Patent Application
20160136653
The present invention relates to a method and to a device for comminuting ore or stone and/or in particular slag, the ore being pulverised using water in a wet process or also without using water in a dry process in a particularly ecological manner.
According to the Fraunhofer Institute humanity will consume annually in the year 2050 140 billions tons of minerals, mineral ores, fossil fuels and biomass. Today we consume one third thereof. Resources will become the key in global competition, in particular in mining. “Reducing energie and resources” is deemed to be the maxim of the indsutrie. Energie efficient innovations are a step towards conserving resources and at the same time a chance to change economy and to set sustainable impulses.
Mining plays a strategic role in terms of production of raw materials. Procedural improvements are the first step for more resource usage instead of resource consumption.
Thus, there is a great need to also use environmentally friendly methods and devices when extracting raw materials, in particular in order to protect the people involved from damage to their health. With the conventional comminution of ore the people involved in the mining have their health compromised by the development of dust which may affect the lungs of the people in question.
Furthermore, there is a need to improve the methods and devices used for mining, in particular for the processing of ore, such that energy consumption is reduced and damage to the environment is minimised.
In a classic view dressing of ore takes place until today in four steps. Multiple crushing machines serially connected crush the produced ore to a defined particle size, which is further crushed in mills, mostly ball mills, by wet-mechanical process. The resulting pumpable suspension becomes classified respectively divided in different grain classes. The last step of processing ore rocks forms floating, a physical-chemical process in which ore containing metal is transported in water by means of gas bubbles sticking thereon to the water surface and which are skimmed there. As end product the ore concentrate results.
Those big crushing machines form the preliminary stage of ore dressing in mining. Dependent on country, region, productivity and size of the mine several try working crusher units and a downstream ball mill including a conveyor mechanism and a sieving mechanism form a chain in ore crushing. Size of the facility, energy and logistic effort for the stoneware as well as dust exposure of the environment are enormous in conventional appliances.
The crushing principle of e.g. a jaw crusher only works with mechanically generated pressure. Crushing of crush items mainly happens in a wedge-shaped shaft between a stationary and an eccentric moved crusher jaw. In the course of movement stoneware is crushed until the material is smaller as an adjusted crush gap.
Moreover it continues in a ball mill: In ball mills the precrushed ore rocks are milled together with iron balls in a drum, which is rotated. Thereby the grist is “squashed” by means of the balls, which results in particle crushing. Inclusive an abrasion of the mill balls itself, which contaminate the ore with the iron of the iron balls.
Ball mills for comminuting ore have been known for a long time, the ore being set in rotation together with iron balls until the desired fineness has been achieved in the ball mill. This type of known ball mill is already known from DE 40 02 29, the grinding cylinder containing balls, flints or similar in order to grind up the ore.
However, in such known ball mills the grinding cylinder must be designed to be particularly robust in order to be able to withstand the balls striking against the cylinder wall without any damage, and for this reason the weight of the grinding cylinder is greatly increased. Consequently, the operating costs and energy input are high with such ball mills. Furthermore, the rotating grinding cylinder is subject to a high degree of wear as a result of the balls striking against the grinding cylinder, and so after a relatively short time both the balls and the grinding cylinder have to be replaced. The iron balls cost between 800 US $/ton, depending on the size and property and are in a minimum of time used due to abrasion, wherein the abrasion causes a contamination of the grist and therewith the following floating respectively the floating process is costlier. Moreover, it is necessary with ball mills for the ore to be ground by a separate comminuting unit and then by one or more ball mills connected one behind the other in order to comminute the ore in the desired manner, effective pulverisation of the ore hardly being possible.
Moreover, such ball mills are not suitable for comminuting or pulverising ore together with slag or slag on its own because slag, which is produced in particular as a waste product when further processing ore, is very brittle and has a hard structure.
Further document WO 2011/038914A1 of the same inventor discloses a very good and small size device for comminuting ore. However depending on the sort of ore and/or the desired degree of crushing of the ore powder it is often necessary to process the product conducted out of the device with a further device. As it turned out comminuted ore should be further comminuted to facilitate the further processing steps. Yet, a further processing of the conducted product is only possible by feeding the conducted product to a further processing device. It becomes apparent therefrom, that often multiple devices have to be provided, whereby the conducted product respectively the comminuted ore must be feed to the further device. Because of the high demand for space, which results therefrom, a high demand for a further improved solution exists.
It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for comminuting ore and/or in particular slag which is highly effective and only shows a small amount of wear and which requires less space as well as staff for operating, the ore should be pulverised in the desired manner.
This object is achieved by the device according to the features of claim 1 and by the method according to the features of claim 12.
The invention is based upon the idea of providing a method and a device for comminuting ore, the device according to the invention comprising an ore feed unit for feeding ore to be comminuted to a first comminuting means. The first comminuting means of the device is composed of at least two comminuting elements that can be moved relative to each other, which elements form at least one comminuting space for the ore to be comminuted with each other such that, by a relative movement in the form of a rotation around a rotation axis of at least one of the two comminuting elements the ore to be comminuted is pulverised at east partially in that one or more accelerating elements, in particular protrusions, are provided on at least one of the comminuting elements, said accelerating elements being arranged in particular on the end face of one of the two comminuting elements and accelerating and comminuting the ore to be comminuted by the rotation of one of the two comminuting elements, so that the striking of this differently accelerated ore also provides pulverisation by means of the so-called micro-impact of ore.
When protrusions are provided as accelerating elements on one of the two comminuting elements, acceleration of the ore to be comminuted is produced particularly easily due to the rotation and the different relative speeds of the two comminuting elements. Iron balls, as used in the prior art, are not necessary, whereby costs resulting from such iron balls are not present. In particular provides the invention an improved “ball mill without balls”, thus the comminuted ore does not become contaminated by outwearing iron balls.
Thus, for example, the two comminuting elements can rotate in opposite directions or a comminuting element is fixed, and the other comminuting element rotates in order to achieve a relative movement between the two comminuting elements.
