Patent Grant
11462976
This application claims the benefit of the International Application No. PCT/DE2019/100162, filed on Feb. 20, 2019, and of the German patent application No. 102018103929.8 filed on Feb. 21, 2019, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by way of reference.
The invention relates to a wire end shaping device for use during production of a component, which is equipped with coils, of an electric machine, for shaping wire ends which protrude from an annular housing of the component. The invention furthermore relates to a component production device for producing a component, which is equipped with coils, of an electric machine, comprising a wire end shaping device of said type. Finally, the invention relates to a wire end shaping method, which can be performed preferably using such a wire end shaping device or component production device, for shaping wire ends, which protrude from an annular housing, during the course of production of a component, which is equipped with coils, of an electric machine.
Electric machines are to be understood, in particular, to mean machines for converting electrical energy into kinetic energy and machines for converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. In particular, the term is to be understood as encompassing electric motors and generators.
In the production of machine elements of such electric machines, for example stators or rotors, it is often necessary for ends of conductors which are formed from wires to be connected to one another or jointly processed in some other way, for example jointly cut or shaped.
For example, there are electric motors in which coil windings, in particular of the stator, are formed from different wire pieces, the ends of which are then connected to one another. Devices and methods for connecting wire ends of hairpins in order to form stator windings of electric machines have already been proposed in which the wire ends are welded to one another. Here, devices and methods for positioning and bracing the wire ends before the welding process are provided.
In order to be able to correctly weld the wire ends, it is advantageous for the wire ends which protrude out of the individual grooves of the housing of the component, for example after the introduction of hairpins or the like, to firstly be shaped, in particular flared and set, for example in order to thus form wire end pairs which are to be connected to one another.
A wire end shaping device for deforming wire ends, which protrude out of a housing of a component of an electric machine, in a circumferential direction is known for example from U.S. Pat. No. 6,519,993 B2.
The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing devices and methods with which the wire shaping can be performed more reliably than has hitherto been known.
The invention provides, in accordance with a first aspect thereof, a wire end shaping device for use during production of a component, which is equipped with coils, of an electric machine, for shaping wire ends which protrude from an annular housing of the component, comprising a bending device for bending wire ends in a circumferential direction, a relative movement device for moving the housing and the bending device in a relative manner in an axial direction, and a control unit,
wherein the bending device
has a first receiving and rotating means with a first receiving and rotating unit for receiving first wire ends and for turning the first wire ends for bending in a circumferential direction and with a first drive element for driving the first receiving and rotating unit, and
a second receiving and rotating means with a second receiving and rotating unit for receiving second wire ends, which are radially offset with respect to the first wire ends, and for turning the second wire ends for bending in the circumferential direction and with a second drive element for driving the second receiving and rotating unit,
wherein the first and second receiving and rotating unit are rotatable relative to one another and relative to the housing but are static relative to one another in an axial direction,
wherein the control unit is, for the bending of the wire ends, designed to activate the relative movement device to implement a relative movement between housing and the bending device and, during this, drive the first drive element with a first movement profile and the second drive element with a second movement profile, wherein the first and the second movement profile are configured to differ in a manner dependent on the relative movement such that an axial relative movement of the respective rotating receiving and rotating unit and end regions, engaging therein, of the wire ends is prevented.
In refinements of the invention, the different movement profiles are purely rotational movement profiles. The movement profiles comprise, in particular, purely rotational movements, wherein, as movement parameters, one or more of the parameters rotational directions, rotational speeds, rotational accelerations (in the positive or negative range), starting points, durations of rest or movement and end points may be set so as to vary over time or over the axial relative distance in a manner dependent on the respective bending situation.
It is preferable that the first receiving and rotating unit is designed for receiving and turning relatively long protruding first wire ends and the second receiving and rotating unit is designed for receiving and turning relatively short protruding second wire ends, and that the first movement profile comprises an earlier start of the rotational movement than the second movement profile.
It is preferable that the bending device has a third receiving and rotating means, with a third receiving and rotating unit for receiving third wire ends, which are radially offset with respect to the first and second wire ends, and for turning the third wire ends for bending in the circumferential direction, and a third drive element for driving the third receiving and rotating unit, wherein the control unit is designed to drive the third drive element with a third movement profile, which differs from the first and second movement profile, in a manner dependent on the relative movement between the bending device and the housing.
It is preferable that the bending device has a fourth receiving and rotating means, with a fourth receiving and rotating unit for receiving fourth wire ends, which are radially offset with respect to the first to third wire ends, and for turning the fourth wire ends for bending in the circumferential direction, and a fourth drive element for driving the fourth receiving and rotating unit, wherein the control unit is designed to drive the fourth drive element with a fourth movement profile, which differs from the first to third movement profile, in a manner dependent on the relative movement between the bending device and the housing.
It is self-evidently also possible for an even greater number of receiving and rotating means to be provided, with, in each case, one receiving and rotating unit which is rotatable in accordance with a dedicated movement profile. Preferably, the number of receiving and rotating means corresponds to the number of wire ends which protrude from each groove of the housing.
It is preferable that the control unit is designed to activate the relative movement device to implement the axial relative movement with a uniform speed, and to activate the drive elements such that at least one, multiple or all of the movement profiles cause a rotational movement with a varying rotational speed.
It is preferable that the control unit is designed to activate the relative movement device to implement the axial relative movement with a uniform speed, and to activate the drive elements such that at least one, multiple or all of the movement profiles cause a rotational movement with a gradually or uniformly changing rotational speed.
It is preferable that the control unit is designed to activate the relative movement device to implement the axial relative movement with a uniform speed, and to activate the drive elements such that at least one, multiple or all of the movement profiles cause a rotational movement with a rotational speed which increases or decreases in a continuous manner and/or to an increasing or decreasing extent.
It is preferable that the control unit is designed to activate the relative movement device to implement the axial relative movement with a uniform speed, and to activate the drive elements such that at least one, multiple or all of the movement profiles cause a rotational movement with a changing rotational speed such that an axial relative movement of the respective rotating receiving and rotating unit and end regions, engaging therein, of the wire ends is prevented.
It is preferable that the control unit is designed to activate the relative movement device to implement the axial relative movement with a uniform speed, and to activate the drive elements such that at least one, multiple or all of the movement profiles cause a rotational movement with movement parameters adapted to different lengths of the wire ends to be received in each case.
It is preferable that the receiving and rotating units are each formed by or have a setting crown.
It is preferable that bending edges formed on the receiving and rotating units are all situated substantially in the same plane extending in a radial and circumferential direction.
It is preferable that the wire end shaping device comprises a clamping device which is arrangeable between the housing and the bending device and which serves for fixedly holding the wire ends on the housing during the bending by the bending device.
It is preferable that the clamping device has a first clamping means, which is fixable to the housing or in a positionally static manner, and a second clamping means, which is movable relative to the first clamping means in order to clamp wire ends between the first clamping means and the second clamping means.
It is preferable that the clamping device is arranged on a housing holder which is rotatable and/or axially movable relative to the bending device.
It is preferable that the clamping device has rounded and/or beveled bending formations or rounded and/or beveled bending edges for the abutment and shaping of the wire ends during the bending.
It is preferable that the clamping device has a first clamping means, which is fixable to the housing or in a positionally static manner, and a second clamping means, which is movable relative to the first clamping means in order to clamp wire ends between the first clamping means and the second clamping means.
