Patent Application
20190330947
The wireline detonation release tool herein relates generally to the field of geological oil and gas production, more specifically to apparatus for use with wireline and e-line tools in exploration, logging, perforation operations, and more specifically to release tools used when downhole tool string becomes lodged in the well or in the casing or tubing within a wellbore. A detonation release tool is provided that enables the wireline cable to be easily released from the tool string upon activation of a detonation device housed within.
A most basic consideration in geological gas and oil exploration and production is the integrity of the well, wellbore or borehole. The stability of the wellbore becomes compromised due to mechanical stress or chemical imbalance of the surrounding rock or other geological formation. Upon perforation, the geological structure surrounding the wellbore undergoes changes in tension, compression, and shear loads as the substrate, typically rock or sand, forming the core of the hole is removed. Chemical reactions can also occur with exposure to the surrounding substrate as well as to the drilling fluid or mud used in drilling operations. Under these conditions, the rock surrounding the wellbore can become unstable, begin to deform, fracture, and impinge into the wellbore.
As equipment such as logging tools, jet cutters, plug setting equipment or perforation guns are fed through the casing or tubing in the wellbore, debris, any deformity in the tool string itself and/or in its surroundings, bending, non-linearity in the casing or tubing, fracture, stress or other unforeseen restrictions inside the well-tubulars can cause the equipment to become lodged or stuck in the wellbore, casing or tubing. This presents one of the biggest challenges to the oil and gas production industry. With gas and petroleum production costing tens to millions of dollars at each site of exploration or production, any complication or delay caused by lodged equipment results in additional human resource time, equipment cost and high expense to operations.
When tool string equipment becomes lodged or stuck, a decision is often made to temporarily or permanently leave the tool string section in the well. An attempt can be made later to fish-out, i.e., remove, the lodged equipment or the equipment can ultimately be abandoned in the well. This decision will depend upon factors such as suspected damage, difficulty of retrieving the equipment and safety concerns. Even when tool string equipment is left in the well, it is always desirable to attempt to recover the wireline cable that is connected to the lodged equipment for reuse in further geological operations, as wireline cable often contains intricate and valuable electrical equipment that is needed and reutilized repeatedly in exploration, service and well construction.
Release tools are employed in the industry to aid in release of stuck equipment and recovery of electrical wireline cable or slickline cable. Various types of release tools are available. Standard tension heads are conventionally used on wireline equipment to attach the wireline cable to the tool-string or perforation equipment. Tension-activated heads require a portion of the pulling force of the wireline cable to be used for mechanical separation of the cable from the drilling or perforation tool. U.S. Pat. No. 9,909,376 to Hrametz et al illustrates the operation of retrieving the logging tool string after deployment. Contained in the apparatus is a spring release assembly that can reengage with the fishing neck assembly. The logging tool string is retracted using a wireline or slickline, wherein during the retracting phase, a tapered surface on the logging tool string can force open latching jaws and allow the rest of the logging tool string to move through to be retrieved. As the distal end of the tool string has passed the closing arms of the springs, the opening arms return the latching jaws to the open position, resting against the inner bore of the subassembly.
Electrically activated wireline release systems are available that release the cable from the drilling or perforation tool by electrical activation. U.S. Pat. No. 8,540,021 to McCarter et al. discloses a method and release assembly system that uses a surface controller operably associated with a downhole remote unit. One example of such system is the Releasable Wireline Cable Head (RWCH™ Tool of Halliburton Corporation, Houston, Tex., US). One advantage of electrically activated release systems over tension systems is that electrically activated wireline release systems prevent the use of the tension full-safe load of the wireline cable which can cause damage to the electrical equipment on the wireline cable.
Hydraulically activated release tools are also available. U.S. Pat. No. 8,281,851 to Spence teaches a hydraulic release tool whereby a connection between the housing carrying downhole equipment and the housing carrying the wireline cable are disconnected by a locking mechanism that is released by a slidable piston which is operated by fluid that is circulated through flow ports within the apparatus. Another cable release tool, CSR by Halliburton Corporation, uses hydraulic time-delay technology with electrical wire tension to cause mechanical release of the wireline cable from the lodged equipment. The Addressable Download Release Tool from GE Oil and Gas Company (Baker Hughes GE of Houston, Tex., US and London, UK) provides a mechanical release mechanism with three stages: an electrical feed-through commanded by a surface panel, a mechanical unlatch and hydrostatic pressure equalization and tool separation.
