The present invention relates to device and method for assisting a person in regaining his or hers balance, while walking or standing. The invention is particularly useful for old people, disabled people, and any other group of people with gait and standing difficulties.
People may lose their balance for many reasons. Some may trip over an obstacle, lose their balance and fall. Others may lose their balance sensation, so that they can no longer stand or walk safely. Old people, in particular, may be slow in responding to changes in their balance; consequently they may have difficulties in regaining balance, when encountering sudden weight shifts (forward, backwards or sideways). By the time they react and try to move a foot, to regain balance, the fall process has already progressed beyond prevention. Some old people use a walking cane or a four-legged support device that provides them with a stabilizing moment to support any sway of their body weight. Such supporting devices are cumbersome, heavy to carry, and some are reluctant to use them because they view these devices as degrading.
Typically, a person is said to be in balance, when his center of mass is positioned over his support area.
The support area of each foot is the contact area of that foot with the surface below, and if a person is standing with one foot up (in a stationary position) his center of mass would have to be over the support area of the foot which is in contact with the ground. If a person is standing stationary, then his center of mass lies within the combined support area of his both feet, which is the area physically covered by the feet and the area between them.
When a person walks, his center of mass (together with his inertial momentum) shifts in position between both his feet. This is a dynamic state that evolves during the gait of the person (see
The present invention addresses situations of loss of balance, both in static cases (when a person is stationary) and dynamic cases (when a person is walking).
The problem of falling is related to the mechanism in which a standing person maintains his balance. The sensory elements of the brain interpret, any shift of the body's center of weight, relative to both feet, by sensing the distribution of weight of the body over the support area of the feet. A shift of body weight forward or backward can be detected by sensing the weight distribution between the front and back areas of the foot. A shift of body weight sideways can be detected by sensing the weight distribution between the two legs.
In a standing position, when the body feels any imbalance toward the back it tries to counter it by moving more weight support to the heels. This creates a forward torque that returns the center of body weight forward, above the feet. When the body feels imbalance toward the front, it gives more support to the front of the foot, pushing the body center to the back. When the body experiences weight imbalance to one of the sides it shifts more support to that side. If a person is too slow to respond the center of weight may move over the heels, toes or over one of his legs, and balance may be regained only by displacing the foot and executing a step. For older people who may be weak and slow to response, the foot movement may come too late, thus a fall may be inevitable.
A main object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for assisting the user in regaining balance, by moving his foot in the desired direction, such that the center of body weight is returned over the support area
Automatic servo walking tools have been demonstrated before. They are based on the mechanism of walking by shifting the legs position in steps. They have never become practical in use because of the large electric motors necessary to assist the human body walking mechanism, and the lack of low weight power source in the form of electric batteries. Another aim of the present invention, is to facilitate a shift of the body weight with a burst of power that is needed only for intermittent periods, thus assisting the user in regaining his balance. Using only power bursts for regaining balance enables the device to be based on a simple low cost battery to power a motor.
There is thus provided, in accordance with some preferred embodiments of the present invention, a device for assisting a user in regaining his balance, the device comprising:
at least one sensor for sensing changes in weight distribution on any of the feet of the user;
at least one propulsion unit to be coupled to any of the feet of the user for displacing a foot of the user when a change in the weight distribution on that foot reaches a predetermined condition;
a controller for receiving signals from said at least one sensor indicative of the predetermined condition and activating the propulsion unit,
whereby, when the predetermined condition is determined the propulsion unit displaces a foot of the user mechanically in a direction that results in the repositioning of the support area of the user beneath the center of mass of the user, thus allowing the user to regain balance.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the propulsion unit comprises a motor coupled to a revolving element.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the revolving element comprises at least one wheel.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the revolving element is a belt.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the propulsion unit is provided with a surface of enhanced friction.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the propulsion unit is powered by at least one battery.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, said at least one sensor is selected from the group consisting of: weight activated mechanical switches, strain gauges, piezoelectric sensors, electronic sensors.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the device is incorporated in at least one shoe
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the device is integrated in at least one shoe.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the device is further provided with a communication unit for communicating information to or from an external unit.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the device also includes a receiver for receiving information from a communication unit associated with other foot of the user.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the propulsion unit provides propulsion for displacing the foot of the user along one axis.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the propulsion unit provides propulsion for displacing the foot of the user along more than one axis.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for assisting a user in regaining his balance, the method comprising:
providing at least one sensor for sensing changes in weight distribution on any of the feet of the user;
providing at least one propulsion unit to be coupled to any of the feet of the user for displacing a foot of the user when a change in the weight distribution on that foot reaches a predetermined condition;
providing a controller for receiving signals from said at least one sensor indicative of the predetermined condition and activating the propulsion unit,
sensing changes in weight distribution on any of the feet of the user and
displacing a foot of the user mechanically using the propulsion unit, when a change in the weight distribution on that foot reaches a predetermined condition, in a direction that results in the repositioning of the support area of the user beneath the center of mass of the user, thus allowing the user to regain balance.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the foot is moved along one axis.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the foot is moved along more than one axis.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method further comprises providing communication unit for communicating information to or from an external unit.
