DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ARRANGEMENT ON A BODY COMPRISING AN ESSENTIALLY ROTATION-SYMMETRIC PORTION, AND METHOD FOR MOVING AND/OR MANIPULATION OF AN OBJECT USING THE DEVICE

Abstract

A device for arrangement on a body comprising an essentially rotation-symmetric portion. The device comprises at least one interface that comprises two clamps with at least one pivot axis, each clamp comprising a clamp tip, the respective clamp tip being arranged opposite of the at least one pivot axis and the pivot axis being arranged fixed in relation to a base structure comprised by the device. The clamps are configured to be pivoted around the at least one pivot axis between a first position and a second position, respectively, wherein in the first position, the clamp tips are spaced further from each other than in the second position. A support structure is arranged between the clamps. A support rope system has at least one support rope, with at least one support rope of the rope system being connected to a tensioning element fixed with respect to the base structure.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a device and a method for arrangement on a body comprising an essentially rotation-symmetric portion, particularly for human-exoskeleton coupling, as well as a method for moving and/or manipulation of an object, particularly for human-exoskeleton coupling.

Description of the Background Art

In many applications where constant physical interaction between a human limb and a robot is needed, the robot is designed with an exoskeleton structure, such that the robots and the humans' joints coincide.

Exoskeletons have, for example, the following advantages: all joint degrees of freedom of the linked human limb can be controlled and/or observed fully, the risk of overextension and a perpendicular load on the human joints is mitigated due to the aligned joints of the robot and the workspace of the human and robot mostly coincide. Hence, the robot can cover a large fraction of the human range of motion, while the robot arm requires less space compared to an end-effector-based solution.

Hence, exoskeletons can be found in robot-assisted therapy (e.g. ArmeoPower, Hocoma, Switzerland; Harmony, BionicHarmonic, USA), teleoperation (e.g. ESA Exoskeleton, ESA, Netherlands), as an assistive device for impaired people (e.g. ReWalk, ReWalk, Germany) or gravity supporting device in the industry (e.g. Paexo, Ottobock, Germany; EksoVest, EksoBionics, USA; H-CEX, Hyundai, South Korea), and defense applications.

For these devices, it is often efficient for multiple people to share one device, as the device's price is quite high (e.g. robot-assisted therapy and teleoperation). For the functionality of an exoskeleton, the alignment accuracy of the exoskeleton joints with the human joints, the force transmission bandwidth, position constraint rigidity between both, and a large range of motion are vital.

The mechanical elements coupling the human arm to the robot (referred to as physical human-robot-interface pHRI) have a key role in defining the quality of the exoskeleton regarding these aspects.

There are, however, challenges.

The exoskeleton joints need to be aligned to the human joints in the most accurate way possible, else undesired parasitic forces will occur. While most exoskeletons solve the adaptability to the varying length of limb segments well, the variation in limb diameter is not taken care of. With most pHRI designs in related work, a limb will be mounted to the pHRI with the same location of the limb surface closest to the robot. This causes the center of the limb to be located closer to the exoskeleton structure for a small diameter limb segment compared to a large diameter. Hence, the joint axes of the small diameter limb are not located at the same relative position to the robot as for the large diameter limb. For example, the upper arm diameter of a 5th percentile female is 70 mm while the diameter of a 95th percentile male is 111 mm (NASA, 2020). Hence, mounting these arms to an exoskeleton with constant position of the circumference can lead to a difference of 20 mm in the positions of the arm center and with that a joint misalignment of at least 20 mm (inaccuracies in alignment of other dimensions add to the offset). Such a displacement can cause joint discomfort or pain due to emerging parasitic loads on the joint. To lower the effect of misalignment, passive compensation joints were proposed at the pHRI or in the kinematic chain of the exoskeleton. However, these passive degrees of freedom hamper the controllability and observability (without additional instrumentation) of the human and robot arms. Further, the passive degrees of freedom mechanisms known to us do not compensate for the misalignment due to different arm circumferences.

Further, most solutions out of related work solve this issue by additional cushioning for the small arm to avoid the offset. This solution requires additional material and work steps adding further cost for storage and labor. As adapting the cushioning to the user is inconvenient, this step is often neglected in daily use. Further, the additional cushioning alters the stiffness of the cuff system. Other solutions require manual adjustment of the pHRI, often involving tools to adapt for the changing limb diameter, which is similarly work-intensive as the additional cushioning.

Moreover, a sufficient and consistent stiffness of the pHRI system is essential to establish a high interaction force bandwidth and consistent control behavior. Further, sufficient stiffness is needed to prevent excessive misalignment between the human and robot joints during transmission of interaction forces. Excessive misalignment can cause undesired parasitic joint loads, the tension on the skin at the location of the pHRI as well as additional unintended contact points of the robot with the human arm. Additional contact points can lead to dangerous states and would distort the measurement of interaction forces at the intended contact points if such instrumentation is used.

