Patent Application
20240212654
The present invention relates to a tuning device for a string instrument and to a string instrument comprising a tuning device according to the general terms of the respective patent claims.
Various tuning devices are known from the state of the art. These are used on electric guitars, in particular. Colloquially, they are called tremolos, although this term is used incorrectly and a tremolo, i.e., a tuning device, is actually a vibrato. These devices make it possible to change the tension of the strings while playing the string instrument, resulting in a change in the pitch of the respective strings. In its original form, a vibrato is suspended, with the tension of the strings acting on the vibrato on the one hand and one or more springs counteracting the string tension on the other. The system is typically adjusted so that the vibrato is suspended and all the strings have a specific basic tuning. These vibratos are typically mounted on a knife edge, which also forms the pivot point. The vibrato can be pivoted around the knife edge so that the string tension is increased. An opposite movement is also possible, so the string tension is reduced.
This type of vibrato has several disadvantages. Several iterations are typically required to tune the string instrument. Changing the tension of a single string affects the entire vibrato and therefore also the tuning of the other strings. If a string breaks while playing, the string instrument is essentially unplayable as the strings lose their original tuning because the system is out of balance.
It is the task of the invention to eliminate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a tuning device for a string instrument is to be provided that makes it possible to tune the string instrument without great effort and preferably prevents or at least reduces the iterative tuning of the strings. Preferably, the tuning device should be insensitive to the failures of individual strings.
This task is solved using the devices defined in the independent patent claims. Further advantageous embodiments result from the dependent patent claims.
The tuning device for a string instrument according to the invention comprises a limiting element and a string clamping device. The limiting element and the string clamping device are pivotally mounted independently of one another, particularly pivotally mounted on a common axis of rotation.
This allows the independent movement of the limiting element on the one hand and the string clamping device on the other.
However, the bearing on a common axis of rotation also enables the string clamping device and the limiting element to move together, whereby the relative displacement of the two elements in relation to each other can be prevented during this movement.
The string clamping device is in operative connection with the limiting element at a stop point. In other words, the string clamping device can be lifted off the limiting element in the first pivoting direction; independent pivoting or rotation in the opposite direction is prevented by the limiting element. In this direction, only joint pivoting of the string clamping device with the limiting element is possible.
This makes it possible to provide a fixed position for the string clamping device. Providing a fixed position makes it easy to tune the individual strings, since changing the tension of a single string has no effect on the other strings.
Of course, the strings are arranged on the string clamping device and exert a certain pre-tension on the device. The limiting element is arranged in such a way that it prevents the string clamping device from moving toward the strings, i.e., it acts against the pretensioning of the strings.
The position and direction are based on a standard arrangement. In this configuration, all strings are pretensions and arranged on the same side of the rotational axis. In this configuration, the pretension is reduced when the tuning device is pressed and increased when it is pulled or lifted. Pulling is accompanied by an increase in the angle in relation to the plane in which the strings are arranged, and pushing is accompanied by a reduction in the angle.
To disengage the string clamping device from the limiting device, it must be moved against the pre-tension of the strings. Therefore, the pre-tension force of the strings must be overcome to separate the string clamping device from the limiting element. This separation changes the length of the strings. Lengthening the strings results in increased tension, leading to a higher pitch. Conversely, shortening the strings reduces the tension, resulting in a lower pitch.
The tuning device can have a stop to limit the swivel movement of the limiting element.
The stop is functionally connected to the limiting element and holds it in a neutral position in one direction of the pivoting movement, preventing pivoting in that direction. However, movement in the opposite direction is possible. In other words, the limiting element can be lifted away from the stop in one pivoting direction, while movement in the opposite pivoting direction is prevented.
The limiting element can thus be held in a neutral position in one direction.
The stop is arranged in such a way that it prevents the limiting element from moving in the direction opposite to the string tension, i.e., it prevents an increase in the pre-tension of the strings.
Preferably, the limiting element is held in contact with the stop by a biasing element, particularly a spring.
The biasing element provides a force greater than the corresponding pretensioning force of the strings. The limiting element is thus securely held on the stop. However, if the force is increased toward the pretensioning force of the strings, for example, when the tuning device is pressed, the force of the biasing element can be exceeded and the limiting element can be lifted off the stop. This allows the pre-tension of the strings to be reduced, which results in a corresponding change in sound.
The biasing element can be attached to the tuning device or the string instrument using an adjusting screw. The pretension of the biasing element can be adjusted using an adjusting screw.
The biasing element can be attached to the limiting element using a fastening bolt. The fastening bolt is preferably adjustable transversely to the axis of rotation so that the suspension point of the biasing element on the limiting element can be adjusted in relation to the axis of rotation. With the same spring tension, different torques can be applied to the limiting element depending on the setting of the fastening bolt.
A tensioning element for adjusting the biasing element or for adjusting the string tension can be arranged on the limiting element. This makes it possible to adjust the tension of all strings simultaneously or to adjust the tensioning element.
The clamping element can have a fixed element and a movable element. The movable element is separated from the fixed element by an adjustable wedge. In the present case, fixed means that the fixed element is arranged in a fixed position on the limiting element, i.e., its relative position to the limiting element. The movable element can be moved relative to the fixed element.
