Device and method for restraining the wrists of a subject

Abstract

A restraint device and associated method for securing the wrists of a subject, the device comprising a first wrist restraint and a second wrist restraint, each wrist restraint having a loop with a variable circumference, wherein each wrist restraint transitions between an inserting configuration, and a secure configuration, wherein the circumference of the loop in the inserting configuration is greater than the circumference of the loop in the secure configuration, and a cinching portion couplable to each wrist restraint to removably attach the first wrist restraint and the second wrist restraint, wherein upon increasing a distance between a first wrist of the subject inserted into the loop of the first wrist restraint, and a second wrist of the subject inserted into the loop of the second wrist restraint, the restraint device transitions from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following relates generally to devices and methods for restraining the hands and wrists of a person, and more particularly to devices and methods for enabling individuals to self-administer hand and wrist restraints.

INTRODUCTION

Hand restraints such as handcuffs are used to help restrain an individual (hereafter called subject) during detainment, arrest or prisoner transfer. These restraints generally come in two forms, a pair of hinged locking metal cuffs or an elongated flexible chord loop which can be cinched close in much the same manner as a pull tie. Numerous variations of these designs are available on the market.

In the case hinged cuffs, the officer opens each of the cuffs and places each of the subject's hands into the cuffs before locking them. In the case of the pull tie design, the officer places the subject's hands into the flexible loop (or loops) and then the officer cinches the loop to restrain the subject's hands. In each of these types of designs, the officer places the subject's hands in the restraint (oftentimes by force) and then the officer physically engages the locking mechanism to restrain the subject's hands.

In the case where the subject is cooperative, the subject can assist the officer by holding still while the officer applies the hand restraints. The act of restraining the subject is carried out by the officer, not by the subject. The process of the officer applying the restraint can be difficult and does not facilitate the subject's cooperation. It is possible for the officer to apply the restraints too tightly causing pain and discomfort to the subject. It is also possible that the very act of applying the restraints can be traumatic to the subject causing the subject to become uncooperative. Accordingly, a new type of hand restraint which is less traumatic to the subject is therefore desirable.

SUMMARY

This summary is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of the applicant's teaching, but not to define any specific embodiments. In general, disclosed herein are one or more restraint devices and associated methods for securing the wrists of a subject.

In a first aspect, the restraint device comprises a first wrist restraint and a second wrist restraint, each wrist restraint having a loop with a variable circumference, wherein each wrist restraint transitions between an inserting configuration, and a secure configuration, wherein the circumference of the loop in the inserting configuration is greater than the circumference of the loop in the secure configuration, and a cinching portion couplable to each wrist restraint to removably attach the first wrist restraint and the second wrist restraint, wherein upon increasing a distance between a first wrist of the subject inserted into the loop of the first wrist restraint, and a second wrist of the subject inserted into the loop of the second wrist restraint, the restraint device transitions from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration.

According to some examples, each wrist restraint comprises a first end comprising a first ratcheting mechanism and a second end insertable into the first ratcheting mechanism to form the loop of each wrist restraint, wherein the first ratcheting mechanism is configured to only decrease the circumference of the loop to transition the restraint device from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration.

According to some examples, the cinching portion comprises a cinching ratcheting mechanism through which the second end of each wrist restraint is passed in opposing directions such that the second end of each wrist restraint may only advance through the cinching ratcheting mechanism in one direction once engaged by the cinching ratcheting mechanism.

According to some examples, the first end of each wrist restraint further comprises a second ratcheting mechanism, configured to receive the second end of the other wrist restraint.

According to some examples, each wrist restraint further comprises a locking mechanism, wherein each second ratcheting mechanism may be enabled by locking the locking mechanism, fixing the circumference of each loop, when the second end of each wrist restraint is inserted into the second ratcheting mechanism of the other wrist restraint.

According to some examples, each locking mechanism comprises a pin, wherein removing the pin locks the locking mechanism.

According to some examples, the restraint further comprises a loosening mechanism, wherein when each loosening mechanism is engaged, each first ratcheting mechanism is disabled, such that each wrist restraint may be transitioned from the secure configuration to the inserting configuration.

According to some examples, each wrist restraint is constructed of a semi-rigid polymer material.

According to some examples, wrist restraint is constructed of metal.

In another aspect, some examples of the invention provide a method of operating a restraint device, the method comprising the steps of: forming the loop of each wrist restraint by inserting the second end of each wrist restraint into the first ratcheting mechanism of the same wrist restraint, and coupling each wrist restraint to the cinching portion by inserting the second end of each wrist restraint into the cinching ratcheting mechanism, thereby placing the restraint device in the inserting configuration.

