The invention relates to an arrangement for the production of a roof tile with at least one water stop according to the preamble of patent claim 1 as well as a method for the production of such roof tiles according to the preamble of patent claim 22.
In the production of roof tiles according to the extrusion method onto a strand or extrusion line of abutting subforms of equal length delivered at constant speed is applied a green concrete layer as an endless band, which is shaped on the top side by forming tools corresponding to the surface contour conventional for roof tiles. The continuously applied green concrete layer is subsequently cut by means of a cutting tool developed as a blade at each end of each subform in a cutting station, such that each subform carries a single roof tile blank (DE 35 22 846 A1 and DE 22 52 047 C3).
In DE 35 22 846 A1 the additional measure is taken that the roof tile blank disposed on its subform is subsequently cured in a drying chamber and, after it is cured, is provided with a surface coating.
Known is a cleaning roof slab with metal particulates for keeping building roofs clean, in particular for preventing fouling, which are provided, in the direction of water drainage, at least in the lower region of the plate surface (DE 297 05 738 U1). These metal particulates are set in their upright position into the surface of the plate.
In order to roof a pitched roof with such roof tiles such that it is tight against driving rain, it is necessary that the roof tiles adjacent in a ridge-to-eaves line are placed such that they overlap. The particular length of overlap is herein dependent on the particular slope of the roof, i.e. in the case of a roof with very steep slope, the overlap can be less than in the case of a roof with very low slope.
However, construction measures have been taken in which the roof tile is provided on its underside at the foot-end margin with foot ribs extending transversely. The subforms known from DE 35 22 846 A1 are, for example, fitted out with recesses at their transverse margins, such that the green concrete pressed into these recesses forms suspension flanges at the head-end margin of the roof tile blank, and, at the foot-end margin, forms foot ribs extending transversely. In this way during the roofing the ridge-side roof tile can be hooked with its suspension flanges onto a roof batten and with its foot ribs be placed onto the surface of the roof tile adjacent in the direction of the eaves. Due to the foot ribs, in the region of overlap of the roof tiles a type of labyrinth is herein formed which counteracts the rain water from being driven into the roof.
However, the use of these roof tiles is problematic in the case of roofs having a slope of less than 22°, since, due to the low slope of the roof, a very large overlap length of the roof tiles is required. Between ridge and eaves, consequently, a very large number of parallel roof tile rows must be emplaced. Due to such large requirement of roof tiles and the preparation of a roof batten construction adapted to the number of roof tiles, the material and labor costs are considerably increased. Buildings with very low roof slopes are therefore frequently roofed with large-format, less expensive and lighter roofing materials, such as for example sheet metal or fiber-cement slabs.
A change has therefore taken place toward providing the roof tiles with a water stop on their top side in the region of their head-end margin, which stop prevents heavy rain from being driven into the roof. In this way the overlapping of the roof tiles can be markedly decreased, such that the material and labor costs are reduced.
Thus, a roof tile based on concrete or synthetic material is known in which transversely to the longitudinal direction, starting from the longitudinal beading, over and beyond the first corrugation trough and the first corrugation as well as over the second corrugation trough up to the level of the second corrugation, at a distance of the minimal coverage of the superjacent roof tile, a security dam is formed on against splashback water, driving rain or drifting snow (DE 1 838 431 U).
A roof slab is furthermore known with opposing side faces and with at least one sealing strip disposed on at least one side face of the slab and extending beyond it (AT 27 842 B). The slab is adapted such that it can be so disposed that it partially overlaps an adjoining slab and is itself partially overlapped by an adjoining slab, the roof beneath forming a repository and the strip being implemented such that it forms a barrier when clamped between the side surface of the roof slab and the opposing side surface of the adjoining roof slab. The sealing strip is formed of a strip of perpendicular synthetic fibers.
DE 18 12 456 A1 and DE 25 08 551 A1 describe methods suitable for providing the roof tile blank supported on their subforms with a water stop. In both methods, first, a water stop is formed from separately supplied green concrete, which water stop is subsequently pressed or adhered in the region of the head-end margin onto the top side of the roof tile blank. The water stop is herein relatively wide in order to ensure, on the one hand, sufficient dimensional stability and, on the other hand, a material closure connection over a large area.
However, the roof tiles fitted out according to the above methods with a water stop have the disadvantage that, due to the use of different green concretes, between the roof tile and the water stop a weakening joint site is formed, which is susceptible to impact and tends toward the development of cracks.
To eliminate this shortcoming, a change was proposed according to GB 664010 toward forming onto the head-end margin of the roof tile blank the water stop during the cutting of the green concrete strand into individual roof tile blanks. Roof tile blank and water stop are therefore comprised of the same green concrete. In this way a good connection between water stop and roof tile can be attained.
