The present invention is directed generally to the dispensing of prescriptions of pharmaceuticals, and more specifically is directed to the automated dispensing of pharmaceuticals.
Pharmacy generally began with the compounding of medicines, which entailed the actual mixing and preparing of medications. Heretofore, pharmacy has been, to a great extent, a profession of dispensing, that is, the pouring, counting, and labeling of a prescription, and subsequently transferring the dispensed medication to the patient. Because of the repetitiveness of many of the pharmacist's tasks, automation of these tasks has been desirable.
Some attempts have been made to automate the pharmacy environment. Different exemplary approaches are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,337,919 to Spaulding et al. and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,006,946; 6,036,812 and 6,176,392 to Williams et al. The Williams system conveys a bin with tablets to a counter and a vial to the counter. The counter dispenses tablets to the vial. Once the tablets have been dispensed, the system returns the bin to its original location and conveys the vial to an output device. Tablets may be counted and dispensed with any number of counting devices. Drawbacks to these systems typically include the relatively low speed at which prescriptions are filled and the absence in these systems of securing a closure (i.e., a lid) on the container after it is filled.
One additional automated system for dispensing pharmaceuticals is described in some detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,541 to Williams et al. This system has the capacity to select an appropriate vial, label the vial, fill the vial with a desired quantity of a selected pharmaceutical tablet, apply a cap to the filled vial, and convey the labeled, filled, capped vial to an offloading station for retrieval. The system discussed therein employs forced air that agitates tablets within a bin. The agitated tablets are conveyed via suction in singulated fashion through an outlet into the vial.
The Williams system includes a compressor that provides the forced air to agitate the tablets and to create the suction that induces the tablets through the outlet. The process of compressing air forces water vapor to liquefy in the compressed air stream. This liquid is separated from the pressurized air and periodically dispelled. Operators must then remove the water manually. It would be desirable to provide a system that addresses the presence of condensation from the compressor.
As a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a system for evaporating excess water from a source. The system comprises a housing having: an air inlet, the air inlet directing air in a first direction; an air outlet; a plurality of channels arranged generally perpendicular to the first direction, the channels having undulations; and a water reservoir that feeds water into the channels. In some embodiments, baffles are created with walls that depend from the ceiling of the housing and that are interdigitated with dividers that separate the channels. This configuration can remove water generated by the source (such as an external compressor) in a quick and efficient manner.
As a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a system for evaporating excess water generated by a compressor unit. The system comprises a housing having an air inlet, the air inlet directing air in a first direction, an air outlet, a plurality of channels, and a water reservoir that feeds water into the channels. The system further comprises a compressor unit that generates air and water, the water being extracted from pressurized air produced by the compressor unit. The compressor unit is fluidly connected with the air inlet to supply ambient air thereto and fluidly connected to the water reservoir to provide water thereto.
As a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to an automated pharmacy machine. The automated pharmacy machine comprises: a container dispensing station; a container labeling station; a tablet dispensing station, the tablet dispensing station being configured to utilize compressed air provided by a compressor unit; a capping station; a carrier configured to move a container between the container dispensing station, the container labeling station, the tablet dispensing station, and the capping station; and an evaporation system. The evaporation system is configured to receive ambient air and water from the compressor unit, the water being extracted from pressurized air produced by the compressor unit, and to evaporate the water utilizing the ambient air.
As a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method of evaporating water generated by a compressor unit. The method includes the steps of: pressurizing air with the compressor unit; extracting water from the pressurized air; passing the extracted water into an evaporation system; passing ambient air generated by the compressor unit into the evaporation system at a rate sufficient to evaporate the water.
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Thicknesses and dimensions of some components may be exaggerated for clarity.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein the expression “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In addition, spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Also, as used herein, the terms “downstream” and “upstream,” which are often used in manufacturing environments to indicate that certain material being acted upon is farther along in the manufacturing process than other material, are intended to indicate relative positions of components along a path followed by a substantially continuous material flow that travels along and through the components. A component that is “downstream” from another component means that the first component is positioned farther along the path, and a component that is “upstream” from another component means that the first component is nearer the origin of the path. It should be noted that, relative to an absolute x-y-z coordinate axis system, these directions shift as the material is conveyed between different operations. When they occur, these shifts in absolute direction are noted hereinbelow, and the downstream direction is redefined with reference to structures illustrated in the drawings.
Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.
As described above, the invention relates generally to a system and process for dispensing pharmaceuticals. An exemplary process is described generally with reference to
A system that can carry out this process is illustrated in
Turning now to
Turning now to
A water reservoir 122 is located on the side of the lower half 104 opposite the outlet region 118. The water reservoir 122 includes a water inlet 126 that is configured to receive water extracted from the compressor unit 150. The reservoir 122 is sloped upwardly at each end to encourage water to flow toward the center thereof. Feed slots 124 are located to provide fluid communication between the water reservoir 122 and each of the channels 110.
Turning now to
In the illustrated embodiment, the lower half 104 is typically formed as an integral unit, but can be formed from multiple components. The lower half 104 may be formed of any suitable material, but is typically formed of an injection molded polymeric material, such as ABS. In some embodiments, the material may be treated with an antimicrobial agent to prevent mold growth.
Turning now to
In the illustrated embodiment, the ceiling 102 is typically formed as an integral unit, but can be formed from multiple components. The ceiling 102 may be formed of any suitable material, but is typically formed of an injection molded polymeric material, such as ABS.
As can be seen in
In operation, water separated from the pressurized air produced by the compressor unit 150 is routed from the water separator 160 to the water reservoir 122 through the water inlet 126. The shape of the reservoir 122 encourages the water to pool in the central portion of the reservoir 122. Water flows from there into the channels 110 through the feed slots 124. Individual undulations 112 trap some of the water, with the remainder of the water continuing to flow down the channels 110; if there is sufficient water present in a channel 110, it will flow through the flow apertures 136 to the downstream end of the channel 110 (see
High temperature ambient air from the blower 154 of the compressor unit 150 is directed into the opening 108 of the inlet region 106. In some embodiments, the temperature of the air is between about 120 and 140° F., and the flow rate is between about 20 and 30 cfm. As is shown in
As can be seen in
Those skilled in this art will appreciate that the evaporator system 100 may take other forms. For example, more or fewer channels 110 may be present. The undulations may be shaped differently (for example, they may have a square wave or sawtoothed configuration), they may be oriented perpendicular to or at an oblique angle relative to the direction of air flow, or they may be omitted entirely. The channels may be sloped more or less gently, or may be level. Also, more or fewer walls depending from the ceiling (that form the baffles) may be present, or they may be omitted entirely. The dividing wall and/or partition may be omitted. Other possible variations will be recognized by those skilled in this art.
In addition, the direction of air flow may be oriented at an oblique angle or parallel with the channels. Also, the air flow may be directed only in one direction (such that the air inlet and outlet are on opposed ends of the housing), or it may be redirected multiple times across the series of channels. The air may be supplied from a source other than a compressor, as may the water to be evaporated.
Further, the evaporator system is not limited to use in an automated pharmaceutical dispensing machine; any device or apparatus that uses a compressor unit or otherwise generates undesirable condensation may be suitable for use with an evaporation system according to embodiments of the invention.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the claims. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/018,980; Filed Jan. 4, 2008 entitled Device and Method for Evaporating Water from Compressor in Automated Pharmacy Machine, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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