According to some examples, the method comprises inserting the first wrist of the subject into the loop of the first wrist restraint, and inserting the second wrist of the subject into the loop of the second wrist restraint, increasing the distance between the first wrist and the second wrist to transition the restraint device to the secure configuration, and decreasing the distance between the first wrist and the second wrist to secure the subject's wrists.

According to some examples, the method comprises a second ratcheting mechanism at the first end of each wrist restraint, wherein the second ratcheting mechanism of each wrist restraint is configured to receive the second end of the other wrist restraint, and a locking mechanism, wherein the second ratcheting mechanism may be enabled by locking the locking mechanism, fixing the circumference of each wrist restraint, wherein the method further comprises inserting the second end of each wrist restraint into the second ratcheting mechanism of the other wrist restraint, and locking the locking mechanism to fix the circumference of each wrist restraint.

According to some examples, each locking mechanism comprises a pin, wherein locking the locking mechanism comprises removing each pin.

According to some examples, each pin when removed, mechanically biases the second ratcheting mechanism such that the second ratcheting mechanism cannot engage the second end of the wrist restraint.

According to some examples, each wrist restraint further comprises a loosening mechanism, wherein when each loosening mechanism is engaged, each first ratcheting mechanism is disabled. The method further comprises engaging the loosening mechanism to disable the first ratcheting mechanism, transitioning the wrist restraint from the secure configuration to the inserting configuration.

In another aspect, the restraint device comprises a first wrist restraint and a second wrist restraint, each wrist restraint having a loop with a circumference, wherein each wrist restraint comprises an inserting configuration, and a secure configuration, wherein the circumference of the inserting configuration is greater than the circumference of the secure configuration, a cinching portion coupled to each wrist restraint, the cinching portion configured such that while the subject's first wrist is inserted into the loop of the first wrist restraint and the subject's second wrist is inserted into the opening of the second wrist restraint, a subject may engage a member of the cinching portion to move each wrist restraint from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration.

Other aspects and features will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art, upon review of the following description of some exemplary embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings included herewith are for illustrating various examples of articles, methods, and apparatuses of the present specification. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of a restraint device;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the restraint device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the restraint device of FIGS. 1-2;

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional plan view of the restraint device of FIGS. 1-3, along section A-A of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart depicting a method of using the restraint device of FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart depicting an alternative method of using the restraint device of FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart depicting an alternative method of using the restraint device of FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart depicting an alternative method of using the restraint device of FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a restraint device in the inserting configuration;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the restraint device of FIG. 9 in the secure configuration;

FIG. 11 is an elevation view of the restraint device of FIGS. 9-10;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the restraint device of FIGS. 9-11; and

FIG. 13 is a side view of the restraint device of FIGS. 9-12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various apparatuses or processes will be described below to provide an example of each claimed embodiment. No embodiment described below limits any claimed embodiment and any claimed embodiment may cover processes or apparatuses that differ from those described below. The claimed embodiments are not limited to apparatuses or processes having all of the features of any one apparatus or process described below or to features common to multiple or all of the apparatuses described below.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-4, shown therein is a restraint device 100, according to an embodiment. The restraint device 100 comprises a first wrist restraint 102a and a second wrist restraint 102b for restraining the writs of the subject (not shown). In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4, the first wrist restraint 102a and second wrist restraint 102b are identical. According to other embodiments (not shown), the first wrist restraint 102a and the second wrist restraint 102b may differ. For example, the first wrist restraint 102a may be designed to be placed on the left wrist of a subject, while the second wrist restraint 102b may be designed to be placed on the right wrist of a subject.

Each wrist restraint 102a, 102b may be a zip tie, pull tie or cable tie. Each wrist restraint 102a, 102b comprises a strip like body 104a, 104b, comprising a first end 106a, 106b and second end 108a, 108b. The body 104a, 104b comprises a plurality of ridge features 110a, 110b, which may provide a surface such that the body may frictionally engage with other components, for example, a pawl of a ratchet mechanism.

As shown in FIG. 1, the ridge features 110a, 110b extend from the first end 106a, 106b to the second end 108a, 108b, along the entire face of one side of body 104a, 104b of wrist restraint 102a, 102b. The ridge features 110a, 110b may have a generally triangular cross section.

According to other embodiments, the ridge features 110a, 110b may extend only partway across the length of the body 104a, 104b of the wrist restraint 102a, 102b, or may be present on a different surface of wrist restraint 102a, 102b. According to various embodiments, the ridge features 110a, 110b may be undulations, sand type abrasives, teeth, or the like, having a high friction coefficient to provide a high friction surface for engaging with a ratchet mechanism or mechanical locking feature.

