Patent Application
20220195682
The present invention relates to a device for absorbing a liquid present on a floor, in the event of a water damage or flood, for example. The invention also relates to a barrier for retaining water in the event of a water damage or flood, comprising several absorption devices.
When a flood occurs, it is known to use sand bags to contain the flood water and sludge. For that purpose, the bags and the sand are transported separately on site, and then the bags are filled and positioned manually. The filling of the bags and their stacking are time-consuming tedious tasks. This solution is hence not adapted to fight against flash floods, or for people who are not used to physical effort.
An alternative solution consists in replacing the bags by water-permeable envelopes and the sand by a hydrophilic powder. In contact with water, the powder absorbs a certain quantity of water until becoming impervious. Once filled with water, the envelope is then capable of containing or diverting a flood.
Replacing the sand by a hydrophilic powder advantageously makes it possible to reduce the envelope volume. It is then easier to store the envelope in flood-risk areas, so as to allow a rapid use in case of flash flood. According to another advantage, for a similar efficiency, the quantity of hydrophilic powder contained in an envelope is far lower than the quantity of sand contained in a bag. That way, more people are able to move an envelope containing a hydrophilic powder than a bag containing sand. Particular reference will be made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,368, that proposes to use a bag containing a superabsorbent polymer.
Nevertheless, when handling the envelope, it turns out that the hydrophilic powder tends to accumulate in the corners and form agglomerates. In presence of a liquid, a watertight layer is formed about the center of each agglomerate. The hydrophilic powder present within these agglomerates is hence unused. This results in a variable and uncontrollable absorption capacity for each envelope. According to another drawback, when absorbing a liquid, the envelopes swell unevenly. The water-retaining barriers formed by stacking of this type of envelope hence comprise many infiltration routes between the envelopes, which hinders the efficiency of said barrier.
The invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems, by proposing a device for absorbing a liquid present on a floor, in the event of a water damage or flood, comprising an envelope containing a hydrophilic powder allowing a greater absorption and a more homogeneous shape once soaked.
The invention proposes a device for absorbing a liquid present on a floor, in the event of a water damage or flood, comprising a hydrophilic powder contained in a liquid-permeable envelope, wherein the envelope is composed of an upper layer superimposed to a lower layer, the lower and upper layers being connected to each other by strong bonds, which strong bonds delimiting a containment area for the hydrophilic powder in the envelope.
The invention is wherein the lower and upper layers are connected to each other through first weak bonds, which first weak bonds delimiting several adjacent cells in the containment area, each cell hence enclosing a sufficient quantity of powder to cause the break of the first weak bonds delimiting the cell, when the powder absorbs a liquid.
The first weak bonds are arranged in such a way as to prevent the passage of the hydrophilic powder from one cell to another one. Hence, the quantity of powder liable to agglomerate in a part of the containment area is strongly limited. In other words, the presence of the cells makes it possible to limit the maximum size of the powder agglomerates in the containment area, and hence significantly increase the capacity as well as the rapidity of absorption of a liquid by the hydrophilic powder.
According to another feature of the invention, each cell encloses a quantity of hydrophilic powder adapted to absorb a sufficient volume of liquid to exert a pressure on the walls of the cell until causing a break of the first weak bonds. It is to be noted that the first weak bonds are configured in such a way as to give way before the lower layer or the upper layer is pierced or torn when the hydrophilic powder swells. This feature advantageously makes it possible to locally control the shape of the envelope when it is in contact with a liquid element. As their name indicates, strong bonds are more resistant to traction forces than weak bonds. In other words, the weak bonds are configured in such a way as to give way before the strong bonds.
According to another advantage, the strong bonds are configured in such a way as to give way before the weak bonds, in order to prevent the hydrophilic powder from spreading to the environment, when the weak bonds are broken. In other words, the strong bonds delimit a containment area in which the hydrophilic powder is present, between the upper layer and the lower layer of the envelope, when the weak bonds are broken.
According to another feature of the invention, in the containment area, the smaller surface area delimited by a cell is equal to or higher than 5 cm2, preferably equal to or higher than 10 cm2.
According to another feature of the invention, the surface area of the containment area is equal to or higher than 80 cm2, preferably equal to or higher than 1000 cm2, preferably equal to or higher than 2000 cm2.