It is preferable that the first clamping means is of disk-shaped and/or annular form.
It is preferable that the first clamping means is designed for support against inner wall regions of the housing, which inner wall regions are arranged between grooves of the housing. The wire segments which have wire ends can be arranged in said grooves.
It is preferable that the first clamping means has multiple segments which are radially movable for the purposes of fixing to inner wall regions of the housing, which inner wall regions are arranged between grooves of the housing, in which grooves the wire segments which have wire ends can be arranged.
It is preferable that the first clamping means has radially movable segments and an axially movable drive element for jointly driving the radial movement of the segments by means of a conical control surface.
It is preferable that the first clamping means has a first clamping region for abutment against radially inner sides of wire ends, arranged radially at the inside, of the wire ends protruding out of the grooves of the housing.
It is preferable that the clamping device has a number of radially movable clamping fingers for fixedly clamping the wire ends.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers are formed on the second clamping means.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers are formed on the second clamping means and are designed to clamp the wire ends to the first clamping means.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers are formed on the second clamping means and have, in each case, one engagement end for engaging into a corresponding complementary cutout on the first clamping means. Preferably, the engagement end is received in the cutout with such a degree of play that easy insertion and removal of the clamping finger in a radial direction is made possible. Preferably, the respective engagement ends, when in the state in which they have been inserted into the cutout, can be supported on the cutout in order to support the clamping fingers against a displacement in an axial direction and/or circumferential direction.
It is preferable that the clamping device have rounded bending formations for the shaping at the wire ends during the bending process. Preferably, the clamping device has a group of first rounded bending formations for the shaping during bending of wire ends in a radial direction and has a group of second rounded bending formations for the shaping during bending of the wire ends in a circumferential direction.
The bending formations are preferably formed as rounded bending edges.
It is preferable that at least one of the bending formations is formed on each of the clamping fingers. Preferably, at least one first bending formation for the shaping during bending of the wire ends in the radial direction and at least one second bending formation for the shaping during the bending in a circumferential direction are provided on each clamping finger. Preferably, the first and the second bending formations are designed as edges which adjoin one another at a corner, in particular, edges of a step or receiving groove on the clamping finger for the wire ends.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers are formed in a number which corresponds to the number of groups of wire ends which are to be clamped together.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers are formed in a number which corresponds to the number of grooves of the housing of the component to be produced.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers are each designed for jointly clamping all of the wire ends which jointly protrude from the associated groove of the housing.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers are guided on a holding ring so as to be radially displaceable in a jointly or synchronously driven manner.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers each have a second clamping region, formed at a step, for abutment against a radially outer side of the radially outer wire end of the wire ends which protrude from the associated groove of the housing.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers each have a conically tapering tip at the free end.
It is preferable that the clamping fingers have a step at their free ends such that a receiving groove for two, three, four, five, six or more wire ends which jointly protrude from the associated groove of the housing is formed between adjacent clamping fingers situated in a clamping position.
It is preferable that the receiving groove is delimited, at one side running substantially in a radial direction and at one side running substantially in a circumferential direction, by one clamping finger, and at another side running substantially in a radial direction, by the other clamping finger, and is open at another side running substantially in a circumferential direction.
It is preferable that the bending device has at least one radial support means for radially supporting wire ends during the shaping.
It is preferable that the bending device has an inner radial support means for radially supporting wire ends on a radially inner side.
It is preferable that the bending device has an outer radial support means for radially supporting wire ends on a radially outer side.
It is preferable that the at least one radial support means is designed as a sleeve.
It is preferable that the at least one radial support means or at least one or more of multiple radial support means is axially movable.
It is preferable that the at least one radial support means has a flexible support region.
It is preferable that the at least one radial support means is movable such that the movement stops when an abutment is reached.
It is preferable that the controller is designed so as to activate the at least one radial support means such that the at least one radial support means, before the shaping of the wire ends, moves axially out from a retracted position into a supporting position and, after the shaping of the wire ends, moves axially back in from the supporting position into the retracted position.
According to a further aspect, the invention provides a component production device for producing a component, which is equipped with coils, of an electric machine, comprising a wire end shaping device according to any of the preceding refinements.
According to a further aspect, the invention provides a wire end shaping method, which can be and/or is to be performed during the course of the production of a component, which is equipped with coils, of an electric machine, for shaping wire ends which protrude from an annular housing of the component, comprising the following steps:
a) providing or using a bending device which has a first receiving and rotating unit, rotatable about an axis of rotation, for receiving first wire ends and which has a second receiving and rotating unit, rotatable about an axis of rotation, for receiving second wire ends which are radially offset with respect to the first wire ends, wherein the receiving and rotating units are rotatable relative to one another but are static or held relative to one another in an axial direction, and
b) moving the housing and the bending device in a relative manner in order to introduce the first wire ends into the first receiving and rotating unit and the second wire ends into the second receiving and rotating unit and in order to compensate an axial change in length of wire ends during a bending operation,
c) rotating the first receiving and rotating unit relative to the housing in order to bend the first wire ends after end regions of the first wire ends have been introduced into the first receiving and rotating unit, and rotating the second receiving and rotating unit relative to the housing in order to bend the second wire ends after end regions of the second wire ends have been introduced into the second receiving and rotating unit, wherein the rotation of the first and second receiving and rotating units is performed with different movement profiles in a manner dependent on the axial relative movement and on the axial length of the wire ends such that an axial relative movement between the end regions of the wire ends and the respective receiving and rotating unit is prevented.
It is preferable that the axial relative movement in step b) is performed with a uniform speed and the rotation in step c) is performed in each case with a varying rotational speed.
It is preferable that, in step a), the bending device with a third receiving and rotating unit for receiving third wire ends, which are radially offset relative to the first and second wire ends, and for turning the third wire ends for the purposes of bending in the circumferential direction is provided or used, wherein the third receiving and rotating unit is rotatable relative to the first and second receiving and rotating unit about the axis of rotation but is axially static or held and, in step c), after the introduction of end regions of the third wire ends, is rotated such that a relative movement of the end regions in the third receiving and rotating unit is prevented.
It is preferable that, in step a), the bending device with a fourth receiving and rotating unit for receiving fourth wire ends, which are radially offset relative to the first to third wire ends, and for turning the fourth wire ends for the purposes of bending in the circumferential direction is provided or used, wherein the fourth receiving and rotating unit is rotatable relative to the first to third receiving and rotating unit about the axis of rotation but is axially static or held and, in step c), after the introduction of end regions of the fourth wire ends, is rotated such that a relative movement of the end regions in the fourth receiving and rotating unit is prevented.
The first and second wire ends and possibly the third and/or fourth wire ends may protrude with an equal length, and the movement profiles may each correspondingly, in a manner dependent on the equal length, be configured differently in accordance with the different bend angles to be implemented. In another method approach, it is preferable that the wire ends protrude with different lengths, in particular such that wire ends situated radially further to the outside have, at the start, a greater axially protruding length than wire ends situated radially further to the inside. In such a case, the movement profiles are configured to differ in a manner dependent on the different bend angles to be implemented and on the different protruding lengths.
It is preferable that the rotational movements of the individual receiving and rotating units are correspondingly, in the case of different lengths of the wire ends to be bent in each case, started at correspondingly different points in time.
It is preferable that the rotational movements of all receiving and rotating units and the relative movement between housing and bending device are ended at the same time.