The first end 106a, 106b of the wrist restraints 102a, 102b comprises a first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b. Each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is configured such that the second end 108a, 108b of the wrist restraint 102a, 102b may be inserted into the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b of the same wrist restraint 102a, 102b (i.e., the second end 108a is insertable into the first ratcheting mechanism 112a in the wrist restraint 102a; the second end 108b is insertable into the first ratcheting mechanism 112b in the wrist restraint 102b) to form a loop 120a, 120b for restraining a subject's hand/wrist.

The first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b comprises an aperture 114a, 114b having a pawl 116a, 116b, on an extension 118a, 118b. The extension 118a, 118b is mechanically biased such that at rest, the pawl 116a, 116b blocks the aperture 114a, 114b. An object that is to be engaged (such as second end 108a, 108b) may be inserted through the aperture 114a, 114b, displacing the biased extension 118a, 118b. The pawl 116a, 116b present on the biased extension 118a, 118b within the aperture 114a, 114b may then engage with the plurality of ridge features 110a, 110b present on each wrist restraint 102a, 102b, such that the second end 108a, 108b may be advanced further into the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, in one direction only, but may not be removed from the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b by pulling second end 108a, 108b away from first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b.

When the second end 108a, 108b of the wrist restraint 102a, 102b is engaged with the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, the wrist restraint 102a, 102b forms a loop 120a, 120b, having a substantially circular opening with a variable circumference 122a, 122b. When the second end 108a, 108b is engaged with the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, the second end 108a, 108b extends through the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b. The second end 108a, 108b may be advanced further into the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, to reduce the circumference 122a, 122b of the loops 120a, 120b.

Each wrist restraint 102a, 102b of device 100 may be comprised of a semi-rigid polymer/flexible material, such as Nylon™ or polypropylene. It may be advantageous to use a material such as Nylon™ for weather and UV resistance. According to other embodiments, the wrist restraint 102a, 102b may be comprised of other materials, including but not limited to steel, aluminum, other metallic materials, or any other material suitable for a wrist restraining device. Any example of wrist restraint 102a, 102b may preferably be comprised of a material having a tensile strength of 300 lbs or more, to securely restrain a subject. Nylon™ polymers are advantageously recyclable, which promotes environmental sustainability.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-4, each wrist restraint 102a, 102b may be manufactured by an injection molding process. Other suitable manufacturing processes may be used, such as 3D printing, other additive manufacturing processes, machining, casting or other methods of molding.

The bodies 104a, 104b of the wrist restraints 102a, 102b of the device 100 are of a certain size. In other examples, wrist restraints 102a, 102b may be of any length, width or thickness that may securely restrain the wrists of a subject.

Restraint device 100 further includes cinching portion 124 for securing the wrists of the subject closer together. Cinching portion 124 has a cinching portion body 126, and a cinching ratcheting mechanism 128. Generally, the structure of the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 is analogous to the mechanical structure of the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b. In other embodiments, the structure of cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 may differ from the exact structure of first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b.

Cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 is configured to receive the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b simultaneously. Each second end 108a, 108b passes through the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 in opposing directions. The cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 comprises a pair of apertures 130a, 130b through the cinching portion body 126, each aperture 130a, 130b comprising a pawl 132a, 132b, on an extension 134a, 134b that is mechanically biased such that at rest, the pawl 132a, 132b blocks the aperture 130a, 130b. The second end 108a, 108b is inserted through the aperture 130a, 130b, displacing the biased extension 134a, 134b. The pawl 132a, 132b present on the biased extension 134a, 134b within each aperture 130a, 130b may engage then with the plurality of ridge features 110a, 110b present on each wrist restraint 102a, 102b, resisting backwards movement of second end 108a, 108b and consequently preventing the circumference of the loop 120a, 120b of the wrist restraint 102a, 102b from increasing.

An operator may form the first wrist restraint 102a and second wrist restraint 102b into a loop, by inserting second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b into the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b of the same wrist restraint 102a, 102b. The second end 108a, 108b may be pulled through the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, until the circumference 122a, 122b is of a size that is acceptable to the operator. It may be advantageous to ensure that the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is generally larger that the width of a subject's hand to ensure later ease of insertion of a subject's hand. An operator may then insert the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b, which is now protruding through first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, into the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128. Preferably, the operator feeds the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b into the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 until the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 just engages second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b. This ensures that loops 120a, 120b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b remain relatively separated from each other. Once the second end 108a, 108b of both wrist restraints 102a, 102b are engaged with the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128, cinching portion 124 is coupled to both wrist restraints 102a, 102b, forming device 100.

The operator may then use the device 100 to secure a subject's hands and wrists. In this example, a subject has a first wrist and second wrist. Once device 100 is formed by coupling the first wrist restraint 102a and the second wrist restraint 102b to the cinching portion 124, each wrist restraint 102a, 102b may be deemed to be in the inserting configuration. The operator may then provide the device 100 to the subject for self-administration. The subject inserts their first wrist into the loop 120a of the first wrist restraint 102a, and their second wrist into the loop 120b of the second wrist restraint 102b. Once the subject's wrists are each placed into wrist restraint 102a, 102b, such that each wrist restraint 102a, 102b substantially circumscribe each of the subject's wrists, the subject may then increase the distance between their wrists to transition the device 100 from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration.

