Patent Application
20150275096
The invention relates to a device and also to a method for extracting carbonaceous substances, in particular bitumen, from oil sand.
Large portions of the worldwide oil reserves exist in the form of oil sand. A mixture of rock, clay, sand, water and bitumen or other heavy oils is understood by oil sand. Only bitumen, which typically exists with a viscosity of API 5° to 15° with respect to deposits, shall be mentioned in the following text as being representative for heavy oils, extra-heavy oils or generally long-chain hydrocarbons. By means of corresponding process steps, the bitumen can be converted into synthetic crude oil.
Oil sand deposits, if they lie in strata of shallow depth, are mined preferably by open-cast mining. Oil sand deposits, however, often lie in deeper strata which are not accessible to open-cast mining or the mining of which would be uneconomical in open-cast mining. Oil sand deposits are typically mined after depths of about 60 m by so-called in-situ processes since with these processes the removal of the surface layer, which lies above the oil sand deposit, is not necessary.
The common in-situ process is the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). With the SAGD process, the bitumen, which is present in the earth in a deposit, is heated by means of superheated steam. As a result of the heat effect the long-chain hydrocarbons of the highly viscous bitumen are broken down. The heating of the oil sand leads to a reduction of the viscosity of the bitumen which as a result becomes free-flowing and can be pumped out of the deposit in a conventional manner.
The device for the SAGD process comprises at least one injection pipeline for feeding the superheated steam into the deposit and a production pipeline through which the fluid bitumen can be transported out of the deposit to the earth's surface. The injection pipeline and the production pipeline are laid inside the deposit essentially parallel to each other and extending horizontally one above the other. The injection pipeline and the production pipeline usually have a distance of about 5 m to 10 m from each other in the vertical direction. In the horizontal direction, the pipes extend inside the deposit by a length of between several hundred meters and a few kilometers. The injection pipeline is typically located above the production pipeline. As a result of the heating of the bitumen and the reduction of the viscosity thereof, the bitumen flows to the bottom downward on account of gravitational force and therefore towards the production pipeline and can be simply pumped out there and transported to the earth's surface. The transporting can be achieved either by oil lift pumps or by introduction of an overpressure in the deposit. The introduction of overpressure has the significant disadvantage, however, that earth displacements on the earth's surface (blow out) can occur in the surrounding area of the deposit, especially when the stratum above the deposit is of small thickness. For this reason, the steam pressure, before introduction into the deposit, is usually reduced by means of a restrictor or a throttle valve to a pressure which is lower than the rock pressure in the region of the deposit. The throttle valve is arranged between the steam generator and the injection pipeline in this case. Since the steam pressure is reduced in the throttle valve, without being utilized, the process is inefficient.
For this reason, in the not yet pre-publicized German patent application 10 2012 000092.8, with the title “Device and method for extracting carbonaceous substances from oil sands”, of the applicant it is proposed to arrange at least one steam turbine between the steam generator and the injection pipeline. By arranging the steam turbines between the steam generator and the injection pipeline, the pressure reduction, which is usually carried out via the throttle valve, without being utilized, can be utilized for power recovery. To this end, the steam turbine is preferably connected to a generator for power generation.
A further common in-situ process is electromagnetic gravity drainage (EMGD). With the EMGD process, the heating of the deposit is carried out using an electric/electromagnetic heating method, in which in particular an inductive heating is carried out. The EMGD process is disclosed in the German patent application 10 2007 040605.5, with the title “Device for the in-situ transporting of bitumen or heavy oil”, of the applicant. The EMGD process is also associated with large expenditure of energy.
It is therefore the object of the invention to develop the known in-situ process in such a way that the efficiency of the device is increased. At the same time, it is an object of the present invention to set forth a corresponding method for extracting carbonaceous substances.
The object is achieved by means of the features of independent claim 1 with regard to the device and by means of the features of independent claim 5 with regard to the method. In addition to the high energy demand, the processing of the bitumen-water emulsion also causes problems. During the processing, it cannot be ensured that the water is totally separated from the bitumen. Rather, consideration has therefore to be given to the fact that residues of bitumen remain in the water and, as a result, ultimately in the steam. These cause considerable problems when using a steam turbine since contamination can occur inside the steam turbine and as a result lead to an altered operating behavior of the steam turbine. Moreover, the carbonaceous substances can attack the material of the steam turbine so that high-quality and therefore more expensive materials have to be used for the steam turbine.
Starting from the previously described problem, it is an object of the invention to provide a device for extracting carbonaceous substances, in particular bitumen, from oil sands, which device avoids the previously described disadvantages and has a high level of efficiency.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for extracting carbonaceous substances, in particular bitumen, from oil sands by means of such a device.
The object is achieved by means of the features of independent claim 1 with regard to the device and by means of the features of independent claim 5 with regard to the method.
