Patent Application
20220407129
Disclosed embodiments are related to devices and methods for monitoring battery systems.
A battery may include multiple battery packs physically secured in an enclosure, and electrically connected in a range of electrical configurations. For example, multiple battery packs may be connected in parallel to provide a higher current, or in series to increase output voltage. Further, many battery packs and systems may be provided to customers as modular components that may be assembled together in any number of different configurations with battery packs and/or cells located in series and/or parallel with one another depending on the desired application and overall battery configuration.
Embodiments of a device and methods to operating the same are described that can provide high level status information about a battery having multiple battery packs. In some embodiments, a smart hub is in communication with battery packs within the battery and configured to selectively query low level status information associated with individual battery packs based on a stored pack configuration that can be updated by a user. The device allows more efficient provision of battery information during flexible reconfiguration of battery packs.
According to some embodiments, a device for providing a user information regarding a battery is provided. The battery includes a plurality of battery packs. The device comprises a hub configured to be in communication with each one of the plurality of battery packs to receive first status information associated with each one of the plurality of battery packs. The hub comprises at least one non-volatile memory configured to store a pack configuration of the battery; at least one processor configured to update the pack configuration based on an input from the user; identify an electrical connection configuration based on the configuration; based on the identified electrical connection configuration, selectively query a status of the received first status information; and determine second status information associated with the battery based on the selectively queried status and the electrical connection configuration.
According to some embodiments, a method for providing a user information regarding a battery including one or more battery packs is provided. The method comprises receiving, with a hub, first status information associated with each respective battery pack of the plurality of battery packs; receiving an input from the user; based on the received input, updating a pack configuration stored in a non-volatile memory of the hub; identifying an electrical connection configuration based on the pack configuration; based on the identified electrical connection configuration, selectively querying a status of the received first status information; and determining second status information associated with the battery based on the selectively queried status and the electrical connection configuration.
According to some embodiments, a system for providing a user information regarding a battery is provided. The battery includes one or more battery packs. The system comprises at least one computer-readable storage device having stored thereon executable instructions; and at least one processor programmed by the executable instructions to perform a method. The method comprises acts of receiving, with a hub, first status information associated with each respective battery pack of the plurality of battery packs; receiving an input from the user; based on the received input, updating a pack configuration stored in a non-volatile memory of the hub; identifying an electrical connection configuration based on the pack configuration; based on the identified electrical connection configuration, selectively querying a status of the received first status information; and determining second status information associated with the battery based on the selectively queried status and the electrical connection configuration.
It should be appreciated that the foregoing concepts, and additional concepts discussed below, may be arranged in any suitable combination, as the present disclosure is not limited in this respect. Further, other advantages and novel features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of various non-limiting embodiments when considered in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. In the drawings:
Some batteries may include removable battery packs or are otherwise reconfigurable to suit the needs of a particular application. Further, some battery monitoring systems can collect and provide information about modular battery packs within a battery. However, unlike dedicated monitoring systems for static battery configurations, such information for modular battery systems is limited to operating status and conditions of individual battery pack such as pack capacity, state of charge, individual voltage, individual current. etc. The inventors have recognized several deficiencies in such prior systems. For example, when the number of packs become large, individual pack data monitoring can provide a large amount of data that can be overwhelming to a user, yet fail to provide useful information about the overall battery status based on the inter-pack configuration within the battery. Moreover, an electrical configuration of modular packs can change between different applications. For example, different arrangements and numbers of modular battery packs that are in parallel and/or in series with one another may be used depending on the particular application to provide different voltages and/or currents. However, unlike dedicated monitoring systems designed for a single battery configuration, typical monitoring systems for modular battery packs only offer individual monitoring of the different packs' operating parameters which may be insufficient for certain applications. For example, individual monitoring puts the burden on a user to identify various overall operating parameters of the battery system such as capacity and/or current imbalances between packs located in parallel, voltage imbalances between serially connected packs, and/or other appropriate battery level operating information. Accordingly, the inventors have recognized there is a need to provide useful battery information that can adjust flexibly depending on the pack configuration to a user.