A preferred refinement of the wire end shaping method comprises the following step:
d) clamping the wire ends, by means of a clamping device arranged between the housing and the bending device, during the bending process.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
fixing a first clamping means to the housing or in a positionally static manner, and moving a second clamping means relative to the first clamping means in order to clamp the wire ends between the first and the second clamping means.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
jointly clamping all wire ends which protrude out of a groove of a housing.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
supporting a first of multiple clamping means, which are movable relative to one another, against inner wall regions of the housing, which inner wall regions are arranged between grooves of the housing.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
radially moving multiple segments of a first of multiple clamping means, which are movable relative to one another, in order to fix the first clamping means to the housing and/or for the purposes of release from the housing.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
driving, by means of an axially movable drive element, a radial movement of multiple segments of a first of multiple clamping means, which are movable relative to one another, in order to fix the first clamping means to the housing and/or for the purposes of release from the housing, and jointly transmitting the axial movement to the segments by means of a control surface or a conical surface.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
abutting a first clamping region, which is formed on a first of multiple clamping means, which are movable relative to one another, against radially inner sides of wire ends, arranged radially at the inside, of the wire ends protruding out of the grooves of the housing.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
radially moving a number of clamping fingers, provided correspondingly to the number of groups of wire ends to be clamped together and/or of grooves in the housing, in order to clamp the wire ends or for the purposes of releasing the clamping.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
clamping in each case one group of the wire ends between a first clamping means and in each case one radially movable clamping finger of a second clamping means.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
supporting clamping fingers, which are moving into a clamping position, against displacement in a circumferential direction or in an axial direction.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
supporting clamping fingers, which are moving into the clamping position, against displacement in a circumferential direction or in an axial direction by means of positively locking engagement of each clamping finger into one or on a complementary grasping unit.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
supporting clamping fingers, which are moving into the clamping position, against displacement in a circumferential direction or in an axial direction by means of positively locking engagement of a tip of each clamping finger of a second clamping means into a corresponding tip receptacle groove on a first clamping means.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
deforming the wire ends by abutment against bending formations or bending edges arranged on the clamping device.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
jointly and/or synchronously driving the radial movement of clamping fingers in order to clamp the wire ends.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
jointly guiding the radial movement of clamping fingers on a holding ring.
Step d) preferably comprises the following step:
receiving the two, three, four, five, six or more wire ends, which are to be clamped and which jointly emerge from a groove of the housing, in a receiving groove which is formed by adjacent clamping fingers at the free ends thereof, wherein the receiving groove is delimited, at one side running substantially in a radial direction and at one side running substantially in a circumferential direction, by one clamping finger, and at another side running substantially in a radial direction, by the other clamping finger, and is open at another side running substantially in a circumferential direction.
Step c) preferably comprises the following step:
c1) radially supporting at least some of the wire ends on a radially inner side and/or on a radially outer side during the bending process.
Step c1) preferably comprises the following steps:
axially moving at least one radial support means out from a retracted position into a supporting position before the bending process and axially moving the at least one radial support means in from the supporting position into a retracted position after the bending process.
A preferred field of use for the above-described devices, methods and uses according to the invention is the production of components, which are equipped with coils, of an electric machine, and, more particularly, the production of stators of electric machines, and, more particularly, the production of stators of electric motors which as traction motors for electric motor vehicles, in particular in the power range from 10 kW to 400 kW. The devices, the method and use of the present invention, and of the advantageous refinements thereof, are suitable and usable, in particular, in the field of the production of electric motors or other electric machines, for example generators, which are configured for high power, reliable operation and high efficiency. In particular, it is the intention to produce electric motors which are usable as traction motors of electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles and which have, for example, a nominal power of between 20 kW and 400 kW. For the construction of stators of such powerful electric machines, it is advantageous to provide as high a coil density as possible. In particular, for this purpose, so-called hairpins are inserted into grooves of a stator housing, which grooves have previously been lined with a groove insulator, in particular groove insulating paper. Subsequently, the free wire ends are shaped in a radial direction—flared/“flaring”—and shaped in a circumferential direction—“setting”—in order to form pairs of wire ends which are to be connected, in particular welded, to one another, such that closed coil windings can then be produced. Preferably, for this purpose, use is made of wires which are of not circular but rather rectangular form in cross section. The devices and methods and uses proposed here have the advantage that the bending can be performed in a more exact and more controlled manner.
In particular, the invention relates to a device for the shaping, directed in a circumferential direction, of bar-type conductors in electric machines.
During preferred production of stators, the conductors are firstly produced. These conductors are subsequently fitted into a laminated core. In the case of hairpins being used to produce the coils, wire ends then protrude at one end of the stator housing formed as a laminated core. Here, two, three, four or even more wire ends may also protrude closely adjacently to one another in each groove of the housing. For the further processing, it is advantageous for these conductor ends to be flared, for which purpose they are preferably firstly shaped in a radial direction. It is the intention for this process to be performed in an automated manner.
For the subsequent (automated) processes (in particular, setting and connecting of the wire ends to form coil windings), it is advantageous for the conductor ends to be shaped such that the position lies within a predefined tolerance range. From experience, the conductor ends can be particularly effectively shaped in a reproducible manner if they are braced at their free end and at the “foot” (top edge of the laminated core). The radial shaping of the conductor ends results in a shortening of the axial length. To avoid damage to the conductor ends, it is advantageous for the length compensation to be counterbalanced by means of a translational movement of the stator/shaping tool.
Preferred devices and methods according to the present invention can be particularly advantageously used on housings with the wire ends that have correspondingly been flared as described above. Preferred refinements of the invention are then preferably used for shaping the wire ends in a circumferential direction, preferably such that pairs of wire ends which are to be connected to one another can be formed, in order to thus close coil windings.
In combination with the clamping device according to one of the refinements mentioned above, a preferred refinement of the wire end shaping device makes possible the reproducible shaping of conductor ends, in particular by means of the individual processing of each conductor end.
The invention relates, in particular, to methods and devices for bending end portions of bar-type conductors, in particular of bar-type windings of electric machines.
In order to make the electrical interconnection of stators possible, in one process step in one advantageous refinement, the end portions of bar-type conductors are twisted. For this process step, the individual pins are firstly produced and fitted into a laminated core. In the case of a small spacing between the end portions of the bar-type conductors after the joining process, said end portions are preferably flared in a subsequent step in order to make precise twisting (setting) possible. Preferably, the end portions of the bar-type conductors are, for the flaring, shaped in a radial direction in order to produce a spacing between the individual conductors (flaring process).
In the case of stators, multiple conductors are arranged in one groove. Preferably, all conductors which lie on one radius after the flaring process are processed using one tool (in particular, arranged on a receiving and rotating unit). During this processing, all conductor ends are preferably firstly introduced into pockets of the tool and subsequently twisted (rotation of the tool about a central axis). This twisting causes a shortening of the bar-type conductors in an axial direction. To prevent a relative movement from occurring between the bar-type conductors and the tool (for example, setting crown) and damage being caused to the bar-type conductors or the insulation thereof, the stator or the tool (for example, the setting crown) is preferably caused to perform a follow-up movement in an axial direction. This movement follows a complex speed profile because the bar-type conductors are three-dimensionally deformed.
Preferably, radially adjacent bar-type conductors are twisted in opposite directions, such that at least two tools (for example, setting crowns) are used.
