Various example embodiments relate to wireless communications.
Communication systems are under constant development. The 5G, 5G-Advanced, and beyond future wireless networks aim to support a large variety of services with increasing demand in terms of data rate and throughput while providing a higher degree of reliability, keeping the overall system complexity affordable. One factor affecting how the aims are achieved is a waveform that will be used in an air interface. There exists a plurality of different waveforms. However, none of them is an optimal waveform for all use case scenarios.
The independent claims define the scope.
According to an aspect there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for receiving or comprising one or more instructions relating to uplink transmissions and associating at least resource block regions with waveforms, wherein one resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms, the waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform; means for receiving information indicating a frequency domain resource allocation for an uplink transmission; means for applying the one or more instructions to determine a waveform for the uplink transmission at least according to a resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation; and means for transmitting the uplink transmission using the waveform determined for the uplink transmission.
In embodiments, the one or more instructions further associate maximum power reductions with said at least the first waveform and the second waveform and the means for applying are configured to determine the waveform for the uplink transmission at least according to the resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation and its maximum power reduction.
In embodiments, the one or more instructions further comprise at least one of the following additional instructions for the second waveform, the additional instructions comprising a first threshold for a number of contiguous resource blocks in the frequency domain resource allocation, or a second threshold for a power headroom, and the means for applying are configured to apply the at least one of the additional instructions when determining whether to select the second waveform.
In embodiments, the second threshold is associated with at least one of the first waveform or the second waveform, and the means for applying are configured to select the second waveform, when the power headroom is below the second threshold.
In embodiments, the one or more instructions associate at least one third threshold with a difference between a power reduction of the first waveform and a power reduction of the second waveform and the means for applying are configured to determine the waveform for the uplink transmission to be the second waveform in response to the difference being larger than the third threshold.
In embodiments, the one or more instructions comprises a plurality of third thresholds associated with different modulation schemes, a third threshold being associated with one or more modulation schemes.
In embodiments, the means for applying are configured to apply the one or more instructions when the information indicating the frequency domain resource allocation for the uplink transmission is for a predetermined radio network temporary identification information.
In embodiments, the means for applying are configured to apply the one or more instructions when a number of repetitions of a transport block is greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.
In embodiments, the means for applying are configured to apply the one or more instructions based on previous downlink control information.
According to an aspect there is provided apparatus comprising: means for transmitting to at least one receiving apparatus, or means for comprising for the at least one receiving apparatus, one or more instructions relating to uplink transmissions and associating at least resource block regions with waveforms, wherein one resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms, the waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform; means for transmitting to the receiving apparatus information indicating a frequency domain resource allocation for an uplink transmission from the receiving apparatus; means for applying the one or more instructions to determine a waveform used by the receiving apparatus for the uplink transmission at least according to a resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation; and means for receiving the uplink transmission using the waveform determined for the uplink transmission.
In embodiments, the one or more instructions are included in radio resource control information.
In embodiments, the apparatus comprises at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one processor with the at least one memory and computer program code provide said means.
According to an aspect there is provided a method comprising: receiving or comprising one or more instructions relating to uplink transmissions and associating at least resource block regions with waveforms, wherein one resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms, the waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform; receiving information indicating a frequency domain resource allocation for an uplink transmission; applying the one or more instructions to determine a waveform for the uplink transmission at least according to a resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation; and transmitting the uplink transmission using the waveform determined for the uplink transmission.
According to an aspect there is provided a method comprising: transmitting to at least one receiving apparatus, or comprising for the at least one receiving apparatus, one or more instructions relating to uplink transmissions and associating at least resource block regions with waveforms, wherein one resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms, the waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform; transmitting to the receiving apparatus information indicating a frequency domain resource allocation for an uplink transmission from the receiving apparatus; applying the one or more instructions to determine a waveform used by the receiving apparatus for the uplink transmission at least according to a resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation; and receiving the uplink transmission using the waveform determined for the uplink transmission.