In view of the above, the Inventor has recognized the benefits associated with determining high level status information about an overall battery system even when modular battery packs which may be arranged in any number of configurations. Accordingly, aspects of the present application may provide a device and a method for using the same to provide a user information regarding a battery having multiple battery packs that contain high level status information that can reflect the particular battery configuration, which is highly flexible and customizable. In some embodiments, a user may input a configuration of the packs, or update the configuration of the packs to reflect a change in configuration, and the device may identify the battery configuration, collect statuses of battery packs and cells within the battery, and aggregate such statuses to determine the high level status information based on the battery configuration, such that the information may be used to update the current operating status of the battery and/or it may be provided to a user. For example, the high level status information may be used to update parameters stored in a the memory of a system for future output and/or recall, display information on an appropriate display for a user, output an alarm to a user based on the high level status information if appropriate, and/or any other appropriate use.
Moreover, devices according to aspects of the present application may selectively and automatically screen multiple status information based on the pack configuration to determine a high level status information for providing to the user. The high level status information may indicate operating status and/or fault status of not an individual battery pack, but a group of battery packs connected in a certain way within the battery. High level status information may include, for example, operating voltages and/or currents of the overall battery and/or individual blocks including multiple battery packs located in parallel, battery capacity, battery state of charge, charge balance between parallel components (e.g. battery packs and blocks of battery packs located in a parallel electrical configuration), current imbalances between parallel components, voltage differentials between components located in series (e.g. battery packs and blocks of battery packs located in series), and/or any other appropriate high level status information related to the battery's operation that is not readily apparent from the individual low level information available from the individual battery packs.
It should be understood that any appropriate low level information associated with an individual battery packs may be used with the systems and methods disclosed herein. Examples of such low-level information that may be monitored from the individual battery packs using any appropriate type of sensor may include, but is not limited to, a voltage, a current, a block imbalance, a temperature, a high temperature condition (e.g. temperature above a threshold temperature as measured by a temperature sensor), a Coulomb count, and/or any other appropriate status information regarding an individual battery pack, which depending on the embodiment may include one or a plurality of cells. Appropriate types of sensors that may be included in the battery pack to provide the desired low level information may include, but are not limited to, coulomb counters, voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, state of health monitors, and/or any other appropriate type of sensor.
In some embodiments, a hub is provided in the device that provides communication with battery packs within a battery. The hub may be considered a “smart hub,” and may, in some examples communicate with each battery pack wirelessly using any suitable wireless communication protocol to avoid cable clutter and increase the flexibility to reconfigure the packs in a battery without changing wiring for communication. The wireless communication protocol may be bluetooth, Zigbee, 802.11 Wi-Fi, Sub-1 GHz radio frequency (RF) connectivity, RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification). NFC (Near-Field Communication), cellular network, or other appropriate wireless communication protocol. A battery may provide energy storage for a consumer or industrial user to power a household as off-grid storage, vehicles such as a car, a recreational vehicle (RV) or a boat, consumer electronics, industrial machinery etc. Battery packs within the battery are modules that can be implemented in any suitable form and from any battery provider, and can be flexibly rearranged into different electrical configurations such as series/parallel and into different physical configurations such as stacking or arrangement in different positions and/or orientations.
In an exemplary use scenario, a user may input to the hub an electrical and/or physical configuration of the battery packs, for example using a user interface (UI) either in the device itself, or on an external electronic device such as but not limited to a smart phone. a portable computer, a tablet computer, smart watch or other wearable device, a bluetooth paired keyboard, touchpad or mouse, and any other suitable interface. The input may be an initial configuration, or an update when the configuration is altered. The hub takes the user input, updates a stored pack configuration, and identifies the electrical connection configuration of how the packs are electrically connected between each other. While the hub is in communication with each pack to receive the pack's status information, the hub can select one or more relevant status information to query based on the electrical configuration of the various battery packs relative to each other. The hub can then provide a high level indication of the battery health and/or operating status that is customized according to the particular inter-pack electrical configuration prior to updating the operating parameters of the battery and/or presenting to the user. Therefore aspects of the present application may provide a flexible and user defined way to work with a modular battery. However, embodiments of the present application may be used or incorporated into any number of different battery systems as well including static battery systems.