However, of disadvantage when forming the water stop directly onto the head-end margin of the roof tile blank is that the suspension flanges on the underside of the roof tile blank must be disposed at a distance from the head-end margin in order to ensure stackability of the roof tiles. For the production of roof tiles with a water stop according to GB 664010 a separate set of subforms is therefore required, and the spacing of the suspension flanges from the head-end margin leads to a considerable reduction of the cover length of the roof tiles.
The invention therefore addresses the problem of providing an arrangement as well as a method for inserting at least one water stop into a roof tile.
The problem is solved according to the features of patent claims 1 and 22.
The invention consequently relates to an arrangement and a method for providing a roof tile with at least one water stop. With the arrangement it becomes feasible to press a water stop comprised of a material differing from that of the roof tile into a roof tile blank. After it has been pressed in, the water stop is disposed in the proximity of the watercourse, of the central brim and of the lateral beading with its edges partially in the material of the roof tile blank.
According to the invention a water stop, implemented in the form of a small plate, is utilized which is pressed into the roof tile blank. The water stop herein partially penetrates with its edges in the proximity of the watercourse, of the central brim and the lateral beading into the compacted green concrete of the roof tile blank such that, after the roof tile blank has cured, the water stop is mechanically held by the encompassing concrete, whereby the reliable and permanent securement of the water stop is attained.
During the roofing, each of the water stops of the roof tiles are overlapped in an eaves-side row by the foot ribs of the roof tiles in a ridge-side row. The overlap of the roof tiles generated, herein depends, in addition to the roof slope, also on the width of the water stop. In comparison with DE 18 12 456 A1 and DE 25 08 551 A1, the undesirable overlap due to the water stop is minimized by implementing the water stop in the form of a small plate. The thickness of the material of the water stop should be less than 3 mm. However, since the water stop requires sufficient rigidity in order to be pressed into the compacted green concrete, the material thickness should be more than 0.25 mm. The water stop should further be produced of corrosion-resistant material.
In the method according to the invention, in contrast to GB 664010, the water stop is pressed in at a desired distance from the head-end margin of the roof tile blank, whereby the suspension flanges on the underside of the roof tile blank can retain their optimal position at the head-end margin, such that in the case of the roof tiles produced according to the invention the full cover length can be utilized. Since the roof tiles can be produced on conventional subforms, high investment costs become unnecessary and the method according to the invention can be optionally integrated into a roof tile ring.
The arrangement according to the invention can be disposed, for example, in a roof tile ring directly behind the roof tile machine, such that the subforms with the roof tile blanks supported thereon are supplied continuously. In this case the setting arrangement not only carries out a relative movement in the direction of the surface of the roof tile blank, but rather it is additionally moved at the same rate as the subforms and parallel to them. In this way the green concrete of the roof tile blank is not amassed while the water stop is pressed in, and a production cycle of more than 120 roof tiles per minute can be realized.
However, alternatively, the roof tile blanks can also be removed from the roof tile ring and be fed discontinuously to the arrangement according to the invention. In this case the roof tile blank is stopped beneath the setting arrangement, such that this setting arrangement only executes a setting movement in the direction of the surface of the roof tile blank during which the water stop is pressed into the green concrete.
Embodiment examples of the invention are shown in the drawing and will be described in the following in further detail. In the drawing depict:
Evident are further conveying devices 10, 11, for example conveying belts 10, 11, on which roof tile blanks 12 to 14 are disposed on subforms 15 to 17.
Of the conveying device 11 and the subform 17 as well as of roof tile 14 only portions are evident. The conveying device 11 is a component of a roof tile machine not depicted in
The loading arrangement 4 serves for providing water stops 7 to 9 in the form of small plates for the fitting arrangement 5. For this purpose, water stop 7 previously disposed directly at an output slot 20 of magazine 6 is fed to the output slot 20 by means of a compressed air cylinder 70, which includes a pusher dog 73, and pushed out by means of a piston rod 21 of a cylinder 22. The water stop 7 is thereby transferred directly into the receiving arrangement 23 of the fitting arrangement 5, as is shown in
The setting arrangement 3 further includes a compressed air cylinder 28 with a piston rod 29. Beneath the compressed air cylinder 28 with the piston rod 29 is located a holding arrangement 30 for a water stop 32.
In order to provide roof tile blanks 12 to 14 with water stops 7 to 9, first, the roof tile blanks 12 to 14 are cut, for example according to DE 35 22 846 A1 from an endless band of compacted green concrete, such that on each of the abutting subforms one roof tile blank comes to lie. In
After the cutting has been completed, the subforms 15 to 17 are already separated from one another in the roof tile machine, such that each of the subforms 15 to 17 is equidistant from the other, with which distance they are also transferred onto the conveying device 10.