To adjust the string tension, the stop is in operative connection with the movable element. Adjusting the adjusting screw changes the position of the limiting element and thus in the string tension.
To adjust the biasing element, the stop is in operative connection with the fixed element.
In both cases, the biasing element is attached to the movable element.
Thanks to the adjustable wedge, a specific position between the movable element and the fixed element can be set, allowing for the application of varying pre-tensions to the limiting element.
The string clamping device may include at least one clamping mechanism for securing a string, particularly at a variable distance from the pivot axis.
Securing the string at a distance variable to the pivot axis allows for assigning a specific change in the string's pre-tension to a particular pivot position of the string clamping device.
A specific pivot of the string clamping device, for example by 5°, results in a minor shortening or lengthening of the string near the pivot point, and a greater shortening or lengthening of the string further distanced from the pivot point.
A string instrument typically has several strings. A typical example of a string instrument is a guitar. Guitars typically have six strings, each with different elasticities. In other words, different forces must stretch or elongate the strings by the same amount. Stretching the highest sounding string by a certain amount of X results in a certain change in the sound, for example, the pitch of the note changes by a semitone. However, the same stretching of the lowest sounding string by the same amount X does not result in a change in the pitch of this string by a semitone, but in a different change, for example, by 3 to 4 semitones.
To change the pitch of the lowest sounding string by a semitone, this string must be stretched by a different amount.
The provision of clamping devices that can be arranged at different distances from the axis of rotation allows the String clamping device of the tuning device to assign an individual stretch to each string.
Therefore, it is possible to use the tuning device to adjust all the pitches of the strings of a string instrument with a single movement, for example by one semitone each.
This makes it possible to maintain a played chord by a certain distance when the tuning device is actuated. Tuning in the original position can therefore be transferred to another chord in a different position of the tuning device, which corresponds to a specific position of the tuning device. A single string, for example, can also be moved to the pivot point with this type of configuration so that it is not affected when the tuning device is operated. For example, a string that frequently breaks due to excessive overstretching can be excluded from tuning.
The strings on the tuning device can be adjusted so that, for example, the pitch of a first string is altered by a semitone while simultaneously changing the pitch of a second string by a whole tone.
In other words, a variety of combinations and different tunings can be achieved with this setup.
It goes without saying that the clamping mechanisms can be designed in such a way that the distance of the string from the pivot axis can also be negative. In other words, the string can be positioned on both sides of the pivot axis.
For instance, if all the clamping mechanisms are positioned on one side of the pivot axis, moving the string clamping device in one direction results in stretching each string, generally leading to an increase in the pitch of each respective note.
When a clamping mechanism is positioned on the opposite side of the pivot axis, the corresponding string is not stretched but shortened. Consequently, this string may undergo a change in pitch, for instance, by a semitone, but in this case, the pitch of this string is lowered by a semitone.
In such an arrangement, however, the pre-tension of this specific string acts against the pre-tension of the other strings.
The tuning device can feature a pretensioning system, which is attached to the string clamping device with an adjustable fastening bolt or an adjustable bracket, particularly a detent disc.
This creates an element that counteracts the pre-tension force of this specific string, ensuring that the tuning device remains in stable equilibrium. Thus, the respective components, such as the limiting element and the string clamping device, along with their counterparts, namely the stop and the stop point, are reliably kept in contact.
This pretensioning system may include multiple springs.
It may be provided that this pretensioning device is attached to a fastening bolt on the string clamping device. The fastening bolt is preferably adjustable so that the fastening point of the pretensioning device can be adjusted in relation to the axis of rotation. With the same spring tension, different torques can be applied to the string clamping device depending on the setting of the fastening bolt. In particular, the fixing point can be adjusted such that it can be positioned on either side of the axis of rotation. In this way, the string tension can be increased or decreased as required.
If the fixing point is arranged on the axis of rotation, the effect of the pretensioning device can also be bridged.
It is conceivable that the pretensioning system includes multiple springs acting on different sides of the axis of rotation. For this purpose, the fastening bolt can be designed to protrude on both sides of the axis of rotation, allowing, for example, two springs to each engage at one end of the fastening bolt. The adjustability of the fastening bolt allows for the simultaneous adjustment of the springs' attachment points in relation to the axis of rotation.
A corresponding arrangement can also be provided for the preload element if, for example, it is provided by several springs or has an additional preload element.
In all versions, the fastening bolt is preferably arranged such that the respective fastening points are opposite each other in relation to the axis of rotation.
Instead of a fastening bolt, it can also be arranged to attach the springs to a bracket that is adjustable in relation to the string clamping device. This bracket can be locked in position relative to the string clamping device, allowing them to move together. The points of force application of the springs are located on the circumference of the bracket. Depending on the position of the bracket relative to the string clamping device, the forces acting on the string clamping device vary. To enhance the effect, the bracket can also be positioned eccentrically to the axis of rotation.
The bracket can be designed as a two-part locking disk. One half of the locking disk is rigidly connected to the string clamping device, and the second half can have corresponding fastening elements as points of application for the springs.