After the setting process, it is advantageous if all conductor ends have the same length in an axial direction (measured from the top edge of the laminated core). Owing to the different, radius-dependent deformation of the conductors during the setting process, it is preferable that the hairpins have a different length before the process. Accordingly, in the case of a housing of a stator before the flaring process, conductor ends preferably protrude to different lengths in a manner dependent on the radius—with increasing radius, the length in an axial direction also increases. In the case of a flared stator (the conductor ends have been radially shaped), the radial spacings between the wire ends have been increased, and the wire ends lie in predetermined tolerance ranges, such that the introduction into the pockets during an automated setting process is facilitated. A housing with wire ends that have been flared in a radial direction thus forms the preferred starting state for the setting process.
Devices and methods according to particularly preferred refinements of the invention offer, in particular, the advantages that a relative movement between the individual bar-type conductors and the setting tool can be prevented with a relatively simple mechanical structure in order to prevent damage to the conductors. For this purpose, it is preferable for each receiving and rotating unit (in particular, with setting crown) to follow a rotational and translational speed profile.
If all tools (for example, setting crowns) for the wire ends protruding with different radial positions were now to rotate at the same speed (and with the same starting time), a different axial stroke would be necessary, which would lead to a correspondingly complex mechanical structure for permitting the different axial stroke of the different tools.
In the case of preferred devices and methods according to the invention, different receiving and rotating units are moved with different speed profiles, such that it is merely necessary for the entire housing (for example, of a stator) to be axially moved—this is made possible with the individual angular speed of each receiving and rotating unit (for example, with setting crown).
Preferably, in order to prevent a relative movement and keep the number of drives low, the setting process is newly defined: the setting crowns or similar tools are moved only in rotation in order to make the twisting possible. The tools (for example, setting crowns) may be displaced into one another, such that the bending edge is situated at the same (axial) height in the case of all tools.
Preferably, the housing (for example, of a stator) is moved at a constant speed in an axial direction as far as the end position (after the setting process). In order to avoid the above-stated disadvantages, the tools (for example, setting crowns) are moved in rotation with an individual speed profile. In the case of an equal setting angle (twist angle), the conductors lying on a relatively large radius would, owing to their deformation, require a greater axial stroke than conductors on a relatively small radius. To adapt this, it is preferable if not the axial stroke for the different wire ends but rather the setting angle/twist angle is adapted.
In relation to the prior art, advantageous refinements of the invention make the individual movement of the individual tools (for example, setting crowns) possible with a small number of drives.
In the case of a preferred course of the relative axial movement between the housing and the bending device, the housing moves at a constant speed axially in the direction of the bending device (for example, with the setting crowns) proceeding from a time t0. Preferably, the outermost receiving and rotating unit (for example, with setting crown) K1 begins to rotate at a defined time t1.
The outermost receiving and rotating unit K1 furthermore preferably rotates with increasing speed in order to counterbalance the (axial) length compensation that arises as a result of the deformation, and in order to prevent a relative movement. As soon as the housing has reached a defined axial spacing, the closest receiving and rotating unit (for example, with a second setting crown) K2 situated further to the inside furthermore preferably begins to twist the conductors. The second receiving and rotating unit rotates preferably in the opposite direction to the first receiving and rotating unit K1.
The second receiving and rotating unit preferably begins to rotate with a higher starting speed than the first receiving and rotating unit.
The speed of the second receiving and rotating unit K2 preferably also increases.
In a preferred case in which the second receiving and rotating unit twists shorter wire ends than the first receiving and rotating unit, it is furthermore preferable that the speed of the second receiving and rotating unit K2 is higher than that of the first receiving and rotating unit K1. It is thus possible that, even in the case of a later starting time, the same twist angle has been passed through at the end of the setting process (tS). The further receiving and rotating units with the further crowns K3 and K4 preferably behave in a manner equivalent to that which has been described on the basis of the movement of the first and second receiving and rotating units.
In a preferred construction of the bending device, which is designed, for example, as a setting device, each of the setting crowns is driven by means of an NC axis (for example electric lifting cylinder). For example, six setting crowns are used
Particularly preferred refinements of the invention provide radial support of wire ends during the shaping in a circumferential direction. Advantageous features and advantages of such refinements will be discussed below.
Preferred refinements of the invention relate to a supplementation of the embodiments of a setting device discussed above. Radial support means, which are designed preferably as axially movable sleeves on the inner and outer sides, serve for the guidance of the hairpin in the setting process.
During the setting, if no inner radial support means—inner sleeve—is provided, there is the tendency for the wire ends to deform, as viewed in a radial direction, along the shortest path between stator and setting crown, that is to say, to change from the curved shape generated as a result of the preceding flaring to a substantially straight shape, owing to the tensile stress generated in the non-guided free wire ends as a result of the setting.
To at least partially prevent this, in preferred embodiments, the undesired deformation of the wire ends in a radial direction during the setting is limited by the inner sleeve.
Furthermore, during the setting, the outer wire has a tendency to buckle where the wire end enters the cutout of the setting tool. This is prevented by means of an outer radial support means—in particular outer sleeve.
The radial support improves the setting result such that the risk of the occurrence of wire damage in the setting process is further minimized, and the specifications with regard to structural space limitations can be even better adhered to.
A particularly advantageous approach for the shaping of the wire ends in a circumferential direction (setting) will be described below:
Since the positioning fingers of the positioning device are radially advanced directly above the setting crowns, that is to say, in the vicinity of the wire ends, it is advantageous for the guide sleeves to be axially moved, that is to say, moved in, after the setting and before the radial advancing of the positioning fingers.
In the case of a process which does not require the positioning fingers, an axial movement (inward movement) of the guide sleeves is not imperatively necessary.
It is, however, preferable for the inner sleeve to be designed to be movable or at least flexible in order to avoid gaps between the sleeve and the stator or the clamping device. This does not apply to the outer sleeve, because its region of action lies in the immediate vicinity of the setting tool and therefore a gap can be present in the direction of the stator, or is even advantageous owing to the displacement of the stator during the setting process. The inner sleeve is moved with a predetermined pressure, for example of 3-4 bar, against the stop, which in refinements of the invention is formed, for example, by the interior of the clamping device.
If, during the setting process, the spacing between setting device and stator or clamping device is reduced, the inner sleeve preferably correspondingly moves conjointly. By contrast, the outer sleeve preferably has a gap in the direction of the stator or clamping tool, and therefore does not need to be designed to be movable during the setting process.
A movable or flexible inner sleeve yields the following advantages:
despite the axially changing spacing of setting crowns and laminated core/clamping device during the setting process, the hairpins can be optimally guided at all times. This is preferably achieved by virtue of the inner sleeve being moved out and, during the setting process, being pushed axially downward by the clamping device with pressure reduction, that is to say being movable in a flexible manner, and not rigid.
For the purposes of automating a sub-process during the course of the production of a component, which is to be equipped with coils, of an electric machine, preferred refinements of the invention therefore provide a wire end shaping device for use during production of a component, which is equipped with coils, of an electric machine, for shaping wire ends which protrude from an annular housing of the component, comprising a bending device for bending wire ends in a circumferential direction, a relative movement device for moving the housing and the bending device in a relative manner in an axial direction, and a control unit. Here, the receiving and rotating units, which receive the wire ends, of the bending device are held so as to be axially static relative to one another, wherein differences in length compensation and/or in a turning angle of the wire ends are handled by means of different movement profiles of the rotational movements of the receiving and rotating units. A component production device and a wire end shaping method are also described.