According to an aspect there is provided a computer readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for at least one of a first functionality or a second functionality, for performing corresponding functionality: wherein the first functionality comprises at least: receiving or comprising one or more instructions relating to uplink transmissions and associating at least resource block regions with waveforms, wherein one resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms, the waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform; receiving information indicating a frequency domain resource allocation for an uplink transmission; applying the one or more instructions to determine a waveform for the uplink transmission at least according to a resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation; and transmitting the uplink transmission using the waveform determined for the uplink transmission, and wherein the second functionality comprises at least: transmitting to at least one receiving apparatus, or comprising for the at least one receiving apparatus, the one or more instructions relating to uplink transmissions and associating at least resource block regions with waveforms, wherein one resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms, the waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform; transmitting to the receiving apparatus the information indicating the frequency domain resource allocation for the uplink transmission from the receiving apparatus; applying the one or more instructions to determine the waveform used by the receiving apparatus for the uplink transmission at least according to the resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation; and receiving the uplink transmission using the waveform determined for the uplink transmission.
In embodiments, the medium is a non-transitory computer readable medium.
According to an aspect there is provided a computer program comprising instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least one of a first functionality, or a second functionality, wherein the first functionality comprises at least: receiving or comprising one or more instructions relating to uplink transmissions and associating at least resource block regions with waveforms, wherein one resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms, the waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform; receiving information indicating a frequency domain resource allocation for an uplink transmission; applying the one or more instructions to determine a waveform for the uplink transmission at least according to a resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation; and transmitting the uplink transmission using the waveform determined for the uplink transmission, and wherein the second functionality comprises at least: transmitting to at least one receiving apparatus, or comprising for the at least one receiving apparatus, the one or more instructions relating to uplink transmissions and associating at least resource block regions with waveforms, wherein one resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms, the waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform; transmitting to the receiving apparatus the information indicating the frequency domain resource allocation for the uplink transmission from the receiving apparatus; applying the one or more instructions to determine the waveform used by the receiving apparatus for the uplink transmission at least according to the resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation; and receiving the uplink transmission using the waveform determined for the uplink transmission.
Embodiments are described below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
The following embodiments are only presented as examples. Although the specification may refer to “an”, “one”, or “some” embodiment(s) and/or example(s) in several locations, this does not necessarily mean that each such reference is to the same embodiment(s) or example(s), or that a particular feature only applies to a single embodiment and/or single example. Single features of different embodiments and/or examples may also be combined to provide other embodiments and/or examples. Furthermore, words “comprising” and “including” should be understood as not limiting the described embodiments to consist of only those features that have been mentioned and such embodiments may contain also features/structures that have not been specifically mentioned. Further, although terms including ordinal numbers, such as “first”, “second”, etc., may be used for describing various elements, the structural elements are not restricted by the terms. The terms are used merely for the purpose of distinguishing an element from other elements. For example, a first waveform could be termed a second waveform, and similarly, a second waveform could be also termed a first waveform without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
In the following, different exemplifying embodiments will be described using, as an example of an access architecture to which the embodiments may be applied, a radio access architecture based on long term evolution advanced (LTE Advanced, LTE-A) or new radio (NR, 5G, 5G-Advanced), without restricting the embodiments to such an architecture, however. It is obvious for a person skilled in the art that the embodiments may also be applied to other kinds of communications networks having suitable means by adjusting parameters and procedures appropriately. Some examples of other options for suitable systems are the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) radio access network (UTRAN or E-UTRAN), long term evolution (LTE, the same as E-UTRA), wireless local area network (WLAN or WiFi), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), Bluetooth®, personal communications services (PCS), ZigBee®, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), systems using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, sensor networks, mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and Internet Protocol multimedia subsystems (IMS) or any combination thereof.
The embodiments are not, however, restricted to the system 100 given as an example but a person skilled in the art may apply the solution to other communication systems provided with necessary properties.