The two parts of the locking disk can be pressed together by a pre-tensioned spring so that they can only rotate in relation to each other when a certain force is applied. The part of the locking disk with the points of application for the springs can be adjusted accordingly, for example, with a lever tool, so that the spring force of the pretensioning device on the string clamping device changes.
A suitable bracket can also be provided for the biasing element and/or for additional springs, which, for example, may act solely on the limiting element.
Therefore, the biasing element can be attached to the limiting element with an adjustable bracket, whereby the adjustable bracket is designed, in particular, as a locking disk.
The console can also be used with just one point of attack.
The clamping device can, for example, be designed as a series of openings located at different distances from the axis of rotation, particularly on both sides.
In other words, the string clamping device can be designed in the form of a perforated plate, with a specific arrangement of openings provided for each string to be clamped, each forming a clamping mechanism for securing the respective string.
This allows the strings to be clamped in designated positions that enable specific, predefined lengthening or shortening of the respective strings.
Alternatively, the string clamping device can feature a long slot. This long slot particularly extends beyond the axis of rotation and on both sides of it. The clamping mechanism includes a saddle-shaped seat for accommodating the end of a string, which is arranged to be movable along the long slot.
This makes it possible to continuously adjust and move the respective suspension point of a string relative to the axis of rotation. The pitch of the respective strings can be very finely adjusted.
The saddle-shaped seat for holding the end of the string can be designed such that a plug-in axle can be inserted into it, which can be pushed through an eyelet at the end of the string. Preferably, the quick-release axle and the saddle-shaped seat are designed as a snap connection.
This makes it quick and easy to insert and/or change a string.
It may be provided that an adjusting screw is arranged on the tensioning device or on the string clamping device with which the saddle-shaped seat can be moved along the slotted hole.
The clamping device, i.e., the saddle-shaped seat, can be precisely adjusted using an adjusting screw. It is also secured against accidental adjustment.
It can be arranged that the saddle-shaped seat is positioned in a corresponding groove of the string clamping device and can slide within it.
Precise guidance and adjustment are possible.
Additionally, it can be arranged that the adjusting screw is mounted in or on a base which is adjustably positioned in relation to the axis of rotation, particularly within the groove.
This enables quick rough adjustment of the clamping device.
Clamping elements such as a screw can be provided to fix the base in place.
Alternatively, the adjusting screw can be permanently mounted on the string clamping device and the saddle-shaped seat can be moved along the longitudinal axis with the thread of the adjusting screw.
The saddle-shaped seat can feature multiple positions for accommodating a corresponding plug axle.
Additionally, or alternatively, it can be arranged that the limiting element includes at least one deflection device for redirecting a string, particularly at a distance variable to the axis of rotation.
This design allows for the space-efficient integration of the tuning device, particularly within the existing body of a string instrument. The variable distance of the deflection device, as previously described for the clamping mechanism, enables the assignment of an individual stretch to each string for a specific rotational movement of the string clamping device within the tuning device. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the pitch of all the strings of a string instrument by a semitone, for example, with a single movement of the tuning device.
For further advantages and technical details of the deflection device, please refer to the corresponding description in relation to the clamping device. These apply analogously.
The deflection device can have an elongated hole, whereby this elongated hole extends, in particular, over the axis of rotation and on both sides. The deflection device has a deflection roller that is displaceable along the slot.
This enables continuous adjustment and shifting of the respective deflection points of a string relative to the rotational axis. The pitch of the respective strings can be very finely adjusted.
The deflection roller can be arranged on an axle, which in turn is arranged on a carriage. The carriage is slidably mounted in the slotted hole so that its distance can be adjusted in relation to the rotational axis.
This design allows safe, stable, and precise guidance of the deflection pulley and therefore precise adjustment of the deflection device.
It can be arranged that the deflection pulley along the long slot is movable with an adjusting screw. The adjusting screw is functionally connected to the carriage, allowing it to be moved via the adjusting screw.
Alternatively, it is also possible to dispense with the adjusting screw and simply clamp the slide in the slotted hole with a screw that passes through the slotted hole. This type of clamping is analogous to the clamping of the base of the clamping device, as described above.
In this case, the strings can be arranged on the string clamping device without the possibility of adjustment because the adjustment can be performed via the deflection device.
A saddle-shaped seat can also be used for fastening, as described for the clamping device.
In the version with a deflection device, there may be settings in which the strings exert only a slight tension. A pretensioning device of the tuning device can be provided to support and/or ensure the return of the string clamping device to its original position, particularly the center position.
The pretensioning system can be designed as a compression spring or a coil spring, positioned between the limiting element or a body of the string instrument, or a mounting frame of the tuning device, and the string clamping device.
Alternatively, the pretensioning device could be designed as a torsion spring.
In the case where the strings are arranged at the string clamping device without adjustment possibility, since the adjustment can be made via the deflection device, a simplified form of the tuning device can also be provided.
In this alternative embodiment, the string clamping device can be an integral part of the limiting element; in other words, the limiting element and the string clamping device are formed as one piece and are not independently pivotable. This combined element is subsequently referred to as a block.