Detonation, explosive or ballistically activated release methods use a detonator to enable the wireline cable to disconnect from the lodged wireline tool string equipment. The ZipRelease Addressable Wireline Release Tool of GR Energy Services, LLC (Sugarland, Tex., US) is a device that uses a detonator, whereby, upon activation, a separation collar expands and actuates a shear ring to sever an equalizing plug inside the wireline release tool. The tool string is then released, allowing the wireline cable and any associated tool assemblies connected to the wireline cable to be removed from the well. The Ballistic Release Tool by Canatex Completions Solutions (Fort Worth, Tex., US), which is similar or identical to the ZipRelease tool of GR Energy Services, is specifically marketed for horizontal well operations. The Addressable Disconnect Tool by Allied Horizontal (Houston, Tex., US) uses a similar mechanism designed to be used when a perforating gun system is comprised of addressable detonator switches with only a detonator in the device which receives a specific code supplying current to fire the detonator.
Despite the range of release tools currently available, the options remain limited in their release-enabling capacity in view of the tremendous size of the worldwide gas and oil industry and the myriad of challenges presented in operations. The wireline release tool herein presents an effective and technically efficient tool for enabling controlled separation and release of the tool string from the wireline cable during operation from a lodged obstruction without damaging the remaining tools on the wireline and enabling them to continue performing their intended tasks. Unlike alternatively available release tools, the release tool herein allows direct insertion of the detonator into the release tool without need for further electrical wiring assemblies and without any additional ballistic components, thereby enabling downhole operations with minimal re-dress efforts and no explosive remnants created by other detonation activated release tools. This improves the safety of the release tool herein as compared to other ballistically activated release tools during assembly, handling and well operations.
Provided is a wireline cable release tool which uses the pressure impulse from a detonator located within the release tool to effectuate upon detonation the release of the wireline cable from the wireline tool string attached thereto that is lodged in a well during oil or gas perforating operation.
A more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only embodiments thereof and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, exemplary embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity.
Various features, aspects, and advantages of the embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description, along with the accompanying figures in which like numerals represent like components throughout the figures and text. The various described features are not necessarily drawn to scale, but are drawn to emphasize specific features relevant to some embodiments.
The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to limit the scope of the description or the claims. To facilitate understanding, reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate like elements common to the figures.
Reference is made in detail to various embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation, and is not meant as a limitation and does not constitute a definition of all possible embodiments. For purposes of illustrating features of the embodiments, examples are referenced throughout the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the examples are illustrative and not limiting and are provided for explanatory purposes.
As used herein, the term “downhole” refers to the direction going into the well during a well operation. Conversely, the term “uphole” refers to the direction going upward toward the earth's surface. Consistent therewith, the term “downward” is used herein to indicate the direction of the release tool herein that is directed in the downhole direction; and the term “upward” is used herein to indicate an uphole direction in the well.
As used herein, the term “wireline” is used interchangeably and intended to incorporate the term wireline cable. In typical well operations, wireline cable conveys equipment such as logging equipment for collecting data like temperature and pressure and for measuring other well parameters; cameras for optical observation; equipment for performing radioactive irradiation; logging equipment for performing evaluation of localized geological strata; electrical equipment for conveying electrical signals and information from the surface to the downhole tool string to which the wireline is connected; and other tools used in well operations. As used herein, wireline also includes electric line, e-line or slickline, whereby a single strand is used in a well operation. In alternate embodiments, coiled tubing with an electrical feedthrough, commonly known as E-coil, as well as a coiled tubing without an electrical conductor, are operable with the release tool herein. According to other embodiments, it will be further understood by persons skilled in the art that other cables that are used to introduce and deliver tools downhole are operable with the release tool herein.
As used herein, the term “tool string” refers to equipment such as logging equipment, perforation guns, jet cutters, fracturing tools, acidizing tools, cementing tools, production enhancement tools, completion tools or any other tool capable of being coupled to a downhole string for performing a downhole well operation.
As used herein, the term “detonator” is used interchangeably with the term “detonation device” and will be more fully described herein.
Turning now to the figures,
As seen in
Referring to
The tool string subassembly 2 is configured to connect by, for example, a threaded connection, to a downhole tool or tool string by an industry standard tool string engagement subassembly 26 housed downhole within the outer housing 4 of the tool string subassembly 2. The tool string engagement subassembly 26 includes a threaded receiving portion 28 operable in connecting to a mating portion (not shown) of a tool string or downhole tool. During well operation, the release tool 1 is connected to the tool string at the tool string engagement subassembly 26 and connected to the wireline cable by the wireline cable engagement subassembly 22 and is deployed into the well.
