Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6313388
-
Patent Number
6,313,388
-
Date Filed
Monday, December 27, 199925 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, November 6, 200123 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 084 634
- 084 666
- 084 DIG 9
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
A plurality of different fluctuation data are added to a plurality of sound signals, and the plurality of sound signals are synthesized to form a tone. Thus, different fluctuations are added to the sound signals or to part sounds of the sound signals, enabling the fluctuation to be controlled for each of the components of the tone.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device for adding fluctuation (wavering, swing or sway) to an electronic sound apparatus and to a method thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for imparting fluctuation to a tone that is generated and to a method thereof.
2. Prior Art
Examples of such a device for adding fluctuation has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 346063/1992 entitled “Device for generating fluctuation waves in an electronic sound apparatus” and Japanese Patent Application No. 043933/1993 entitled “Sound fluctuation system in an electronic sound apparatus” filed by the present applicant. In the devices disclosed in this application, fluctuation waveforms are added to the pitch and amplitude of sound that is generated, so that the pitch and amplitude undergo a fine change.
The fluctuation changes in various ways and in various modes. A tone never changes monotonously, but changes in a variety of ways depending upon the frequency components and upon the time components.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to add a plurality of generated fluctuation (wavering, swing or sway) data to a plurality of generated sound signals so that different fluctuations (waverings, swings or sways) are imparted to and synthesized for the sound signals, to thereby produce synthesized sound signal. Different fluctuations are added to the part sounds that are synthesized into a sound signal, and different fluctuations are realized for each of the part sounds. The word “fluctuation” may include the word “wavering”, “swing” and “sway”.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a diagram illustrating the overall circuitry of an electronic sound apparatus or an electronic musical instrument;
FIG. 2
is a diagram illustrating a tone generator
5
;
FIG. 3
is a diagram illustrating an assignment memory
60
in the tone generator
5
;
FIG. 4
is a diagram illustrating a portion of the fluctuation data generator
41
;
FIG. 5
is a diagram illustrating another portion of the fluctuation data generator
41
;
FIG. 6
is a diagram illustrating a plurality of fluctuation data SW stored in a fluctuation data memory
21
;
FIG. 7
is a diagram illustrating a circuit portion for calculating filter coefficients of digital filters;
FIG. 8
is a diagram illustrating a circuit portion for calculating filter coefficients of digital filters;
FIG. 9
is a diagram illustrating a state of reading and synthesizing the fluctuation data SW;
FIG. 10
is a diagram of an envelope generator
44
;
FIG. 11
is a diagram of a frequency number accumulator
42
;
FIG. 12
is a flow chart illustrating the whole processing;
FIG. 13
is a flow chart of an interrupt processing executed after every constant (predetermined) period;
FIG. 14
is a diagram illustrating filter characteristics data FC stored in a fluctuation ROM
23
;
FIG. 15
is a part sound table
10
in a program/data storage unit
4
;
FIG. 16
is a diagram of frequency spectra of the part sounds; and
FIG. 17
is a diagram of envelope waveforms of the part sounds.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Outline of the Embodiments
The part sounds are assigned to the time-division channels, the fluctuation (wavering, swing or sway) data are selected for the part sounds, and the fluctuation levels are specified. As seen in
FIG. 4
, and based on the musical factors such as tone number data TN, the fluctuation data of the part sounds are selected by a fluctuation data memory
21
through a fluctuation ROM
23
, and the fluctuation levels are controlled by multipliers
55
A to
55
C (shown in
FIG. 5
) based on the fluctuation level data SL. Further, as shown in FIG.
5
and based, on the musical factors such as tone number data TN, the filter characteristics FC
1
to FC
4
of fluctuation data of part sounds and input digital filters
51
a
to
51
D are selected through the fluctuation ROM
23
.
1. Overall Circuitry.
FIG. 1
is a diagram illustrating the overall circuitry of an electronic sound apparatus or an electronic musical instrument. The sounding start and sounding end of a tone are instructed by the keys of a keyboard
11
. The keys are scanned by a key scanning circuit
12
, whereby data that represents key on or key off is detected and is written by a controller
2
into a program/data storage unit
4
. The data is compared with the data representing the on or off of the keys that have been stored in the program/data storage unit
4
, and the on event or off event of the keys is determined by the controller
2
.
Every key of the keyboard
11
is provided with a step touch switch, the scanning is effected for every step switch, and on event/off event is detected for every head on/off of every step switch. The step switch generates the touch data, i.e., an initial touch data and an after-touch data that represent the speed and strength of touch.
The keyboard
11
comprises a lower keyboard, an upper keyboard and a pedal keyboard to generate tones of different timbres, i.e., to generate tones having different envelope waveforms. Tones of two timbres can be sounded simultaneously by a key-on of the upper keyboard. The keyboard
11
may be replaced by that of an electronic string instrument, electronic wind (reed) instrument, electronic percussion (pad) or computer.