Further between the two comminuting elements and/or in at least one of the two comminuting elements an intermediate space is provided, through which comminuted ore is conveyed during rotation from the centre of rotation outwardly, and away from the two comminuting elements. The two comminuting elements are preferably formed as two relatively to each other movable disc jaws, which work as accelerator and collide body for the ore to be comminuted. Adjustable rotation possibilities of the actuated disc jaws generate with specific protrution elements very high relative speeds of the rocks. During operation of the device according to the invention in the intermediate space between the comminuting elements a wild colliding takes place between the individual materials. Ore ware directly collides with ore ware and because of this a Micro Impact Effekt is generated and because of this the materials are crushing and comminuting each other. Thanks to this innovative method the crushing takes place much faster compared to the sole mechanical crushing technique with crushers and ball mills. It is in particular due to this unique feature of the mill, that the material comminutes itself with uncountable self collisions.
After the pulverisation in the comminuting space between the two comminuting elements the pulverised ore is conveyed from the centre of rotation outwards, in particular due to the centrifugal force and the force of gravity, into an intermediate space which is provided between the two comminuting elements and/or in at least one of the two comminuting elements.
In particular an outlet unit for outletting the ore pulverized by the first comminuting means is provided, that is connected with the intermediate space, wherein the outlet unit is coupled with a separating means by which the pulverized ore is separated into two portions, wherein a first portion of the pulverized ore has a first particle size, which is essentially larger as a predetermined particle size of the second portion of the pulverized ore, wherein the first portion of the pulverized ore is directed to the first comminuting means or to a second comminuting means and the second portion of the pulverized ore is directed, in particular immediately, to a floating means.
Rocks are accelerated in the inventive device, in particular in the first comminuting means, which collide according to the chaos principle multiple times with each other. Finest rock powder is generated within shortest time. Entirely different as the other crushers and mills, which need mechanical means and iron balls for that. According to the present invention rocks are subjected to high accelerating and kinetic energy, which causes crashing of stone on stone and crashing of single grain on single grain according to the chaos principle. Breakage of the material itself happens due to self collision—without usage of mill mechanic or milling media. No wear can occur, since exchange of iron balls in ball mills is cost-intensive.
It is conceivable that preferably by means of a separator ore conducted away from intermediate space becomes separated into a portion of fine ore and a portion of coarse ore. Coarse ore has to be considered as ore having a particle size and/or particle weight exceeding a predefined threshold respectively fine ore has to be considered as ore having a particle size and/or particle weight falling below a predefined threshold. It is hereby preferred, that at least the rotation axis of the first body of rotation and/or the second body of rotation is essentially aligned in parallel to a rotation axis of the comminuting elements. Preferably only the coarse portion of the ore or only the fine portion of the ore is directed to the second comminuting means for further processing. The second portion not directed to the first and/or second comminuting means of the ore will be conducted to respectively directed to the floating means immediately.
Due to the clashing of the ore to be comminuted with the accelerating elements and the further micro-impact between the differently accelerated ore in the comminuting space in the first comminuting means the ore is pulverised, in particularly in an effective manner. Furthermore, ore respectively the at least partially processed, in particularly partially crushed, ore is conductible into the second comminuting means preferably immediately and automatically, whereby the employment of an operating person is preferably not required.
Furthermore, the already sufficiently crushed ore respectively the sufficiently crushed ore powder is conducted immediately to a floating means. Immediately hereby preferably means, that the sufficiently crushed ore is feeded respectively conducted to the floating means after conducting away from the outlet unit and passing the separating means without a further processing step. This means with respect to the methods known from the state of the art an enormous shortening of the processing respectively conditioning path, whereby in particular significant energy savings are caused.
With the device according to the invention the productivity of resources as well as conserving of resources can be enhanced. With this innovation in particular pre-crushing with crushers and mills becomes superfluous—in a very energy efficient and ecological manner. This innovative device is further beneficial, because it couples energy and resource efficiency and provides a totally new human-machine-cooperation fully without silicosis and noise-induced deafness.
Due to the present invention it is in particular possible that ore feeded straight from the mine is conducted via the feed funnel to the device according to the present invention and becomes comminuted in a closed circulation, wherein the fully comminuted ore can be immediately conducted by the separating means to a floating process for selecting the individual components of the ore respectively the metal.
Further beneficial embodiments of the inventive device and the inventive method result from the dependent claims and/or from the following specification.
According to a preferred embodiment it is advantageous if one or more accelerating elements, in particular protrusions, are respectively provided on both comminuting elements, there being a different relative speed between the accelerating elements of the one comminuting element and those of the other comminuting element because in this way pulverisation is improved and accelerated. In particular, the accelerating elements which are attached both to the one comminuting element and to the other comminuting element, provide a particularly effective micro-impact due to their different relative speeds, in particular when the accelerating elements of the one and of the other comminuting element are aligned to one another such that the ore elements to be comminuted are respectively accelerated by the accelerating elements of the one and of the other comminuting element in substantially opposite directions, in this way the striking of these ore elements accelerated in opposite directions having a particularly positive effect and leading to fast and effective pulverisation of the ore material.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the first comminuting means and the second comminuting means, however, can be coupled with several actuator means respectively actuated by several actuator means. The actuator means of the first comminuting means preferably has a power of essentially, exactly or lower than 100 kW, further preferred of essentially, exactly or lower than 50 kW and most preferably of essentially, exactly or lower than 35 kW. However, it is hereby also conceivable that the first comminuting means is actuated with a power higher than 100 kW. In terms of quantity of the milled rocks 55 t/h throughput of the inventive device (with 35 kW actuator) face a value of 16 to 18 t/h in case of ball mill. And for a ball mill with a capacity of 55 t/h an engine of about 750 kW is required—or even two, three ball mills side by side.
Noise measurement during operation shows in a defined embodiment of the present invention a value of 80 dB, whereas 130 dB are standard with respect to crusher. The device according to the present invention requires about one fourth less energy as a comparable ball mill.