Embodiments and developments of the invention, which can be applied individually or in combination with each other, are the subject matter of the dependent claims. The device according to the invention for extracting carbonaceous substances, in particular bitumen, from oil sands comprises at least two separate steam circuits, wherein:
As a result of the embodiment according to the invention of the device with at least two steam circuits, the steam circuit with which the steam turbine is operated can be operated as a closed circuit which does not come into contact with carbonaceous substances. Therefore, no impurities arise in the first steam circuit and contamination and damage to the steam turbine do not have to be taken into consideration. As a result of this, the operating reliability of the steam turbine is increased and the use of expensive special materials, which are insensitive to carbonaceous substances, can be dispensed with, as a result of which the costs of the steam turbine can be reduced.
The second steam circuit serves for generating steam which can be directed via the injection pipelines into the deposit of oil sands. The steam heats the deposit and consequently the oil sands, as a result of which the breaking up of the long-chain hydrocarbons occurs. Moreover, the viscosity of the bitumen is reduced, as a result of which the bitumen becomes free-flowing. The free-flowing bitumen sinks towards the bottom in the process due to gravitational force and can then be transported to the surface as a bitumen-water emulsion. For the transporting, simple oil lift pumps, for example, are suitable. The bitumen-water emulsion can then be processed in a corresponding processing plant, wherein the water of the bitumen-water emulsion can be fed to the second steam circuit via a corresponding return line. Bitumen residues in the steam do not make their way into the steam turbine in this case on account of the separate steam circuit and therefore do not lead to malfunctions of the steam turbine. As a result of the design according to the invention of the device for extracting carbonaceous substances from oil sands with two separate steam circuits, there therefore exists a circuit with “cleaner” steam which serves for operating the steam turbine, and there exists an open circuit with “impure” steam for heating the oil sand deposits.
One embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the steam turbine is connected on the output side to a first generator for power generation, is distinguished by the fact that the device comprises an electric/electromagnetic heater for heating the oil sands and can be operated by electric power which is generated by means of the first generator. As a result of the additional electric/electromagnetic heater, a particularly fast and efficient heating of the oil sand deposit ensues, as a result of which an especially efficient breaking up of the long-chain hydrocarbons is carried out and a rapid viscosity reduction is made possible. As a result of this, the deposits can be mined in an optimum manner. Owing to the fact that the first generator is mounted directly on the drive side of the steam turbine, the electric power is used for the electric/electromagnetic heater without large losses, as a result of which a high level of efficiency of the device according to the invention ensues. A further embodiment of the invention provides that the device comprises at least one heat engine, especially a gas turbine, which is connected on the output side to a second generator for power generation, and that the electric power, which is generated by means of the second generator, can be used for the simultaneous or alternative heating of the oil sands by means of the electric/electromagnetic heater. By using a heat engine for generating additional electric power, the electric/electromagnetic heater can be of a correspondingly more powerful design and can be adapted to the available oil sand deposit. By means of suitable switching, the electric/electromagnetic heater can preferably be operated solely by means of the heat engine, solely by means of the steam turbine or by means of both the steam turbine and the heat engine or their associated generators. Depending on the generated electric power and the required electric power of the electric/electromagnetic heater, the generators can additionally deliver power for auxiliary units or feed power into an electricity network.
A further embodiment of the invention provides that the steam generation in the first steam circuit is carried out by means of a second heat exchanger, wherein the hot exhaust gas of the heat engine is used for steam generation in the first steam circuit. By utilizing the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the heat engine, the efficiency of the device according to the invention can be increased. The heat release in this case is preferably carried out in a heat exchanger, wherein the exhaust gas flows through the heat exchanger in counterflow to the water/steam of the first steam circuit.
The method according to the invention for extracting carbonaceous substances, in particular bitumen, from oil sands by means of a device according to one of the previous claims comprises the following method steps:
By means of the method according to the invention, the carbonaceous substance, in particular bitumen, is mined from the oil sand, via a separate steam circuit, from the oil sand occurrence or the oil sand deposit and in the process does not come into communication with the steam circuit which serves for operating the steam turbine. Resulting from this is an “impure” steam circuit, which can contain constituents of bitumen, and a “clean”, closed steam circuit for operating the steam turbine. The two steam circuits which are independent of each other ensure a high level of operational reliability and reduce the costs for the steam turbine since no contamination can occur and therefore the materials for the steam turbine can be of a lower quality than those used previously.