The example of
A communications system typically comprises more than one (e/g)NodeB in which case the (e/g)NodeBs may also be configured to communicate with one another over links, wired or wireless, designed for the purpose. These links may be used for signalling purposes. The (e/g)NodeB is a computing device configured to control the radio resources of communication system it is coupled to. The NodeB may also be referred to as a base station, an access point or any other type of interfacing device including a relay station capable of operating in a wireless environment. The (e/g)NodeB includes or is coupled to transceivers. From the transceivers of the (e/g)NodeB, a connection is provided to an antenna unit that establishes bi-directional radio links to devices. The antenna unit may comprise a plurality of antennas or antenna elements. The (e/g)NodeB is further connected to the core network 105 (CN or next generation core NGC). Depending on the system, the counterpart on the CN side can be a serving gateway (S-GW, routing and forwarding user data packets), packet data network gateway (P-GW), for providing connectivity of user devices (UEs) to external packet data networks, or mobile management entity (MME), or user plane function (UPF), or access and mobility management function (AMF), etc.
The user device (also called UE, user equipment, user terminal, terminal device, etc.) illustrates one type of an apparatus to which resources on the air interface are allocated and assigned, and thus any feature described herein with a user device may be implemented with a corresponding apparatus, such as a relay node. An example of such a relay node is a layer 3 relay (self-backhauling relay) towards the base station.
The user device typically refers to a computing device (e.g. a portable computing device) that includes wireless mobile communication devices operating with or without a subscriber identification module (SIM), including, but not limited to, the following types of devices: a mobile station (mobile phone), smartphone, personal digital assistant (PDA), handset, device using a wireless modem (alarm or measurement device, etc.), laptop and/or touch screen computer, tablet, game console, notebook, and multimedia device. It should be appreciated that a user device may also be a nearly exclusive uplink only device, of which an example is a camera or video camera loading images or video clips to a network. A user device may also be a device having capability to operate in Internet of Things (IoT) network which is a scenario in which objects are provided with the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction, e.g., to be used in smart power grids and connected vehicles. The user device may also utilize cloud. In some applications, a user device may comprise a user portable device with radio parts (such as a watch, earphones, eyeglasses, other wearable accessories or wearables) and the computation is carried out in the cloud. The user device (or in some embodiments a layer 3 relay node) is configured to perform one or more of user equipment functionalities. The user device may also be called a subscriber unit, mobile station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal or user equipment (UE) just to mention but a few names or apparatuses. Further, it should be appreciated that a number of reception and/or transmission antennas in a user device may vary according to implementation and/or type of the user device.
Various techniques described herein may also be applied to a cyber-physical system (CPS) (a system of collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities). CPS may enable the implementation and exploitation of massive amounts of interconnected ICT devices (sensors, actuators, processors microcontrollers, etc.) embedded in physical objects at different locations. Mobile cyber physical systems, in which the physical system in question has inherent mobility, are a subcategory of cyber-physical systems. Examples of mobile physical systems include mobile robotics and electronics transported by humans or animals.
Additionally, although the apparatuses have been depicted as single entities, different units, processors and/or memory units (not all shown in
5G enables using multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) antennas, many more base stations or nodes than the LTE (a so-called small cell concept), including macro sites operating in co-operation with smaller stations and employing a variety of radio technologies depending on service needs, use cases and/or spectrum available. 5G mobile communications supports a wide range of use cases and related applications including video streaming, augmented reality, different ways of data sharing and various forms of machine type applications (such as (massive) machine-type communications (mMTC), including vehicular safety, different sensors and real-time control. 5G is expected to have multiple radio interfaces, namely below 6 GHz, cmWave and mmWave, and also being integrable with existing legacy radio access technologies, such as the LTE. Integration with the LTE may be implemented, at least in the early phase, as a system, where macro coverage is provided by the LTE and 5G radio interface access comes from small cells by aggregation to the LTE. In other words, 5G is planned to support both inter-RAT operability (such as LTE-5G) and inter-RI operability (inter-radio interface operability, such as below 6 GHz—cmWave, below 6 GHz—cmWave—mmWave). One of the concepts considered to be used in 5G networks is network slicing in which multiple independent and dedicated virtual sub-networks (network instances) may be created within the same infrastructure to run services that have different requirements on latency, reliability, throughput and mobility.