Turning to the figures, specific non-limiting embodiments are described in further detail. It should be understood that the various systems, components. features, and methods described relative to these embodiments may be used either individually and/or in any desired combination as the disclosure is not limited to only the specific embodiments described herein.
Battery 102 may also have one or more electrical interfaces 108 that electrically interconnects the battery packs 104 when they are installed within battery 102, and to provide an electrical output for the battery to an external load/charge source 110 to supply power/be recharged. Any suitable electrical connector types and wiring may be used within interface 108. In particular, interface 108 may comprise terminals that can be used to connect the multiple battery packs in a desired electrical and/or physical configuration. For example, the battery packs may be interconnected to one another in any appropriate combination of series and/or parallel electrical connections using any appropriate electrical connection including, but not limited to, solid-state or relay switches, physical wired connections or any other appropriate interface 108. Depending on the particular application, the battery packs may be arranged in different physical and/or electrical configurations. For example, a battery to power a household and a battery to power a boat may have different average and peak powers, nominal voltages, average and peak currents, capacities. and/or other operating considerations. Thus, batteries used for these applications may include different numbers and/or configurations of battery packs to meet the desired operating parameters. Additionally, in some instances, a user 106 may also want to physically remove or replace a pack 104 having electrochemical cells that have deteriorated, or install additional packs 104. Additionally, interface 108 allows a pack 104 to be configured to connect in series or in parallel with a select number of other packs.
Each battery pack 104 within a battery 102 may be of substantially the same design. However, packs of different physical and/or electrical specification may be mixed and matched to suit a customer's needs. In one non-limiting example, the battery 102 may be a 48 V battery system that includes a number of battery packs of 48 V. 24 V and/or 12 V nominal output voltage. The battery packs may be electrically connected to provide a desired 48 V output voltage by for example putting several lower output voltage packs in series, and a desired peak output current by for example putting several packs in parallel.
Battery pack 104 may be a rechargeable battery pack and may have any suitable circuitry and one or more electrochemical cells (not shown). The electrochemical cells may have lithium-based chemistry and may be a lithium-ion battery cell or lithium-polymer battery cell, although aspects of the present application are not limited to lithium-based battery cells and any suitable electrochemistry and related electrode and electrolyte materials for rechargeable energy storage may be used. Circuitry within a pack can provide current and voltage regulation during the recharge/discharge process for cells within the pack. The circuitry may also provide monitoring of status information of the pack and digitization of the status information as digital data for reporting outside of the pack, for example with a communication module 112.
The status information monitored within a battery pack may be a first type of status information that is considered lower level, and may comprise a plurality of detailed characteristics of the battery pack and the electrochemical cells within the individual pack. Exemplary types of such first type of status information being monitored for individual battery packs include but are not limited to: a voltage, a current, a block imbalance. a temperature, a thermal runaway condition (e.g. temperature above a threshold temperature as measured by a temperature sensor), a Coulomb count, and/or any other appropriate status information regarding the battery pack.
In
Still referring to
In some embodiments, a pack configuration representing a defined battery pack layout may be updated based on a user input using input devices 155. For example, a user may manually provide or select from a list the correct pack configuration when changing out a battery pack or initially defining a configuration for a battery. In some embodiments, the input may be collected on an user interface such as user interface 114 that provides interactive feedback that includes one or more of visual, audio, tactile responses to the user input as verification to reduce user input error. While
In some embodiments. a pack configuration update needs not be initiated by a user input. For example, when a change in synced battery pack is detected from removing or addition of a battery pack, the hub may cause the device to prompt the user for a new pack configuration. In some embodiments, the device may determine two or more possible alternative pack configurations to present to the user for selection, which can reduce operator error and improve operation efficiency as the user does not have to manually enter a large number of pack configuration parameters.