Furthermore, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, information is communicated the communication unit and a communication unit associated with other foot of the user.
In order to better understand the present invention, and appreciate its practical applications, the following Figures are provided and referenced hereafter. It should be noted that the Figures are given as examples only and in no way limit the scope of the invention. Like components are denoted by like reference numerals.
a is a schematic illustration of a propulsion unit of a device for regaining balance, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
b is a schematic illustration of another design for a propulsion unit for a device for regaining balance, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
a illustrates a side view of a device for regaining balance, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, incorporated in the heel section of a sole of a shoe.
b illustrates a side view of another preferred embodiment of a device for regaining balance, incorporated in the heel section of a shoe, with a pair of wheels.
c illustrates a side view of another preferred embodiment of a device for regaining balance, incorporated in the heel section of a shoe, with a rotating belt.
a is a schematic sideways illustration of the forces acting on a balanced standing person.
b is a schematic sideways illustration of the forces acting on a person on the verge of losing balance backwards.
c is a schematic sideways illustration of the forces acting on a person regaining balance by moving his foot backwards.
a is a schematic frontal illustration of the forces acting on a balanced standing person.
b is a schematic frontal illustration of the forces acting on a person losing balance toward his left side.
c is a schematic frontal illustration of the forces acting on a person regaining balance by moving his foot to his left.
d is a schematic illustration of the shifting of the center of mass during typical gait, and the regaining of balance after momentary loss of balance.
e is a schematic illustration of the shifting of the center of mass during gait of a person with a balance disability or slow responses, and the regaining of balance after momentary loss of balance.
f is a schematic illustration of the shifting of the center of mass during gait, and the regaining of balance imparted by a device for regaining balance, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
a is an illustration of a typical installation of a backward driving wheel in the sole of a shoe, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
b is an illustration of a typical installation of a backward driving belt in the sole of a shoe, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
c is an illustration of a typical installation of three backward driving wheels in the sole of a shoe, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
a is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways.
b is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways (substantially perpendicular to the direction of gait).
c is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways (diagonally to the direction of gait).
d is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways (with pairs of wheels).
e is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways (with rotating belts).
A typical device for regaining balance, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a propulsion unit for displacing the foot of the user, when a change in the weight distribution on that foot reaches a predetermined condition; a controller, which receives signals from at least one weight distribution sensor, and activates the propulsion unit, when the predetermined condition is met. In a preferred embodiment, the propulsion unit comprises of a motor coupled to a revolving element, which may, for example be a wheel, a set of wheels, or a revolving belt.
In another preferred embodiment the controller executes a logical algorithm that detects when the person is leaning to the back and load is released from the front of the foot and shifted to the back, and differentiate it from walking where the heel touches the ground before the front of the foot and load is shifted from the back to the front.
In another preferred embodiment the controller executes a logical algorithm that detects when a person is walking or standing and the pace of walking according to the sequence of load change between front and back of the foot, and synchronizes the activation of the propulsion unit to the timing of the foot placing on the ground.
In another preferred embodiment the controller executes a logical algorithm that detects when a person is seating according to the amount of load on the foot and avoid activating the propulsion unit when the person is not standing or walking.
In another preferred embodiment, the electric motor can be installed outside the wheel assembly. In another preferred embodiment the gear may also be installed outside the wheel assemble. The selected configuration depends on specific design parameters such as the dimensions of the electric motor and gear vs. the desired wheel dimensions.
A basic configuration of a device according to the present invention provides motion to the shoe in one direction. A system that provides motion in more than one direction includes two or more sets of wheels. The same motor, central processor and the same battery can serve to power the motion in all directions. Some of the sensors may be used to activate more than one set of wheels. In some configurations sensors can serve as load detectors for monitoring balance in more than one direction.
a and 2b present specific implementations of the propulsion unit (14).