The deflection device features a pulley, which is arranged adjustable in relation to the rotational axis of the tuning device and perpendicular to this axis.
The strings are clamped directly at the block, preferably at an end distanced from the rotational axis. The string clamping device is thereby reduced to a clamping mechanism.
This results in the following configuration. The tuning device includes a block. The block is pivotally mounted around and particularly on a rotational axis and features a deflection device to redirect a string, especially a deflection device with a pulley. The deflection device is arranged adjustable in relation to the rotational axis of the tuning device and perpendicular to this axis.
A clamping mechanism is arranged on the block.
The clamping mechanism for clamping the strings is preferably positioned opposite the deflection device, that is, on a side opposite in relation to the rotational axis.
By arranging an adjustable deflection device at the limiting element, and thus as described here at the block, each string can be individually adjusted and a very high tuning stability can also be achieved. The strings are stretched over their entire length when tuning, including between the clamping mechanism and the deflection device. Since the deflection device features a pulley, the string can stretch or contract essentially friction-free along its entire length and also return to its original position. This ensures that after operating the tuning device, the strings regain their original tuning. This is not the case with friction-based systems.
To limit the pivoting movement of the block, the tuning device can have a stop. The stop is operatively connected with the block and holds it in a first direction of the pivoting movement in a neutral position and prevents pivoting in this direction. However, movement in the opposite direction is possible. In other words, the block can be lifted from the stop in a first pivoting direction and movement in the opposite pivoting direction is prevented.
The block can thus be held in a neutral position in one direction.
The stop is arranged to prevent movement of the block in the direction opposite the string tension, thus preventing an increase in the pretensioning of the strings.
Preferably, the block is held in contact with the stop by a biasing element, particularly a spring.
The biasing element provides a force greater than a corresponding pretensioning force of the strings. The block is thereby securely held on the stop. However, if the force towards the pretensioning force of the strings is increased, such as by pressing the tuning device, the force of the biasing element can be exceeded and lifting the block from the stop is enabled. This allows for a reduction in the pretensioning of the strings, resulting in a corresponding change in sound.
It should be noted that with this configuration of block and stop, tuning in only one direction is possible. However, this is sufficient in many cases.
This configuration allows, as already described, for tuning the string instrument without performing a multitude of iterations. The increase or decrease in tension of a single string does not affect the tuning of the other strings.
This configuration is particularly advantageous in connection with a bridge that features a pulley for each string. A corresponding bridge is further described below.
There is also the possibility to use the present configuration without a stop, to allow tuning in both directions. The advantages of tuning stability are also retained in such a freely floating configuration.
To pivot the limiting element and/or the string clamping device, or the block, an actuating lever can be arranged on the tuning device.
The tuning device can be actuated as required using an actuating lever. An actuating lever also enables the tuning device to be actuated from outside the housing, for example. A relatively high torque can also be applied with relatively little force via an actuating lever, provided that the actuating lever has appropriate lever ratios.
It may be provided that the actuating lever is connected to the string clamping device via a pull rod.
By providing a pull rod, the actuating lever can also be arranged at a distance from the tuning device. This is particularly advantageous if, for example, the tuning device has to be accommodated inside the string instrument, for example, inside the body of a string instrument. Depending on the design of the string instrument, it may be necessary to place the tuning device relatively far from the location where the strings are manually played. To shorten the reach of the playing hand, it is particularly envisaged to position the actuation lever close to the natural position of, for example, the playing hand. Connecting the actuation lever via a pull rod is advantageous especially in these layouts.
Preferably, the actuation lever is arranged in a holding element and, in particular, its height relative to the holding element is adjustable.
Therefore, the operating lever can be arranged in different positions relative to the holding element. This allows, for example, individual adjustment of the operating lever for the respective players of the string instrument.
Additionally, or alternatively, such adjustability allows for positioning the actuation lever relative to the holding element in a way that at least one of its components, depending on its placement, protrudes to varying extents from the holding element. Depending on the setting of the actuation lever, this enables interaction with a corresponding counterpart, such as a stop.
At least one stop can be arranged on the tuning device, which is or can be functionally connected to the actuation lever. This stop can limit the movement of the actuation lever particularly depending on the adjusted height of the actuation lever.
It may be provided that the actuating lever is not in contact with the stop at a first set height or cannot be brought into contact with the stop, so that the tuning device can be actuated in both directions.
At a second set height, the stop can be designed in such a way that the movement of the actuating lever is restricted in the first direction, for example, when it is pressed. This makes it possible to always achieve the same tuning when moving the actuating lever up to this stop.
Also, at a second or another adjusted height, it can be arranged that the movement of the actuation lever in its second direction is limited, such as when pulling.
Consequently, moving the actuation lever up to this stop can always achieve precisely the same tuning.
It may be provided that at a further set height, the actuation of the actuating lever is restricted in both its first and second directions.
The respective stop may be adjustable with an adjusting screw, which makes it possible to vary the pitch change.
At another adjusted height, it can be arranged that the actuation lever is completely fixed and cannot be moved in either of the two possible directions. It may be arranged that this fixation is identical to the neutral position of the tuning device. However, it is also conceivable that this fixation is identical to the stop concerning the second adjusted height or another adjusted height, so that with the appropriate setting of the strings, they are fixed in an unchangeable tuning of the string instrument.