According to another feature of the invention, once soaked with a liquid, the containment area is characterized by a height equal to or higher than 4 cm, preferably equal to or higher than 5 cm, advantageously higher than 6 cm. By “height”, it is meant a dimension of the absorption device along a direction normal or substantially normal to the lower layer. The height of the absorption device is measured when said device is not covered by any other element. The height of the containment area is preferably measured at the center thereof.
According to another feature of the invention, the volume density of hydrophilic powder is identical or substantially identical in each cell present in the containment cell. This embodiment advantageously allows the envelope to have, after absorption of a liquid, a homogeneous or substantially homogeneous shape at the center of the containment area. That way, a stack of several protection devices according to the invention, after absorption of a liquid, is more stable with respect to the state of the art. A stronger watertight barrier can hence be made with a more limited number of envelopes.
According to another feature of the invention, the quantity of hydrophilic powder contained in the containment area is adapted in such a way that, once soaked with water, the envelope has a weight between 0.1 kg and 30 kg, preferably between 0.5 kg and 25 kg.
According to another feature of the invention, the hydrophilic powder comprises a water-retaining polymer, of natural or synthetic origin, having a water retention capacity higher than or equal to 30 times its weight in demineralized water, preferably higher than or equal to 50 times, advantageously higher than or equal to 100 times.
According to another feature of the invention, the upper layer includes at least one inverted pleat, at the containment area, the inverted pleat base being held through second weak bonds. By “pleat base”, it is meant the area in which the upper layer is superimposed to itself in such a way as to locally form a double thickness. According to a preferred embodiment, the inside of the inverted pleat includes a quantity of hydrophilic powder that is insufficient to cause, after absorption of a liquid, the break of the second weak bonds. Preferably, the inside of the inverted pleat does not contain hydrophilic powder. The second weak bonds are arranged in such a way as to prevent the passage of the hydrophilic powder. According to a preferred embodiment, the upper layer includes at least two inverted pleats, at the containment area. The inverted pleats run along opposite edges of the containment area. This embodiment allows a more homogeneous unfolding of the upper layer between said edges, when the second weak bonds give way due to the swelling of the powder during the absorption of a liquid. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the containment area is rectangular in shape and when it is desired to stack identical absorption devices according to the invention, to form barriers to retain a liquid in case of flood or water damage.
According to another feature of the invention, the inverted pleat is configured to unfold in such a way as to avoid a tear of the lower layer and/or the upper layer, when the powder contained in the containment area absorbs a liquid. This embodiment advantageously makes it possible to increase the quantity of hydrophilic powder in one or several cells comprising the inverted pleat, while avoiding a tear of the lower and/or upper layer when the envelope absorbs a liquid. In other words, for a containment area of same size, the inverted pleat advantageously makes it possible to increase the quantity of hydrophilic powder contained in the containment area, and hence the water retention capacity of the envelope.
According to another feature of the invention, the inverted pleat is configured in such a way as to maintain the flatness of the lower layer, when the hydrophilic powder contained in the containment area has absorbed a maximum quantity of liquid. In other words, the inverted pleat is configured in such a way as to preferentially favor the unfolding of the upper layer towards the height of the absorption device, when the dehydrated powder absorbs a liquid. This embodiment advantageously makes it possible to maintain a greater surface area of contact between the lower layer of the envelope and a flat or substantially flat floor, in order to more efficiently retain or divert a liquid spreading on the floor.
According to another feature of the invention, the apex of the inverted pleat is parallel or substantially parallel to an edge of the containment area. Preferably, at least one inverted pleat extends all along an edge of the containment area.
According to another feature of the invention, the inverted pleat is held against the upper layer, using third weak bonds located in the containment area.
According to another feature of the invention, the weak bonds are made by an ultrasonic welding technique.
The weak bonds are characterized by a far lower tear resistance with respect to the strong bonds. According to the invention, the weak bonds are configured in such a way as to give way in order not to break or tear the upper layer and/or the lower layer.
The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a device for absorbing a liquid present of a floor, in the event of a water damage or flood, implementing the following steps:
It is to be noted that the last two steps can be inverted or made simultaneously.
The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a device for absorbing a liquid present of a floor, in the event of a water damage or flood, implementing the following steps:
According to an alternative embodiment, the steps g) and h) can be replaced by a step consisting in making only strong bonds between the upper layer and the lower layer, in such a way as to close simultaneously each pocket as well as the containment area. In other words, the strong bonds are arranged in such a way as to replace the weak bonds delimiting the peripheral edges of all the adjacent cells comprising hydrophilic powder.