A further challenge is in the placement on the human limb as it has a big influence on the stiffness of the overall connection as well as the comfort. Simulations, experimental experience, and designs of recent related work for the upper limb indicate that the pHRI should support the human limb segments at the proximal and distal end. Thereby the highest rotation stiffness is achieved with comparably low contact forces. Keeping the contact forces low improves comfort. However, these contact locations might not be optimal to avoid collisions of the pHRI with components of the robot and/or the human body.

Additionally, the larger the footprint of a pHRI the smaller the range of motion feasible by the coupled human-robot system without collisions of the pHRI with the human body or the robot itself. Cuff systems that provide sufficient stiffness often implement a rigid shell. In most solutions, this rigid outer shell does not adapt to the diameter of the human limb. Hence, the outer shell diameter is too large for users with a small arm diameter. Hence, the collision and the resulting reduction of the range of motion comes unnecessarily early. Users with a smaller limb diameter can also be expected to have shorter limb segments. Hence, the constant footprint of the outer shell will reduce the usable range of motion for a small person compared to a tall one. Mostly textile-based solutions for pHRI do not exhibit this issue. However, these soft pHRIs are not able to provide the required stiffness for all applications.

Also, particularly the upper arm and the thigh contain muscles that exhibit a large change in cross-section during contraction. Constraining the limb with the pHRI in an area with prominent cross-section change, e.g., biceps brachii, could lead to high pressure increase on the arm during muscle contraction.

There is no pHRI or other attachment system for essentially rotation-symmetric bodies described in related work that features all following functions at the same time:

• • Toolless adaption to different limb diameters without exchange of parts
  • Adaption to different limb segment diameters while keeping the center of the limb automatically at the same location
  • Adapting the outer shell (footprint) of the pHRI to the limb segment size
  • Adaptions to different sizes can be performed a. without exchanging parts, or b. without additional working steps to the main fastening action
  • Stiff structure encompassing more than half of the arm circumference to allow for high bandwidth in interaction force control and low interaction force caused misalignment
  • Minimal constraint to contraction of muscles (e.g. musculus biceps brachii)
  • Open structure when not attached to allow placing the limb in the radial direction in the pHRI system (e.g. patients with spasticity do not need to stick the limb through a closed loop and also access with shoes is possible for lower limb applications)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device and method that are improved with respect to the challenges discussed above and particularly configured for arrangement on a body comprising an essentially rotation-symmetric portion, such that independently of the radial extent of the rotation-symmetric portion, the rotation-symmetric portion of the body is and remains centered relative to the device.

The present invention discloses a device for arrangement on a body comprising an essentially rotation-symmetric portion, wherein the device comprises at least one interface, the interface comprising: two clamps with at least one pivot axis, each clamp comprising a clamp tip, the respective clamp tip being arranged opposite of the at least one pivot axis and the pivot axis being arranged fixed in relation to a base structure comprised by the device, wherein the clamps are configured to be pivoted around the at least one pivot axis between a first position and a second position, respectively, wherein in the first position, the clamp tips are spaced further from each other than in the second position; a support structure arranged between the clamps, the support structure being configured to be arranged on and/or to support the rotation-symmetric portion of the body; and a support rope system comprising at least one support rope, with at least one support rope of the rope system being connected to a tensioning element fixed with respect to the base structure, the connection of the tensioning element and the at least one support rope being spaced from the at least one pivot axis and arranged on the opposite side of the clamp with respect to the support structure, the support rope further extending across a redirector provided by each of the clamps, the redirector having a defined distance with regard to the at least one pivot axis of the respective clamp, and extending towards the support structure, wherein the at least one support rope is connected to or guided by the support structure, such that pivoting the clamps towards the second position causes an extension of a first rope section between the tensioning element and the redirector of the respective clamp, a shortening of a second rope section between the redirector and the support structure as well as a movement of the support structure towards the clamp tips, such that independently of a radial extent of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body arranged on the support structure, a central point of a cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body has an essentially constant distance to the base structure.

