Patent Application
20150316312
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing air at semi cryogenic temperatures during preparation of various products. In particularly, this invention relates to a method and apparatus for distributing air at semi cryogenic temperatures in cooling chambers during the process of preparing fine powders.
One of the well known environmental challenges nowadays is the handling of used tires. Tire recycling, or rubber recycling, is the process of recycling vehicles' tires that are no longer suitable for use on vehicles due to wear or irreparable damage. These tires are among the largest and most problematic sources of waste, due to the large volume produced and their durability. Those same characteristics, which make waste tires such a problem, also make them one of the most re-used waste materials, as the rubber is very resilient and can be reused in other products. Approximately, one tire is discarded per person per year. Tires are also often recycled for use on basketball courts and new shoe products. These scrap tires are an ecological predicament in all countries in which automobiles and trucks are a standard mode of transportation. Over the years, many more tires cast off in monumental piles than recycled or burned. It is estimated that in the US alone there are in excess of 1 billion tires in illegal tire piles, generating dangerous conditions of uncontrollable fires, air pollution as well as health hazards.
To date, most discarded tires were destined to be burned, assisting in alleviating an unending energy crisis. However, since the recognition by meteorologists of pending earth warming trends, burning tires is quickly becoming unacceptable solution and in some countries even illegal. Also, to date, many of the waste tires are simply shredded and buried in landfills. This too has become an undesirable solution as more and more countries recognize the danger in underground buried tires or tire parts, due to the adverse effect on the diminishing underground supplies of fresh water. Finally, tire piles serve as breeding grounds to colonies of disease infected rodents and incubation hot beds for dangerous and deadly insects. It is therefore clear that recycling must be the only acceptable and sustainable solution to the increasing problem of scrap tires.
Recognizing all of the above, several attempts have been made to reduce the increasing number of scrap tires discarded annually by recycling them. Tire recycling has traditionally been accomplished using three distinctly different technologies:
There are quite few aspects involved in implementing the second type of technology, namely, the cryogenically, freezing and crushing the rubber to produce granular rubber, which may be used as a supplementary material in fuel or in road building, etc. One of the aspects involved in this technology is the step of exposing the crushed rubber to reduced temperatures e.g. to a point of embrittling the synthetic rubber.
Many conventional cryogenic recycling processes require the use of liquid nitrogen or solid carbon dioxide to lower the temperature of the material to be recycled to a point where a proceeding step of the process can yield a granular material such as a powder. However, such cryogenic processes are usually expensive to implement and to operate.
Many solutions were proposed in the past to improve this cooling step of the process. Few of these solutions are the following:
U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,294 discloses an improvement of conventional cryogenic grinding system incorporating an impact mill by providing means to allow at least 70% of the embrittled material entering the mill to bypass the mill's inlet and means to restrict the flow of the cold gas through the impact mill.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,408,846 describes a cooling device for lowering the temperature of rubber or polystyrene materials for recycling purposes. The cooling device has an input feeder which inputs the material to be treated into a cooling chamber. The cooling chamber is an elongated chamber. The cooling chamber receives cold air from an external air refrigeration unit and circulates that air within the chamber. The material input into the cooling chamber is circulated therein by a circulating shaft. After 15-20 minutes, the input material is discharged through an output on the opposite end of the cooling chamber. The material discharged temperature is −80° C. or lower.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,568,731 discloses an ambient air freezing system for producing chilled air in the cryogenic range of −120° C. to −180° C. without the use of cryogenic chemicals or other refrigerants.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,360,547 describes a method for cryogenically freezing materials, such as rubber, food, plastics by compressing ambient air to a first level, cooling the air back to an ambient temperature, compressing the air again, and then cooling the air followed by expanding the compressed air thereby cooling it down to cryogenic temperatures that is fed to the material to be processed.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,397,623 describes a cooling device in which the compressor and the expander are coupled to one crank shaft or interlocked crank shafts so as to use the expansion energy from the compressed air in the expander as an energy for compressing the outside air in the compressor, thereby reducing the running cost.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,125,439 discloses a method for providing clean air to an environment, by cooling incoming air, which may be contaminated with chemical, nuclear or biological contamination and removing water from the cooled air. The cooled air is passed through a regenerative pressure swing absorption system which removes the contaminants. The resulting, cleaned, air is expanded by an expander and is provided to the environment.