According to an alternative embodiment, between the steps f) and g), the following steps can be implemented, in order to increase the number of adjacent cells present in the containment area:
It is to be noted that steps 1) to 4) can be reproduced several times in a row, before the implementation of step h), in order to form an envelope containing several lines of adjacent cells.
The weak and strong bonds can be made according to at least one of the following techniques: bonding, sewing, welding or other.
According to an alternative embodiment of a manufacturing method described hereinabove, the weak bonds are made by an ultrasonic welding technique. The strong bonds can also be made by an ultrasonic welding technique.
The invention also relates to a water-retaining barrier in the event of a water damage or flood, comprising several absorption devices as described hereinabove.
The following description in relation with the appended drawings, given by way of non-limitative examples, will allow a good understanding of what the invention consists of and of how it can be implemented:
As a reminder, the invention proposes a device for absorbing a liquid present on a floor, in the event of a water damage or flood, comprising an envelope containing a hydrophilic powder allowing a greater absorption of a liquid and of more homogeneous shape once soaked.
The hydrophilic powder 4 is composed of an absorbent material, made from a water-retaining polymer, of natural or synthetic origin. This type of polymer is generally known as SAP (for “superabsorbent polymer”). It is generally in the form of a powder, agglomerated or not. Their structure based on a three-dimensional network, comparable to a multitude of small cavities each having the capacity to deform and to absorb water, gives them the property of absorbing very great quantities of water and hence the property of swelling. By way of non-limitative examples, the hydrophilic powder is made from guar gum, alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, dextran, xanthan gum . . . . The SAPs of synthetic origin usable within the framework of the present invention are for example cross-linked, or cross-linkable, water-soluble polymers. There exist many types of them. Such polymers are for example described in patent FR 2559158 in which are described cross-linked polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid, cross-linked graft copolymers of the polysaccharide/acrylic or methacrylic acid type, cross-linked terpolymers of the acrylic or methacrylic acid/acrylamide/sulfonated acrylamide type and their alkaline earth or alkali metal salts. In a preferred embodiment, the monomers used for preparing superabsorbent polymers are chosen among acrylamide and/or partially or fully salified acrylic acid and/or partially or fully salified ATBS (acrylamido tertio butyl sulfonate) and/or NVP (N-vinylpyrrolidone) and/or acryloylmorpholine and/or partially or fully salified itaconic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the superabsorbent polymers are cross-linked homopolymers or copolymers based on partially or fully salified acrylic acid. Other hydrophilic monomers, for example cationic monomers, but also hydrophobic monomers, can be used to produce the superabsorbent polymers. Examples of cationic monomers include diallyldialkyl ammonium salts and the monomers of the dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamide type, as well as their quaternary ammonium or acid salts. Particular reference will be made to quaternized or salified dymethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA) and/or dymethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (APTAC) and/or methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC). The synthetic superabsorbent polymers are generally cross-linked with 100 to 6000 ppm (parts per million) of at least one cross-linking agent chosen in the group comprising acrylic compounds, for example methylene-bis-acrylamide, allylic compounds, for example tetra-allylammonium chloride, vinylic compounds, for example divinylbenzene, diepoxy, metal salts . . . Some of them can also have a double cross-linking, for example by an acrylic cross-linking agent. The superabsorbent polymers can also be post-treated by a post-cross-linking of the surface of the polymer particles, in order to increase their capacity of absorption under the effect of pressure.
For cost reasons, superabsorbent polymers of synthetic origin of the cross-linked sodium polyacrylate type, with or without post-cross-linking, will be preferred. The SAP can be obtained by all the polymerization techniques well known by the person skilled in the art: gel polymerization, precipitation polymerization, emulsion polymerization (aqueous or inverted) followed or not by a step of distillation, suspension polymerization, solution polymerization, such polymerizations being followed or not by a step allowing a dry form of co(polymer) to be isolated by any type of means well known by the person skilled in the art. The absorbent materials mentioned hereinabove can also be combined to each other to form hydrophilic powders of different compositions.
It has been surprisingly observed that, when the quantity of superabsorbent polymer used is overdosed with respect to what is required (due to its power of absorption), the absorbent article has a dry touch and no water release despite an increased risk of “gel blocking” phenomenon due to the presence of the cells.
The particle-size of the hydrophilic powder 4 confined in the envelope 6 is between 0.01 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. The hydrophilic powder 4 is characterized by a water retention capacity higher than or equal to 30 times, preferably higher than or equal to 50 times, advantageously higher than or equal to 100 times, its weight in demineralized water.