An exemplary embodiment and further advantages of the invention are described below in
The device according to the invention for such an in-situ process comprises at least two separate steam circuits 1, 5. The first steam circuit 1 in this case comprises at least one first steam generator 2 and a steam turbine 3 which is connected to the first steam generator 2 and has an intermediate steam extraction point 4. The second steam circuit 5 comprises at least one second steam generator, especially in the form of a first heat exchanger 7, an injection pipeline 8, a production pipeline 9 and a water processing plant 10. The injection pipeline 8 and the production pipeline 9 usually extend horizontally inside the deposit 14 (not shown in
The bitumen-water emulsion can then be processed in a corresponding processing plant 10 to form crude oil. The water of the bitumen-water emulsion is recovered in the processing plant 10 and fed again to the second steam generator 6 via a corresponding feedback line 16. The intermediate steam extraction point 4 of the first steam circuit 1 is in functional communication with the first heat exchanger 7 of the second steam circuit 5. This means that the superheated steam is extracted from the intermediate steam extraction point and thermal energy in the first heat exchanger 7 is released to the water/steam of the second steam circuit 5 and consequently ensures evaporation of the water in the second steam circuit 5. During this, there is no direct contact between the water/steam of the first steam circuit 1 and the water/steam of the second steam circuit 5. The first steam circuit 1 is operated as a closed steam circuit. As a result of this, no contamination of the water/steam in the first steam circuit 1 can occur. Contamination of the water/steam of the first steam circuit 1 with bitumen is therefore excluded. As a result of this, the operational reliability of the device according to the invention noticeably increases compared with the devices which are described in the prior art. Moreover, the steam turbine and the associated auxiliary units and pipelines can be produced from simpler materials, as a result of which the costs for the steam turbine can be reduced. The steam turbine 3 is connected on the output side to a first generator G1. The generator G1 generates electric power which serves directly for operating an electric/electromagnetic heater 11. The electric/electromagnetic heater also serves for heating the oil sand deposits. The electric/electromagnetic heater 11 is introduced in the deposit in addition to the injection and production pipelines. As a result of the additional electric/electromagnetic heater 11, a particularly efficient heating of the deposit is achieved. As a result of this, an efficient breaking up of the long-chain hydrocarbons and a substantial lowering of the viscosity of the bitumen are achieved, as a result of which the deposit can be mined in a very efficient manner.
The device furthermore comprises a heat engine in the form of a gas turbine 12 which is connected on the output side to a second generator G2. The generator G2 also generates electric power which can be used for operating the electric/electromagnetic heater 11. Provision is preferably made for switching which enables the electric/electromagnetic heater 11 to be operated either solely via the steam turbine 3, solely via the gas turbine 12, or via the gas turbine 12 and the steam turbine 3, or their generators, at the same time. Depending on the required electric power, the gas turbine 12 can be correspondingly designed.
The electric power which is generated by the generators G1 and G2 and not required can be additionally used for operating additional and auxiliary units of the plant or be fed into an electricity network.
The steam generation in the first steam circuit is carried out in the exemplary embodiment by means of a second heat exchanger 13. The heat exchanger 13 is fed by hot exhaust gas of the heat engine 12 and in this case the hot exhaust gas passes through the second heat exchanger 13 in counterflow to the water/steam of the first steam circuit 1. The second heat exchanger 13 can be additionally heated by a fired boiler or the like.
The method according to the invention for extracting carbonaceous substances, in particular bitumen, from oil sands by means of the previously described device is explained briefly below. First of all, steam is generated in the first steam generator 2 in the first steam circuit 1 and fed to the steam turbine 3. A first portion of the steam is largely fully expanded in the steam turbine 3 and then condensed in an additional condenser 16 and fed to the first steam generator 2 via additional pumps 17, 18 and a degassing-/deaerating device 19. A second portion of the steam is extracted from the steam turbine 3 at the intermediate steam extraction point 4. The steam which is extracted from the intermediate steam extraction point 4 and which has a higher temperature, is fed back to the first steam generator 2 of the first steam circuit 1 via a first heat exchanger 7 of the second steam circuit 5. The steam flows in this case through the first heat exchanger 7 in counterflow to the water/steam of the second steam circuit 5 and in the process releases a portion of the heat to the water/steam of the second steam circuit 5. As a result of this, steam is generated in the first heat exchanger 7 of the second steam circuit 5 and is introduced into the oil sand via the injection pipeline 8. The superheated steam heats the oil sand and ensures a breaking up of the long-chain hydrocarbons of the carbonaceous substances and leads to a reduction of the viscosity. As a result of this, sinking of the bitumen-water emulsion occurs on account of gravitational force. The bitumen-water emulsion can be discharged via the production pipeline 9 and fed to a processing plant 10. A simple oil lift pump 15 is used for this purpose. In the processing plant 10, the bitumen is separated from the water. The bitumen can then be processed to form crude oil. The water which is separated from the bitumen is fed again to the first heat exchanger 7 and evaporated. Water which is lost in the process is replaced.
The device according to the invention is distinguished by two separate steam circuits, wherein a first steam circuit exists as a closed steam circuit and the steam turbine is operated within the closed steam circuit. The first, closed, steam circuit is not in communication with the carbonaceous substances so that contamination of the first steam circuit, and consequently contamination of the steam turbine, cannot occur. As a result of this, the operational reliability of the steam turbine is increased and the use of high-quality materials can be dispensed with, as a result of which a cost reduction ensues. The extraction of the carbonaceous substances from the oil sands is carried out in a second, open, steam circuit. In this circuit, it does not matter if residues of bitumen are present in the steam.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2012 014 658.2 | Jul 2012 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/062857 | 6/20/2013 | WO | 00 |