This makes it possible, for example, to transpose the basic tuning of the instrument up or down.
It can be provided that it has circumferential grooves into which, for example, a ball catch can engage for fixing the respective height of the actuation lever.
The tuning device can have a bridge to support the strings. This makes it possible to provide a tuning device that provides all elements together in a single device from the point of contact of the string at the end of its vibrating length. This makes it possible to provide a system with precisely matched components.
The bridge can feature a deflection pulley for each string, providing a contact point for the respective string. The deflection pulley is adjustable along the longitudinal extension of the string. To adjust the deflection pulley, an adjusting screw may be provided, which acts against the tension of the string.
This allows for the precise adjustment of the string's vibrating length, thereby ensuring the accurate intonation of the frets.
The adjusting screw is arranged such that it is under pressure.
This allows additional space to be created in the area between the deflection pulley and the tuning device.
The adjusting screw preferably has a spherical head, which is spherically mounted in the bridge.
Therefore, the screw can be rotated around its longitudinal axis, allowing the deflection pulley to be moved. On the other hand, this type of mounting ensures that the adjusting screw is immovable in all directions, thus providing a fixed holding point.
The deflection pulley can be arranged in a holder in which the adjusting screw is engaged.
This holder is preferably adjustable in height, which in generic use means its distance, for example, from the guitar body, can be varied. Two adjustable elements, particularly set screws, can be provided for this purpose.
Alternatively, it is conceivable to forego the adjusting screw and provide three or more, particularly four, adjustable elements to maintain the holder at the correct height. To fix the holder and thus the deflection pulley in place, a detachable connection to the bridge can be arranged, preferably a screw that engages from below through the bridge into the holder.
This bridge configuration is particularly advantageous with a version of the string clamping device featuring a block, as described above.
A further aspect of the invention relates to a string instrument, particularly a guitar, comprising a tuning device as described here.
All components of the string instrument can be matched to each other and adjusted accordingly so that the instrument has an individual and precise configuration.
Additionally, it is possible to equip the string instrument with fine tuners. In this case, it would be possible to secure the strings in the area of the nut, i.e., at the transition to the headstock. The fixation occurs between the nut and the tuning pegs. A fine tuner can be positioned between the fixation and the nut, as known, for example, from US Patent 2014/0260890 A1.
Alternatively, it would be possible to fix the strings directly to the saddle and provide fine-tuning elements on the string clamping device. In particular, it would be possible, for example, to arrange the string ends on an element that is adjustable toward the string, such as a sleeve. This could be adjustable in height using a fine thread so that the tension of the string can be easily increased or decreased.
The tuning device can have deflection rollers, which are designed as adjustable rollers, in particular.
By providing deflection pulleys, the strings can be individually inserted into a string instrument housing and/or guided within this housing.
It would also be conceivable to design the deflection rollers as adjustable rollers. In this case, they are preferably arranged between a bridge on which the strings rest and the string clamping device. In this form, they form additional tensioning elements with which the string tension can be adjusted. This arrangement also enables fine tuning.
Additionally, a “Dropped-D” function could be provided by means of a comparable element, such as an adjustable roller between the bridge and the string clamping device, which acts on a single string. This roller could, for example, be brought into an active position and back again by pressing a button or flipping a lever. A latching pressure switch, for instance, is suitable for this purpose. The active position, for example, involves an adjustment to a specific pitch.
Both the Dropped D function and the fine tuners are compatible with all the design examples.
All rotationally movable elements, such as deflection rollers, string clamping devices, and limiting elements, can be supported by ball bearings. Ceramic ball bearings, in particular, can be used because they have extremely low friction coefficients and are maintenance-free.
The invention is explained below with the aid of schematic drawings and figures. It shows:
To hold the limiting element 20 in the position shown here and in contact with stop 50, it is pulled toward stop 50 by a biasing element 21. The biasing element 21 is illustrated here by the force vector F.
At the string clamping device 30, a clamping mechanism 31 is arranged, which is not further illustrated in this representation. Exemplified here are a first string 10 and a second string 10′. Both strings 10 and 10′ rest on the bridge 8. By means of the clamping mechanism 31, a first end 11 of the first string 10 and a second end 11′ of the second string 10′ are held at a specific distance from the axis of rotation 40 on the string clamping device 30. The distance between the first string end 11 and the pivot point 40 is greater than the distance between the second string end 11′ and the pivot point 40.
The string clamping device 30 rests with one end on a stop point 25 of the limiting element 20. Consequently, the string clamping device 30 can only be moved in direction P3 around the pivot axis 40, as it rests against the limiting element 20 in the opposite direction, which prevents rotation in that direction, unless the force F of the biasing element 21 is overcome.