When the subject increases the distance between their wrists, the section of the device 100 including the second end 108a of the first wrist restraint 102a, the cinching portion 124 and the second end 108b of the second wrist restraint 108b becomes more taught. Once this section is taught, and the subject continues to increase the distance between their first wrist and second wrist, each wrist restraint 102a, 102b of the device 100 begins to transition from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration, wherein the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b begins to decrease. The circumference 122 of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b decreases, such that the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b substantially matches the circumference 122a, 122b of each of the subject's wrists 102a, 102b. At this point, the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint is smaller than the subject's hands, such that the subject may not remove their wrists from each wrist restraint 102a, 102b without destroying or damaging wrist restraints 102a, 102b. The subject's wrists are now secured in wrist restraints 102a, 102b. The wrist restraints 102a, 102b are configured such that a subject is unlikely to be able to damage, destroy or otherwise remove their wrists from wrist restraints 102a, 102b without a tool, such as an edged blade, shears, snips, or other hard and/or sharp tool.

As shown in FIGS. 1-4, the device 100 may include a loosening mechanism 136a, 136b on each wrist restraint, proximate to the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b. Loosening mechanism may include an external lever 138a, 138b, wherein when the lever 138a, 138b is engaged, the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b is disabled, such that first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b does not engage the plurality of ridge features 110a, 110b present on wrist restraint 102a, 102b. In the example of FIG. 1-4, engaging the lever 138a, 138b comprises pushing the lever 138a, 138b towards first end 106a, 106b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b. Once first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b is disabled, each second end 108a, 108b may be retracted from each first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, such that circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b may be increased. This may be advantageous in situations wherein circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is decreased to a size such that the subject is in a state of discomfort or pain. Circumference 122a, 122b may be increased without destroying or damaging restraint device 100, reducing waste, and reducing the number of restraint devices 100 that an operator may need to carry during a security operation, law enforcement operation or other operation wherein an operator may be applying device 100 onto a subject, or providing device 100 to a subject for self-administration.

Once the subject's wrists are secured in each wrist restraint 102a, 102b, the subject may be instructed or forced to decrease the distance between their first wrist and second wrist (i.e., by bringing their restrained hands/wrists together). As the subject's wrists are moved together, the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is forced further into the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128. As the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 resists backwards movement of the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b out of the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128, once the subject's wrists are brought closer together, they may not be moved further apart, as this movement will be restricted by the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128. The subject's wrists are brought as close together as physically permissible, securing the subjects wrists together. The subject is now in a restrained position. The device 100 is configured such that a subject is unlikely to be able to damage, destroy or otherwise remove their wrists from wrist restraints 102a, 102b, or substantially increase the distance between their wrists, without a tool, such as an edged blade, shears, snips, or other hard and or sharp tool.

In examples wherein the device 100 comprises a loosening mechanism 136a, 136b, loosening mechanism 136a, 136b is not operational once subject's wrists are secured together, as any attempt to increase the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b will result in first end 106a, 106b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b physically interfering with cinching portion 124.

When it is determined that it is no longer necessary to restrain the subject's wrists using restraint the device 100, an operator may preferably use a sharp tool, such as shears or snips to break the circumference 112a, 122b of each loop 120a, 120b so that the subject may remove their wrists from the restraint device 100.

As shown in FIG. 4, each wrist restraint 102a, 102b further comprises a second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b. The second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b is generally similar in structure to the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b. The second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b comprises an aperture 142a, 142b, comprising a pawl 144a, 144b on an extension 146a, 146b that is mechanically biased such that at rest, the pawl 144a, 144b blocks aperture 142a, 142b. An object that is to be engaged (such as second end 108b, 108a) may be inserted through the aperture 142a, 142b, displacing the biased extension 146a, 146b. The pawl 144a, 144b present on biased extension 146a, 146b within the aperture 142a, 142b may engage then with the plurality of ridge features 110a, 110b present on each wrist restraint 102b, 102a, such that second end 108b, 108a may be advanced further into the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b, in one direction, but may not be removed from the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b by pulling second end 108b, 108a away from second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b.

Each wrist restraint 102a, 102b further comprises a locking mechanism 148a, 148b. The locking mechanism 148a, 148b is configured such that the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b may be engaged or disengaged, depending on whether the locking mechanism 148a, 148b is locked or unlocked. The locking mechanism 148a, 148b is deemed to be in a locked configuration when the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b is engaged, and in an unlocked configuration when the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b is disengaged.