The current architecture in LTE networks is fully distributed in the radio and fully centralized in the core network. The low latency applications and services in 5G require to bring the content close to the radio which leads to local break out and multi-access edge computing (MEC). 5G enables analytics and knowledge generation to occur at the source of the data. This approach requires leveraging resources that may not be continuously connected to a network such as laptops, smartphones, tablets and sensors. MEC provides a distributed computing environment for application and service hosting. It also has the ability to store and process content in close proximity to cellular subscribers for faster response time. Edge computing covers a wide range of technologies such as wireless sensor networks, mobile data acquisition, mobile signature analysis, cooperative distributed peer-to-peer ad hoc networking and processing also classifiable as local cloud/fog computing and grid/mesh computing, dew computing, mobile edge computing, cloudlet, distributed data storage and retrieval, autonomic self-healing networks, remote cloud services, augmented and virtual reality, data caching, Internet of Things (massive connectivity and/or latency critical), critical communications (autonomous vehicles, traffic safety, real-time analytics, time-critical control, healthcare applications).
The communication system is also able to communicate with other networks, such as a public switched telephone network or the Internet 106, or utilize services provided by them. The communication network may also be able to support the usage of cloud services, for example at least part of core network operations may be carried out as a cloud service (this is depicted in
It should also be understood that the distribution of labour between core network operations and base station operations may differ from that of the LTE or even be non-existent. Some other technology advancements probably to be used are Big Data and all-IP, which may change the way networks are being constructed and managed. 5G (or new radio, NR) networks are being designed to support multiple hierarchies, where MEC servers can be placed between the core and the base station or nodeB (gNB). It should be appreciated that MEC can be applied in 4G networks as well.
5G may also utilize satellite communication to enhance or complement the coverage of 5G service, for example by providing backhauling. Possible use cases are providing service continuity for machine-to-machine (M2M) or Internet of Things (IoT) devices or for passengers on board of vehicles, or ensuring service availability for critical communications, and future railway/maritime/aeronautical communications. Satellite communication may utilize geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite systems, but also low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems, in particular mega-constellations (systems in which hundreds of (nano)satellites are deployed). Each satellite 103 in the mega-constellation may cover several satellite-enabled network entities that create on-ground cells. The on-ground cells may be created through an on-ground relay node 102 or by a gNB located on-ground or in a satellite.
It is obvious for a person skilled in the art that the depicted system is only an example of a part of a radio access system and in practice, the system may comprise a plurality of (e/g)NodeBs, the user device may have an access to a plurality of radio cells and the system may comprise also other apparatuses, such as physical layer relay nodes or other network elements, etc. At least one of the (e/g)NodeBs or may be a Home(e/g)nodeB. Additionally, in a geographical area of a radio communication system a plurality of different kinds of radio cells as well as a plurality of radio cells may be provided. Radio cells may be macro cells (or umbrella cells) which are large cells, usually having a diameter of up to tens of kilometers, or smaller cells such as micro-, femto- or picocells. The (e/g)NodeBs of
For fulfilling the need for improving the deployment and performance of communication systems, the concept of “plug-and-play” (e/g)NodeBs has been introduced. Typically, a network which is able to use “plug-and-play” (e/g)Node Bs, includes, in addition to Home (e/g)NodeBs (H(e/g)nodeBs), a home node B gateway, or HNB-GW (not shown in
6G networks are expected to adopt flexible decentralized and/or distributed computing systems and architecture and ubiquitous computing, with local spectrum licensing, spectrum sharing, infrastructure sharing, and intelligent automated management underpinned by mobile edge computing, artificial intelligence, short-packet communication and blockchain technologies. Key features of 6G will include intelligent connected management and control functions, programmability, integrated sensing and communication, reduction of energy footprint, trustworthy infrastructure, scalability and affordability. In addition to these, 6G is also targeting new use cases covering the integration of localization and sensing capabilities into system definition to unifying user experience across physical and digital worlds.