According to a first embodiment illustrated in
According to the present example, the lower layer 10 is identical or similar to the upper layer 8. It is to be noted that the lower and upper layers can be of different nature, potentially one of said layers can be partially or fully impermeable to a liquid.
The envelope 6 is made by holding the upper layer 8 against the lower layer 10, by means of strong bonds 12. The strong bonds 12 are arranged in such a way as to delimit, between said layers, a containment area 14 of the hydrophilic powder 4. The strong bonds 12 are adapted to retain the hydrophilic powder 4, in the containment area 14, after absorption of a liquid. The containment area can have various shapes as for example oval, polygonal or other. At the upper layer 8, the strong bonds 12 delimit a surface area equal to or greater than 80 cm2, preferably equal to or greater than 1000 cm2.
According to the present example, the strong bonds 12 delimit an area of rectangular shape at the upper layer 8, whose width I and length L are respectively between 200 mm and 600 mm, and between 400 mm and 1 000 mm.
According to another feature of the invention, the upper and lower layers are also held together through first weak bonds 16. As their name indicates, the first weak bonds are different from the strong bonds 12 in that they are more fragile. Indeed, the first weak bonds 16 are configured to give way when the hydrophilic powder absorbs a liquid, in order to preserve the integrity of the upper layer and/or the lower layer. Which is not the case of the strong bonds 12.
According to the present example, the strong and weak bonds are formed by welding to each other the upper and lower layers by an ultrasonic welding technique, so as to interlace the fibers composing said layers. Adhesives can also be used to form the bonds between the upper and lower layers. According to an alternative embodiment, the bonds can be made using a source of heat for locally fusing the fibers of the upper layer to the fibers of the lower layer. According to another embodiment, the upper layer can be pressed against the lower layer, in such a way as to locally interlace their fibers. The weak and strong bonds can hence be made from one or several techniques mentioned hereinabove, in such a way that the fibers belonging to the upper and lower layers are connected to each other at the bond, the identity of the individual fibers being not perceptible in the bond.
The first weak bonds 16 are arranged in such a way as to delimit adjacent cells 18 that are present in the containment area 14. The shape of the adjacent cells can be varied, such as, for example, oval, polygonal, or other. The first weak bonds 16 are made in such a way as, in particular, to prevent the passage of the hydrophilic powder from one cell to another one when the hydrophilic powder is dehydrated. At the upper layer 8, the surface area of a cell 18 is between 5 cm2 and 600 cm2, preferably between 14 cm2 and 18 cm2. By way of non-limitative example, the first weak bonds 16 can delimit rectangular cells whose sides are between 2 cm and 30 cm, preferably between 4 cm and 6 cm. The first weak bonds 16 can be arranged in such a way as to form a meshing of 12 cells, distributed over 3 columns and 4 lines as illustrated by
As illustrated in
Advantageously, the first weak bonds 16 delimit cells 18 making it possible to limit the phenomenon of aggregation of the hydrophilic powder 4 in the containment area 14. Indeed, the aggregates formed by the hydrophilic powder cannot exceed the quantity of powder contained in one cell 18. That way, with respect to the state of the art, for a same quantity of powder, the invention allows a higher absorption of liquid in a shorter period of time, as will be shown in the following examples.
All the comparative tests hereinafter were performed under strictly identical conditions using a non-woven material M1542, sold by the Freudenberg company. They were carried out according to the following protocol. First, the various absorbent articles were swelled to their maximum capacity for 30 minutes in a tank of tap water at 16° C. Then, they have been taken out from the tank, and their homogeneity, or in other words the flatness of their upper face, has been evaluated. Nature of the polymers used, sold by the Aprotek company: Apromud G300: Sodium polyacrylate—100% anionic; Aprodev 03: Copolymer acrylamide-potassium acrylate—30% anionic.
The examples described in Table A (denoted Ex) show that the absorbent articles made according to the features of the invention exhibit a better homogeneity during their use, compared to the counter-examples (Cex), and that whatever the nature of the SAP used.
Unexpectedly, it has been found that absorbent articles that are particularly efficient, low bulk and very rapid to implement, can be obtained since the lower and upper layers are connected to each other through weak bonds, delimiting several adjacent cells in the containment area, each cell enclosing a sufficient quantity of superabsorbent hydrophilic powder to cause the break of the first weak bonds when it absorbs a liquid.