The body comprising an essentially rotation-symmetric portion may for example be a limb, particularly a human limb, such that the device may be used to center at least a portion of a human limb relative to the base structure, independently of the diameter of the limb. As such, the device may particularly find applications for human-exoskeleton coupling, wherein the device may be used to optimally fixate a human limb relative to an external exoskeleton, which may be connected to the base structure, resulting in improved force and torque transmission between a user attaching the device and the exoskeleton, essentially independently of the body shape of the user. This is particularly advantageous to minimize costs, as the device is not customized for one particular body shape but may be adapted according to the body shape of the user, within a broad range of body shapes. The device may also be used as a medical device, for example for surgeries on limbs that require a centering of the limb with respect to the base structure and an optional external structure connected to the base structure. Other applications may include radiation therapy or x-ray examinations of limbs, which also require a precise positioning of the limb with respect to the base structure and an optional external structure connected to the base structure. The device may also find alternative uses, for example as a robotic gripper if a constant center grasp is desired (e.g. to center grasped objects at a certain location for visual inspection) or any other application where bodies or objects comprising an approximately rotation-symmetric portion have to be fixed such that their central point of the cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion remains at a constant position for all diameters of the portion. Such applications may for example be found in: manufacturing processes (e.g. laser engraving of tubes, inspection), robot-assisted or conventional surgery on limbs, radiation therapy, x-ray examinations, or body-powered prosthetics. The essentially rotation-symmetric portion of the body may have a rounded cross-section but the cross-section may also be a polygon or another shape that may be approximated as rotation-symmetric. The body comprising the essentially rotation-symmetric portion may itself be essentially rotation-symmetric but it may also deviate from rotation symmetry outside the rotation-symmetric portion. Of course, the body may also comprise two or more rotation-symmetric portions.

According to the invention, at least one support rope of the rope system can be connected to a tensioning element fixed with respect to the base structure, the connection of the tensioning element and the at least one support rope being spaced from the at least one pivot axis and arranged on the opposite side of the clamp with respect to the support structure. The formulation ‘connected to a tensioning element fixed with respect to the base structure’ in this context may be understood such that the support rope is attached to the tensioning element, for example via adhesive, a knot, a clamp, a lock and the like. However, ‘connected to a tensioning element fixed with respect to the base structure’, may also be understood such that the support rope is attached to a structure that is not fixed with respect to the base structure, for example to at least one of the two clamps that are configured to pivot relative to the base structure, but that the support rope is guided by the tensioning element, for example via a loop of the support rope around the tensioning element. As such, the tensioning element ensures that, if the clamps are moved towards the second position, the first rope section between the tensioning element and the redirection point of the respective clamp is extended and that the second rope section between the redirection point and the support structure is shortened, such that the support structure moves towards the clamp tips.

The support rope system according to the invention may comprise just a single support rope, wherein the support rope is guided such by the support structure between the two ends of the single support rope, that pivoting of the clamps towards the second position causes a movement of the support structure towards the clamp tips. To this end, the support rope may for example be interwoven, threaded or glued with the support structure. The support system may also comprise more than one support rope, for example two support ropes, wherein each of the two support ropes may extend from a respective tensioning element over a respective redirector to one of two sides of the support structure. In this case, each of the two support ropes may be connected to one of the two ends of the support structure, for example by an adhesive, a knot, a clamp, a lock and the like, such that the support structure is supported by the two support ropes. Once the clamps are pivoted towards the second position, this configuration likewise results in a movement of the support structure towards the clamp tips, as proposed by the invention. The support rope system may also comprise more than two support ropes, particularly wherein the support ropes extend parallel to each other with respect to an axis perpendicular to the at least one pivot axis of the clamps, such that forces acting on the ropes are advantageously distributed among parallel support ropes. However, multiple support ropes may also be used in such a way that individual support ropes cross or touch each other, or that are interconnected, for example by knots, loops, adhesive and the like. The at least one support rope may include an extensible element such that the total length of the support rope system may not be constant. As such, the position of the clamps and the support structure may vary under a changing total length of the support rope in response to a variation of the radial extent of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body. This may for example be advantageous if the device is used to be arranged on and/or to support a human limb, as the human limb may vary its radial extent for example due to muscle contractions.

The tensioning element according to the invention is spaced from the at least one pivot axis and arranged on the opposite side of the clamp with respect to the support structure. The ‘opposite side of the clamp’ defined here refers to the situation in which the rotation-symmetric portion of the body is arranged on and/or supported by the support structure arranged between the clamps, such that the opposite side describes the one of the two sides of the clamps that is not facing the support structure, but the base structure.

The support structure may comprise a cushioning, which is particularly advantageous in terms of wearing comfort, in case the device is used for arranging it on and/or supporting a human limb.

The support rope may be guided via a respective tensioning element to the respective redirector , the corresponding tensioning element being fixed in relation to the base structure.

A rope end portion of the support rope may be fixed at a corresponding clamp. Particularly, the rope end portion of the support rope may be fixed at a corresponding clamp and guided via a respective tensioning element to the respective redirector , the corresponding tensioning element being fixed in relation to the base structure. In this configuration, pivoting the clamps towards the second position does not just cause an extension of the first rope section between the tensioning element and the redirector , but also an additional extension of the rope section between the respective clamp and the respective tensioning element. This additional extension in turn causes a stronger shortening of the second rope portion between the redirection point and the support structure, such that the movement of the support structure towards the clamp tips is advantageously facilitated.