The locking mechanism 148a, 148b comprises a pin 150a, 150b which when inserted, biases the internal components of the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b such that the pawl 144a, 144b of the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b cannot engage with the second end 108b, 108a of each wrist restraint 102b, 102a. This allows second end 108b, 108a to be inserted into or retracted out of second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b without substantial resistance. This may be deemed the unlocked configuration. When the pin 150a, 150b is removed, locking the locking mechanism 148a, 148b, second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b is engaged, such that when second end 108b, 108a is inserted into second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b, second end 108b, 108a may only be advanced further into the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b in one direction only, but may not be removed from the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b by pulling second end 108b, 108a away from second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b.

According to other embodiments, the locking mechanism 148a, 148b may take on different forms, including levers, switches, or the like, that may be engaged by an operator or subject, preferably without tools.

In examples wherein the device 100 is equipped with wrist restraints 102a, 102b comprising a second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b, an operator may form the first wrist restraint 102a and second wrist restraint 102b into a loop, by inserting second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b into the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b of the same wrist restraint 102a, 102b. The second end 108a, 108b may be pulled through the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, until the circumference 122a, 122b is of a size that is acceptable to the operator. It may be advantageous to ensure that the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is generally larger than the width of a subject's hand to ensure later ease of insertion of the subject's hand through the loop 120a, 120b. An operator may then insert the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b, which is now protruding through first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, into cinching ratcheting mechanism 128. The operator may then pull second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b through cinching portion 128, and then insert each second end 108a, 108b into second ratcheting mechanism 140b, 140a of the opposite wrist restraint 102b, 102a, such that second ratcheting mechanism 140b, 140a engages the second end 108a, 108b of each other wrist restraint 102a, 102, as pictured in FIGS. 1-4.

Once both the second ends 108a, 108b of both the wrist restraints 102a, 102b are engaged by the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128, and the second ratcheting mechanism 140b, 140a, the device 100 is formed.

The operator may then use the device 100 to secure a subject's hands and wrists. In this example, a subject has a first wrist and second wrist. Once the device 100 is formed by engaging the second end 108a, 108b of both wrist restraints 102a, 102b with the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128, and the second ratcheting mechanism 140b, 140a, wrist restraint 102a, 102b is deemed to be in the inserting configuration. The operator may then provide the device 100 to the subject for self-administration. The subject may arrange the device 100 such that pins 150a, 150b are facing the operator/away from the subject. The subject may insert their first wrist into the loop 120a of first wrist restraint 102a, and second wrist into the loop 120b of second wrist restraint 102b.

Once the subject's wrists are placed into wrist restraint 102a, 102b, such that each wrist restraint 102a, 102b substantially circumscribe each of the subject's wrists, the subject may then move their wrists away from one another, increasing the distance between their wrists. When the subject increases the distance between their wrists, the section of the device 100 including the second end 108a of the first wrist restraint 102a, the cinching portion 124 and the second end 108b of the second wrist restraint 102b becomes more taught. Once this section is taught, and the subject continues to increase the distance between their first wrist and second wrist, each wrist restraint of the device 100 begins to move from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration, wherein the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b begins to decrease. The circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b decreases, such that the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b substantially matches the circumference of each of the subject's wrists.

At this point, the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is smaller than the subject's hands, such that the subject may not remove their wrists from each wrist restraint 102a, 102b without destroying or damaging the wrist restraints 102a, 102b. The subject's wrists are now secured in wrist restraints 102a, 102b.

Once the subject's wrists are secured in each wrist restraint 102a, 102b, the subject may be instructed or forced to decrease the distance between their first wrist and second wrist. As the subject's wrists are moved together, the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is forced further into cinching ratcheting mechanism 128. As cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 resists backwards movement of the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b out of the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128, once the subject's wrists are brought closer together, they may not be moved further apart, as this movement will be restricted by cinching ratcheting mechanism 128. The subject's wrists are brought as close together as physically permissible, securing the subjects wrists together. The subject is now in a restrained position. The device 100 is configured such that a subject is unlikely to be able to damage, destroy or otherwise remove their wrists from wrist restraints 102a, 102b, or substantially increase the distance between their wrists, without a tool, such as an edged blade, shears, snips, or other hard and or sharp tool.

As the subject brough both of their wrists together, the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is advanced through the second ratcheting mechanism 140b, 140a of the other wrist restraint 102b, 102a (i.e., the second end 108b of the wrist restraint 102b is passed through the second ratcheting mechanism 102a; the second end 108a of the wrist restraint 102a is passed through the second ratcheting mechanism 102b). The locking mechanism 148a, 148b may now be locked, by removing both pins 150a, 150b to engage the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b. As a result, each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is now double locked, such that the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b may not be increased or decreased, and the cinching portion 124 securely couples each wrist restraint 102a, 102b such that a subject's wrists are generally restrained together.

