Claims
- 1. A developing roller for electrophotography, comprising:a conductive mandrel; a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to a non-magnetic, one-component toner, formed at a surface of said developing roller; a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to a position of said mandrel than a position of said charge-providing layer; and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between the positions of said base layer and said charge-providing layer, wherein a contact angle to water of said intermediate layer is smaller than a contact angle to water of said base layer.
- 2. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said developing roller has a net resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω to 1×108 Ω.
- 3. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said developing roller has a net resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω to 1×106 Ω.
- 4. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said base layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108 Ω·cm.
- 5. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108 Ω·cm.
- 6. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said charge-providing layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108 Ω·cm.
- 7. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr of 50 degrees or below.
- 8. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr in a range of 20 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 9. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb in a range of 15 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 10. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm in a range of 20 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 11. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationships:Hr≧Hb andHm≧Hb.
- 12. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationship:Hr≧Hm≧Hb.
- 13. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationship:Hr≧Hm>Hb.
- 14. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said base layer is a rubber layer.
- 15. The developing roller according to claim 14, wherein said rubber layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber.
- 16. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said base layer is composed of a material having a porous structure.
- 17. The developing roller according to claim 16, wherein said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of rubber selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, urethane rubber, and nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 18. The developing roller according to claim 16, wherein said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber.
- 19. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate layer is composed primarily of rubber selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, urethane rubber, and nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 20. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber.
- 21. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 22. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said base layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber, andwherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber.
- 23. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, andwherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 24. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said charge-providing layer is bonded to said intermediate layer by means of an adhesive.
- 25. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said charge-providing layer is composed primarily of resin having a charge polarity opposite to a charge polarity of the non-magnetic, one-component toner.
- 26. The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein said charge-providing layer is composed primarily of resin selected from the group consisting of polyamide resin, acrylic urethane resin, acrylic polyester urethane resin, and acrylic silicone resin.
- 27. A developing apparatus comprising:a toner hopper for containing therein a non-magnetic, one-component toner for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of an image bearing member; and a developing roller for transporting the non-magnetic, one-component toner from said toner hopper, while causing the toner to adhere to a surface of said developing roller, wherein said developing roller includes: a conductive mandrel; a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to the toner, formed at said surface of said developing roller; a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to a position of said mandrel than a position of said charge-providing layer; and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between positions of said base layer and said charge-providing layer, wherein a contact angle to water of said intermediate layer is smaller than a contact angle to water of said base layer.
- 28. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said developing roller has a net resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω to 1×108 Ω.
- 29. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said developing roller has a net resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω to 1×106 Ω.
- 30. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said base layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108 Ω·cm.
- 31. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said intermediate layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108 Ω·cm.
- 32. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said charge-providing layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108Ω·cm.
- 33. The developing roller according to claim 27, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, of 50 degrees or below.
- 34. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr in a range of 20 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 35. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb in a range of 15 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 36. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm in a range of 20 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 37. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationships:Hr≧Hb andHm≧Hb.
- 38. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationship:Hr≧Hm≧Hb.
- 39. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationship:Hr≧Hs>Hb.
- 40. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said base layer is rubber layer.
- 41. The developing apparatus according to claim 40, wherein said rubber layer is composed primarily of solid silicone rubber.
- 42. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said base layer is composed of a material having a porous structure.
- 43. The developing apparatus according to claim 42, wherein said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of rubber selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, urethane rubber, and nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 44. The developing apparatus according to claim 42, wherein said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber.
- 45. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said intermediate layer is composed primarily of rubber selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, urethane rubber, and nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 46. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber.
- 47. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 48. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein, said base layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber, andwherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber.
- 49. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein, said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, andwherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 50. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said charge-providing layer is bonded to said intermediate layer by means of an adhesive.
- 51. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said charge-providing layer is composed primarily of resin having a charge polarity opposite to a charge polarity of the non-magnetic, one-component toner.
- 52. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said charge-providing layer is composed primarily of resin selected from the group consisting of polyamide resin, acrylic urethane resin, acrylic polyester urethane resin, and acrylic silicone resin.
- 53. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising a toner feed roller for feeding to said developing roller the non-magnetic, one-component toner contained in said toner hopper, and said toner feed roller is in contact with said surface of said developing roller.
- 54. The developing apparatus according to claim 53, further comprising an agitation means for agitating the non-magnetic, one-component toner contained in said toner hopper and transporting and feeding the toner to a side of said toner feed roller.
- 55. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising a developing blade for regulating a coat quantity and a charge quantity of the non-magnetic, one-component toner on said developing roller, and said developing blade is disposed so as to come into contact with said surface of said developing roller.
- 56. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said developing roller is disposed so as to come into contact with said surface of said image bearing member.
- 57. The developing apparatus according to claim 56, wherein a development bias voltage is applied to said developing roller at a time of a development operation.
- 58. The developing apparatus according to claim 57, wherein the development bias voltage is a direct-current bias voltage.