The redirector may comprise a respective through hole of each clamp. In this example, the at least one support rope is redirected and guided towards the support structure via a respective trough hole of each clamp. As an alternative redirector , the at least one support rope may also be guided over an outside of the respective clamp, particularly wherein the outside of the respective clamp comprises indentations to guide the at least one support rope.

Each clamp may be connected to a spring, the spring being configured to exert a force on the respective clamp directed towards the first position. In this example, the clamps are advantageously configured such that in absence of forces acting on the clamps, the clamps are pre-stressed by the spring so that they remain in the first position characterized by a further spacing of the clamp tips to each other than in the second position, such that the support structure may be comfortably arranged on the rotation-symmetric portion of the body, without a possibly disturbing movement of the clamps towards the second position. Instead of a spring, also other components exerting a force on the respective clamp directed towards the first position may be used, for example elastic straps or bands and the like.

The device may further comprise a tightening element configured to move the clamps towards the second position. The tightening element may for example be formed by a strap or band extending from one clamp tip and be configured to be guided through an eyelet arranged on the second clamp tip, such that by guiding the strap or band through the eyelet and pulling on it, for example manually, the clamps may be moved towards the second position. The tightening element may also comprise a ratchet or a clamp. The tightening element may also comprise an actuator, such that the movement of the clamps towards the second position may be automatized. The tightening element may further be configured to exert a radial force on the rotation-symmetric portion of the body arranged on the support structure, wherein the radial force is directed towards the central point of the cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body.

The device may further comprise a fixing system configured to fix the clamps at the second position or between the first and the second position. Since the movement of the clamps is mechanically coupled to the movement of the support structure via the support rope system, fixing the clamps at the second position or between the first and the second position at the same time causes a fixing of the support structure, once it is arranged on and/or supporting the rotation-symmetric portion of the body. Preferably, the fixing system is re-closable, such that it can be opened and closed repeatedly. To this end, the fixing system may for example comprise a mechanical or electrical lock or a hook and the like.

The tightening element and the fixing system may be combined via a hook and loop fastener comprising a strap or band, which is configured to move the clamps towards the second position and fixate the clamps at the second position or between the first and the second position.

The device may further comprise a force-and/or torque sensor, the force-and/or torque sensor being configured to measure a force and/or a torque exerted on and/or by the rotation-symmetric portion of the body arranged on the support structure. The force-and/or torque sensor may be particularly useful in case the device is used as a human-exoskeleton interface, wherein a human limb is arranged on and/or supported by the support structure and wherein the base structure is connected to an external exoskeleton. In this case, the force-and/or torque sensor may determine and indicate the forces and/or torques exerted on and/or by the human limb, for example if the human limb is moving the exoskeleton through muscle power and/or if the exoskeleton supports movements of the human limb. To establish a connection between the base structure and the external exoskeleton, the base structure may further comprise an adapter.

The device may comprise at least two interfaces, particularly two interfaces according to the invention, wherein the interfaces are connected by a connection structure. To this end, the body preferably comprises at least two essentially rotation-symmetric portions, wherein each rotation-symmetric portion is attached to a corresponding interface of the device. This example may be particularly advantageous to improve the transmission of forces and/or torques if the device is used as a human-exoskeleton interface, wherein a human limb is arranged on and/or supported by the support structure and wherein the base structure is connected to an external exoskeleton: By using more than one interface, the coupling between the human limb and the external exoskeleton may be improved, for example by arranging the interfaces along an axis defined by the limb. This axis may for example extend essentially parallel to the at least one pivot axis of the two clamps, along one spatial direction. However, the interfaces may also be arranged on at least two limbs that are connected by a hinge joint, such that the connection structure may also comprise angles or hinges.

The connection structure may comprise spacing elements configured to tune and/or fixate a displacement between the interfaces along an axis. The axis may for example extend essentially parallel to the at least one pivot axis of the two clamps, such that the displacement may be tuned and/or fixate along one axis along one spatial direction. However, the spacing elements may also be part of a connection structure comprising angles or hinges, such that the displacement between interfaces may be tuned and/or fixated along multiple axes extending along multiple spatial directions.

Each clamp may be provided with a gear, wherein both gears can engage with each other, such that when one of the clamps is pivoted along one rotation direction, the rotating gears cause the other clamp to pivot along an opposite rotation direction. This example provides an easy access to and stability of the device, wherein the clamps may be opened and closed with just one hand.

Particularly in the second position, a ratio between the length of the first rope section and the length of the second rope section, particularly a ratio between the length of the first rope section and the length of a rope section extending from the redirector to the center of the support structure may be larger than 0.5.

Another aspect of the invention concerns a method for arranging the device according to the invention or one of its example on an essentially rotation-symmetric portion of a body, particularly for arranging a rotation-symmetric portion of a body on an external structure, for example an exoskeleton. The method comprises at least the following steps: i) arranging the rotation-symmetric portion of the body between the clamps; and ii) moving the clamps towards the second position, such that the support structure moves towards the central point of the cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body, such that the support structure at least in sections adapts to the shape of the rotation-symmetric portion, and that a contact area between the rotation-symmetric portion and the support structure is maximized.