Our patent U.S. Pat. No. 8,777,135 discloses a cooling arrangement for use in a process of preparing a fine powder, which comprises a plurality of cooling air discharging devices which allow the cooling air to be in direct contact with the grinded material (e.g. grinded tires) and a solid particles mechanical mixing means, which is adapted to ensure that no big lumps of particles are formed within said cooling arrangement.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently lowering the temperature of used tires, rubber and the like, to cryogenic levels.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus to eliminate the need for separation of the cooling agent (e.g. air) from particles of the material being cooled that are carried together with the cooling agent.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for rapid lowering the temperature of used tires, rubber and the like, to cryogenic levels thereby reducing the period required for the material being cooled to remain within the cooling chamber.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
According to a first embodiment of the invention, there is provided a cooling arrangement adapted for use in a process of producing brittle particles, and comprising:
According to another embodiment,
According to another embodiment, the cooling arrangement further comprises a shaft operative to enable movement of the first chamber. Preferably but not necessarily, the second chamber is a stationary chamber. The movement of the first chamber is preferably a rotational movement.
In accordance with another embodiment, the cooling air is introduced at a bottom part of the first chamber where it expands and flows upwardly towards the at least one air egress for introducing the air to the second chamber.
By yet another embodiment, the cooling air is conveyed from the upper part of the first chamber towards the bottom part of that first chamber, via a closed duct (e.g. a pipe). The bottom part of that duct may be open for the cooling air to exit the duct and enter the first chamber, or in the alternative, the delivering of the cooling air from the closed duct to the first chamber may be done via means such as a filter, a perforated plate, etc.
According to another embodiment, the thickness of the enclosure is substantially narrower than the diameter of each of the first and second chambers.
By yet another embodiment, the solid particles are indirectly cooled by the cooling air to a temperature that is in the range of from about −70° C. to about −110° C.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a system for use in a process of recovering material contained in used tires, wherein the system comprises:
According to another embodiment of this aspect, the first chamber is essentially surrounded by the second chamber.
In accordance with another embodiment, the system further comprises recycling means operative to enable return of the air leaving the second chamber to the one or more compressing devices.
A better understanding of the present invention is obtained when the following non-limiting detailed examples are considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As previously discussed, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide method and means to cool down solid particles such as recycled tires particles so that the end product of the whole recycling process, of which the cooling process described and claimed herein is a part, are particles that are in a form of fine or even ultrafine powder, typically particles of 1μ or less, and at the same time ensure the ability to re-use the cooling agent without having to filter out the particles from the cooling agent on one hand, while achieving a certain energy saving on the other. Although various processes were suggested in the past to produce fine powders, still, they are rather expensive to operate as they either make use of refrigerants or cryogenic chemicals, or characterized by being an inefficient ambient grinding processes. Due to high production cost and other inefficiencies, ultra fine products have not been produced in large quantities from recycled materials. The solution provided by the present invention aims to overcome these obstacles.
Although the invention is described hereinafter in connection with a process of recycling synthetic rubber such as rubber that originates from used tires, still, this is done for the convenience of the reader and the scope of the invention should not be understood to be restricted to that specific process. Turning now to the figures,
In a further embodiment of the disclosure, cooling arrangement 100 is further provided with shaft 155, which is adapted to enable relative rotation of chamber 115 with respect to chamber 120, which is fixed in its position. Applying this embodiment ensures a better downward movement of the solid particles through the confined space 105.