The first comminuting means and the second comminuting means are alternatively actuatable at the same time, in particular by the same actuator engine. It is thus preferred, that the first comminuting means and the second comminuting means are coupled with a common actuator means by means of a force transmission means, like chains, gears and/or belts. The first comminuting means and the second comminuting means are particularly preferably at least temporarily simultaneously and most preferably always simultaneously actuatable. It is alternatively conceivable that one of the comminuting means, that means the first comminuting means or the second comminuting means, is always only actuatable in case the other comminuting means is inoperative respectively is in an out of operation state or in a paused state. The one or multiple actuator means are preferably embodied as combustion engine or hydraulic actuator or electric motor.
This embodiment is beneficial since the at least temporarily simultaneously operation of both comminuting means enables a very fast and efficient processing, in particular comminuting, of the ore.
Preferably the first and second comminuting means are arranged in a common housing. Particularly preferable are parts of the wall of the first comminuting means parts of the wall of the second comminuting means.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the outlet unit is a common outlet means of the first comminuting means and of the second comminuting means, through which the comminuted ore is immediately conducted to the separating means.
Therefore, the outlet unit is preferably formed coupling the first comminuting means and the second comminuting means and the ore comminuted by the first comminuting means is at least partially for further crushing, in particular by means of a feedback means, conductible into the sphere of the second comminuting means. Thus, the ore conducted from the first comminuting means into the second comminuting means is preferably conducted back to the outlet unit after processing in the second comminuting means and is conducted from there to the separating means respectively or out of the device.
The outlet unit preferably has multiple components. Preferably one component is an outlet opening, on which particular preferred an outlet funnel is arranged. The outlet funnel preferably serves for controlled output of ore out of an internal space of the device surrounded by a housing, wherein preferably in the internal space are the first and the second comminuting means arranged. This embodiment is beneficial, since e.g. comminuted ore already having the desired particle size after passing the first comminuting means is directly conductible out of the device via the separating means whereas those particles which are e.g. to large respectively not jet crushed are conductible to the second comminuting means by means of the separating means. The separating means is preferably embodied as cyclone, that means comminuted ore is preferably at least partially led on a spiral path, in particular by means of centrifugal forces.
The feedback respectively forwarding of comminuted ore by means of the second comminuting means into the sphere of the outlet unit for conducting to the separating means is beneficial, since the entire comminuted ore can thus be removed via a common outlet unit.
However, it is alternatively conceivable that an outlet units for outletting the comminuted ore out of the device is provided in the sphere of each comminuting means, wherein the outlet unit preferably flows into a common outlet unit, which conducts the comminuted ore to the separating means.
The size and the design of the device according to the present invention are preferably modular adjustable. Measurements of the grain size carried out by Fotec in Vienna document a mill quality of up to 300 μm, in particular of up to 100 μm, diameter after a few seconds of operation—of the first comminuting means—which can be refined with an additional aggregate—the second comminuting means—even essentially on or below 50 μm and preferably essentially on or below 30 μm and further preferred essentially on or below 10 μm. Wet and/or try: both processes work without problems with the Micro Impact Mill. The degree of milling further refines by adding water. However, regarding the cost efficiency of this mill this comminuting machine can substitute the classic chain of crushers and ball mills. With a shortening of the process in such a manner the logistics is significantly simplified. According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the second comminuting means comprises at least one rotation element, which is preferably arranged in such a manner that its rotation axis is essentially orientated parallel to and/or congruent with the rotation axis of a comminuting element.
Because of the parallel alignment of one rotation element of the second comminuting means with respect to the rotation axis of one comminuting element a very small installation space can be achieved, whereby the overall surface usage, in particular in a multi-stage ore processing, is extremely small.
This is inparticularly beneficial, since by means of the first comminuting devices in contrast to known devices the pulverisation is caused over a short time and in a comminuting space with overall small dimensions, and this leads to the device according to the invention only having small dimensions. Thus, the dimensions and in particular the wall thicknesses of the rotating and optionally also fixed comminuting elements are very small designable, accordingly also only a small amount of wear occurring and high efficiency being achieved. Consequently, the energy input both during production and during operation of the device according to the invention is likewise low, by means of which the production costs of the device according to the invention and the operating costs in relation to known devices are also particularly advantageous. Due to this type of pulverisation it is in particular not necessary to use additional loose grinding elements, such as for example steel balls which are known from ball mills with corresponding iron or steel balls.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the second comminuting means has multiple rotation elements. Preferably a first rotation element is formed as rotation ring body and a second rotation element is preferably formed as body of rotation for introduction of compression forces and/or shear forces into the ore. It is further conceivable that the second comminuting means comprises a plurality of rotation elements, in particular at least, at most or exactly 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 rotation elements, wherein one of the rotation elements, in particular exactly one of the rotation elements, is formed as rotation ring body. Thus, a rotatable arranged rotation ring body is preferably provided and within the rotation ring body at least one rotatable rotation body is provided. However, the second comminuting means particular preferably comprises three rotation elements, wherein two rotation elements are formed as drum-like mill bodies and one rotation element is formed as a rotation ring body surrounding those two rotation bodies in circumferential direction. This embodiment is beneficial, since due to multiple, in particular three, rotatably interacting rotation elements the wedge effect for applying pressure and/or shear forces on the ore to be comminuted is causable respectively occurs on multiple working-surface-areas of one rotation element, whereby a very high throughput is generatable respectively the device is very small implementable.
Hence, according to a further preferable embodiment the second comminuting means has two rotation bodies, wherein the first rotation body and the second rotation body are formed as two drum-like mill bodies essentially aligned in parallel and are enclosed in such a manner by the rotation ring body, that a actuated rotation of the rotation ring body causes a rotation of the rotation body to comminute ore arranged between the rotation ring body and those rotation bodies.