The switches in a group of panel switches
13
are scanned by a panel scanning circuit
14
. Due to the scanning, the data representing on and off of the switches are detected and are written by the controller
2
into a program/data storage unit
4
. The data are compared with the data representing on and off of the switches that have been stored in the program/data storage unit
4
, and on event and off event of the switches are determined by the controller
2
. The sounded tone is that of manual play using the keyboard
11
or that of auto play (automatic performance) reproduced from the automatic play data. The tones of manual play or automatic play are also sent from a MIDI interface
15
.
A MIDI (musical digital instrument interface)
15
is provided for transmitting and receiving tone data to and from an electronic musical instrument that is externally connected. The tone data comply with the MIDI standards, and the tone is also generated based on these tone data.
The keyboard
11
or the MIDI interface
15
also includes an automatic play device. The play data (tone-generating data) generated by the keyboard
11
, group of panel switches
13
and MIDI interface
15
, are for generating the tones. The manual play data of the keyboard
11
are written and stored in the program/data storage unit
4
as automatic play data. Through the MIDI interface
15
, the automatic play data are sent from other equipment, or the automatic play data in the program/data storage unit
4
are sent to other equipment.
The performance information data (tone-generating information (data)) are musical factor data inclusive of tone pitch (tone pitch range) data (tone-determining factor), sounding time data, field-of-performance information, number-of-sounds data and resonance degree data. The sounding time data represent the passage of time from the start of sounding a tone. The field-of-performance information represent part of play, part of tone, part of musical instrument, etc., and are corresponded to, for example, melody, accompaniment, background, chord, bass and rhythm, or are corresponded to an upper keyboard, a lower keyboard or a foot keyboard.
The pitch data are fetched as key number data KN. The key number data KN include octave data (tone pitch range data) and tone name data. The field-of-performance information are fetched as part number data PN. The part number data PN distinguish the areas of play and are set depending upon the area of play of a tone that is sounded.
The sounding time data are fetched as tone time data TM, and are based upon time count data from a key-on event or substituted by envelope phase. The sounding time data have been closely disclosed in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 219324/1994 as data related to the passage of time from the start of sounding.
The number-of-sounds data represent the number of tones that are concurrently sounded. For example, on/off data of an assignment memory
30
are based on the number of tone “1”, which is found from flow charts of FIGS. 9 and 15 of Japanese Patent Application No. 242878/1994, FIGS. 8 and 18 of Japanese Patent application No. 276855/1994, FIGS. 9 and 20 of Japanese Patent Application No. 276857/1994, and FIGS. 9 and 21 of Japanese Patent Application No. 276858/1994.
The resonance degree data (KD) represents the degree of resonance between a tone and another tone that are simultaneously generated. The resonance degree has a large value when a ratio of integers is small between a pitch frequency of the tone and a pitch frequency of another tone, and the resonance degree has a small value when a ratio of integers is great, as can be found by the processing using a flow chart as will be described later. The resonance degree data includes a consonance degree of pitch and frequency of the tones simultaneously generated, consonance relation thereof, resonance relation of the tones simultaneously generated and resonance contents thereof.
The group of panel switches
13
are equipped with various switches inclusive of timbre tablet, effect switch, rhythm switch, pedal, wheel, lever, dial, handle and touch switch, which are for musical instruments. The pedal is loud pedal, soft pedal, damper pedal, shifting pedal, sostenuto pedal or mute pedal.
Tone control data are generated by these switches. The tone control data are musical factor data for controlling the tone that is generated, and include timbre data (timbre-determining factor), touch data (speed/strength of sounding instruction operation), number-of-sounds data, degree-of-resonance data, effect data, rhythm data, sound image (stereo) data, quantize data, modulation data, tempo data, sound volume data and envelope data.
These musical factor data, too, are synthesized with the performance information (tone data) and are input through a variety of switches, and are further synthesized with the automatic performance information or are synthesized with the performance information transmitted and received through the interface. The touch switch is provided for each of the sound instruction devices, and generates initial touch data that represent the quickness and strength of touch as well as after touch data.
The timbre data correspond to the kinds of musical instruments (sounding media/sounding means) such as a keyboard instrument (piano, etc.), a wind instrument (flute, etc.), a stringed instrument (violin, etc.) and a percussion instruments (drum, etc.), and are fetched as tone number data. The envelope data include an envelope time, an envelope level, an envelope speed and an envelope phase.
Such musical factor data are sent to a controller
2
where a variety of signals that will be described later, data and parameters are changed over to determine the content of the tone. The performance information (tone-generating data) and tone control data are processed by the controller
2
, a variety of data are sent to a tone signal generator
5
, and a tone signal is generated. The controller
2
includes CPU, ROM and RAM.