Preferably, prior to step i), the clamps are moved to the first position, such that the support structure moves away from the clamp tips towards the base structure, such that the support structure can be comfortably arranged on and/or support the rotation-symmetric portion of the body. The clamps may for example be moved manually to the first position, or they may be held in the first position by said optional springs.

To execute step ii), said optional tightening element may be advantageously used. After step ii), the rotation-symmetric portion of the body may be in contact with the support structure or with the support structure and the tightening element along the entire circumference within a section along central point of the cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body. As such, this method ensures a strong fixation of the body to the device and optionally to an external structure, for example an exoskeleton, while keeping the central point of the cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body at a constant distance to the base structure, independently of the radial extent of the rotation-symmetric portion. Another advantage of this method is that due to the coupling of the movement of the clamps and the support structure via the support rope, no additional tools are needed to adapt the device to the radial extent of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body, as the adaption happens by moving the clamps towards the second position.

In an example, on an essentially rotation-symmetric portion of a body, after step ii), the clamps may be fixed in a position at or between the first and the second position, particularly by using said optional locking system.

A method is also provided for moving and/or manipulation of an object using the device according to the invention or one of its example, the method comprising the following steps:

• • i) arranging a rotation-symmetric portion of a body between the clamps, the rotation-symmetric portion being or being part of a locomotive system,
  • ii) moving the clamps towards the second position, such that the support structure moves towards a central point of a cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion, such that the support structure at least in sections adapts to the shape of the rotation-symmetric portion, and that a contact area between the rotation-symmetric portion and the support structure is maximized,
  • iii) fixing the clamps in a position between the first and the second position or at the second position,
  • iv) establishing a mechanical connection between the base structure and an object to be moved or manipulated and
  • v) exerting a force from the device via the base structure to the object in order to move and/or manipulate the object.

The ‘locomotive system’ introduced here refers to a system that is configured to move due to intrinsic forces of the locomotive system or external forces acting on the locomotive system. As such, the locomotive system may for example comprise a human limb or a robotic unit.

Preferably, when the support structure is arranged on and/or supporting the rotation-symmetric portion of the body, the support structure or the support structure and the tightening element may be in contact with more than half of a circumference of the rotation-symmetric portion. As such, the device may support the body via the rotation-symmetric portion along three spatial directions.

The device according to the invention permits to center rotation-symmetric bodies of a range of predetermined lateral diameters between D_min and D_max, such that independently of their diameter, the center of the cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body has the same distance to the base structure. For example, D_min may be 70 mm and D_max may be 111 mm. These values particularly refer to exemplary minimal and maximal lateral diameters of human limbs. Depending on the diameter of the essentially rotation-symmetric portion of the body, the minimal and maximal lateral diameter may also be lower or larger than the values stated here.

Preferably, steel can be used as material for the clamp axes and the redirector elements. The width adjusting elements may be for example built with CFRP tubes and the clamps may for example comprise aluminum. The springs may for example be realized by spring steel bands acting between the clamps and the base structure. As support ropes, cords with a small minimum bend radius and a high stiffness are advantageous. The lower support may be a 2 mm plate from PA12. A breathable synthetic cushioning may be placed between the rotation-symmetric portion of the body and the support structure, particularly in case the device is arranged on a human limb.

Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes, combinations, and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus, are not limitive of the present invention, and wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a side view of an interface of the device.

FIG. 2 shows a side view of an interface of the device, wherein a rotation-symmetric portion of a body is arranged on and supported by the support structure.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show perspective views of an interface of the device, wherein the clamps are in the first position (FIG. 3a) and in the second position (FIG. 3b).

FIG. 5 shows a side view of an interface of the device, wherein each of the two clamps comprises a spring and a gear, the two gears engaging with each other.

FIG. 6 corresponds to a close up on the gears shown in FIG. 4, wherein the base structure extending perpendicular to the drawing plane is additionally indicated.

FIG. 7 shows an exploded perspective view of an interface and the base structure of the device.

FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of two interfaces connected by a connection structure.

FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. 1, wherein multiple geometrical parameters of the interface are indicated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows an example of an interface 30 of the device 100 according to the invention. In this example, the interface 30 comprises two clamps 1 that each comprise a pivot axis A. Each pivot axis A is further arranged opposite of a clamp tip 2 comprised by each clamp 1. The respective pivot axis A is fixed with respect to a respective tensioning element 5 connected to a base structure 4 of the device 100 and each clamp 1 is configured to pivot around its pivot axis A, such that the clamps 1 may pivot with respect to the base structure 4.

The interface 30 shown in FIG. 1 further comprises a support structure 40 arranged between the clamps 1.