This embodiment is beneficial, since due to the interaction of the rotation bodies and the rotation ring body ore is exposed to a load, which acts as milling and thus causes a further crushing respectively a further comminuting of the ore. The milling drums are preferably arranged pivotable or slideable, wherein a pivot or slide movement is particular preferably adjustable, restrictable and/or preloadable.
The outer surface of the drum-like mill bodies are according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention beginning with an essentially axial center to its axial ends conically tapered formed. This embodiment is beneficial, since the speed of the process of comminuting is significantly better due to the design, in particular due to the utilization of the wedge-like compression of ore. However, it is also conceivable that the surfaces of the mill bodies are formed cylindrically or essentially cylindrically or spherically, in particular in shape of an evolvent. This embodiment is further beneficial since it causes a removal of ore out of the second comminuting means.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the rotation ring body is rotatable mounted by means of two additional shafts, in particular by means of three additional shafts, wherein at least one of that additional shafts is actuated, in particular two additional shafts are actuated.
This embodiment is beneficial since in particular due to three additional shafts an optimal mounting of the rotation body is provideable.
This embodiment is in particular beneficial since due to the actuation of multiple shafts a high actuation force is transmittable to the ring element and thus also high compression and/or shear forces are conductible into the ore to be comminuted. It is further conceivable that rotation bodies formed as drum-like mill bodies are also coupled by means of a force transmission means, like e.g. a chain, a belt, gears and/or a shaft, with one engine or multiple engines for actuating the rotation ring body or a further engine and hence are actuatable. Alternatively it is also conceivable that the rotation bodies formed as mill bodies are not actively but rather only passively actuated, that means moving in consequence of a rotation of the rotation ring element. Alternatively it is further conceivable that each of the ring elements formed as mill bodies is actuatable via an respective actuator or via a common actuator, in particular in dependency of a rotation of the rotation element, in dependency of a speed of the process of the first comminuting means or independent of the rotation of the ring element.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the first comminuting means is actuatable by means of a main actuator and the second comminuting means is actuatable by means of an additional actuator, wherein the additional actuator is coupled with at least one additional shaft and wherein the main actuator and the additional actuator are arranged at one side of the housing, which lays opposite to the side of the housing on which the ore feeding unit is arranged.
This embodiment is beneficial since the device is very compact and producible with low costs due to this arrangement. The ore to be comminuted is feeded to the housing of the device on one side and on the other side of the housing happens the introduction of actuation energy into the first and second comminuting means. Further, the device according to the invention can preferably be operated continuously due to the arrangement, since the power train respectively the power trains is/are not affected by the ore feeding.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention a control means for simultaneous control of the actuators of the first comminuting means and the second comminuting means is provided.
This embodiment is beneficial since it allows any adaptation of the comminution with respect to e.g. the ore composition respectively the structure of the resource. Because it is hereby conceivable that the speed of the process of the first and the second comminuting means can be selected differently. The first comminuting means is preferably operated faster as the second comminuting means, wherein it is also conceivable that the second comminuting means is operated faster as the first comminuting means. Both comminuting means are particular preferably operated at the same speed. The speed of operation of the first comminuting means is preferably determined by means of the speed of the rotating comminuting element and the speed of operation of the second comminuting means is preferably determined by means of the speed of rotation of the rotation ring body.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the housing of the device is lockable by a housing cover in the direction of extension of the rotation axis of one comminuting element, wherein the housing cover is movable by means of a hydraulic means preferably respectively at least essentially in the direction of extension of the rotation axis, to transfer the housing from a open configuration into a closed configuration or from a closed configuration into an open configuration, wherein the ore feeding unit is particular preferable arranged at the housing cover.
This embodiment is beneficial since the housing of the device according to the invention can be easily opened without affecting the drive train, whereby cleaning and/or controlling and/or servicing operations can be carried out in a safe and fast manner.
Furthermore, the first rotation body and/or the second rotation body are formed as two essentially in parallel aligned drum-like mill bodies according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, it is conceivable that multiple rotation bodies, in particular also a third and/or a forth rotation body, are provided, which preferably can be also formed as drum-like mill bodies. The mill bodies can be formed sectionally hollow or massive. The mill bodies preferably consist at least partially and particular preferable fully of metal, synthetic material, mineral material and/or a composite material. This embodiment is beneficial, since due to the drum-like formation of the rotation bodies a wedge effect results, due to which larger clumps of ore respectively particles of ore as well as smaller clumps of ore respectively particles of ore are processable respectively crushable by means of the second comminuting means.
Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if the two comminuting elements of the first comminuting means are composed of a stationary fixed element and a rotating turning element, the fixed element having substantially in its centre a feed opening for feeding the ore to be comminuted, and the two comminuting elements being accommodated in a housing which comprises a outlet unit, in particular in the form of an outlet funnel. Since in the device according to the invention the delivered ore can be pulverised without any pre-comminuting, the device according to the invention makes it possible for the dust that develops during pulverisation of the ore to not penetrate to the outside respectively at least essentially takes place inside the housing of the device.
A further advantage is that the turning element can be set in rotation, at least relative to the fixed element, by means of a motor, the comminuting space being formed between the fixed element and the turning element by corresponding recesses, which act as accelerating elements, being provided in at least the turning element and/or the fixed element so that the ore is pulverised by the relative movement between the fixed element and the turning element. The recesses in the end face of the comminuting elements constitute a particularly simple design in order to accelerate the ore to be comminuted. The recesses can also form corresponding protrusions here, in particular both with the recesses and with the protrusions an angular region which is formed between the outer end face of the comminuting elements and the recesses being especially advantageous because this angular region can be set at an incline such that the rotation of the comminuting element provides an effective transfer of force to the ore to be accelerated.
According to a preferred embodiment the comminuting space between the fixed element and the turning element is formed substantially conically tapering outwards from the axis of rotation of the turning element.
In order to vary the rotation of the turning element, the rotation of the turning element can be varied by a gearing mechanism or an adjustable belt drive so that the motor can be respectively driven with optimised operating parameters.