All embodiments of restraint device described herein are configured such that a subject may self-administer the restraint device 100. This provides a significant advantage. The subject may self-administer the restraint 100 to a comfortable level of tightness, under the supervision of an operator, such as a law enforcement officer. This reduces unnecessary discomfort for the subject. Self-administration promotes subject dignity, as some subjects may find the process of being restrained by an operator such as a law enforcement operator distasteful or humiliating.

Traditional locking steel handcuffs or current zip tie-based restraints require an operator to be at a close proximity to a subject while administering the wrist restraint. The subject may self-administer restraint device 100 described herein at a safe distance, promoting operator safety.

The restraint device 100 described herein provides a double locking feature through the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b and the locking mechanism 148a, 148b. Double locking feature locks the circumference 122a, 122b of each loop 120a, 120b, such that the subject may not inadvertently overtighten the restraint after locking the circumference 122a, 122b. Double locking improves the safety and comfort of device 100 Existing disposable restraints, such as other zip-tie based restraints are often not capable of double locking.

Additionally, the polymer-based restraint device 100 described herein is more deformable than traditional locking steel handcuffs, which are often carried by law enforcement officers. This smoother, more flexible surface, promotes subject comfort.

Referring now to FIG. 5, pictured therein is a flow chart depicting a method 200 of operating the device 100 of FIGS. 1-4. The method 200 may be implemented using the device 100 shown in FIGS. 1-4.

Method 200 begins with step 202, wherein the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is inserted into first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b of the same wrist restraint 102a, 102b, to form each wrist restraint 102a, 102b into a loop 120a, 120b with a circumference 122a, 122b.

At step 204, each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is coupled to the cinching portion 124 by inserting the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b into the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128. After the completion of step 204, the device 100 is in the inserting configuration and ready for a subject to self-restrain themselves using the device 100.

Referring now to FIG. 6, pictured therein is a flow chart depicting a method 300 of using the device 100 of FIG. 1-4. The method 300 may include any or all steps of the method 200 (step 302). The method 300 additionally comprises steps 304, 306, 308 and 310.

At step 304, the first wrist of a subject is inserted into the loop 120a of first wrist restraint 102a and the second wrist of a subject into the loop 120b of second wrist restraint 102b.

At step 306, the first wrist of the subject is moved away from the second wrist of the subject. This action causes the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b to be pulled further through the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b, such that the circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is decreased, transitioning the wrist restraints 102a, 102b from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration.

At step 308, the first wrist of the subject is moved towards the second wrist of the subject, to secure the subject's wrists. When the two wrists are moved together, the second end 108a, 108b are both inserted further into the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128, wherein the cinching ratcheting mechanism 128 resists backwards motion of second end 108a, 108b, such that the subject's wrists are secured to one another.

Referring now to FIG. 7, pictured therein is a flow chart depicting a method 400 of using the device 100 of FIG. 1-4. The method 400 may include any or all steps of the method 300 (step 402). Method 400 additionally comprises steps 404 and 406. Embodiments of the device 100 used to implement the method 400 additionally comprises second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b, and locking mechanism 148a, 148b.

At step 404, the second end 108a, 108b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is inserted into the second ratcheting mechanism 140b, 140a of the other wrist restraint 102b, 102a.

At step 406, the locking mechanism 148a, 148b of each wrist restraint is locked, such that the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b is enabled. When the second ratcheting mechanism 140a, 140b is enabled, circumference 122a, 122b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b is fixed.

In embodiments of the device 100 wherein the locking mechanism 148a, 148b comprises a pin 150a, 150b, locking the locking mechanism 148a, 148b comprises removing the pin 150a, 150b.

Referring now to FIG. 8, pictured therein is a flow chart depicting a method 500 of using the device 100 of FIG. 1-4. The method 500 may include any or all steps of method 200 (step 502). Method 500 additionally comprises steps 504 and 506. Embodiments of the device 100 used to implement the method 500 additionally comprises a loosening mechanism 148a, 148b.

At step 504, the loosening mechanism 148a, 148b is engaged, such that the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b is disabled.

At step 506, the wrist restraint 102a, 102b is transitioned from the secure configuration to the inserting configuration. The circumference 122a, 122b of the loop 120a, 120b of each wrist restraint 102a, 102b may be increased during step 506. The wrist restraint 102a, 102b may be manually transitioned from the secure configuration to the inserting configuration by forcing the second end 108a, 108b back out of the first ratcheting mechanism 112a, 112b. A subject may require external assistance, for example, from an operator to transition from the secure configuration to the inserting configuration, as the subject's hands may be relatively constrained, and may not be able to apply force to the second end 108a, 108b in the necessary direction while constrained.