The interface 30 depicted in FIG. 1 further comprises a support rope system. In the example shown here, the support rope system comprises a single support rope 50 that extends between respective outsides of each clamp 1, the outsides facing away from the support structure 40. To this end, the support rope 50 is fixedly attached to the respective outside of each clamp 1 at two rope end portions 53 of the support rope 50, for example by adhesive, a knot, a clamp or the like. In this example, the two rope end portions 53 protrude from the outside of each clamp 1 towards the respective tensioning element 5 of each clamp 1 guiding the respective rope end portion 53, for example via a loop of the rope portions around the tensioning elements 5. From the respective tensioning element 5, a first rope section 51 extends towards a respective redirector 6. In the example shown here, the redirector 6 is realized as a through hole 7 of each clamp 1, which allows to redirect the support rope 50 from the outside of each clamp 1 to an inside of each clamp 1 facing the support structure 40. From the redirector 6, a second rope section 52 of the support rope 50 extends towards the support structure 40, where the support rope 50 is connected to or guided by the support structure 40.

According to the invention, the tensioning element 5 is fixed in relation to the base structure 4. In this way it is achieved that pivoting the clamps 1 around their pivot axes A such that the spacing between the clamp tips 2 decreases causes an extension of the first rope section 51 and the rope end portion 53 between the outside of the clamps 1 and the tensioning element 5, as well as a shortening of the second rope section 52, such that the support structure 40 is moved towards the clamp tips 2.

FIG. 2 shows an example of an interface 30 of the device 100 according to the invention, wherein the support structure 40 is arranged on and supporting a rotation-symmetric portion of a body 20. FIG. 2 further shows the base structure 4 of the device 100. While the clamps 1 are configured to move relative to the support structure 40 by pivoting around their respective pivot axis A, the pivot axes A and the tensioning elements 5 remain fixed with respect to the base structure 4. This configuration ensures that pivoting the clamps 1 around their pivot axes A such that the distance between the clamp tips decreases, causes an extension of the first rope section 51 and the rope end portion 53 of the support rope 50 between the outside of the clamps 1 and the tensioning element, as well as a shortening of the second rope section 52, such that the support structure 40 is moved towards the clamp tips 2. As the support structure 40 moves towards the clamp tips 2, the support structure 40 adapts to the shape of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20. According to the invention, the distance between a central point P of the essentially rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20 arranged on the support structure 40 remains constant, independently of the radial extent of the rotation-symmetric portion. The central point P may be comprised by a symmetry axis of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20. In case of deviations from a perfect rotation symmetry, the central point P may describe a center of the cross-section area of the body 20, particularly portions of the body 20.

The device 100 may further comprise a tightening element 9 configured to move the clamps 1 towards the second position 12. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the tightening element 9 is realized by a strap extending from one clamp tip 2 to towards the other clamp tip 2, where the strap may be pulled through an eyelet so as to move the clamps 1 towards each other. The present example further provides a fixing system 10 configured to fix the clamps 1 in a position at or between the first and the second position 12. To this end, the strap shown here represents a hook and loop fastener guided through the eyelet, advantageously combining the tightening element 9 and the fixing system 10.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show perspective views of an interface 30 of the device 100, wherein the clamps 1 are in a first position 11 (FIG. 3) and in a second position 12 (FIG. 4). According to the invention, the clamps 1 may be moved between the first position 11 and the second position 12 by pivoting the clamps 1 around their pivot axis A or pivot axes A.

According to the invention, pivoting the clamps 1 towards the second position 12 causes an extension of a first rope section 51 between the tensioning element 5 and the redirector 6 of the respective clamp 1, a shortening of a second rope section 52 between the redirector 6 and the support structure 40 as well as a movement of the support structure 40 towards the clamp tips 2.

Preferably, to arrange the support structure 40 on and/or to support the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20, the clamps 1 are first moved towards the first position 11, such that the clamp tips 2 are spaced further from each other than in the second position 12, such that the support structure 40 may be easily arranged with respect to the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20. Subsequently, the clamps 1 may be moved towards the second position 12, for example via the tightening element 9, until the support structure 40 adapts to the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20, particularly such that the support structure 40 at least in sections adapts to the shape of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20 and that a contact area between the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20 and the support structure 40 is maximized, cf. also FIG. 2. The clamps 1 may subsequently be fixed at the second position 12 or at a position between the first position 11 and the second position 12.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the device 100 according to the invention with a side view of an interface 30 of the device 100, wherein each of the two clamps 1 comprises a gear 3, the two gears 3 engaging with each other. The two engaging gears 3 advantageously ensure that when one of the clamps 1 is pivoted along one rotation direction, the gears 3 cause the other clamp 1 to pivot along an opposite rotation direction. This facilitates the handling of the clamps 1, such that the device 100 may be used with just one hand. Moreover, the gears 3 contribute to an enhanced stability and functionality of the device 100, as the antagonistic pivoting of the two clamps 1 prevents a translation of both clamp tips 2 into the same direction with respect to the base structure 4. Further, the gears facilitate an opening and closing of the clamps 1, particularly in combination with the tightening element 9 and the fixing system 10.