If the turning element has a ramp region with a rising incline as part of the comminuting space by means of which the ore and/or in particular the slag to be comminuted is accelerated and comminuted, in addition to the protrusions and recesses advantageous comminution of the ore and/or the slag can additionally take place by means of the cross-section of the ramp region which differs with the rotation of the turning element. It is particularly advantageous if the ramp region is provided after the feed opening of the fixed element and before the protrusions and/or recesses of the two comminuting elements in the direction of conveyance of the ore and/or the slag in order to provide pre-comminuting prior to pulverisation by means of the protrusions and/or recesses.
According to a preferred embodiment the intermediate space between the two comminuting elements can be adjusted in the axial direction of the rotation by a variable distance between the two comminuting elements, the intermediate space comprising in particular star-shaped outlet notches leading away from the axis of rotation of the turning element in the turning element or the fixed element. By means of the variable setting of the distance between the two comminuting elements the pulverisation and so the average grain size of the pulverised ore can be varied, i.e. with a larger distance between the two comminuting elements the pulverised ore has a larger average grain size and with a smaller distance between the two comminuting elements the average grain size of the pulverised ore is smaller. Thus, the result of the pulverisation can be predetermined arbitrarily by the operating staff as appropriate.
Furthermore, it is advantageous if there is likewise provided on the fixed element a ramp region which co-operates with the ramp region of the turning element in such a way that the ore to be comminuted is accelerated and comminuted by the inclines of both ramp regions. In particular, these ramp regions in the form of a worm can extend over a radial region on the end face of the two comminuting elements so that immediately after feeding the ore to be comminuted the latter together provide a size reduction of the ore and accelerate the latter.
It is thus advantageous according to the method and the device according to the invention that water is fed through a water inlet into the comminuting space respectively into a first and/or second comminuting means and conveyed away together with the pulverised ore through the outlet unit. The use of water for pulverisation of the ore can promote the pulverisation process, the supply of water not necessarily being required. On the other hand, the supply of water reduces the development of dust which can have considerable consequences with regard to the health of the operating staff.
In conventional comminuting devices according to the prior art in which the ore must be pre-comminuted for further processing, for example in upstream comminution machinery such as for example rollers rotating in relation to one another, heavy dust develops such that the operating staff often suffers from silicosis. In contrast to the procedure according to the prior art, it is made possible by the device according to the invention and by the method according to the invention to pulverise ore, the ore being fed directly to the device according to the invention, and the development of dust from the dug up ore being avoided by using water. The operating staff is thus protected from silicosis because comminution of the dug up ore is not required with the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention.
In particular, it is possible by means of the device according to the invention for ore dug up in a mine to be processed directly without pre-comminution, the dug up ore being pulverised in one process. Consequently, pre-comminution units and then one or more ball mills according to the prior art are not required, and so by means of the device according to the invention a number of devices or treatment processes applied one after the other can be cut down on.
According to a preferred embodiment the first and/or the second comminuting means has a water inlet into the comminution chamber through which a predetermined amount of water is fed to the ore to be comminuted. The addition of water to the device according to the invention makes it possible to prevent the development of dust in the process for excavating pulverised ore.
Previous crushing facilities consisting of multiple crushers and ball mills are significantly inferior with respect to quantitative and qualitative output compared to the mill according to the invention. In terms of process effort a difference is documentated: up to 80% more energy efficiency and quantum jumps for a better working environment in mining underline the innovation in ore crushing, which does not ignore aspects of environment protection and conserving resources.
In the working environment of the Micro Impact Mill humans benefit: Noise and in particular dust pollution in the direct periphery of the machine do almost not occur any more. A fact due to which worldwide mining appears climate friendly, healthier and resource-efficient. The Micro Impact Mill discloses benefits in mechanical engineering, which potentials for mining can only be estimated. Basically this novel mill is a revolutionary improvement of the ball mill—but without balls. No balls no wear. In comparison thereto the Micro Impact Mill appears essentially lighter, simpler and more efficient. Due to this it provokes an usage with respect to sustainable mining.
Furthermore, the subject-matter of a further patent application filed by the same applicant at the same day by the same patent office, which also refers to a device and a method for ore comminuting is fully incorporated into the subject-matter of the present patent application by reference.
Individual or all representations of figures described in the following are preferably considered as constructional drawings, that means that the dimensions, proportions, functional contexts and/or arrangements correspond preferably exactly or preferably essentially to those of the device according to the invention respectively the products according to the invention.
Further benefits, goals and features of the present invention will be described by the following specification of the attached figures, in which exemplarily devices for crushing ore according to the invention are illustrated. Components of the device according to the inventions, which match at least essentially with respect to their function can be marked with the same reference sign, wherein such components do not have to be marked or described in all figures.
In the following the invention is just exemplarily described with respect to the attached figures.
In the following the invention will be described, purely by way of an example, by means of the attached figures.
According to
As can be gathered in particular from
A control flap 15 can be provided on the housing 3 in order to provide, if so required, access to the interior of the housing. However, this is not necessary for the function of the device according to the invention. As can be gathered in particular from
One can see in particular from
Observing in detail the path of the material respectively rocks in the device according to the invention, thus primarily material respectively the stones get into the devices via a feed funnel. Via outlet opening in the centre of the fixed disc jaw respectively the fixed comminuting element 40 material enters the intermediate space, wherein the actuated disc jaw respectively the comminuting element 30 causes the acceleration of material respectively stoneware. Into the geometry of the disc jaws 30, 40 carrier elements are preferably integrated, which transfer the carried ore stones in a radial speed. With the gathered acceleration energy are the stones colliding with each other and that causes highly efficient comminuting of mill material.