According to a further aspect, the invention also provides a computer program product, with program commands which, when loaded onto a computer, in particular a control unit of a wire shaping device, activate the wire shaping device to carry out one of the methods according to the appended claims.
The device according to one or more of the appended device claims is designed for carrying out a method according to one or more of the appended method claims. The method according to one or more of the appended method claims can be performed by means of a device according to one or more of the appended device claims.
Although specific exemplary embodiments are described for the purposes of explaining the invention, further exemplary embodiments are disclosed to a person skilled in the art by this in that one or more of the described features may be omitted or replaced by alternative means.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be discussed in more detail below on the basis of the appended drawings, in which:
The component production device 10 is, in particular, suitable for producing a stator of an electric machine. The stator is configured to be used, in particular, as a stator of a traction motor of an electric vehicle, preferably in the power range from 20 kW to 400 kW. For this purpose, the stator should be provided with as large as possible a number of coils, wherein the coils may be produced from so-called hairpins 12.
In the illustrated embodiment, the component production device 10 has a wire end shaping device 14 and preferably one or more or all of the additional stations mentioned in more detail below.
The component production device 10 preferably has a housing production device 16 for producing a housing 18 of the component, which is designed and configured, for example, as a stator. The housing production device 16 is, for example, designed and configured in a fundamentally known manner to produce the housing 18 as a laminated core from individual laminations, wherein the housing 18 is of annular form and, on an inner wall region, is equipped with a series of housing grooves 20 which are formed so as to be distributed over the inner wall and which serve for receiving wire segments.
The component production device 10 preferably has a device 22 for producing groove insulators, by means of which the individual housing grooves 20 are equipped with a groove insulator 24, preferably composed of insulating paper. The device for producing groove insulators 22 is preferably designed and configured in the manner described in more detail in the German patent application DE 10 2017 129 474.0, wherein, for further details, reference is expressly made to said German patent application DE 10 2017 129 474.0 which is incorporated herein by reference.
The component production device 10 furthermore has a hairpin production device 26 for producing the hairpins 12. The hairpin production device 26 may, for example, have cutting devices (not illustrated) for cutting wire pieces from a wire coil and bending devices (not illustrated in any more detail) for bending the hairpin 12 into a roof-shaped bend and/or kinked bend and/or 3-dimensional bend.
The component production device 10 preferably has a pre-positioning device 28 for pre-positioning the hairpin 12 and a hairpin insertion device 30 for inserting the thus pre-positioned hairpin 12 into the housing grooves 20 of the housing 18.
Possible embodiments of the pre-positioning device 28 and of the hairpin insertion device 30 are presented and described in more detail in the German patent application DE 10 2017 113 617.7, which is incorporated herein by reference for further details.
As indicated at the hairpin production device 26, the hairpins 12 have a bent winding head 32 and two free wire ends 34, wherein said hairpins are equipped with an insulator, for example a plastics coating, at each wire end 34, with the exception of the outermost end region. After the hairpin insertion by means of the hairpin insertion device 30, the wire ends 34 protrude from the housing grooves 20 at one end of the housing 18.
The wire end shaping device 14 serves for performing a flaring process, in which the individual wire ends 34 are flared in a radial direction, and for performing a setting process, wherein the thus flared wire ends 34 are shaped in a circumferential direction in order to thus each form pairs of wire ends 34 which are to be connected to one another.
For this purpose, the wire end shaping device 14 has a radial wire end shaping device 36 and a circumferential wire end shaping device 38.
The component production device 10 may furthermore have a preloading and/or fixing device 40 for preloading and/or fixing the individual pairs of wire ends 34. An exemplary embodiment of the preloading and fixing device 40 is presented and described in the German patent application DE 10 2017 114 932.5, which is incorporated herein by reference for further details.
The component production device 10 may furthermore comprise a wire end cutting device 42 for cutting the wire ends braced and fixed by means of the preloading and/or fixing device 40.
An exemplary embodiment of the component production device 10 furthermore has a wire end welding device 44 for welding the wire ends 34 which are to be connected to one another to form the coils.
Furthermore, the component production device 10 may comprise devices 46 for electrically contacting the coils thus formed by the hairpins 12 and/or for testing and/or potting the stator thus formed.
Exemplary embodiments of the wire end shaping device 14 of the component production device 10 will be discussed in more detail below.
In the case of the component production device 10 as per the exemplary embodiment illustrated in
A wire end shaping method is subsequently carried out by means of the wire end shaping device 14. The initial state for the wire end shaping method is illustrated in
In this regard,
For the automated processes that follow the flaring process, the wire ends 34a-34d should be shaped such that the position thereof lies within a predefined tolerance range. In order that the wire ends 34a-34d can be shaped in a reproducible manner, they are braced at their free end and at the foot—the upper edge of the housing 18.
For this purpose, a clamping device 50 is provided, exemplary embodiments of which are illustrated in
An exemplary embodiment of the wire end shaping device 14 is schematically illustrated in
The illustrated wire end shaping device 14 has at least two stations, a first station for the radial shaping of the wire ends 34a-34d and a second station for the shaping of the wire ends 34, 34a-34d in the circumferential direction. These two stations are referred to here as radial wire end shaping device 36 and circumferential wire end shaping device 38.
The radial wire end shaping device 36 has a radial bending device 52 for bending the wire ends 34, 34a-34d in the radial direction.
The circumferential wire end shaping device 38 has a circumferential bending device 54 for the shaping of the wire ends 34, 34a-34d, which have preferably already been radially flared, in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, both stations 36, 38 each have the clamping device 50.
Preferably, the wire end shaping devices 14, 36, 38 each have a relative movement device 56, 58 for moving the housing 18 relative to the respective bending device 52, 54 in an axial direction. In this regard, the “axial direction” is to be understood to mean a movement in a direction along the central axis of the annular housing 18. The radial direction and the circumferential direction are also each defined in relation to this central axis of the housing 18.
A first relative movement device 56 is formed together with the radial bending device 52 and the clamping device 50 at the radial wire end shaping device 36. A second relative movement device 58 is formed together with the circumferential bending device 54 and the clamping device 50 at the circumferential wire end shaping device 38. Furthermore, the wire end shaping device 14 has a transport device 60 for transporting the housing 18 from the radial wire end shaping device 36 to the circumferential wire end shaping device 38 and a control device 62 for controlling the individual units of the wire end shaping device 14.
The transport device 60 may be designed and configured in any form. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the transport device 60 has a type of carousel with multiple arms, on which the relative movement devices 56, 58 are formed. The transport device 60 and the relative movement devices 56, 58 may be formed by a robot or a portal machine.
The relative movement devices 56, 58 each have a housing holder 64, on which the housing 18 is held with downwardly directed protruding wire ends 34, 34a-34d, and a housing holder drive 66, by means of which the housing holder 64 is movable in a driven manner relative to the respective bending device 52, 54 in an axial direction. In other refinements, which are presently less preferred, the housing 18 is held in a static manner, and the bending device 54 or 56 is moved axially.