- 59. The developing apparatus according to claim 56, wherein said developing roller is rotated at a speed so as to have a difference in speed from a speed of said surface of said image bearing member.
- 60. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner has a shape factor SF-1 in a range of 100 to 160 and a shape factor SF-2 in a range of 100 to 140.
- 61. The developing apparatus according to claim 60, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner is obtained by subjecting a polymerizable monomer composition having at least a polymerizable monomer and a colorant, to suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium.
- 62. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner includes a core/shell structure in which a core composed primarily of a wax having a melting point in a range of 40° C. to 90° C. and the core is covered with a shell composed primarily of resin.
- 63. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner includes a core/shell structure in which a core composed primarily of a wax having a melting point in a range of 40° C. to 90° C. is covered with a shell composed primarily of resin, and has a shape factor SF-1 in a range of 100 to 160 and a shape factor SF-2 in a range of 100 to 140.
- 64. The developing apparatus according to claim 63, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner is obtained by subjecting a polymerizable monomer composition having at least a polymerizable monomer, a colorant and the wax, to suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium.
- 65. The developing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein an external additive is externally added to the non-magnetic, one-component toner.
- 66. The developing apparatus according to claim 65, wherein said additive comprises a hydrophobic inorganic fine powder.
- 67. An apparatus unit detachably mountable to the main body of an image-forming apparatus, comprising:a toner hopper for containing therein a non-magnetic, one-component toner for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of an image bearing member; and a developing roller for transporting the non-magnetic, one-component toner contained in said toner hopper, while causing the toner to adhere to a surface of said developing roller, wherein said developing roller includes: a conductive mandrel; a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to the toner, formed at said surface of said developing roller; a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to a position of said mandrel than a position of said charge-providing layer; and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between positions of said base layer and said charge-providing layer, wherein a contact angle to water of said intermediate layer is smaller than a contact angle to water of said base layer.
- 68. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said developing roller has a net resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω to 1×108 Ω.
- 69. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said developing roller has a net resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω to 1×106 Ω.
- 70. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said base layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108 Ω·cm.
- 71. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said intermediate layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108 Ω·cm.
- 72. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said charge-providing layer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1×104 Ω·cm to 1×108 Ω·cm.
- 73. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr in a range of 50 degrees or below.
- 74. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr in a range of 20 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 75. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb in a range of 15 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 76. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm in a range of 20 degrees to 50 degrees.
- 77. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationships:Hr≧Hb andHm≧Hb.
- 78. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationship:Hr≧Hm≧Hb.
- 79. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said developing roller has an Asker-C hardness Hr, said base layer has an Asker-C hardness Hb, and said intermediate layer has an Asker-C hardness Hm, which satisfy the following relationship:Hr≧Hm>Hb.
- 80. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said base layer is a rubber layer.
- 81. The apparatus unit according to claim 80, wherein said rubber layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber.
- 82. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said base layer is composed of a material having a porous structure.
- 83. The apparatus unit according to claim 82, wherein said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of rubber selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, urethane rubber, and nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 84. The apparatus unit according to claim 82, wherein said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber.
- 85. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said intermediate layer is composed primarily of rubber selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, urethane rubber, and nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 86. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber.
- 87. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 88. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said base layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber, andwherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of silicone rubber.
- 89. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein, said base layer is a foamed rubber layer composed primarily of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, andwherein said intermediate layer is a solid rubber layer composed primarily of nitrile-butadiene rubber.
- 90. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said charge-providing layer is bonded to said intermediate layer by means of an adhesive.
- 91. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said charge-providing layer is composed primarily of resin having a charge polarity opposite to a charge polarity of the non-magnetic, one-component toner.
- 92. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said charge-providing layer is composed primarily of resin selected from the group consisting of polyamide resin, acrylic urethane resin, acrylic polyester urethane resin, and acrylic silicone resin.
- 93. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, further comprising a toner feed roller for feeding to said developing roller the non-magnetic, one-component toner contained in said toner hopper, and said toner feed roller is disposed so as to contact with said surface of said developing roller.
- 94. The apparatus unit according to claim 93, further comprising an agitation means for agitating the non-magnetic, one-component toner contained in said toner hopper and transporting and feeding the toner to a side of said toner feed roller.
- 95. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, further comprising a developing blade for regulating a coat quantity and a charge quantity of the non-magnetic, one-component toner on said developing roller, and said developing blade is disposed so as to contact with said surface of said developing roller.
- 96. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said developing roller is disposed so as to come into contact with said surface of said image bearing member.
- 97. The apparatus unit according to claim 96, wherein a development bias voltage is applied to said developing roller at a time of development.
- 98. The apparatus unit according to claim 97, wherein the development bias voltage is a direct-current bias voltage.
- 99. The apparatus unit according to claim 96, wherein said developing roller is rotated at a speed so as to have a difference in a circumferential speed from a circumferential speed of the surface of said image bearing member.
- 100. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said image bearing member is provided as a unit.
- 101. The apparatus unit according to claim 100, wherein said image bearing member includes an electrophotographic photosensitive drum.
- 102. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said image bearing member and a charging assembly for charging said image bearing member primarily are provided as a unit.