This Micro Impact is based on accelerated material by means of a relative movement of the comminuting elements 30, 40 respectively the jaws and due to the narrowness of the intermediate space comminuting takes place in very fast time intervals. The carrying elements on the disc jaws 30, 40 ensure high speeds in radial direction as well as in axial direction, thus that as a result the generated powder is pressed outwards of the intermediate space and gets as powder via outlet funnel 14 for further processing out of the device 290. The degree of comminution—respectively the grain size—in particular defines the distance of both disc jaws respectively of both comminuting elements 30, 40. The smaller the distance the finer the grain size. The work process further decreases by adding water into the mill. Therefore, the operating staff has multiple parameters for adjustment for the required grain size—and this without any dust exposure.
The device according to the invention of
Further,
During a comminution of ore in the first comminuting means 300 an initial pressure application on the ore clumps yet only a little or not comminuted takes place. The pressure application is caused by a ramp region 31, which is designed volutely and formed at one or both comminuting elements 30, 40. Due to the voluted design a feeding effect is caused by a rotation of a comminuting element 30, due to which ore between the comminuting elements 30, 40, in particular between the ramp region 31 of a comminuting element 30 and a corresponding region 42 of the other comminuting element 40, is compressed respectively applied to increasing pressure. Pressure applied to ore clumps normally causes that the ore clumps are falling apart in very small pieces and therefore succumb to the pressure. In presence of ore clumps which do not succumb the generated pressure threatens to further increase, whereby the workload on the device components, in particular comminuting elements 30, 40, shaft 21, bearings 506, 508, etc. also strongly increases and can even reach a level, from which damage of single or multiple of said components is possible. Due to the inventive utilization of a spring means 504 overloading of the components in the range of the first comminuting means 300 can be prevented. There is to say, the spring means 504 deflects in case the workload is to high respectively surpasses a specific, in particular adjusted, level. Because of the deflection of spring means 504 a sliding of a comminuting element 30 results, whereby the comminuting elements 30, 40 are spaced apart from each other. After respectively during a pressure decrease between comminuting elements 30, 40 the deflected spring means 504 causes a return of the comminuting element 30 in the starting position. Due to the sliding of the comminuting element 30 a slit between the comminuting elements 30, 40 is increased, whereby larger ore particles respectively ore clumps can escape from the first comminuting means 300. All ore particles respectively ore clumps escaping from the first comminuting means 300 are fed to a separating means 413, by means of which a separation of the already sufficient comminuted particles and the not yet sufficient comminuted particles respectively ore clumps are caused. The ore particles respectively ore clumps not yet sufficiently comminuted are again fed to the first comminuting means 300 or to a second comminuting means 301.
Further, it is also conceivable that ore particles respectively ore clumps can occur in the region of comminuting protrusions 35, 45 and do not fragment in consequence of the applied pressure. Since the comminuting protrusions 35, 45 of comminuting elements 30, 40 are radially spaced apart from the centre ore particles respectively ore clumps in this region cause the generation of high momentums, which can cause damaging of the first comminuting means 300, in particular of one or both comminuting elements 30, 40, shaft 21, etc. The inventive arrangement of a spring means 504 enables preferably also in that case, that a deflection of a comminuting means 30, 40, in particular a comminuting element 30, which is coupled with shaft 21, takes place.
The inventive manner of comminuting only requires a short time due to the small floor requirements of the comminuting space, wherein the comminuted ore is fed to the outside through the intermediate space 60 between the comminuting elements 30, 40 during a rotation of the rotation element and away from both comminuting elements 30, 40, as it is e.g. illustrated by comminuted ore 55 in
The pulverisation is described in more detail, in particular with regard to
Optionally, the fixed element 30 has corresponding recesses 46 between the protrusions 45 of the fixed element 30. After the ore has been pulverised between the fixed element 40 and the turning element 30, in particular by the acceleration by means of the protrusions 35, the ramp region 31 and the protrusions 45 of the fixed element due to the rotation, the pulverised ore 45 passes into the intermediate space 60 between the two comminuting elements 30, 40.
As already described, the intermediate space 60 is formed by the variable distance between the two comminuting elements 30, 40, in addition to the variable distance star-shaped outlet notches 61 leading away from the axis of rotation of the turning element 30 also possibly being provided in the turning element 30. Similarly, outlet notches 62 are provided equal distances apart in the fixed element 40. As shown diagrammatically with regard to the turning element 30 in
According to a further embodiment the fixed element 30 or the turning element 40 or both comminuting elements can be separated from one another hydraulically in the axial direction for repair and fitting work. Alternatively, the comminuting elements can be moved apart from one another out of the operating position by means of a pivot movement of one of the two comminuting elements. In this way the accelerating elements 35, for example, or other elements of the first comminuting means subjected to high mechanical stress can be worked on or replaced. Furthermore, this makes it possible for elements subjected to high mechanical stress within the first comminuting means or for example the accelerating elements of protrusions 35 to be able to be made of different materials and to be exchanged as required. In this way wearing parts within the comminuting space, such as for example the protrusions, can also be further adapted to different ores.
With regard to
In the form illustrated the fixed element 41 shown in
The embodiment of a comminuting element shown in
According to
Alternatively to the comminuting elements according to
In
According to the invention a method for comminuting ore and/or in particular slag is thus provided, the ore feed unit 1 being provided for feeding ore 50 to be comminuted to a first comminuting means. The first comminuting means is composed of at least two comminuting elements 30, 40 that can be moved relative to each other, which elements form a comminuting space for the ore to be comminuted with each other such that by a relative moment in the form of a rotation of at least one of the two comminuting elements 30, 40 the ore to be comminuted is pulverised in that one or more accelerating elements, in particular protrusions, are provided on at least one of the comminuting elements 30, 40, said accelerating elements being arranged in particular on the end face of one of the two comminuting elements 30, 40, and accelerating and comminuting the ore to be comminuted by the rotation of one of the two comminuting elements 30, 40. Between the two comminuting elements 30, 40 and/or in at least one of the two comminuting elements an intermediate space 60 is provided through which during the rotation the pulverised ore is conveyed away outwards from the centre of the rotation or from the axis of rotation of the turning element and from the two comminuting elements 30, 40. The ore pulverised in this way between the two comminuting elements is discharged outwards through a outlet unit which is at least functionally connected to the intermediate space 60.