The strings 10 and 10′, as well as other possible strings not shown here, exert a pre-tension force on the tuning device 1, which collectively acts in the direction of arrow P2. The force F, applied by the biasing element 21, results in a torque around the pivot axis 40, which is greater than the torque caused by the pre-tension force of the strings 10. Accordingly, the tuning device 1 remains in the position shown in
Compared to
The distance between bridge 8 and the second string end 11′ has also been increased compared with the illustration in
Since the attachment of the second string end 11′ is closer to the pivot axis 40, the stretching or lengthening of the second string 10′ is less than the elongation of the first string 10. With identical strings, the second string 10′ would thus experience a different change in pitch than the first string 10. However, in this case, the strings 10 and 10′ have different characteristics, so that in the position shown here, the pitch of both has changed by one semitone each. Depending on the distance of the respective string ends 11 and 11′ from the pivot axis 40, different combinations of (harmonic) string relations can be preset.
Compared to
The distance between bridge 8 and the second string end 11′ is also shortened compared to the illustration in
Since the attachment point of the second string end 11′ is closer to the pivot axis 40, the shortening of the second string 10′ is less pronounced than the shortening of the first string 10. If the strings were identical, the second string 10′ would thus experience a different pitch change than the first string 10. However, in this case, strings 10 and 10′ have different properties, so that in the position shown here, the pitch of both strings has changed by a semitone each. Depending on the distance of the respective string ends 11 and 11′ from the pivot axis 40, different combinations of (harmonic) string relations can thus be preset.
In principle, it is also conceivable to arrange the string ends 11 and 11′ in relation to the pivot axis 40 on the string clamping device 30 such that the first string end 11 is positioned on one side of the pivot axis 40 and the second string end 11′ on the other side. In other words, a swiveling movement of the string clamping device 30 results in shortening the length of one string 10 and lengthening the other string 10′, or vice versa, leading to corresponding changes in their pitches. However, this schematic representation does not show the actual extension of the string clamping device.
This particular embodiment of the tuning device 1 allows for upgrading existing guitars.
As can be seen in
Several clamping mechanisms are arranged on the string clamping device, with only one of these mechanisms marked with a reference numeral for illustration purposes.
A clamping element 28 is arranged on the limiting element 20, which is pivotally mounted on the limiting element 20 with the axis of rotation 281. Shown by the arrow F is a biasing element, which is not described or shown here in more detail and is connected to the tensioning element 28. The clamping element 28 is pulled in the direction of the arrow F by the force of this biasing element. The clamping element 28 rests with a stop on the limiting element 20. Accordingly, the limiting element 20 is pivoted about the rotation 40 axis. This swivel movement is limited by a stop not shown here.
A corresponding stop 50 is shown in
The string clamping device 30 is mounted on both sides of the pivot axis 40 and embraces the limiting device 20 on two sides, each with a leg. The stop points of the string clamping device, which are designed as surfaces in this case, are located between the legs.
In contrast,
The deflection pulley 92 can be moved toward the double arrow in slotted hole 91 and its distance from the axis of rotation 40 can therefore be adjusted.
The tuning device 1 is actuated in the representation according to
In the illustration shown in
The carriage 94 can be moved relative to the axis of rotation 40 together with the guide pulley 92 using the adjusting screw 93.
The elongated slot 91 extends with respect to the pivot axis 40 beyond the pivot axis 40, meaning it spans both sides of the pivot axis 40. The carriage 94 with the redirecting pulley 92 can thus be moved to either side of the pivot axis 40, resulting in varying changes in pitch when the tuning device 1 is operated.
The deflection device 90 can also be fastened in the same way as shown in
The actuating lever 60 features several circumferential notches. A ball catch, not shown in detail, positioned in a bore perpendicular to the holding element 62, engages with these notches 64, securing the actuating lever in a specific position.
In this instance, three notches 64 are displayed, and the actuating lever 60 can thus be locked at three different heights. Also visible in
For this purpose, the respective deflection devices provided for the corresponding string are arranged in an end position such that they do not interfere with the respective strings. In other words, strings 10 arranged in the dummy clamping devices 80 are excluded from tuning.
The dummy tensioning devices 80 are designed similarly to the clamping devices 31. Both the dummy tensioning devices 80 and the clamping devices 31 feature a central opening with grooves on both sides. These grooves are designed as snap connections for corresponding plug axles, which can be pushed through openings in the loops of the string ends.
The grooves form a saddle-shaped receptacle. A similar description is also provided in relation to
In
A tensioning device 31 is also arranged on the string clamping device 30 for each string of the instrument 5. For clarity, however, only one of the tensioning devices 31 is provided with a reference number. An actuating lever 60 is also arranged on the string clamping device 30, which can be pivoted about the axis of rotation 40. A stop 50 for limiting the pivoting movement of the limiting element 20 is also arranged on the frame 70.
In contrast to a free-floating tuning device, this device enables simple tuning with fewer iterations. After tuning, stop 50 can be pushed away from limiting element 20 again. The tuning device is then free-floating. To center the tuning device, the biasing element 21 or the additional biasing element 26 can be pretensions almost until the tuning device is centered or balanced in the desired position (see also
In the illustration shown in
A fastening bolt 22 is also arranged on the limiting element 20. A biasing element 21, which is designed as a coil spring in this case, extends from the fastening bolt 22 to the retaining plate 23. The retaining plate 23 is fastened to frame 70 with a set screw 24. The fastening bolt 22 can be adjusted transversely to the axis of rotation 40 so that the suspension point of the biasing element 21 can be adjusted in relation to the axis of rotation 22. In the present embodiment, a further spring is arranged next to biasing element 21 as an additional biasing element 26, which is also fastened to fastening bolt 22.