- 103. The apparatus unit according to claim 102, wherein said image bearing member includes an electrophotographic photosensitive drum.
- 104. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein said non-magnetic, one-component toner has a shape factor SF-1 in a range of 100 to 160 and a shape factor SF-2 in a range of 100 to 140.
- 105. The apparatus unit according to claim 104, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner is obtained by subjecting a polymerizable monomer composition having at least a polymerizable monomer and a colorant, to suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium.
- 106. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner includes a core/shell structure in which a core composed primarily of a wax having a melting point in a range of 40° C. to 90° C. and the core is covered with a shell composed primarily of resin.
- 107. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner has a core/shell structure in which a core composed primarily of a wax having a melting point in a range of 40° C. to 90° C. is covered with a shell composed primarily of resin and has a shape factor SF-1 in a range of 100 to 160 and a shape factor SF-2 in a range of 100 to 140.
- 108. The apparatus unit according to claim 107, wherein the non-magnetic, one-component toner is obtained by subjecting a polymerizable monomer composition having at least a polymerizable monomer, a colorant and the wax, to suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium.
- 109. The apparatus unit according to claim 67, wherein an additive is externally added to the non-magnetic, one-component toner.
- 110. The apparatus unit according to claim 109, wherein said additive comprises a hydrophobic, inorganic fine powder.
- 111. An image-forming apparatus comprising:an image bearing member for bearing thereon an electrostatic latent image; a charging assembly for primarily charging said image bearing member; an exposure assembly for forming the electrostatic latent image on a surface of said image bearing member having been primarily charged; a plurality of developing apparatuses, each for developing the electrostatic latent image by the use of a non-magnetic toner to form a toner image; an intermediate transfer member for sequentially transferring thereto the toner image formed by each of said plurality of developing apparatuses to form a multiple toner image; and a transfer assembly for transferring to a transfer medium at one time the multiple toner image transferred to said intermediate transfer member, wherein each of said plurality of developing apparatuses includes: a toner hopper for containing therein a non-magnetic, one-component toner for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on said surface of said image bearing member; and a developing roller for transporting the non-magnetic, one-component toner contained in said toner hopper, while causing the toner to adhere to a surface of said developing roller, wherein said developing roller includes: a conductive mandrel; a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to the toner, formed on said surface of said developing roller; a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to a position of said mandrel than a position of said charge-providing layer; and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between the positions of said base layer and said charge-providing layer, wherein a contact angle to water of said intermediate layer is smaller than a contact angle to water of said base layer.
- 112. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 111, wherein each of said plurality of developing apparatuses is the developing apparatus according to any one of claims 28 to 66.
- 113. An image-forming apparatus comprising:an image bearing member for bearing thereon an electrostatic latent image; a charging assembly for primarily charging said image bearing member; an exposure assembly for forming the electrostatic latent image on a surface of said image bearing member having been primarily charged; a plurality of developing apparatuses, each for developing the electrostatic latent image by the use of a non-magnetic toner to form a toner image; and a transfer assembly for sequentially transferring to a transfer medium the toner image formed by each of said plurality of developing apparatuses, wherein each of said plurality of developing apparatuses includes: a toner hopper for containing therein a non-magnetic, one-component toner for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on said surface of said image bearing member; and a developing roller for transporting the non-magnetic, one-component toner contained in said toner hopper, while causing the toner to adhere to a surface of said developing roller, wherein said developing roller includes: a conductive mandrel; a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to the toner, formed on said surface of said developing roller; a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to a position of said mandrel than a position of said charge-providing layer; and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between the positions of said base layer and said charge-providing layer, wherein a contact angle to water of said intermediate layer is smaller than a contact angle to water of said base layer.
- 114. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 113, wherein each of said developing apparatuses is the developing apparatus according to any one of claims 28 to 66.
- 115. The image-forming apparatus comprisinga plurality of image-forming units each including; an image bearing member for bearing thereon an electrostatic latent image; a charging assembly for primarily charging the image bearing member; an exposure assembly for forming the electrostatic latent image on a surface of said image bearing member having been primarily charged; and a plurality of developing apparatuses, each for developing the electrostatic latent image by the use of a non-magnetic toner to form a toner image, wherein each of said plurality of developing apparatuses includes: a toner hopper for containing therein a non-magnetic, one-component toner for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on said surface of said image bearing member; and a developing roller for transporting the non-magnetic, one-component toner contained in said toner hopper, while causing the toner to adhere to a surface of said developing roller, wherein said developing roller includes: a conductive mandrel; a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to the toner, formed on said surface of said developing roller; a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to a position of said mandrel than a position of said charge-providing layer; and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between the positions of said base layer and said charge-providing layer, wherein a contact angle to water of said intermediate layer is smaller than a contact angle to water of said base layer; and a transfer assembly for sequentially transferring to a transfer medium the toner images formed by the plurality of the image-forming units.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
11-236911 |
Aug 1999 |
JP |
|
Parent Case Info
This is a divisional application of application Ser. No. 09/643,423, filed Aug. 22, 2000.
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