As shown in
At act 208, hub 150 performs a pairing process with individual battery packs. Pairing may include synchronization between the hub and a battery pack to establish a communication link, and transmission of commands and data in between the hub and the battery pack. In some embodiments, pairing may be initiated by the hub 150. which pings individual battery packs using identification information such as a serial number, a bluetooth ID etc. that is obtained from the pack configuration. Pairing may be initiated manually by a user after prompting the user. For example, a user may input the identifying information and locations of each battery pack, initiate a pairing of a particular battery pack when prompted to identify a battery pack associated with an indicated position within the electrical configuration stored in memory, and/or any other appropriate manual process. Additionally, pairing may also be performed automatically as the disclosure is not limited to only manually implemented processes.
At act 210, hub 150 receives a stream of low level status information from each of the battery packs synced with the hub 150. The received low level status information may be stored in a suitable format within the memory 151 of the hub 150. The low level status information may then be processed by the device 100 to synthesize high level status information for provision to the user. Because the hub knows that the first and second packs are electrically connected and that the failure modes for serially or parallelly connected components may differ, at act 212, the hub 150 queries the voltage and current information for the first and second packs from the received stream of low level status information. The query results are then used to determine a high level status information, such as the potential failure in the battery 102 caused by the first and second packs. Hub 150 makes the determination based on the electrical connection configuration (series or parallel) it identified at act 206, as well as the selectively queried voltage and/or current at act 212. It should be appreciated that while
Still referring to
The determined high level status information may be used in a variety of ways depending on the specific application. For example, in some embodiment at 214, operating information, such as one or more operating parameters, about the battery stored in a memory of a hub may be updated with the determined high level status information either continuously during operation and/or periodically. Alternatively or additionally, the high level information may be used to output information to a user at 214. In one such embodiment, the high level information itself may be output to a display or other appropriate output device. However, in some embodiments, the hub may output simplified information to a user. For instance, to avoid outputting information which may clutter the output UI for a user, in some embodiments at act 214, the hub 150 may either output a system normal message when the determined high level status information is within normal operating ranges and an alarm, such as a visual alarm, when one or more portions of the high level status information is outside a normal operating range for the battery. This monitoring of low level status information from individual battery packs, determination of high level status information for the battery, updating of operating parameters, and/or outputting information to a user may be done either continuously or periodically as indicated in
While the above described embodiment details the monitoring and outputting of an alarm associated with two potential alarm conditions (i.e. voltage and current imbalances), it should be understood that the methods described herein related to the monitoring and output of information related to high level status information of a flexible modular battery system, including alarms, is not limited to only these parameters. Specifically, the high level information may be used to determine any number of different operating parameters of a battery as detailed previously, and alarm conditions associated with any of these conditions may, or may not, be implemented in a particular system depending on the particular embodiment. Additionally, the monitored information may include monitoring and use of absolute or relative levels. amplitudes. absolute or relative time rates of change of parameters, and/or any other appropriate metric. Additionally, depending on the particular parameter, a normal operating range may include a minimum threshold, a maximum threshold, a range between a minimum threshold in a maximum threshold such that when the parameter is outside the normal operating range for that parameter. an alarm state may be indicated.
Various aspects and functions described herein may be implemented as specialized hardware or software components executing in one or more specialized computer systems. There are many examples of computer systems that are currently in use that could be specially programmed or specially configured. These examples include, among others, network appliances, personal computers, workstations, mainframes, networked clients, servers, media servers, application servers, database servers, and web servers. Other examples of computer systems may include mobile computing devices (e.g., smart phones, tablet computers, and personal digital assistants) and network equipment (e.g., load balancers. routers, and switches). Examples of particular models of mobile computing devices include iPhones, iPads, and iPod touches running iOS operating system available from Apple, Android devices like Samsung Galaxy Series. LG Nexus, and Motorola Droid X. Blackberry devices available from Blackberry Limited, and Windows Phone devices. Further, aspects may be located on a single computer system or may be distributed among a plurality of computer systems connected to one or more communications networks.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in any of numerous ways. For example, the embodiments may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof. When implemented in software, the software code can be executed on any suitable processor or collection of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among multiple computers. Such processors may be implemented as integrated circuits, with one or more processors in an integrated circuit component, including commercially available integrated circuit components known in the art by names such as CPU chips, GPU chips, microprocessor, microcontroller, or co-processor. Alternatively, a processor may be implemented in custom circuitry, such as an ASIC, or semicustom circuitry resulting from configuring a programmable logic device. As yet a further alternative, a processor may be a portion of a larger circuit or semiconductor device, whether commercially available, semi-custom or custom. As a specific example, some commercially available microprocessors have multiple cores such that one or a subset of those cores may constitute a processor. Though, a processor may be implemented using circuitry in any suitable format.