In cases where the electric motor is not powerful enough to drive the wheel a spring motor (15) can be used.
a present a preferred embodiment of the invention, where a single wheel (18) is integrated in a shoe (30). The wheel (18) is located at the back of the shoe sole (32), in the heel area. The wheel is closely leveled with the sole bottom and extends to the sole back end, such that it does not protrude outside the sole (32). When the person leans backward his weight is shifted onto the wheel at the back. Any rotation of the wheel will then move the sole on the ground. The wheel level, relative to the sole bottom, is designed such that most of his weight rests on the wheel when the sole flexes as the person leans to the back of the heel.
In another preferred embodiment, as presented in
Yet in another preferred embodiment, as presented in
The weight distribution along a single foot and between the user's feet can be sensed using one or more sensors, which can comprise a strain gauge, piezoelectric or any other kind of sensor that produces an electric signal that indicates changes in the distribution of weight. The sensors can also be made of mechanical switches that produce a signal under a predetermined load. In a preferred embodiment, the sensors are installed inside a flexible sole, such that they are protected from the ground but feel the weight load. The sensors may also be installed inside the shoe below the insole of the foot. Sensors are installed for the detection of weight distribution in any desired direction. An example of sensor location in the shoe, designed to measure the weight shift toward the back and front, is presented in
An example of one embodiment, wherein the device is integrated in a single shoe (30) is presented in
To better understand how the device assists in cases of loss of balance, one has to understand the balancing mechanism and the sequence of events associated with a fall of a person.
The greatest “fear of fall” of elderly people is associated with a backward fall. This happens when the center of weight moves all the way back such that all the weight is supported by the heels, see
While standing or walking, a person can also loose balance and fall sideways.
d is a schematic illustration of the shifting of the center of mass during typical gait, and the regaining of balance after momentary loss of balance. At first a person steps a series of balanced steps (1, 2, 3), at either sides of the imaginary line representing the progress of the center of mass of that person, until he missteps his (step 4), placing his right foot right below his center of mass with no ability to counter weight shift over the right foot to the side. Instinctively he crosses over with his left foot (5) followed by placing the right foot to the side to counter the center of weight shift and continues an almost uninterrupted gait (6).
e is a schematic illustration of the shifting of the center of mass during gait of a person with a balance disability or slow responses, and the regaining of balance after momentary loss of balance. Here after a series of balanced steps (1,2,3) a misstep (4) of the right foot occurs. The slowly responding person will then performs an additional short step with his left foot (5) followed by additional right step placed well to the side (6) to counter the weight shift, and then regain walking by normal left step (7). In several; cases the extra left step followed by a side place right step may lead to loss of balance during gait resulting in a fall.
f is a schematic illustration of the shifting of the center of mass during gait, and the regaining of balance imparted by a device for regaining balance, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Here as the misstep occurs (4) the device of the present invention slides the same foot sideways to the right, thus maintaining the center of mass over the support area of the person, helping him to regain balance and continue normal walking.
An example of the installation and operation of the device with a drive wheel (18) is demonstrated in
c is an illustration of a typical installation of three backward driving wheels in the sole of a shoe, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Another preferred embodiment is detailed in
In yet another embodiment, when diagonal movement is required, the wheels maybe installed at an angle to the main axis of the shoe.
a is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways.
b is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways (substantially perpendicular to the direction of gait).
c is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways (diagonally to the direction of gait).
d is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways (with pairs of wheels).
e is an illustration of a typical installation of driving wheels in the shoe sole for displacing the foot of the wearer of the shoe sideways (with rotating belts).
It should be clear that the description of the embodiments and attached Figures set forth in this specification serves only for a better understanding of the invention, without limiting its scope.
It should also be clear that a person skilled in the art, after reading the present specification could make adjustments or amendments to the attached Figures and above described embodiments that would still be covered by the present invention.
This application is a National Phase Application of PCT International Application No. PCT/IL2005/000467, entitled “Device and Method for Regaining Balance”, International Filing Date May 3, 2005, published on Nov. 10, 2005 as International Publication No. WO 2005/104660; which in turn claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/567,502, filed May 4, 2004.
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PCT/IL2005/000467 | 5/3/2005 | WO | 00 | 10/30/2006 |
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WO2005/104660 | 10/11/2005 | WO | A |
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