On the conveying device 10 the subform 16 with the roof tile blanks 13 disposed thereon is positioned form-fittingly by applying the pusher dog 19. A relative movement between subform 16 and conveying device 10 is thus prevented.
To provide the roof tile blank 12 with the water stop 32, this blank must assume a specific position beneath the setting arrangement 3. In
The process just described can also be referred to as “stationary” pressing-in of the water stop, since in this case the roof tile blank is stopped beneath the setting arrangement 3 and a continuous feed of roof tile blanks by means of the conveying device 10 is not required. This is, for example, possible if the arrangement 1 does not directly succeed the roof tile machine and the roof tile blanks, together with their subforms, are removed from the roof tile ring. However, as a rule, the arrangement 1 is integrated into the roof tile ring, such that the water stop is inserted during the transport of a roof tile blank in the direction of arrow 35.
If the roof tile blank 12 is moved in direction of arrow 35 during the insertion of water stop 32, it is necessary that the carriage 27 provided with the setting arrangement 3 is also moved parallel to the direction of movement of roof tile blank 12, i.e. also in the direction of arrow 35, and, after the water stop 32 has been inserted into the roof tile blank 12, is moved back again into the initial position, i.e. in the direction of arrow 36.
This is attained thereby that the carriage 27 is moved in the direction of arrow 35, while the compressed air cylinder 28 of setting arrangement 3 moves its piston rod 29 in the direction of arrow 33. With carriage 27 thus quasi the X-speed component of water stop 32 is generated, while the Y-speed component is generated by the compressed air cylinder 28 of setting arrangement 3.
In order for the water stop 32 to be pressed in the correct position into the roof tile blank 12, the two movements in the direction of arrows 35 and 33 are coupled with the movement of roof tile blank 12 in the direction of arrow 35. This can take place, for example, through a crank drive 37, which is here only shown schematically. Via its two crank arms 38, 39 this crank drive 37 connects a driving wheel 40 of conveying device 10 with the carriage 27 of the setting arrangement 3.
The driving wheel 40 of conveying device 10, for example of a chain or toothed belt conveying device, having also another wheel 46, is driven by the same motor, which however is not shown in
Carriage 27, on the other hand, with one rotation of the driving wheel 40 in the direction of arrow 41 along the rails 24, 25 carries out a reciprocating movement in the direction of arrows 35, 36. It is herein important that the carriage 27 moves the setting arrangement 3 at least intermittently at the same speed as the subforms 15 to 17 with the roof tile blanks 12 to 14 transported by conveying device 10. The compressed air cylinder 28 of setting arrangement 3 is actuated by a signal sender, not shown in
Instead of a crank drive 37, matching the movement and speed of subform 15 and setting arrangement 3 can be attained, for example, via cam gears or servo drives, which, however, are not shown in
After the water stop 32 has been implanted into the roof tile blank 12, the holding arrangement 30 of the setting arrangement 3 must be provided with a new water stop 8.
This takes place thereby that the water stop 8 is pressed out of the magazine 6 over the output slot 20 by means of the piston rod 21 of the compressed air cylinder 22.
The water stop 8 is herein transferred into the receiving arrangement 23 of the fitting arrangement 5. The fitting arrangement 5 and the holding arrangement 30 are located in one and the same plane 26, such that the holding arrangement 30 can be fitted with the water stop 8 through a movement of the receiving arrangement 23 taking place in the direction of arrow 35, i.e. in the direction toward the holding arrangement 30.
Since the fitting of the holding arrangement 30 can only take place when the carriage 27 with the setting arrangement 3 is in the initial position, the movement of the setting arrangement 3 must also be matched with the movement of the fitting arrangement 5. This can take place, for example, through a computer which matches the movements to one another. Such a computer, which processes the signals from position sensors, is, however, not shown in
To ensure a continuous production process, new water stops must continuously be fed to the output slot 20 of magazine 6. For this purpose, a compressed air cylinder 70 is provided, which moves the water stops located in the magazine 6, which is open at the top, by means of a pusher dog 73 to the left in the direction toward the output slot 20. As soon as the supply of water stops in the magazine 6 starts to run out, the compressed air cylinder 70 with its pusher dog 73 is moved upwardly, and the water stops located in the upwardly open magazine 72 are moved to the left by means of a pusher dog 74 of another compressed air cylinder 69, where they assume the position of the previous water stops 7 to 9.
The arrangement 1 depicted in
In
The fitting arrangement 5 comprises a compressed air cylinder 44 with the receiving arrangement 23. The compressed air cylinder 44 is connected with the receiving arrangement 23 via a piston rod 45. A water stop 49 is already located in the receiving arrangement 23, which includes, for example, a magnet 66 with which a metallic water stop 49 is held.