This arrangement enables precise adjustment of the pretensioning force acting on the limiting element 22.
The adjustment screw 24 can be used to set the overall tension of the biasing element 21 and the spring of the additional biasing element 26, if present. The torques resulting from this overall tension can be precisely set by adjusting the fastening bolt 22.
Referring back to the schematic in
However, if, for example, a string is fastened below the axis of rotation 40, as shown in
Alternatively, it would also be possible to provide a spring on the string clamping device 30, for example, which is adjustable in relation to the axis of rotation 40. In the event of an imbalance of the torque around the axis of rotation 40 as described here, its attachment point on the string clamping device can, for example, be adjusted in relation to the axis of rotation 40 in such a way that a replacement force is provided for the original pretensioning force of the strings.
A bracket can be provided for adjusting these springs, as described in
As already explained, these springs can be replaced by a single spring that engages with the string clamping device 60 and is adjustable in relation to the axis of rotation 40 (see
The string clamping device 30 has several adjacent guide grooves 35 in which the respective tensioning devices 31 are mounted and can be moved.
It would be conceivable to make the deflection pulleys 71 adjustable and thus enable fine tuning. Fine tuning is the adjustment of the tension of the strings at a defined clamping length. The corresponding design is explained in
The tuning device 1 shown in
The tuning device 1, as shown in
In the current illustration, the limiting element 20 is held by the stop 50, allowing the limiting element to pivot only in one direction. A biasing element 21, which is configured as a spring in this instance, is positioned on the limiting element 20. This spring is affixed to the limiting element with a loop and also to a pivotable mounting plate 23 on the frame 70. The pivotable mounting plate 23 facilitates the adjustment of various pretensions in the biasing element 21.
A second spring is arranged on the limiting element 20 as an additional preload element 26, which is optional.
This spring is also arranged on an unspecified mounting plate, which is also pivotable. With the spring and the preload element 21, precise adjustment of the tuning device 1 is possible, particularly in the cases described in
Thus, springs 381 and 382 are fastened to the string clamping device 30 in an elongated hole so that their point of application to the string clamping device can be adjusted. In addition, springs 381 and 382 are fastened to frame 70 by fastening elements not described in more detail, these fastening elements being adjustable, in particular, so that the spring force can be adjusted.
The springs 381 and 382 are arranged between the frame 70 and the tuning device 30. In the position shown here, the springs are arranged such that they act on the string clamping device 30 against the pretensioning force of the strings. This simplifies the operation of lever 60.
As already explained, these springs 381 and 382 could be replaced by a single spring that engages on the string clamping device 30 and is adjustable in relation to the axis of rotation 40 (see
As an alternative to the sliding guide, springs 381 and 382 can be attached to a bracket that is adjustable in relation to the string clamping device.
This bracket can be locked in relation to the string clamping device so that it can be moved with the bracket. The points of action of the springs are on the circumference of the bracket. The forces acting on the string clamping device vary depending on the position of the bracket relative to the string clamping device. To increase the effect, the bracket can also be arranged eccentrically to the axis of rotation. A corresponding embodiment is shown in
To adjust the distance between the axis of rotation 40 and the clamping device 31, the latter has an adjusting screw 34. The adjusting screw 34 is attached to a base 36, which in turn is attached to the string clamping device 30 with a clamping element 37, which is designed as a screw in the present case.
An elongated hole 33 is provided on the string clamping device 30, which extends on both sides over the axis of rotation 40. The string 10 is guided through this elongated hole 33.
Fine adjustment of the position of the clamping element 31 in relation to the axis of rotation 40 can be made using the adjusting screw 34. The rough adjustment can be made by moving base 36 along slotted hole 33.
The clamping device 31 is designed as an essentially L-shaped element. This profile has a recess or central opening in the middle with grooves on both sides that form a saddle-shaped receptacle, which is designed as a snap connection for corresponding plug-in axles 81, which can be pushed through openings in the eyelets of string ends 11. The L-shaped elements are slidably mounted in the guide grooves 35.
The L-shaped elements are attached to the base 36 with adjusting screws 34. The base 36 is in turn attached to the string clamping device 30 with a clamping element 37, which is designed as a screw. By loosening the clamping element 37, the entire arrangement can be easily moved along the slotted hole 33. This enables quick rough adjustment. For fine adjustment, the L-shaped element can also be moved precisely along the slotted hole 33 using the adjusting screw 34.
The clamping device 31 and the associated elements shown in
A string 10 is guided over the bridge 8. The bridge 8 has a deflection pulley 4. The string 10 extends from deflection pulley 4 to pulley 76 of the fine tuner and from there to the tensioning device 31. The end of the string 10 is attached to the tensioning device 31. By adjusting the knurled screw, which is not described in more detail here, the tension of string 10, i.e., the entry angle of the string relative to the exit angle of the string 10, can be adjusted in relation to the roller 76 of the fine tuner 75.