The control device 62 has a first controller for controlling the radial wire end shaping device 36, which first controller activates the housing holder drive 66 of the first relative movement device 56 and the radial bending device 52. Furthermore, the control device 62 has a second controller 70 which activates the housing holder drive 66 of the second relative movement device 58 and the circumferential bending device 54. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the control device 62 has a third controller 72 which activates the transport device 60. The control device 62 may be provided locally at the wire end shaping device 14 or may also be a part of a central controller (not illustrated) of the component production device 10. The individual control devices 68, 70, 72 may be implemented in hardware or software form.
The clamping device 50 is preferably used both during the radial shaping of the wire ends in the radial wire end shaping device 36 and during the shaping of the wire ends 34, 34a-34d in the circumferential direction in the circumferential wire end shaping device 38. For this purpose, the clamping device 50 may be transported onward, together with the housing 18, from the radial wire end shaping device 36 to the circumferential wire end shaping device 38 by means of the transport device 60. The clamping device 50 may, for example, also be attached to, or be part of, the housing holder 64. In some embodiments, the clamping device 50 is provided as a separate component.
As illustrated in
As indicated in
The first clamping means 74 is preferably arranged partially in the interior of the housing 18 and is furthermore preferably supported against inner wall regions 78 (see
The second clamping means 76 is movable relative to the first clamping means 74 in order to clamp wire ends 34, 34a-34d between the clamping devices 74, 76. It is preferable here for all wire ends 34, 34a-34d which jointly protrude from a housing groove 20 to be clamped between the clamping devices 74, 76.
A first exemplary embodiment of the clamping device 50 will be discussed in more detail below on the basis of
In this embodiment, the first clamping means 74 is of disk-shaped or annular form. The first clamping means 74 has an annular disk body 80 which is fitted with a first subregion into the housing and which is preferably supported against, or fixed relative to, the inner wall regions 78. For this purpose, the annular disk body 80 may, for example, be axially braced in the annular housing 18 by means of a counter-bracing element (not illustrated in any more detail) on the opposite end of the housing. For example, the counter-bracing element may be formed as part of the housing holder 64. A further subregion of the annular disk body 80 protrudes, as indicated in
The second clamping means 76 has a number of collar support tools in the form of clamping fingers 86. Furthermore, the second clamping means 76 has, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a holding ring 87 on which the clamping fingers 86 are received so as to be guided in a jointly and synchronously driven and radially displaceable manner.
The clamping fingers 86 are each of bar-like form and are received with a region in the holding ring 87. The clamping device may be designed and configured, for example, as a manual device without a drive. Here, the clamping fingers 86 are moved manually. In the embodiment illustrated in
Furthermore, the clamping fingers 86 may be equipped with spring elements which are not illustrated in any more detail here, for example in each case one pressure spring per clamping finger 86, which spring elements ensure a uniform contact pressure of the clamping fingers 86.
As can be seen most clearly from
At the inwardly directed ends, the clamping fingers 86 have an engagement end in the form of a conically tapering tip 96, which is designed and configured for engaging into the cutout 84.
Furthermore, each clamping finger 86 has, at its free end, a step 98 which is delimited at one side by the conically tapering tip 96 and which is delimited at a side extending transversely with respect thereto by the rod element 90, which is of thicker form.
That edge of the step 98 which is to be arranged so as to be averted from the housing 18 and which extends in the circumferential direction and which is formed on the rod element 90 is rounded in order to form a first bending formation 100. Likewise, an edge which is to be arranged so as to be averted from the housing 18 and which extends in the radial direction is formed at the tip 96 in order to form a bending formation 102, 104 for the setting process. This applies both to the edge in the region of the step 98 and to the edge on the other side of the tip 96, which thus likewise forms a rounded bending formation 104 for the setting process.
In the clamping position illustrated in
The second embodiment of the clamping device 50 will be discussed in more detail below on the basis of
The second embodiment may be used, in particular, where little space is available for the insertion and fastening of the first clamping means 74.
For this purpose, instead of the annular disk body 80, an arrangement of several radially movable segments 112 has been provided, which are guided movably in a radial direction between a main body 114 and an annular disk 116 and which can be driven by means of a conical drive element 120, which can be moved axially by means of a drive thread 118. The upper edge, illustrated in
In both of the embodiments of the clamping devices 50 illustrated here, the wire ends 34a-34d then protrude from each housing groove 20 beyond the clamping device 50, as indicated in
An exemplary embodiment of the radial bending device 52 will be discussed in more detail below on the basis of the illustrations in
The embodiment of the radial bending device 52 illustrated in
For this purpose, on the base plate 124, there are provided displacement guides, for example in the form of a displacement rail 136, which displacement guides extend in a radial direction. In each case one gripper carriage 138 is guided displaceably on the displacement guide. On the gripper carriage 138, a first gripping jaw 140 and a second gripping jaw 142 are guided so as to be displaceable relative to one another in a tangential direction. For example, a guide block 144 with a first guide groove 146 for guiding the gripping jaw 140 and a second guide groove 148 for guiding the second gripping jaw 142 are formed on the gripper carriage 138. Furthermore, each gripper unit 134 has a jaw drive unit which is not illustrated in any more detail in the drawings. The jaw drive units of all gripping jaws may be driveable synchronously by means of a common drive means which is likewise not illustrated in any more detail. Alternatively, the jaws of all, a group of or individual grippers 132 may be driveable individually, for example by means of electric motors. The jaw drive means or the jaw drive units are likewise activatable by means of the first controller 68.
As also emerges from
As can be seen most clearly from
As can be seen from
That part of the wire end shaping method which leads to the flaring of the wire ends (the bending of the wire ends 34a-34d from the position illustrated in
Firstly, the housing 18 passing from the hairpin insertion device 30 is fixed, by means of the wire ends 34 protruding from the housing grooves 20, on the housing holder 64, and the clamping device 50 is fixed to the housing 18 such that the clamping device 50 is arranged between the housing 18 and the radial bending device 52. More specifically, the clamping device 50 is arranged at the end of the housing 18, wherein the wire ends 34a-34d which jointly protrude from a housing groove 20 are clamped, in each case, jointly between one of the clamping fingers 86 and the first clamping means 74. The corresponding receiving groove 106 of the clamping device 50 is, in this case, designed and configured such that the groove insulator 24 which protrudes with its end remains protected.
Then, the housing 18 is, by means of the first relative movement device 56, moved with the downwardly projecting protruding wire ends 34a-34d axially in the direction of the radial bending device 52.
Initially, by corresponding relative adjustment between base plate 124 and drive plate 128, all of the grippers 132 have been moved into the position in which they have been moved furthest to the outside. The wire ends 34, 34a-34d which protrude further downward beyond the clamping device 50 are moved into the space radially within the grippers 132. The base plate 124 is positioned such that each gripper 132 is aligned centrally with respect to a housing groove 20. In the embodiment illustrated, fewer grippers 132 are provided than there are housing grooves 20. For example, 64 housing grooves are provided, but only 8 grippers. Preferably, for the number nGN of housing grooves and the number nGr of grippers 132, the following applies: nGN=M×nGr, where M, nGN and nGr are natural numbers.
Thus, firstly, the wire ends 34a-34d protruding from a subgroup of the housing grooves 20 are radially flared.
