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/822,991, dated Sep. 23, 2016, 5 pages. |
| Notice of Reexamination for Chinese Patent Application No. 201010557770.8, dated Dec. 21, 2016, 22 pages. |
| Examination Report for European Patent Application No. 11701916.6, dated Jan. 5, 2017, 6 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/822,991, dated Feb. 8, 2017, 11 pages. |
| International Search Report for PCT/IL2016/050368, dated Aug. 9, 2016, 7 pages. |
| Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,574, dated Dec. 29, 2016, 18 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/687,423, dated Oct. 14, 2016, 9 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/862,635, dated Nov. 16, 2016, 18 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/283,974, dated Nov. 2, 2016, 42 pages. |
| Author Unknown, “Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System,” Installation and Users Guide, ERAU Version 1.5, May 2002, Andrews Corporation, 53 pages. |
| Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,574, dated Mar. 22, 2017, 3 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/687,423, dated Apr. 12, 2017, 7 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/862,635, dated May 24, 2017, 7 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/207,759, dated May 4, 2017, 20 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 15/207,759, dated Aug. 25, 2017, 9 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160286509 A1 | Sep 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61480700 | Apr 2011 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14936007 | Nov 2015 | US |
| Child | 15179128 | US | |
| Parent | 14062289 | Oct 2013 | US |
| Child | 14936007 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/US2012/034853 | Apr 2012 | US |
| Child | 14062289 | US |