The example depicted here further includes a spring 8 connected to the outside of each clamp 1. The spring 8 is preferably configured to exert a force on the respective clamp 1 directed away from the other clamp. This advantageously enables to keep the clamp tips 2 in an open position such that the device 100, particularly the support structure 40, may be arranged on the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20 before the clamps 1 are moved towards each other against a prestress of the springs 8.

The example shown in FIG. 5 further shows a rope system comprising a single support rope 50 that is coiled on windings 54 comprised by the clamps 1. By rotating the windings 54, the support rope 50 may be partially coiled up and down, varying an effective length of the support rope 50. In this way, a maximum displacement of the clamps 1 may be tuned.

The present example further provides a support rope system with a support rope 50 that is threaded through the support structure 40 such that by moving the clamps 1 towards each other, the support rope 50 moves the support structure 40 towards the clamp tips 2.

FIG. 6 corresponds to a close up highlighting the gears 3 of FIG. 7, wherein the base structure 4 extending perpendicular to the drawing plane is additionally indicated as dashed lines. While the clamps 1 may be moved relative to the base structure 4 by pivoting the clamps 1 around their respective pivot axis A, the tensioning elements 5 and the pivot axes A remain fixed with respect to the base structure 4. In this way it is achieved that pivoting the clamps 1 around their pivot axes A towards each other causes an extension of the first rope section 51 and the rope end portion 53 between the outside of the clamps 1 and the tensioning element 5, as well as a shortening of the second rope section 52, such that the support structure 40 is moved upwards, away from the base structure 4. In the example shown here, the respective gears 3 and pivot axes A of each clamp 1 are coaxial.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the device 100 according to the invention, with an exploded perspective view of an interface 30 of the device 100, particularly the support structure 40 as well as the clamps 1 comprising through holes 7 forming the redirector 6, gears 3 and springs 8. The clamps 1, gears 3 and springs 8 are connected to each other by a plurality of screws, washers and nuts. The base structure 4 comprises the tensioning elements 5 and a recess 44 that is configured to receive the clamps 1 and the gears 3. The device 100 here, particularly the base structure 4, further comprises a connection structure 60. The connection structure 60 may be used to couple the interface 30 arranged on the base structure 4 to an external device, for example an exoskeleton, such that the device 100 may be used for human-exoskeleton coupling.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the device 100 according to the invention, comprising two interfaces 30 that are connected via the connection structure 60. The connection structure 60 further comprises spacing elements 61 configured to tune and/or fixate a displacement between the two interfaces 30, particularly along an axis B defined by the connection structure 60. In the example shown here, this axis B is essentially parallel to the pivot axes A of the clamps 1. This example is particularly configured to arrange the device 100 on a human limb, wherein the human limb preferably extends parallel to the axis B defined by the connection structure 60.

FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. 1, wherein various geometrical parameters are additionally indicated. For the relation between the various parameters, it holds:

$h_{M1}=\cos \left(\alpha +\gamma \right)\left(l_4-r_2\right)-\cos \left(\alpha \right)\left(d-r_2\right)+{\left[r_1^{{ }_{}2}-{\left(\frac{c}{2}\right)}^2\right]}^{\frac{1}{2}},$ $c=2\sin \left(\alpha +\gamma \right)\left(l_4-r_2\right)-l_1-2\sin \left(\alpha \right)\left(d-r_2\right),$ $b=s_{\mathrm{tot}}-2s_1-2s_2-2s_3-2s_4-2s_5,$ $s_1={\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\left[r_3-l_2+r_2\sin \left(\alpha +\beta \right)+\sin \left(\alpha \right)\left(d-r_2\right)\right]}^2+\\ {\left[r_2\cos \left(\alpha +\beta \right)-l_3+\cos \left(\alpha \right)\left(d-r_2\right)\right]}^2\end{array}\right\}}^{1/2},s_2=\pi r_3,$ $s_3={\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\left[r_2\cos \left(\alpha -\delta +\gamma \right)-l_3+\cos \left(\alpha \right)\left(d-r_2\right)\right]}^2+\\ {\left[l_2+r_3-r_2\sin \left(\alpha -\delta +\gamma \right)-\sin \left(\alpha \right)\left(d-r_2\right)\right]}^2\end{array}\right\}}^{1/2},$ $s_4=\delta r_1,s_5=l_4\mathrm{and}$ $\delta =\gamma -\mathrm{arc}\cos \left\{\frac{r_2}{{\left[{\left(l_2+r_3-\sin \left(\alpha \right)\left(d-r_2\right)\right)}^2+{\left(l_3-\cos \left(\alpha \right)\left(d-r_2\right)\right)}^2\right]}^{1/2}}\right\}.$