Purely optionally, during the comminuting process water can also be fed into the comminuting chamber through a water inlet (not shown) or by feeding water through the ore feed unit. The water thus forms together with the ore during and after pulverisation a sludge-like compound, the water being conveyed away through the outlet unit together with the pulverised ore.
As already explained with regard to
For the person skilled in the art it is quite obvious that the number of protrusions on the two comminuting elements can respectively be equal, it also being possible, however, to provide a different number of accelerating elements on the two comminuting elements.
According to one embodiment (not shown), the two comminuting elements can rotate in opposite directions in order to increase the relative movement between the two comminuting elements. However, this leads to greater structural complexity, and is only to be implemented in special cases.
In particular, the shape of the comminuting chamber which is formed by the two comminuting elements can be of different designs, different types of accelerating element being able to be arranged in plate-shaped or wedge-shaped or some similar form by means of which the ore to be comminuted is accelerated and so pulverised between the two comminuting elements.
According to one embodiment (not shown), in addition to the comminuting between the two comminuting elements, a further comminuting chamber can also be provided which is provided independently of the two comminuting elements, but is however integrated into the device according to the invention.
A device according to the invention and a method according to the invention for comminuting ore and/or in particular slag are thus described which comprise an ore feed unit for feeding ore to be comminuted to a first comminuting means, the first comminuting means being composed of at least two comminuting elements that can be moved relative to each other, which elements form at least one comminuting space for the ore to be comminuted with each other such that, by a relative movement in the form of a rotation of at least one of the two comminuting elements the ore to be comminuted is pulverised in that one or more accelerating elements, in particular protrusions, are provided on at least one of the comminuting elements, said accelerating elements being arranged in particular on the end face of at least one of the two comminuting elements and accelerating and comminuting the ore to be comminuted by the rotation of one of the two comminuting elements, and there being provided between the two comminuting elements and/or in at least one of the two comminuting elements an intermediate space through which during the rotation the pulverised ore can be conveyed away outwards from the centre of the rotation and from the two comminuting elements, and an outlet unit, in particular a outlet unit, being provided which is connected to the housing of the device through which the pulverised ore is discharged.
An exploded view of the device 290 according to the invention is depicted in
Reference number 340 preferably characterizes a hydraulic means (cf.
The second comminuting means 301 is preferably formed laterally beside the first comminuting means 300. The first comminuting means 300 and the second comminuting means 301 are arranged on the same frame element 305. A wall of housing 306 of housing 3 is preferably on a first site coupled with the first comminuting means 300 and on another side with the second comminuting means 301. The wall of the housing 306 preferably comprises multiple fixing locations 354, 381 for arranging, receiving and/or fixing of a first means 302 for fixing and/or mounting of a preferably as mill ring 344 formed rotation body, a second means 303 for fixing and/or mounting of the mill ring 344 and a third means 304 for fixing and/or mounting of the mill ring 344. Mill ring 344 is due to movement means 302, 303 and 304 preferably movable mounted and actuatable. Further, mill ring 344 surrounds in radial direction preferably at least one further rotation body 345 and particular preferably at least or exactly two rotation bodies 345, 380, which are particular preferably formed as drum-like bodies. Further, in the wall of the housing 306 preferably an opening 382 is formed. The first opening 382 particular preferably serves for putting through the shaft, which is provided for actuating comminuting element 30.
The first means 302 and the second means 303 are preferably formed identical and in vertical direction preferably arranged underneath a centre of the mill ring 344. Means 302, 303 can also be considered as axes or movable shafts 371,313. Each one of the first means 302 and the second means 303 preferably comprises an element for the application of force, in particular a drive wheel 367. The actuating elements 367 are preferably mechanically coupled with each other and therefore at the same time respectively synchronous movable respectively actuatable. In axial direction are preferably joined to the drive wheel 367 a disc element 364, a fixing body 366, a fence element 36, bearings and/or one or multiple receiving bushs, by means of which the axes respectively shafts 371, 313 are preferably directable into a functional connection.
A drive wheel 367 of a means 302, 303 is preferably immediately or mediatly connected with a further actuating element 368, in particular a gear for transferring actuation forces. Gear 368 is preferably connected via an endless element 369, in particular a chain or a belt, with a further actuating element, in particular a further gear 368, which is preferably directly arranged at an actuating means, in particular a motor 370. However, it is also conceivable, that motor 370 directly interacts with one of the drive wheels 367 respectively is arranged thereon.
The third means for fixing and/or transmission of force 304, which is preferably considerable as upper axis respectively shaft 357, is preferably arranged above the centre of mill ring 233 and particular preferable arranged in vertical direction exactly above the centre of mill ring 344. The third means 304 preferably has a disc element 365, a fixing body 363, an inner cover element 362, a bolt nut 360, a washer 359, bearings 358 and/or one or more receiving bushs 355 by means of which the axis respectively shaft 367 is preferably directable into a functional connection with mill ring 344.
The first means 302, the second means 303 and/or the third means 304 are preferably essentially or exactly aligned in parallel with respect to each other, wherein preferably at least one of those means 302, 303, 304 is also essentially or exactly aligned in parallel to the rotation axis of a comminuting element.
Further due to reference number 307 a forth means for fixing and/or transmitting of forces is characterized. The forth means 307 preferably serves for alignment respectively holding of the rotation body 345, 380 with respect to mill ring 344. However, it is also conceivable that the forth means 307 comprises an actuation means for active actuation of one respectively the rotation bodies 345, 380 respectively is coupled with such an actuating means. The forth means 307 preferably can be considered as axis or shaft 351 and preferably comprises an outer cover element 354, a fixing means 366, an inner cover element 352, a spacing element 348 for receiving and/or spacing the axes 347, bearing cover elements 348, axes 347 and/or roller bearings 346. The rotation bodies 345, 380 are therefore rotatable mounted by bearings 346.