As tool string is run into a well to perform a downhole operation, shock and pressure created during the operation is absorbed by the outer housing 4 of the tool string subassembly 2 and the outer housing 12 of the wireline subassembly 3. Tool string outer housing 4 and wireline outer housing 12 may be connected to one another by a connecting means such as a connecting sleeve 11. According to an aspect, the connecting means may include threaded connections or any other coupling mechanism. As described below, connecting sleeve 11 may be designed to be rigidly connected, e.g., through threads, to one of the tool string outer housing 4 or the wireline outer housing 12 and releasably connected to the other of the tool string outer housing 4 or the wireline outer housing 12. Under such circumstances, release of the releasable connection results in disconnection of the wireline subassembly 3 from the tool string subassembly 2. More specific details of possible arrangements to achieve this function are presented hereinbelow.
In an embodiment of the release tool 1, release by the connecting sleeve 11 may be deliberately caused by an explosive force from a detonator 50. It is contemplated that the detonator 50 may be a wired detonator or a wireless detonator. Thus, separation of the wireline subassembly 3 from the tool string subassembly 2 may be achieved by activating the detonator 50. A detonator housing 32 is contained in the inner chamber of the downhole tool string subassembly 2 and extends upward into the inner chamber of the wireline subassembly 3. The detonator housing 32 is illustrated in
According to an embodiment, the detonator housing 32 is manufactured from injection molded plastic. It is contemplated that any other structurally sound and insulating material may be used to form the detonator housing 32, as would be known to persons skilled in the art. The detonator housing 32 includes a cylindrical center bore 42, shown in
As illustrated in
The detonator 50 includes a detonator head 51, a detonator shell 100, an electrical circuit board 104 and an explosive load 102. The detonator head 51 has electrical contacts for contacting a line-in and may also have an electrical contact for contacting a line-out. According to an aspect, a grounding spring 55 may be adjacent the detonator shell 100. The line-in electrical contact and the circuit board 104 are parts of a means for receiving a selective ignition signal. After receipt of the selective ignition signal, circuit board 104 sends an electrical signal to a fuse head 106 immediately adjacent the explosive load 102. According to an embodiment, the fuse head 106 may be any device capable of converting an electric signal into an explosion. The ignition of the fuse head 106 by the electrical signal from the circuit board 104 results in detonation of the explosive load 102. For a given explosive chosen for the explosive load 102, the energy released by the explosive load 102 will correlate to the volume of the explosive load 102.
It is typically necessary to electrically connect the wireline to the tool string since the tool string will also contain electrical components which need to be communicated with during the well operation.
Detonator sleeve 52 may also have a channel 53 for the conductor rod 46.
In an embodiment, conductor rod 46 extends from channel 53 in detonator sleeve 52 and electrically connects to a line-out electrical connection on or adjacent the head 51 of the detonator 50. The other end of conductor rod is attached to terminal contact 44. Terminal contact 44 is axially centered and shaped such that it may freely rotate while maintaining electrical contact with the tool string. The ability of terminal contact 44 to maintain electrical contact while rotating about the central axis of the release tool 1 results in conductor rod 46 being able to travel in a circle centered on the release tool 1 axis. This rotational freedom allows parts through which conductor rod 46 is disposed, e.g., detonator housing 44 and detonator sleeve 52, to freely rotate. Such free rotation enables, for example, assembly and disassembly of release tool 1 with threaded connections. A terminal insulator disc 48 may be provided on the upper side of the terminal contact 44 as shown in
The detonator 50 according to the release tool 1 herein receives a signal and is initiated, such that it generates an explosive force. As illustrated in at least
The wireless detonator 50 utilized with the release tool 1 is configured to be electrically contactably received within the detonator housing 32 without using wired electrical connections, such as leg-wires. The wireless detonator 50 forms an electrical connection by inserting the detonator 50 into the detonator sleeve 52, i.e., without the need for manually and physically connecting, cutting or crimping wires as required in a wired electrical connection. Referring to
Wireline subassembly 3 includes a wireline electrical contact subassembly 90 having a detonator contact pin 92, a pin spring 94 and a wireline contact pin 96. The pin spring 94 is electrically conducting and electrically contacts both the detonator contact pin 92 and the wireline contact pin 96. As illustrated in
According to an aspect, and distinguished from alternative detonation activated release tools, the release tool 1 does not require any flammable solids and/or other pressure generating media other than those contained in the detonator shell 100 of the detonator 50. That is, the release tool 1 herein described results in release of the tool string and/or wireline cable by operation of the detonator 50 alone.