The absorbent articles according to the invention allow the humidity to very rapidly enter inside them and, once soaked with water, have an homogeneous shape ideal to form containment barriers, walls, dikes adapted to contain a liquid and without water release during their use.
The first weak bonds 16 are configured to give way when a quantity of hydrophilic powder, contained in an adjacent cell 18, absorbs a liquid and its volume increases. This feature makes it possible, on the one hand, to prevent a tear of the upper layer 8 and/or of the lower layer 10 when the hydrophilic powder swells, and on the other hand, to homogenize the thickness of the envelope 6 at the center of the containment area 14. Indeed, the first weak bonds 16 allow a more homogeneous distribution of the hydrophilic powder 4 in the containment area, and hence an also more homogeneous swelling of the envelope 6 when the latter is soaked with a liquid (see
An envelope 6 according to the invention is characterized by a thickness between 1 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm, when the hydrophilic powder 4 is dehydrated. The thickness or the height of the envelope 6 is defined along a direction normal or substantially normal to the upper and lower layers. Its total weight is between 10 g and 500 g, preferably between 20 g and 400 g. The envelope 6 is hence light-weight and compact, easily transportable and storable in order to be used rapidly in case of flash flood. Once soaked with a liquid, the same envelope 6 has a thickness or height equal to or higher than 4 cm, preferably equal to or higher than 5 cm, advantageously higher than 6 cm.
An absorption device as described hereinabove can hence be used to absorb a liquid present on a floor, in the event of a water damage or flood, or as a drying mat or air duct plug, for example.
Potentially, a protection device according to the invention can include several dehydrated envelopes as described hereinabove, connected to each other by holding means, not shown. The holding means are preferably able to give way, in order to allow the use of one or several envelopes as a function of the task to be performed. By way of non-limitative example, several different envelopes can be made by superimposition of an upper layer to an lower layer, comprising perforations between each envelope 6, in order to facilitate their detachment from each other for a user to adjust the number of dehydrated envelopes as a function of the task to be performed. The length and width of such a strip of envelopes can be respectively between 1 m and 100 m, preferably between 5 m and 20 m, and between 0.5 and 4 m, preferably between 1 m and 2 m.
According to a second exemplary embodiment of an absorption device 2B according to the invention, the envelope 6 can include reversible holding means, configured to ensure a better holding between the envelopes when they are aligned with each other and/or superimposed to each other. It is to be noted that the identical or similar elements illustrated in the appended figures are indexed by the same numeral references. By way of example, the envelopes can include one or several adhesive strips arranged on their external surfaces, adapted to hook on the surface of another envelope. An envelope 6 can include a mechanical attachment system 20 comprising textile hooks and/or loops, adapted to cooperate with another mechanical attachment system, in order to ensure a better equilibrium of a stack of protection device 2 according to the invention as illustrated by
Hence, several absorption devices can be assembled, through holding means, in such a way as to form a water-retaining barrier in the event of a water damage or flood.
According to a third exemplary embodiment of an absorption device 2C according to the invention illustrated by
According to a fourth exemplary embodiment of an absorption device 2D according to the invention illustrated in
The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an absorption device against floods, as described hereinabove. The manufacturing method implements a first step illustrated in
According to a second step illustrated by
According to a third step illustrated in
According to a fourth step illustrated in
According to a fifth step illustrated in
According to a sixth step illustrated in
According to a seventh step illustrated in
According to an eleventh step illustrated in
According to a twelfth step illustrated in
According to a thirteenth and last step illustrated in
Preferably, the links mentioned hereinabove are made by an ultrasonic welding technique.
According to an alternative embodiment of a manufacturing method described hereinabove, the manufacturing method implements a first step illustrated in
According to a second step illustrated by
According to a third step, strong bonds 12 and weak bonds 16 are made simultaneously between the upper strip 8′ and the lower strip 10′, in such a way as to delimit a part of the peripheral edges of a containment area to be made and pockets 36 contained in said area. It is to be noted that the strong bonds 12 delimit several edges of the containment area as well as several edges of the pockets 36. With respect to the above-mentioned embodiment, the present embodiment offers the advantage to limit the number of weak bonds to delimit the pockets 36. This hence represents time saving and thus economy of realization.
According to a fourth step illustrated in
According to a fifth step illustrated in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1903160 | Mar 2019 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/058496 | 3/26/2020 | WO | 00 |