5G networks, and it is envisaged that 6G networks and beyond, support two or more different waveforms for uplink transmissions. For example, the 5G-Advanced network may semi-statically configure, as a part of radio resource control configuration of an apparatus, for example, a waveform for uplink transmissions. Since the waveform semi-statically configured may not be an optimal waveform for a specific scenario, it is envisaged that a waveform may be dynamically determined (selected) based on an implicit indication, for example as illustrated with
Referring to
The one or more instructions associate at least resource block regions with waveforms. One resource block region is associated with one waveform of the waveforms. For example, a first waveform may be associated with an inner region and a second waveform with other regions, for example the second waveform may be associated with an edge region and an outer region.
The one or more instructions may comprise one or more additional instructions for the second waveform. For example, the one or more additional instruction may comprise a first threshold for a number of contiguous resource blocks in the frequency domain allocation, and/or a second threshold for a most recent power headroom. The most recent power headroom may be the last reported power headroom. The power headroom indicates a difference between a maximum uplink transmission power and an estimated uplink transmission power, or a difference between the maximum uplink transmission power and a last used uplink transmission power.
The one or more instructions may further associate at least one third threshold with a difference between a power reduction of the second waveform and a power reduction of the first waveform. The power reduction of a waveform may be a maximum power reduction or a total power reduction comprising the maximum power reduction and an additional power reduction. The one or more instructions may comprise a plurality of third thresholds associated with different modulation schemes, a third threshold being associated with one or more modulation scheme.
The apparatus A then transmits (messages 2-1) at least the one or more instructions, or information indicating or comprising at least the one or more instructions, to at least one receiving apparatus. In the illustrated examples, the one or more instructions, or said information is transmitted to the apparatus B and to the apparatus C. However, in another example the one or more instructions may be per a receiving apparatus, or per a subgroup of receiving apparatuses. The one or more instructions (at least one of the above listed examples of the instructions) may be included in radio resource control information configuring or reconfiguring the one or more receiving apparatuses. For example, one or more information elements in a search space configuration may carry the one or more instructions, or the one or more instructions may be part of a physical uplink shared channel configuration. Further, in case one or more thresholds are to be used, the one or more thresholds (one or more values for thresholds), or at least part of them, may be transmitted as part of the one or more instructions, or they may be preset to the apparatuses.
In implementations in which one or more of the one or more instructions are preset to apparatuses, i.e. the apparatuses comprise the one or more of the one or more instructions, messages 2-1 may carry indications whether to apply the one or more preset instructions, or which one of the one or more preset instructions to apply. In such implementations messages 2-1 may carry also one or more additional instructions.
As said above, in the illustrated example of
In the illustrated example, a frequency domain for an uplink transmission from the apparatus B is allocated (block 2-2), for example by the apparatus A, or by the central unit, and information (message 2-3) indicating a frequency domain allocation for the uplink transmission from the apparatus B is transmitted from the apparatus A to the apparatus B.
The apparatus B then applies (block 2-4) the one or more instructions to determine a waveform for the uplink transmission. The waveform is determined at least according to a resource block region in the frequency domain allocation. For example, if the resource block region is within the inner region, the first waveform may be associated with an inner region and a second waveform with an outer region. The waveform may be determined according to the resource block region in the frequency domain allocation and its maximum power reduction. When the one or more instructions received in message 2-1 comprised one or more additional instructions, or one more thresholds, at least one of the additional instructions or thresholds may be applied when it is determined whether to select the second waveform. More detailed, non-limiting examples will be described below.