For this purpose, the first controller 68 activates the drive plate drive means 130 such that the grippers 132 are displaced, with gripper jaws 140, 142 moved apart from one another, to the height of the first wire ends 34a arranged radially furthest to the outside. Subsequently, the jaw drive means is activated in order to move the gripper jaws 140, 142 toward one another and thus grasp the first wire ends 34a by means of the grippers 132. With the gripper jaws 140 moved together, the drive plate drive means 130 is then driven by the first controller 68 such that the grippers 132 move radially outward along the displacement rail 136 to a predetermined extent in order to thus bend the first wire ends 34a radially outward. Here, the first rounded bending formation 100 gives rise to reproducible bending of the first wire ends 34a. At the same time, the first relative movement device 56 is activated in order to compensate the relative position between housing 18 and radial bending device 52 in accordance with the change, which can be set during the bending process, in the extent of the first wire ends 34 in an axial direction.
Subsequently, the gripping jaws 140, 142 are moved apart, and the grippers 132 are moved, by activation of the drive plate drive means 130, to the radial position of the second wire segments 48b, while, at the start of the bending of the second wire ends 34b, the axial relative position is set to a value specific for the second wire end. The second wire ends 34b are then correspondingly clamped and/or held in positively locking fashion by virtue of the gripping jaws 140 being moved together, and are bent outward to a determined, smaller extent than the first wire ends 34a by virtue of the grippers 132 being moved radially outward. Here, too, it is in turn the case that the axial relative position is readjusted in accordance with the change in the axial extent of the second wire ends 34b.
This process is then repeated for the third wire end 34c. In one embodiment, the fourth wire end 34d remains in the original position. In another embodiment, the fourth wire end 34d is also bent outward to a small extent in order to also ensure positioning of the fourth wire end in a narrow tolerance range. Bending inward, at least of some wire ends, for example of the innermost wire ends 34d, is however basically also possible.
Subsequently, the grippers 132 move back into the radially outermost position, and the base plate drive means 126 is subsequently driven by the first controller 68 in order to rotate the base plate 124 to a certain extent until the grippers 132 have been set to the center of the next adjacent housing groove 20. Here, the process of the flaring is then repeated again starting from the first, radially outermost wire end 34a to the third wire end 34c or possibly to the fourth wire end 34d.
In the embodiment illustrated here, where the number nGr of grippers 132 is one eighth of the number nGN of housing grooves 20, the flaring process is ended after an eightfold adjustment of the base plate 124.
In other embodiments, not four but some other number of wire ends 34a-34d is provided per housing groove 20. In these embodiments, too, the flaring is performed analogously to the example discussed on the basis of the example with four wire ends 34a-34d per housing groove 20.
Possible embodiments of the circumferential bending device 54 will be discussed in more detail on the basis of the illustrations in
Here,
Each drive means 164a-164f has an annular drive element 166a-166f, which is mounted so as to be rotatable about the common axis of rotation, and an actuator 168a-168f for driving the drive element 166a-166f in rotation. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the drive elements 166a-166f are designed and configured as annular disk elements with an arm, wherein the actuators 168a-168f are designed and configured as linear drives, for example in the form of electric spindle drives.
Furthermore, each drive element 166a-166f is rotatably mounted on an annular support disk 170a-170f fastened in a static manner. The actuators 168a-168f are mounted on machine frames 172 so as to be static relative to the annular support disks 170a-170f. The annular support disks 170a-170f are fastened jointly to fastening columns 174. Thus, the drive elements 166a-166f, and the receiving and rotating units 162a-162f fastened thereto in a manner to be discussed in more detail below, are duly also rotatable relative to one another about a common axis of rotation, but are held so as to be static relative to one another in an axial direction. Only a rotary drive (first to sixth drive means 164a-164f), but no separate axial drive, is necessary.
Thus, the first receiving and rotating unit 162a is designed and configured for receiving the first wire ends 34a arranged radially furthest to the outside, wherein all first wire ends 34a of all housing grooves 20 can be grasped and can be bent in the circumferential direction by rotation of the first receiving and rotating unit 162a. The second receiving and rotating unit 162b is designed and configured for receiving all second wire ends 34b which protrude from all housing grooves 20. For the wire end shaping process, the second receiving and rotating unit 162b is turned in the opposite direction to the first receiving and rotating unit 162a until such time as the first wire ends 34a from one of the next housing grooves 20 come to lie at the same circumferential position as some of the second wire ends 34b, such that pairs of wire ends 34a, 34b which are to be connected to one another come to lie adjacent to one another. The third receiving and rotating unit 162c serves for receiving and bending the third wire ends 34c in the circumferential direction, and the fourth receiving and rotating unit 162d serves for receiving and bending the fourth wire ends 34d.
The circumferential bending device 54 illustrated here also has a fifth and a sixth receiving and rotating unit 162e and 162f, such that fifth and sixth wire ends could also be bent. To produce the stator of which a precursor is illustrated in
The bending of the wire ends 34a-34d in the circumferential direction is performed, in each case, with opposite directions of rotation for the wire ends 34a/34b, 34b/34c, 34c/34d which are arranged adjacent to one another in a housing groove 20, specifically to such an extent that, with an adjacent wire end from one of the next housing grooves 20, in each case one pair for connection can be produced such that multiple continuous coil windings are realized. Here, the, in each case, outer wire ends 34a must, owing to the greater circumference at the outer side, be bent over a greater distance than the wire ends 34d arranged, in each case, right at the inside.
Therefore, the hairpins 12 are preferably already produced and/or inserted into the housing 18 such that, as illustrated in
During the bending of the wire ends 34a-34d by rotation of the corresponding receiving and rotating unit 162a-162d, the respective axial extent of the wire end 34a-34d, which is bent progressively further, shortens owing to the bending process.
Therefore, during the setting process in the circumferential wire end shaping device 38, the second relative movement device 58 is correspondingly readjusted in order to compensate the length compensation. The corresponding activation is performed by means of the second controller 70, which both activates all drive means 164a-164f, and thus, via the actuators 168a-168f, the drive elements 166a-166f, and also activates the second relative movement device 58.
Here, there are different resulting movement profiles K1, K2, K3, K4 for the wire ends 34a-34d of different length and the different distances of the bending in the circumferential direction for the respective wire ends 34a-34d with different radial spacing to the housing central axis.
Instead of now providing a separate movement in an axial direction for each receiving and rotating means 160a-160f for the different length compensation, the rotational movement of the individual receiving and rotating units 162a-162f is controlled differently such that, in a manner dependent on the relative movement between housing 18 and circumferential bending device 54, and in a manner dependent on the axial change in length resulting from the bending of the respective wire ends 34a-34d in the circumferential direction, the rotational movement of each receiving and rotating unit 162a-162f is individually activated such that, in the receiving holes 176, there is no resulting relative movement between the respective end region of the wire end 34a-34d and the receiving hole 176.