Further, it should be appreciated that a computer may be embodied in any of a number of forms, such as a rack-mounted computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or a tablet computer. Additionally, a computer may be embedded in a device not generally regarded as a computer but with suitable processing capabilities, including a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). a smart phone or any other suitable portable or fixed electronic device.
Depending on the nature of the computing device, one or more additional elements may be present. For example, a smart phone or other portable electronic device may include a camera, capable of capturing still or video images. In some embodiments, a computing device may include sensors such as a global positioning system (GPS) to sense location and inertial sensors such as a compass, an inclinometer and/o ran accelerometer. The operating system may include utilities to control these devices to capture data from them and make it available to applications executing on the computing device.
As another example, in some embodiments, a computing device may include a network interface to implement a personal area network. Such an interface may operate in accordance with any suitable technology, including a Bluetooth, Zigbee or an 802.11 ad hoc mode, for example.
Such a computer device may be interconnected by one or more networks in any suitable form, including as a local area network or a wide area network, such as an enterprise network or the Internet. Such networks may be based on any suitable technology and may operate according to any suitable protocol and may include wireless networks, wired networks or fiber optic networks.
Also, a computer may have one or more input and output devices. These devices can be used, among other things, to present a user interface. Examples of output devices that can be used to provide a user interface include printers or display screens for visual presentation of output and speakers or other sound generating devices for audible presentation of output. Examples of input devices that can be used for a user interface include keyboards, and pointing devices, such as mice, touch pads, and digitizing tablets. As another example, a computer may receive input information through speech recognition or in other audible format. In the embodiment illustrated, the input/output devices are illustrated as physically separate from the computing device. In some embodiments, however, the input and/or output devices may be physically integrated into the same unit as the processor or other elements of the computing device. For example, a keyboard might be implemented as a soft keyboard on a touch screen. Alternatively, the input/output devices may be entirely disconnected from the computing device, and functionally integrated through a wireless connection.
The computer may be a computer system including an operating system that manages at least a portion of the hardware elements. In some examples, a processor or controller executes an operating system. Examples of a particular operating system that may be executed include a Windows-based operating system, such as. Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows NT, Windows 2000 (Windows ME). Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows 7 operating systems, available from the Microsoft Corporation. a MAC OS System X operating system or an iOS operating system available from Apple Computer, one of many Linux-based operating system distributions, for example, the Enterprise Linux operating system available from Red Hat Inc., a Solaris operating system available from Oracle Corporation, or a UNIX operating systems available from various sources. Many other operating systems may be used, and examples are not limited to any particular operating system.
The processor and operating system together define a computer platform for which application programs in high-level programming languages are written. These component applications may be executable, intermediate, bytecode or interpreted code which communicates over a communication network, for example, the Internet, using a communication protocol, for example, TCP/IP. Similarly. aspects may be implemented using an object-oriented programming language, such as .Net, SmallTalk, Java, C++, Ada, C# (C-Sharp), Python, or JavaScript. Other object-oriented programming languages may also be used. Alternatively, functional, scripting, or logical programming languages may be used.
Additionally, various aspects and functions may be implemented in a non-programmed environment. For example, documents created in HTML, XML or other formats, when viewed in a window of a browser program, can render aspects of a graphical-user interface or perform other functions. Further, various examples may be implemented as programmed or non-programmed elements, or any combination thereof. For example, a web page may be implemented using HTML while a data object called from within the web page may be written in C++. Thus, the examples are not limited to a specific programming language and any suitable programming language could be used. Accordingly, the functional components disclosed herein may include a wide variety of elements (e.g., specialized hardware, executable code, data structures or objects) that are configured to perform the functions described herein.