Evident is also the holding arrangement 30 which is connected with the carriage 27 of the setting arrangement 3. Carriage 27 includes two guide sleeves 52, 53 through which the rail 25 is guided. The carriage 27 can thereby be moved together with the holding arrangement 30 along the rail 25 in the direction of arrows 35 and 36, alternatively.
Holding arrangement 30 comprises a main block 54 provided with a U-shaped recess into which is set a securement arrangement 55. On the securement arrangement 55 are located two movable holding arms 56, 57, which are disposed rotatably on the securement arrangement 55 by means of connection elements 62, 63, for example screws, rivets or bolts. The holding arms 56, 57 are articulated by means of elastic structural elements on the lateral wall of the U-shaped recess, the holding arm 57 being held by a spring 58 and the holding arm 56 by a spring 59. Seen is further a substantially U-shaped support 60, which is disposed on the securement arrangement 55 and between the inner sides of the two holding arms 56, 57. On the free ends of the U-shaped support 60 is placed a water stop 32, over which extend the holding arms 56, 57 and by which holding arms the stop is pressed on.
After the water stop 32 has been pressed into a roof tile blank, i.e. after it has been removed from the holding arrangement 30 by means of piston rod 29, it is necessary to introduce into the holding arrangement 30 a further water stop in order for the stop to be pressed subsequently into a new roof tile blank. This must take place in such manner that the continuous process is not interrupted.
For this purpose the receiving arrangement 23 of the fitting arrangement 5 provided with the water stop 49 is moved by means of the compressed air cylinder 44 and the piston rod 45 in the direction toward the holding arrangement 30, i.e. in the direction of arrow 43.
As soon as the water stop 49 has reached the holding arms 56 and 57, it spreads apart laterally with its lateral margins the holding arms 56 and 57 against the force of springs 58, 59 in the direction of arrows 31 and 64, and in the direction of arrows 65 and 65′, respectively.
The water stop 49 is herein pressed by the receiving arrangement 23 onto the U-shaped support 60 and firmly held by the holding arms 56, 57 which extend over the lateral margins of water stop 49 and snap in, such that water stop 49 remains in the holding arrangement 30 when the receiving arrangement 23 is moved back again into its initial position.
Instead of the above described mechanical fixing of the water stop, the U-shaped support 60 may include a magnet which pulls the small plate-shaped water stop, which in this case is preferably comprised of a magnetizable material, away from the receiving arrangement 23 toward support 60 magnet. Should the receiving arrangement 23 also include a magnet which holds the water stop, it is necessary for the magnet of support 60 to be stronger than the magnet of the receiving arrangement 23.
It is also feasible to fit out the U-shaped support 60 as well as the receiving arrangement 23 with electromagnets. The electromagnet, which is located in the receiving arrangement 23, is switched off as soon as the water stop 49 comes to lie on the U-shaped support. In contrast, the electromagnet in support 60 is switched on, such that the water stop 49 is moved into the holding arrangement 30 and remains here. If the water stop 49 is subsequently located in the holding arrangement 30, the receiving arrangement 23 is brought again into the original position and fitted with a new water stop.
In the position of water stop 32 depicted in
It is understood that, instead of said piston rods and compressed air cylinders, other driving means can also be selected as the driving means.
The water stops 81, 83 have the form of a trapezoid, the lower sides of the trapezoid being pressed into the watercourses 80, 84. The oblique lateral edges 85, 86, 87, 88 of water stops 81, 83 engage into the water beading 68 and the cover beading 82, respectively, and into the central brim 79.
The long sides of the trapezoids are substantially exposed. Through the trapezoidal implementation of the water stops 81, 83 their penetration into the green concrete is facilitated. The water stops are here adapted to the particular profile of the roof tile blanks.
The arrangement according to the invention has been described in conjunction with the fitting of a roof tile blank. However, in principle, the arrangement is also applicable with a cured roof tile, if, for example, a slit is millcut into the roof tile before the water stop is set in. The millcutting of such a slit could take place, for example, with a controllable laser beam. The water stop could in this case be implemented in the form of a wedge in order to attain a clamping action between the slit and the water stop.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2006 046 588 | Sep 2006 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP2007/058341 | 8/10/2007 | WO | 00 | 10/2/2008 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2008/037540 | 4/3/2008 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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5072575 | Lakey | Dec 1991 | A |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
E 27 842 | Apr 1985 | AT |
1 838 431 | Sep 1961 | DE |
1 126 791 | Oct 1962 | DE |
1 812 456 | Aug 1969 | DE |
22 52 047 | May 1973 | DE |
25 08 551 | Mar 1976 | DE |
35 22 846 | Jan 1987 | DE |
297 05 738 | Aug 1997 | DE |
664010 | Jan 1952 | GB |
2 099 489 | Dec 1997 | RU |
50234 | Dec 2005 | RU |
1423371 | Sep 1988 | SU |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20090160085 A1 | Jun 2009 | US |