Referring now to FIG. 9, pictured therein is an alternate embodiment of a wrist restraint device. The restraint made in accordance with one aspect of the present invention is shown generally as item 10 and includes of a cuff portion 12 and a cinching portion 14 coupled to the cuff portion. In the present embodiment of the invention, cuff portion 12 includes a pair of wrist restraints 16 and 18 having first ends 20a and 20b, respectively second ends 22a and 22b, respectively. Wrist restraints 16 and 18 each have a plurality of ridges 24 and first ends 20a and 20b are formed as one way ratchets configured to engage ridges 24 in such a way as to permit wrist restraints 16 and 18 to be tightened but not loosened. Wrist restraints 16 and 18 and ends 20a and 20b are substantially formed as standard pull ties, but wider to restrain the subject's wrists more comfortably.

Cinching portion 14 includes of a pair of housings 26a and 26b which are coupled together. Housing 26a has a handle portion 28a, a member 30a and is coupled to a movable arm 32a. Movable arm 32a has a projecting end which is coupled to end 22a of wrist restraint 16. Housing 26b has a handle portion 28b, a member 30b and is coupled to a movable arm 32b. Movable arm 32b has a projecting end which is coupled to end 22b of wrist restraint 18. Contained in housings 26a is a ratchet mechanism coupled to movable arm 32a and member 30a which causes arm 32a to be retracted towards housing 26a when member 30a is repeatedly engaged. Likewise, housings 26b contains a ratchet mechanism coupled to movable arm 32b and member 30b which causes arm 32b to be retracted towards housing 26b when lever 30b is repeatedly engaged. Repeatedly engaging members 30a and 30b causes ends 22a and 22b to be pulled towards cinching portion 14 which in turn causes wrist restraint 16 and 18, respectively, to be constricted.

Referring now to FIG. 10, as levers 30a and 30b are repeatedly engaged, ends 22a and 22b, respectively, are drawn towards cinching portion 14, and as a result loops 34 and 36 are made smaller (circumference decreases) as wrist restraints 16 and 18 are constricted. Ends 22a and 22b are preferably formed to be detachable from cinching portion 14 such that when wrist restraints 16 and 18 are constricted (moved from inserting configuration to secure configuration) they can be detached from the cinching portion.

Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, to use device 10, the subject (not shown) is instructed to insert his or her right hand and wrist (not shown) into loop 34 sufficiently to permit the user's right hand to grasp handle portion 28a and member 30a. The subject is likewise instructed to insert his or her left hand and wrist (not shown) into opening 36 sufficiently to permit the user's left hand to grasp handle portion 28b and member 30b. loops 34 and 36 are formed to be sufficiently large to permit the user to easily accomplish this task without struggling. When the subject's wrists are contained within loops 34 and 36 of wrist restraints 16 and 18, respectively, the subject is instructed to repeatedly engage members 30a and 30b in order to constrict (reduce circumference of) the wrist restraints. When the wrist restraints are constricted sufficiently such that the subject cannot remove his or her hands out of the wrist restraints, the subject can stop engaging the levers. The officer can then detach wrist restraints 16 and 18 from cinching portion 14. By allowing the subject to control the cinching of the wrist restraints, the subject can control the tightness of the wrist restraints on his or her wrists to the point where the wrists are secured, the hands are restrained but the restraint is still comfortable. The officer will be in attendance to ensure the restraints are tightened sufficiently to restrain the subject's hands securely.

Removing the wrist restraints can be achieved by simply cutting wrist restraints 16 and 18. To facilitate this, wrist restraints 16 and 18 are preferably made of a strong yet relatively soft and flexible material such as Nylon™. Wrist restraints 16 and 18 are preferably flat with ridges 24 formed on one of the flat side, it is possible to form the wrist restraints in any cross-sectional profile and the ridges can be placed on the side edges instead of on the flat sides.

The present embodiment proposes the use of flexible pull ties to restrain the subject's hands, but the invention is not limited to that specific embodiment. The hand restraints can include metal cuffs which are movable between an opened position (inserting configuration) wherein the subject can easily insert his/her hands into the cuffs and a constricted position (secure configuration) wherein the cuffs restrain the subject's wrists sufficiently to prevent removal of the hands from the cuffs. These metal cuffs will be coupled to a ratcheting mechanism analogous to cinching portion 14. The ratcheting mechanism will have a lever mechanism which can be repeatedly engaged to slowly tighten the cuffs. The ratcheting mechanism can be further configured to be detachably coupled to the metal cuffs. The principle of this metal cuff embodiment is the same as the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, namely a means by which the subject himself/herself can tighten the wrist restraints into a locked orientation.