Since the apparatus A also has the same information, for example is aware of the one or more instructions, and the frequency domain allocation, the apparatus A determines (block 2-5) the waveform the apparatus B is to use in the uplink transmission in a similar manner as the apparatus B. Hence, the Apparatus A does not need to determine the waveform used by the Apparatus B (or the Apparatus C) blindly (i.e. based on two reception hypothesis).
The apparatus B transmits, using allocated resources, the uplink transmission (message 2-6) using the waveform determined in block 2-4, and the apparatus A receives the uplink transmission (message 2-6) using the waveform determined in block 2-5.
In another example the one or more instructions are preset to apparatuses, i.e. the apparatuses comprise the one or more instructions, and the above described block 2-0, and messages 2-1 are omitted, but otherwise determination of a waveform follows the above described process.
In the example of
Referring to
If the one or more instructions are to be applied (block 302: yes), the waveform is determined, for example as described above with
If the one or more instructions are not to be applied (block 302: no), the apparatus transmits, using the allocated resources and the waveform configured semi-statically, the uplink transmission.
In the below examples it is assumed that CP-OFDM is the first waveform, and it may be the waveform that is semi-statically configured, and DFT-s-OFDM is the second waveform, and it may be a default waveform since it is more robust in terms of coverage. (A default waveform may be preset to the apparatus, or it may be configured to the apparatus, and the default waveform may be different from the waveform that is semi-statically configured.) It should be appreciated that DFT-s-OFDM may be the first waveform and CP-OFDM may be the second waveform, meaning that principles disclosed below resulting to CP-OFDM would result to DFT-s-OFDM, and vice versa.
In the example illustrated in
RB
Start,Low
≤RB
Start
≤RB
Start,High, and
L
CRB≤ceil(NRB/2)
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
For example, if the configured, or current waveform is CP-OFDM, the apparatus switches to DFT-s-OFDM if PRH is smaller than M dB (M being the threshold value). The threshold value may also depend on configured waveform. For example, if the configured, or current waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the apparatus continues to use DFT-s-OFDM if PRH is smaller than N dB (N being another threshold value than M).
Referring to
Referring to
The blocks, related functions, and information exchanges (messages/signals) described above by means of
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In an embodiment, as shown in
Similar to
In an embodiment, the RCU 1320 may generate a virtual network through which the RCU 1320 communicates with the RDU 1322. In general, virtual networking may involve a process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single, software-based administrative entity, a virtual network. Network virtualization may involve platform virtualization, often combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization may be categorized as external virtual networking which combines many networks, or parts of networks, into the server computer or the host computer (e.g. to the RCU). External network virtualization is targeted to optimized network sharing. Another category is internal virtual networking which provides network-like functionality to the software containers on a single system. Virtual networking may also be used for testing the terminal device.
In an embodiment, the virtual network may provide flexible distribution of operations between the RDU and the RCU. In practice, any digital signal processing task may be performed in either the RDU or the RCU and the boundary where the responsibility is shifted between the RDU and the RCU may be selected according to implementation.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
As used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry, and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software (and/or firmware), such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuit(s) with software/firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software, including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or an access node, to perform various functions, and (c) hardware circuit(s) and processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g. firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. This definition of ‘circuitry’ applies to all uses of this term in this application, including any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term ‘circuitry’ also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit for an access node or a terminal device or other computing or network device.
In an embodiment, at least some of the processes described in connection with
Embodiments as described may also be carried out in the form of a computer process defined by a computer program or portions thereof. Embodiments of the methods described in connection with
Even though the embodiments have been described above with reference to examples according to the accompanying drawings, it is clear that the embodiments are not restricted thereto but can be modified in several ways within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, all words and expressions should be interpreted broadly and they are intended to illustrate, not to restrict, the embodiment. It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. Further, it is clear to a person skilled in the art that the described embodiments may, but are not required to, be combined with other embodiments in various ways.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
20225859 | Sep 2022 | FI | national |