Additionally, r₁ can be calculated numerically from the length L of the chord between the point ps and its mirror point with respect to the vertical symmetry axis shown in FIG. 9, wherein L=c in case the support structure is arranged horizontally with respect to the drawing plane, and wherein L=b in case the support structure 40 follows the shape of a circular arc:

$r_1\sin \left(\frac{b}{2r_1}\right)=c/2$

For example, the following example parameters give rise to a range of radii 40 mm<r₁<60.5 mm of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20 that may be arranged on the support structure 40 while keeping the distance between the center of the cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body 20 constant for all radii within the abovementioned range:

r₁=72.27 mm, r₃=2 mm, l₁=16 mm, l₂=37.66 mm, l₃=−3 mm, l₄=6.5 mm, h_M1=72.5 mm, l₁=16 mm, d=7 mm, δ=87.5°, β=36°.

The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are to be included within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A device for arrangement on a body comprising an essentially rotation-symmetric portion, the device comprising at least one interface, the interface comprising: two clamps with at least one pivot axis, each of the two clamps comprising a clamp tip, the respective clamp tip being arranged opposite of the at least one pivot axis and the pivot axis being arranged fixed in relation to a base structure comprised by the device, the two clamps being configured to be pivoted around the at least one pivot axis between a first position and a second position, respectively, wherein in the first position, the clamp tips are spaced further from each other than in the second position;a support structure arranged between the two clamps, the support structure being configured to be arranged on and/or to support the rotation-symmetric portion of the body; anda support rope system comprising at least one support rope, with at least one support rope of the rope system being connected to a tensioning element fixed with respect to the base structure, the connection of the tensioning element and the at least one support rope being spaced from the at least one pivot axis and arranged on a opposite side of the clamp with respect to the support structure, the support rope further extending across a redirector provided by each of the two clamps, the redirector having a defined distance with regard to the at least one pivot axis of the respective clamp and extending towards the support structure,wherein the at least one support rope is connected to or guided by the support structure such that pivoting the clamps towards the second position causes:an extension of a first rope section between the tensioning element and the redirector of the respective clamp, anda shortening of a second rope section between the redirector and the support structure as well as a movement of the support structure towards the clamp tips such that independently of a radial extent of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body arranged on the support structure, a central point of a cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body has an essentially constant distance to the base structure.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the support rope is guided via a respective tensioning element to the respective redirector.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein a rope end portion of the support rope is fixed at a corresponding clamp.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the redirector comprises a respective through hole of each clamp.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein each clamp is connected to a spring, configured to exert a force on the respective clamp directed towards the first position.

6. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a tightening element configured to move the two clamps towards the second position.

7. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a fixing system configured to fix the two clamps at the second position or between the first and the second position.

8. The device according to claim 7, further comprising a force-and/or torque sensor configured to measure a force and/or a torque exerted on and/or by the body arranged on the support structure.

9. The device according to claim 1, further comprising at least two interfaces, wherein the at least two interfaces are connected by a connection structure.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the connection structure comprises spacing elements configured to tune and/or fixate a displacement between the interfaces along an axis.

11. The device according to claim 1, wherein each of the two clamps are provided with a gear, wherein the gears engage with each other such that when one of the clamps is pivoted along one rotation direction, the rotating gears cause the other clamp to pivot along an opposite rotation direction.

12. The device according to claim 1, wherein in the second position, a ratio between a length of the first rope section and a length of a second rope section or a ratio between the length of the first rope section and a length of a rope section extending from the redirector to the center of the support structure is larger than 0.5.

13. A method for arranging the device according to claim 1 on a body comprising an essentially rotation-symmetric portion, the method comprising: arranging the rotation-symmetric portion of the body between the two clamps; andmoving the two clamps towards the second position, such that the support structure moves towards the central point of the cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body such that the support structure, at least in sections, adapts to the shape of the rotation-symmetric portion, and such that a contact area between the rotation-symmetric portion and the support structure is maximized.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the two clamps are fixed in a position between the first and the second position or at the second position.

15. A method for moving and/or manipulating an object using the device of claim 1, the method comprising: arranging a rotation-symmetric portion of the body between the clamps, the rotation-symmetric body being or being part of a locomotive system;moving the clamps towards the second position such that the support structure moves towards a central point of a cross-section of the rotation-symmetric portion of the body such that the support structure at least in sections adapts to the shape of the rotation-symmetric portion, and such that a contact area between the rotation-symmetric portion and the support structure is maximized;fixing the clamps in a position between the first and the second position or at the second position;establishing a mechanical connection between the base structure and an object to be moved or manipulated; andexerting a force from the device via the base structure to the object in order to move and/or manipulate the object.