Turning now to
According to an aspect, a latch 70 is circumferentially mounted on the external surface of the detonator housing 32. The latch 70 may be substantially cylindrical. According to an embodiment, one or a plurality of shear pins 76 extend through the annular wall of latch 70 and engage pin channels 78 in detonator housing 32 and function to prevent unintentional movement of the latch 70 relative to the detonator housing 32. More to the point, shear pins 76 prevent latch 70 from shifting axially along the outer surface of detonator housing 32. Thus, once latch 70 is properly placed on detonator housing 32, shear pins 76 will hold latch 70 in place relative to the detonator housing 32.
As illustrated in
Of critical importance to the function of latch 70, each flange 64 has an underside 65. Without any radial forces being exerted on fingers 60, flanges 64 do not interfere or interfere minimally with the connecting sleeve 11 such that the assembly step shown in
In light of the foregoing, the primary function of release tool 1, i.e., deliberate disconnection between wireline subassembly 3 and tool string subassembly 2, may be accomplished by eliminating the outward radial forces on fingers 60 by latch 70. In the event that shear pins 76 do not restrain latch 70, axial movement of latch 70 in the upward direction shown in
Associated with the functioning of the expansion chamber 84, one or a plurality of o-rings 72 may be disposed circumferentially in grooves or recesses 74 around the external surface of the connecting sleeve 11 and the latch 70. The o-rings around the connecting sleeve 11 function to provide a tight seal between the outer housing 12 of the wireline subassembly 3 and the outer housing 4 of the tool string subassembly 2. The o-rings around the detonator latch 70 function to seal the expansion chamber 84 of the release tool 1. Collectively, the o-ring(s) in the vicinity of the latch 70 and expansion chamber 84 serve to prevent any fluid from entering the expansion chamber 84 during use of the release tool 1 as well as to assure as great a proportion as possible of the detonation force from detonator 50 remains in the expansion chamber 84.
Upon detonation of detonator 50, rapidly expanding gases fill the radial vents 56 and the expansion chamber 84. Proper sealing of expansion chamber 84, e.g., by various o-rings, results in the expanding gases building pressure within the expansion chamber 84. This pressure builds as the energetic material in detonator 50 continues to burn, exerting an increasing axial force on the latch 70 toward the wireline end of the release tool 1. The amount of energetic material, e.g., volume of explosive load 102, is selected such that the axial force exerted on latch 70 exceeds the force necessary to shear all shear pins 76. Once shear pins 76 are sheared, latch 70 is able to move axially toward the wireline end of the release tool 1. This axial movement of latch 70 will result in latch 70 no longer exerting an outward radial force on fingers 66 and flanges 64 eventually disengageing from connecting sleeve 11. As noted above, this chain of events results in tool string subassembly 2 disconnecting from wireline subassembly 3. Once the tool string has been released, the wireline subassembly 3 and the attached wireline may be safely retrieved from the wellbore.
One or more pressure channels 82 extend through the body of the outer housing 12 of wireline subassembly 3 from the inner chamber to the exterior of outer housing 12. The pressure channels 82 may allow well pressure from the wellbore to enter the release tool 1. According to an aspect, the pressure channels 82 faciliate up to about 20,000 psi of well pressure to enter the release tool 1. When the latch 70 is engaged in the latched position (
In the event that a tool string becomes lodged in a well during a wellbore operation and a decision is made to release the tool string from the wireline, detonation of the release tool 1 may be initiated at the surface by sending a specific, selective signal or series of signals to the detonator 50 in the release tool 1 to initiate detonation of explosive load 102.
As stated, the detonation of explosive load 102 will result in expanding gas filling a portion of the release tool 1 adjacent the detonator 50. The portions of release tool 1 into which expanding gas are directed are the unoccupied portions of central vent 54, radial vents 56 and expansion chamber 84. The total volume into which expanding gases are directed may be referred to as the expansion volume. The ratio of the expansion volume to the volume of the explosive load 102 of the release tool 1 may be approximately 200:1 or lower. According to an aspect, the ratio of expansion volume:explosive load volume may be approximately 100:1 or lower. According to another aspect, the ratio of expansion chamber:explosive volume may be approximately about 70:1 to about 80:1.