The fine tuner 75 is designed such that roller 76 moves in a sliding guide and is moved axially along the thread of the knurled screw by turning the knurled screw. For this purpose, the head of the knurled screw can be connected to bridge 8 in such a way that it rests against the bridge 8 and a nut at the end of the knurled screw limits its movement. Alternatively, roller 76 can be attached to the knurled screw in a non-adjustable manner, and the adjustment can be achieved by screwing the knurled screw in or out of a corresponding thread on the bridge 8. Different heights of the respective knurled screw can be used to determine whether the strings are affected or not, i.e., whether the strings have been fine-tuned accordingly.
The fine tuner 75 is an integral part of bridge 8.
Another roller could be provided between roller 76 of the fine tuner 75 and the clamping device 31 so that the adjustment of the fine tuner has no effect on the function of the tuning device.
The fixed point of deflection pulley 4 in relation to the tuning device would then be moved behind the fine tuner.
The arrangement and design of the fastening lever 60 of the tuning device 1 according to
The tuning device 1 according to
The tension element 28 is in this case an integral part of the boundary element 20 (see, for example,
It is evident that the device shown in
This adjusting screw 85 engages in a threaded bore 89 in a holder 87 in which the pulley 4 is mounted. The holder 87 has two set screws 88 to adjust the height of the pulley 4 in relation to the body of the stringed instrument. The adjusting screw 85 is oriented substantially in the direction of the string 10 and is under pressure, opposing the string tension and experiencing a compressive load. To securely hold the adjusting screw 85, a spherical receptacle is provided in the bridge, and the adjusting screw 85 has a matching spherical head 86 for this purpose. The adjusting screw 85 is thus spherical in its bearing. It is provided that the bridge (8) in this area is constructed in two parts, and the spherical receptacle is formed half in each of the corresponding parts. This allows the spherical head to be inserted into these two halves and then screwed together so that the adjusting screw 85 is securely held.
This embodiment of the bridge makes it possible to create additional space between the bridge 8 and the other elements of the tuning device, for example, for the movement of the string clamping device and/or the limiting element.
It is understood this bridge 8 can be combined with all embodiments of the disclosed tuning devices 1.
To adjust the distance between the axis of rotation 40 and the tensioning device 31, the latter has an adjusting screw 34. This adjusting screw 34 is arranged on two cams projecting from the string clamping device 30 so that it can be rotated about its longitudinal axis but is fixed in its axial position.
An elongated hole 33 is provided on the string clamping device 30, which extends on both sides over the axis of rotation 40. The string 10 is guided through this elongated hole 33.
The position of the clamping element 31 in relation to the axis of rotation 40 can be adjusted using the adjusting screw 34.
The clamping device 31 is essentially designed as a U-shaped profile, whereby it has several recesses in its flanks that form saddle-shaped receptacles, which are designed as snap-in connections for corresponding plug-in axles 81, which can be pushed through openings in the eyelets of string ends 11.
An internal thread is arranged on the side of this U-shaped profile, which interacts with the adjusting screw 34. By turning the adjusting screw 34, the U-shaped profile and thus an eyelet of a string, which is held in the saddle-shaped holder by a plug-in axle 81, can therefore be moved along the elongated hole 33 and thus a distance from the axis of rotation 40 can be set.
The clamping device 31 and the associated elements shown in
The rotational axis 40 is arranged on a mounting frame 3, which also provides a bridge 4, on which the strings 10, not shown here for simplicity, are placed. The bridge 8 has a movable deflection pulley 4 for each string. The vibrating length of each string can be individually adjusted with these deflection pulleys 4. Corresponding deflection pulleys are shown in
There can be dummy tensioning devices 80 arranged on the frame 3 of the tuning device, as shown in
In other words, strings 10 that are arranged in the dummy tensioning devices 80 are excluded from tuning.
The dummy tensioning devices 80 are designed similarly to the clamping mechanisms 31. They can be designed as already described. In this case, both the dummy tensioning devices 80 and the clamping mechanisms 31 have a central opening with grooves on both sides, which are designed as a snap connection for corresponding plug-in axles that can be pushed through openings of the string ends' eyelets. The grooves form a saddle-shaped receptacle. A corresponding description can also be found for
The tuning device 1′ is shown in an activated state in
The statements made in the present description regarding the stop 50 and the biasing element are analogously applicable.
The configuration according to
In alternative embodiments, instead of tension springs as shown in the figures, compression springs can also be used. Both tension springs and compression springs can be designed as coil springs. For compression springs, wave springs or disc springs can also be used. Alternatively, torsion springs, helical springs, or spiral springs may be suitable, or even simple leaf springs that are, for example, clamped on one side to the string clamping device or the limiting element and rest on a corresponding abutment.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 070115/2021 | Jul 2021 | CH | national |
This application is a Continuation-in-Part of International application number PCT/EP2022/071200 filed Jul. 28, 2022, which claims priority to Swiss application serial number CH070115/2021 filed Jul. 29, 2021.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/EP2022/071200 | Jul 2022 | WO |
| Child | 18424160 | US |