While the above description provides examples of one or more apparatus, methods, or systems, it will be appreciated that other apparatus, methods, or systems may be within the scope of the claims as interpreted by one of skill in the art. What is claimed is the systems and methods as generically and specifically described herein.

Claims

1. A restraint device for securing the wrists of a subject, comprising: a first wrist restraint and a second wrist restraint, each wrist restraint having a loop with a variable circumference, wherein each wrist restraint transitions between an inserting configuration, and a secure configuration,wherein the circumference of the loop in the inserting configuration is greater than the circumference of the loop in the secure configuration; anda cinching portion couplable to each wrist restraint to removably attach the first wrist restraint and the second wrist restraint, wherein the restraint device transitions from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration upon increasing a distance between a first wrist of the subject circumscribed by the loop of the first wrist restraint, and a second wrist of the subject circumscribed by the loop of the second wrist restraint such that a second end of each wrist restraint is pulled through the clinching portion.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein each wrist restraint comprises: a first end comprising a first ratcheting mechanism; andthe second end insertable into the first ratcheting mechanism to form the loop of each wrist restraint; wherein the first ratcheting mechanism is configured to only decrease the circumference of the loop to transition the restraint device from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the cinching portion comprises a cinching ratcheting mechanism through which the second end of each wrist restraint is passed in opposing directions such that the second end of each wrist restraint may only advance through the cinching ratcheting mechanism in one direction once engaged by the cinching ratcheting mechanism.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein the first end of each wrist restraint further comprises a second ratcheting mechanism, configured to receive the second end of the other wrist restraint.

5. The restraint of claim 4, wherein each wrist restraint further comprises a locking mechanism, wherein each second ratcheting mechanism may be enabled by locking the locking mechanism, fixing the circumference of each loop when the second end of each wrist restraint is inserted into the second ratcheting mechanism of the other wrist restraint.

6. The restraint of claim 5, wherein each locking mechanism comprises a pin, wherein removing the pin locks the locking mechanism.

7. The restraint of claim 5, wherein each wrist restraint is constructed of a semi-rigid polymer material.

8. The restraint of claim 5, wherein each wrist restraint is constructed of metal.

9. The restraint of claim 3, wherein each wrist restraint further comprises a loosening mechanism, wherein when each loosening mechanism is engaged, each first ratcheting mechanism is disabled, such that each wrist restraint may be transitioned from the secure configuration to the inserting configuration.

10. A method of operating a restraint device of claim 3, the method comprising the steps of: forming the loop of each wrist restraint by inserting the second end of each wrist restraint into the first ratcheting mechanism of the same wrist restraint; andcoupling each wrist restraint to the cinching portion by inserting the second end of each wrist restraint into the cinching ratcheting mechanism, thereby placing the restraint device in the inserting configuration.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: inserting the first wrist of the subject into the loop of the first wrist restraint, and inserting the second wrist of the subject into the loop of the second wrist restraint;increasing the distance between the first wrist and the second wrist to transition the restraint device to the secure configuration; anddecreasing the distance between the first wrist and second wrist to secure the subject's wrists.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the device further comprises: a second ratcheting mechanism at the first end of each wrist restraint, wherein the second ratcheting mechanism of each wrist restraint is configured to receive the second end of the other wrist restraint; anda locking mechanism, wherein the second ratcheting mechanism may be enabled by locking the locking mechanism, fixing the circumference of each wrist restraint;wherein the method further comprises:inserting the second end of each wrist restraint into the second ratcheting mechanism of the other wrist restraint; andlocking the locking mechanism to fix the circumference of each wrist restraint.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein each locking mechanism comprises a pin, wherein locking the locking mechanism comprises removing each pin.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein each pin when removed, mechanically biases the second ratcheting mechanism such that the second ratcheting mechanism cannot engage the second end of the wrist restraint.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein each wrist restraint further comprises: a loosening mechanism, wherein when each loosening mechanism is engaged, each first ratcheting mechanism is disabled;wherein the method further comprises:engaging the loosening mechanism to disable the first ratcheting mechanism;transitioning the wrist restraint from the secure configuration to the inserting configuration.

16. A restraint device for securing the hands and wrists of a subject having a first and a second wrist, the restraint device comprising: a first wrist restraint and a second wrist restraint, each wrist restraint having a loop with a circumference, wherein each wrist restraint comprises an inserting configuration, and a secure configuration, wherein the circumference of the inserting configuration is greater than the circumference of the secure configuration;a cinching portion coupled to each wrist restraint, the cinching portion configured such that while the subject's first wrist contained within the loop of the first wrist restraint and the subject's second wrist is contained within the loop of the second wrist restraint, the subject may repeatedly engage a member of the cinching portion to transition each wrist restraint from the inserting configuration to the secure configuration.