Greatly simplified examples for corresponding movement profiles K1-K4 are illustrated in
As can be seen from
The first wire ends 34a are, after the previously discussed flaring process, situated at the radial height of the annular arrangement of receiving holes 176 of the first receiving and rotating unit 162a, and are, shortly before the time t1, moved with their end regions to a certain extent into the receiving holes 176. Here, the time t1 is selected such that an adequately long end region of the first wire ends 34a has been moved into the receiving holes 176 of the first receiving and rotating unit 162a. This is followed, as illustrated in the curve K1, by the start of a rotational movement of the first receiving and rotating unit 162a in the first direction of rotation (positive axis of
Shortly before the time t2, the end regions of the second wire ends 34b move into the receiving holes 176 of the second receiving and rotating unit 162b until, at the time t2, said end regions have been moved in to a sufficient extent. At this time t2, the rotation of the second receiving and rotating unit 162b in the opposite direction of rotation to the rotation of the first receiving and rotating unit 162a (negative region in
It is clear from
During the bending of the wire ends 34a-34d in the circumferential direction by means of the circumferential bending device 54, as discussed above, the clamping device 50 is furthermore arranged between the housing 18 and the bending device 54. The second rounded bending formation 102 on the clamping fingers 86 acts here as a bending formation for those wire ends 34a-34c which are to be bent in one direction of rotation, and the third rounded bending formation 104 on the clamping fingers 86 acts here as a bending formation for those wire ends 34b, 34d which are to be shaped in the other direction of rotation. Owing to the clamping device 50, the position of the wire ends 34a-34d is also maintained in a defined manner during the shaping of the wire ends 34a-34d in the circumferential direction. The shaping is performed in a highly reproducible manner. Furthermore, the groove insulators 24 are protected.
After the completion of the wire end shaping process (setting), the clamping device 50 is removed again, for which purpose, firstly, the clamping fingers 86 are moved radially outward and thus moved out of the intermediate spaces between the wire ends 34a-34d; subsequently, the clamping device 50 can be released from the housing 18, and removed from the housing 18 in an axial direction.
The housing with the shaped wire ends 34a-34d is then transported onward to the next station in the component production device 10, for example to a preloading and/or fixing device 40, where the pairs of wire ends are captured and/or braced together for the purposes of carrying out cutting and welding processes.
As discussed above, for the shaping of the wire ends 34a-34d, the end regions thereof are pushed axially into an annular arrangement of receiving holes 176 and then set by turning of the annular arrangement.
The receiving holes 176 are preferably formed on so-called setting crowns 180a-180f which, in the case of automated mass production of stators, are correspondingly highly loaded and should therefore be serviced and/or exchanged from time to time.
The particular configuration of preferred exemplary embodiments for the circumferential bending device 54, which permit easy exchange and/or easy assembly and disassembly of the receiving and rotating units 162a-162f, will be discussed below on the basis of the illustrations in
Here, the first to sixth drive elements 166a-166f are arranged one above the other, wherein the first drive element 166a is arranged at the very top, and the sixth drive element 166f is arranged at the very bottom, and the remaining drive elements 166b-166e are arranged in a distributed manner in between. Correspondingly, the cylinder-shell-shaped regions 184a-184f have different extents in an axial direction, wherein the first cylinder-shell-shaped region 184a is that region with the shortest axial extent, and the sixth cylinder-shell-shaped region 184f is that which has the longest axial extent. The sixth cylinder-shell-shaped region has the smallest outer circumference, which is dimensioned so as to just fit into the inner circumference of the fifth cylinder-shell-shaped region 184e. The fourth cylinder-shell-shaped region 184d is arranged around this; the first cylinder-shell-shaped region 184a is arranged at the very outside; the remaining cylinder-shell-shaped regions 184c are arranged in between.
As can be seen most clearly from
As can be seen most clearly from
The drive-side elements 194a-194f are formed as projections which protrude inwardly at the inner circumference of the annular drive elements 196a-196f and which are in the form of screw-attachment flanges with threaded bores, the axial height of which corresponds to the second half of the axial extent of the annular flange 186a-186f. The connecting elements 196a-196f are formed predominantly by threaded screws, which can be screwed with the threaded shank thereof into the threaded bores of the drive-side bridge elements 194a-194f, wherein the screw heads of said threaded screws bear against the rims of the bores of the output-side bridge elements 192a and can be engaged from above by means of a tool engagement portion. One of the connecting elements, for example that which is in the region of an arm, is designed and configured differently, for example is formed by a projection on one of the bridge elements 192a-f, 194a-f and a complementary set-back portion on the other of the bridge elements, in order to thus ensure a predetermined relative position.
As shown by a comparison of
As can be seen from
To exchange these setting crowns 180a-180f, a disassembly and assembly method is performed which will be discussed in more detail below on the basis of the illustrations in
Here,
The second controller 70 includes a disassembly mode and assembly mode, by means of which the individual drive elements 166a-166f are individually movable for movement into a respective disassembly position.
This is illustrated in
After the removal of the second connecting elements 196b, the second receiving and rotating means 160b can be removed by displacement in an upward axial direction, wherein the second output-side bridge elements 192b can be guided through the first passages 198a between the first drive-side bridge elements 194a of the first drive element 160a. Subsequently, the second drive element 166b is also moved into the disassembly position, wherein the first and the second drive-side bridge elements 194a, 194b align with one another and the third connecting elements 196c are accessible through the first and second passages 198a, 198b. After removal of the third connecting elements, the third receiving and rotating unit 162c can be removed upward in an axial direction, wherein the third output-side bridge elements 192c are guided through the corresponding first and second passages 198a, 198b between the corresponding drive-side bridge elements 194a, 194b of the first and second drive element 166a, 166b. This process can be repeated for the removal of the further receiving and rotating means 160d-160f.
The assembly of the new receiving and rotating means 160f-160a is then performed correspondingly in the reverse sequence, wherein the process is commenced with the sixth receiving and rotating means 160f while the first to fifth drive elements 166a-e are in the disassembly position.
A yet further embodiment of the circumferential wire end shaping device 38 will be discussed below on the basis of
The mode of operation of such a radial support means 210 will be discussed in more detail in
If the shaping, also referred to here as setting, of the wire end 34 in the circumferential direction is now performed, then the wire end 34 has the tendency, indicated by dotted lines in
To prevent this, the circumferential bending device 54 has at least one radial support means 210 which radially supports the wire end during the setting, such that the shape in the radial direction, shown by solid lines, is maintained.
In particular, the embodiment of the circumferential bending device 54 shown in
The sleeves 212, 214 are formed as annular sleeves with a circular circumference and an axis of symmetry which coincides with the axis of rotation of the receiving and rotating units 162a-162f. The sleeves 212, 214 are movable between the retracted position and the supporting position, for example hydraulically or pneumatically, and in a manner controlled by the second controller 70. The movement from the retracted position into the supporting position is performed with a predetermined maximum pressure, for example of 3 to 4 bar, such that the movement is stopped when the maximum pressure is reached in the event of impacting against an abutment or against an obstruction. As a result, at least the inner sleeve 212 is of flexible design.
The outer radial support means 210b formed as an outer sleeve 214 lies, in the supporting position, radially at the outside against wire ends 34, 34a, such that outward bulging of the wire ends 34, 34b is prevented.
The radial support means 210, 210a, 210b are controlled such that, firstly, the retracted position illustrated in
Subsequently, the radial support means 210, 210a, 210b are in turn moved into the retracted position shown in
While at least one exemplary embodiment of the present invention(s) is disclosed herein, it should be understood that modifications, substitutions and alternatives may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the exemplary embodiment(s). In addition, in this disclosure, the terms “comprise” or “comprising” do not exclude other elements or steps, the terms “a” or “one” do not exclude a plural number, and the term “or” means either or both. Furthermore, characteristics or steps which have been described may also be used in combination with other characteristics or steps and in any order unless the disclosure or context suggests otherwise. This disclosure hereby incorporates by reference the complete disclosure of any patent or application from which it claims benefit or priority.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102018103929.8 | Feb 2018 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2019/100162 | 2/20/2019 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
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| 102018103100 | Jan 2019 | DE |
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