In this respect, the invention may be embodied as a computer readable storage medium (or multiple computer readable media) (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs, compact discs (CD), optical discs, digital video disks (DVD), magnetic tapes, flash memories, circuit configurations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other semiconductor devices, or other tangible computer storage medium) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more computers or other processors, perform methods that implement the various embodiments of the invention discussed above. As is apparent from the foregoing examples, a computer readable storage medium may retain information for a sufficient time to provide computer-executable instructions in a non-transitory form. Such a computer readable storage medium or media can be transportable, such that the program or programs stored thereon can be loaded onto one or more different computers or other processors to implement various aspects of the present invention as discussed above. As used herein, the term “computer-readable storage medium” encompasses only a computer-readable medium that can be considered to be a manufacture (i.e., article of manufacture) or a machine. Alternatively or additionally, the invention may be embodied as a computer readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, such as a propagating signal.
In some examples, the components disclosed herein may read parameters that affect the functions performed by the components. These parameters may be physically stored in any form of suitable memory including volatile memory (such as RAM) or nonvolatile memory (such as a magnetic hard drive). In addition, the parameters may be logically stored in a propriety data structure (such as a database or file defined by a user space application) or in a commonly shared data structure (such as an application registry that is defined by an operating system). In addition, some examples provide for both system and user interfaces that allow external entities to modify the parameters and thereby configure the behavior of the components.
The terms “code”, “program” or “software” are used herein in a generic sense to refer to any type of computer code or set of computer-executable instructions that can be employed to program a computer or other processor to implement various aspects of the present invention as discussed above. Additionally. it should be appreciated that according to one aspect of this embodiment, one or more computer programs that when executed perform methods of the present invention need not reside on a single computer or processor, but may be distributed in a modular fashion amongst a number of different computers or processors to implement various aspects of the present invention.
Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects. components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. The instructions may be persistently stored as encoded signals, and the instructions may cause the processor to perform any of the functions described herein.
Also, data structures may be stored in computer-readable media in any suitable form. For simplicity of illustration, data structures may be shown to have fields that are related through location in the data structure. Such relationships may likewise be achieved by assigning storage for the fields with locations in a computer-readable medium that conveys relationship between the fields. However, any suitable mechanism may be used to establish a relationship between information in fields of a data structure, including through the use of pointers, tags or other mechanisms that establish relationship between data elements. The media may, for example, be optical disk, magnetic disk or flash memory, among others. In operation, the processor manipulates the data within the memory, and then copies the data to the storage medium associated with the data storage element after processing is completed. A variety of components may manage data movement between the storage medium and other memory elements and examples are not limited to particular data management components. Further, examples are not limited to a particular memory system or data storage system.
Based on the foregoing disclosure, it should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to a particular computer system platform, processor, operating system. network, or communication protocol. Also, it should be apparent that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to a specific architecture or programming language.
Having thus described several aspects of at least one embodiment of this invention, it is to be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Further, though advantages of the present invention are indicated, it should be appreciated that not every embodiment of the invention will include every described advantage. Some embodiments may not implement any features described as advantageous herein and in some instances. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.
Various aspects of the present invention may be used alone, in combination, or in a variety of arrangements not specifically discussed in the embodiments described in the foregoing and is therefore not limited in its application to the details and arrangement of components set forth in the foregoing description or illustrated in the drawings. For example, aspects described in one embodiment may be combined in any manner with aspects described in other embodiments.
Also, the invention may be embodied as a method, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.
The indefinite articles “a” and “an.” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.”
The phrase “and/or.” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined. i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently. “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B. with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.
Use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., in the claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence. or order of one claim element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed. but are used merely as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term) to distinguish the claim elements.
Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having.” “containing,” “involving,” and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/951,181, filed Dec. 20, 2019, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2020/065896 | 12/18/2020 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62951181 | Dec 2019 | US |