During their downward movement, there is an initial cooling of the particles. A mixer/stirrer (e.g. a rotary device) not shown in this figure, may be further installed in order to ensure that no big lumps of particles are formed, in order to obtain a substantially homogenous temperature at the range of −80° C. to −100° C. of the synthetic rubber particles leaving the arrangement. The air reaching each of the cooling air ingress 125 is preferably cleaned, dried and compressed prior to being discharged at the cooling arrangement ingress. In the present example, the cooling air is introduced to the cooling arrangement at −90° C. or lower and at a pressure of few atmospheres. When introduced into the first chamber 115, the air expands, thereby causing its own temperature to drop further.
The solid particles are discharged at the chamber's bottom section via an airlock which is part of the particles' egress 145, after they have become brittle and consequently easy to pulverize, and are forwarded to another solid conveying means for further processing the frozen granules, e.g. they can then be further ground or crushed to produce the desired ultra fine powder.
Although the present invention was described in the above example in connection with synthetic rubber particles obtained from used tires, as will be understood by those skilled in the art it can be used for cryogenically cooling materials such as polymers, rubber based materials and the like without using refrigerants or cryogenic chemicals in the process.
In order to obtain the cooling air required for the process any method known in the art per se, that is applicable to produce the air at the right physical conditions of temperature and pressure and the right cleanness and dryness levels can be used. For example, ambient air is drawn and compressed by compressor 210. It is then expanded by using multiple turbo expander machines 220. The oil resulting from the compression is removed and the air is cleaned and dried before compression. The cooled air leaving the turbo expander machines 220 at a temperature in the range of from about −80 to about −100° C. is fed into chamber 240 of cooling arrangement 230 (shown in a schematic view).
A suitable filter for the air preparation process could be an inertial separator. This may be achieved by passing the air through a filter, such as a Borosilicate micro-fiber filter, in which water, oil and particles are removed using a coalescing effect. Alternatively a silica gel or an activated alumina could be used as an adsorbent, so as to dry the air by chemically reacting to the water vapor in the air within the filter to adsorb and remove the water vapor.
Another option is using a thermodynamic cycle, otherwise known as the “Russian cycle”, where the compressor and turbo expander are located in one cylinder and chamber connected horizontally with the motor so as to use the expansion energy from the compressed air in the expander as an energy for compressing the outside air in the compressor, thereby reducing the running cost. The unit is environmentally friendly low-temperature cycle (up to −110° C.) enclosed in one functional block aggregate, and can be fully automated.
The air entering chamber 260 and passing through chambers 240 and 260 cools down these two chambers 240 and 260, thereby causing the cooling down of enclosure/chamber 250 and the particles moving therethrough. After passing through chamber 260 and then chamber 240, the cooling air is returned to compressors 210 where it will be compressed again. This way, only a small amount of ambient air will have to be drawn by compressors 210, and for the air leaving the compressors at about 10 to 15 bars, less energy will have to be invested every time such a cycle occurs.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, although the particles themselves undergo a batch type of operation as they are maintained within the chamber for a predefined period of time, still, the recycling of the cooling air is a continuous type of operation, independent of the process which the particles are subjected to.
While only the above embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that many changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The present invention has been described using non-limiting detailed descriptions of preferred embodiments thereof that are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be understood that features described with respect to one embodiment may be used with other embodiments. Variations of embodiments described will occur to persons of the art. Furthermore, the terms “comprise”, “include”, “have” and their conjugates shall mean, when used in the claims “including but not necessarily limited to”. Also when term was used in the singular form it should be understood to encompass its plural form and vice versa, as the case may be.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 192797 | Jul 2008 | IL | national |
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/560,301 entitled “Device and Method for Cooling Solid Particles” filed Jul. 27, 2012, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/054,199 entitled “Device and Method for Cooling Solid Particles” filed May 6, 2011, and being the national phase application of International patent application No. PCT/IL2009/000672 filed on Jul. 6, 2009, which claims priority from Israeli patent application No. 192,797 entitled “Device and Method for Cooling Solid Particles” filed on Jul. 14, 2008, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13560301 | Jul 2012 | US |
| Child | 14736239 | US | |
| Parent | 13054199 | May 2011 | US |
| Child | 13560301 | US |