Reference number 348 preferably characterizes a bearing cover, which preferably covers at least sectionally radially the drum body of mill drum 380 and the bearing, which preferably consists of preferably at least or exactly two roller bearing 346 (cf.
The rotation axes of both mill drums 344, 380 are preferably arranged spaced apart by means of a spacing element 349. The spacing element 349 is preferably formed as strut shaped, in particular plate shaped, receiving element, in particular out of metal. Beside the mill drums 345, 380 a fixing body 366 is preferably also arranged at the spacing element 349 respectively coupled with the spacing element 349. Hereby the fixing body 366 can be provided for one-sided attachment of mill drum units 345, 380, 348, 349 at a housing part (not shown), in particular a further wall of the housing. However, it is also conceivable that fixing body 366 is formed as actuating unit 366 and serves for active actuating of mill drums 344, 380.
The first means for fixing and force transmission 302 and the second means for fixing and force transmission 303 have gears 367, which are connected with each other by means of a chain 360. It is further obvious, that the second means for fixing and force transmission 303 is also equipped with a round disc-like force transmission plate 368, which is radial formed for receiving a belt 372, by means of which the second means for fixing and force transmission 302 is coupled with a further round force transmission plate 368, which again is connected with an actuating means 370, in particular a motor for operating the second comminuting means 301.
A cross-sectional view through the ore comminuting device 290 according to the invention is shown in
It is further conceivable, that mill drums 345, 380 or one of those mill drums 345, 380 is spring loaded respectively is pressed against the mill ring respectively is pretensioned.
A ore comminuting device 290 according the invention is shown in
The sufficiently comminuted, in particular pulverized, material parts are discharged from the ore comminuting device according to the arrow characterized by reference sign T3 and particular preferable immediately fed to a floating means.
It is gatherable from this illustration that at least two shafts 357, 371 are provided. Shafts 357, 371 serve for actuation of the elements for guiding and/or actuating 355. The individual shafts 357, 371 are preferably connected with actuating means 304. Further a third shaft (cf.
Further, mill drums 345, 380 are illustrated, which are surrounded in circumferential direction by the mill ring.
Further, reference number 504 characterizes a spring means, which can be e.g. formed as mechanical pressure spring respectively coil spring, gas spring or as hydraulic spring. The spring means 504 causes that a force of several tons is axially applied to shaft 21 and therewith the comminuting element 30. This means that an axial sliding of shaft 21 in X-direction happens only then, if e.g. as a result of a material jam forces are generated between comminuting elements 30, 40, which are directed into X-direction and exceed the spring force. The spring means 504 therefore causes in beneficial manner, that shaft 21 and comminuting elements 30, 40 are in X-direction only subjected to a predefined respectively adjusted maximum force, whereby those elements are protected against damage. The sliding path 51 of shaft 21 due to a displacement of spring means 504 preferably is in the range of a few respectively several millimetres up to a few respectively several centimeters.
Further is conceivable that the spring force is adjustable respectively predefinable in such a manner, that defined ore particle sizes are generatable.
The smaller the spring force, the larger are the resulting sizes of the ore particles.
The spring force is preferably stepless respectively continuously or in steps adjustable.
Reference numbers 506 and 508 characterize roller bearings, by means of which shaft 21 is preferably mounted. Roller bearings 506 are preferably formed as ball bearings and roller bearings 508 are preferably formed as cone bearings or needle bearings.
A transportation means 386 is shown in
In
In
Further, the actuating means respectively the motors are characterized by reference numbers 450, 452, by means of which rotation ring body 344 (cf.
Device 290 is illustrated in
The feeding funnel 1 and the comminuting element 40 are preferably arranged at housing cover 420. By means of feeding funnel 1 the ore to be feeded is preferably funnelable through housing cover 420 and through comminuting element 40 into the closed housing 3 (cf.
Further the illustration of
Hydraulic means 432 can serve additionally or alternatively as spring means for variable mounting of comminuting element 40.
The device according to the invention has prodecural benefits in dry and/or wet processing. In this context a process independence from water is important. The device according to the invention works dry as well as wett—a benefit, which the process chain of crushers and mills has to differentiate according to the function. Further crushes the Micro Impact Mill also slag or a mixture of slag and ore material, which overcharges the crushing technique of classic facilities due to the hardness of the material.
It is further beneficial, that this device can process rocks and/or slag. Even bricks of furnaces do not affect it. In view of the scope of performance the device according to the invention can even replace the overall process chain consisting of crushers and ball mills. Rocks preferably with up to 80 cm, further preferably with up to 50 cm and particular preferably with up to 40 cm are directly processed suitable for flotation in one process step. This is faced with multiple crushing stages with crushers until the ball mills are in charge.
Due to the micro impact in particular only small wear takes place in the device according to the invention, that means due to the repetitive collision of ore differently accelerated, whereby the mechanical elements are only subjected to small load, wherein also no further loose milling elements or iron balls have to be used.
Furthermore, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention enables that slag itself or together with ore material can be comminuted and pulverized, since due to the small dimensions of the comminuting space as well as the relative small dimensioned comminuting elements with a respective rotation high forces are applied on the ore material to be comminuted respectively the slag to be comminuted and thus an effective comminuting takes place. Due to the rotation, which comprises because of the dimensions 100 up to more or less 2000 revolutions per minute of a comminuting element, also slag can be pulverized in an effective manner, which is very brittle and comprises a hard structure.
With the device according to the invention the productivity of resources as well as the conserving of resources can be enhanced. With this innovation there is no need for pre-crushing with crushers and mills—in a very energy efficiency and ecological manner. This innovative device is further beneficial, because it connects energy and resource efficiency and simultaneously provides a totally new human-machine-cooperation completely without silicosis and noise-induced deafness.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2013 005 931.3 | Apr 2013 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/056904 | 4/7/2014 | WO | 00 |