The detonative force generated by the detonation of the detonator may also cause o-rings 86 that sealed pressure channels 82 in outer housing 12 to move or reposition away from pressure channels 82. Once the pressure channels 82 are opened, fluid from the well floods into expansion chamber 84 in the interior of the release tool 1, substantially equalizing the pressure inside the release tool 1 relative to the pressure outside the release tool 1 in the well, which may allow the wireline subassembly to be pulled away from the tool string subassembly with only minimal tension. As such, the wireline release tool 1 herein can successfully release the tool string when the wireline cable is slack and no significant tension is loaded onto the wireline. This enables retrieval and recovery of the release tool 1 and any expensive non-expendable items above it, without putting significant tension on the wireline, thereby minimizing or preventing damage to electronic components attached to the wireline cable, allowing retrieved equipment to be readily reused in subsequent operations.
Although the expansion volume of the release tool 1 is essentially constant, i.e., a function of the dimensions of the release tool, the explosive load volume may be varied. One way of increasing the explosive load volume substantially is to extend central vent 54 to form an elongated vent 54a, as illustrated in
Modified expansion chamber 84 of the release tool 1 embodiment illustrated in
A separate removable fishing head 120 threadingly attached to detonator housing 32 is shown in
According to an aspect of the release tool 1 herein, fewer components are required as compared to other ballistic release tools currently available. Further, the optimized functioning of the release tool 1 allows for the ratio of volume inside the expansion chamber 84 to the volume the explosive load 102 is also optimized. As a result of these factors, the size of the release tool 1 herein can be as little as about 25 cm long and weigh as little as about 9 kg. Certain embodiments of the release tool 1 herein are from about 25 cm to about 90 cm.
The present disclosure, in various embodiments, configurations and aspects, includes components, methods, processes, systems and/or apparatus substantially developed as depicted and described herein, including various embodiments, sub-combinations, and subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the present disclosure after understanding the present disclosure. The present disclosure, in various embodiments, configurations and aspects, includes providing devices and processes in the absence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in various embodiments, configurations, or aspects hereof, including in the absence of such items as may have been used in previous devices or processes, e.g., for improving performance, achieving ease and/or reducing cost of implementation.
In this specification and the claims that follow, reference will be made to terms that have the following meanings. The terms “a” (or “an”) and “the” refer to one or more of that entity, thereby including plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “an embodiment” and the like are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term such as “about” is not to be limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Terms such as “first,” “second,” “upper,” “lower” etc. are used to identify one element from another, and unless otherwise specified are not meant to refer to a particular order or number of elements.
The phrases “at least one”, “one or more”, and “and/or” are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “at least one of A, B, or C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, “one or more of A, B, or C” and “A, B, and/or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together. As used herein, the terms “may” and “may be” indicate a possibility of an occurrence within a set of circumstances; a possession of a specified property, characteristic or function; and/or qualify another verb by expressing one or more of an ability, capability, or possibility associated with the qualified verb. Accordingly, usage of “may” and “may be” indicates that a modified term is apparently appropriate, capable, or suitable for an indicated capacity, function, or usage, while taking into account that in some circumstances the modified term may sometimes not be appropriate, capable, or suitable. For example, in some circumstances an event or capacity can be expected, while in other circumstances the event or capacity cannot occur—this distinction is captured by the terms “may” and “may be.”
As used in the claims, the word “comprises” and its grammatical variants logically also subtend and include phrases of varying and differing extent such as for example, but not limited thereto, “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.” Where necessary, ranges have been supplied, and those ranges are inclusive of all sub-ranges therebetween. It is to be expected that variations in these ranges will suggest themselves to a practitioner having ordinary skill in the art and, where not already dedicated to the public, the appended claims should cover those variations.
The foregoing discussion of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing Detailed Description for example, various features of the present disclosure are grouped together in one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the embodiments, configurations, or aspects of the present disclosure may be combined in alternate embodiments, configurations, or aspects other than those discussed above. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the present disclosure requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, the claimed features lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment, configuration, or aspect. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of the present disclosure.
Advances in science and technology may make equivalents and substitutions possible that are not now contemplated by reason of the imprecision of language; these variations should be covered by the appended claims. This written description uses examples to disclose the method, machine and computer-readable medium, including the best mode, and also to enable any person of ordinary skill in the art to practice these, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope thereof is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/663,629 filed Apr. 27, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62663629 | Apr 2018 | US |