A program/data storage unit
4
(internal storage medium/means) comprises a storage unit such as a ROM, a writable RAM, a flush memory or an EPROM, and in which can be written and stored (installed/transferred) a program of a computer stored in an external storage medium/means such as an optical disk or a magnetic disk. In the program/data storage unit
4
are further stored (installed/transferred) programs transmitted from an external electronic musical instrument or a computer through a MIDI device or a transmitter/receiver. The program storage medium includes a communication medium.
The installation (transfer/copy) is automatically executed when the program/data data storage unit
4
is set into the tone-generating apparatus or when the power source of the tone-generating apparatus is turned on, or is installed by the operation by an operator. The above-mentioned program corresponds to a flow chart that will be described later, with which the controller
2
executes a variety of processings.
The apparatus may store, in advance, another operating system, system program (OS) and other programs, and the above-mentioned program may be executed together with these OS and other programs. When installed in the apparatus (computer body) and is executed, the above-mentioned program executes the processings and functions described in the claims by itself or together with other programs.
Moreover, part or whole of the program may be stored in, and executed by, one or more apparatuses other than the above-mentioned apparatus, and the data to be processed and the data/program that have been processed already may be exchanged among the above-mentioned apparatus and other apparatuses through communication means (Internet) in order to execute the present invention as a whole by the above-mentioned apparatus and by the other apparatuses.
In the program/data storage unit
4
are stored the above-mentioned musical factor data, the above-mentioned variety of data and various other data. These variety of data include data necessary for the time-division processing as well as data to be assigned to the time-division channels.
The tone signal generator
5
repetitively generates a tone waveform signal MW for every part sound, and a sound system
6
generates sound and outputs. The rate for repetitively generating the tone waveform signals MW varies depending upon the tone pitch data. Further, the waveform of the repetitively generated tone waveform signals Mw is changed over depending upon the musical factor data such as the timbre data mentioned above. Relying upon the time-division processing, the tone generator
5
simultaneously forms a plurality of tone signals to generate a polyphonic sound.
The timing generator
3
outputs timing control signals to every circuit so that the whole circuitry of the reverberating/resonating apparatus, tone-generating/controlling apparatus or an electronic musical instrument is maintained in synchronism. The timing control signals include clock signals of all periods, as well as a signal of a logical product or a logical sum of these clock signals, a signal of a period of a channel-dividing time of the time-division processing, channel number data CHNo and time count data TI. The time count data TI represents the absolute time, i.e., the passage of the time. The period from a reset due to the overflow of the time count data TI until a reset due to the next overflow is set to be longer than the longest sounding time among various tones and is set, depending upon the cases, to be several times as great.
2. Tone Signal Generator
5
.
FIG. 2
illustrates the tone signal generator
5
. Musical factors such as tone number data TN of the channels read out from the assignment memory
60
are sent to a fluctuation data generator
41
which generates a synthesized fluctuation data SSW depending on these musical factors.
Musical factors such as key number data KN and tone number data TN of the channels read out from the assignment memory
60
, are sent to a frequency number accumulator
42
which accumulates the frequency number data FN corresponding to the key number data KN in a time-dividing manner. The accumulated frequency number data FNA are fed to a musical tone waveform memory
43
as read-out address data in a time-dividing manner. The frequency number accumulator
42
calculates and synthesizes (adds) the synthesized fluctuation data SSW to the frequency number data FN in a time-dividing manner.
Therefore, the frequency number data FN does not remain constant but fluctuates depending upon the synthesized fluctuation data SSW, and the frequency is modulated depending on the synthesized fluctuation data SSW. The musical tone waveform data MW changes maintaining a constant (predetermined) period and, hence, a predetermined-period waveform fluctuates due to the above fluctuation.
The musical tone waveform memory
43
stores a plurality of musical tone waveform data MW which are read out based on the accumulated frequency number data FNA in a dime-dividing manner. The musical tone waveform data MW are selected based on the musical factors such as the tone number data TN or based on the selection operation by the operator using the group of panel switches
13
. The musical factor such as tone number data TN are read out from the assignment memory
60
, sent to the frequency number accumulator
42
, converted into bank data BK, and are fed as high-order read-out address data to the musical tone waveform memory
43
. The low-order read-out address data are the above-mentioned accumulated frequency number data FNA.
The musical tone waveform data MW are sampling data having a waveform of an instrument sound such as of piano, violin, flute, cymbals, etc. The musical tone waveform data MW may vary depending upon the waveforms such as sine wave, saw-tooth wave or rectangular wave, depending upon the content ratios of specific components such as harmonic components or noise components, depending upon the groups of spectral components based on specific formants, depending upon the kinds of whole waveforms from the sounding start to the sounding end, or depending upon the touch data TC and/or key scaling data KS.
The musical tone waveform data MW of simple shapes such as of sine waves, saw-tooth waves and rectangular waves can also be generated by a high-speed operation processing. Even complex waveforms can be generated by the high-speed operation processing as a matter of course.
The synthesized fluctuation data SSW are calculated and synthesized (added) through an adder 47 to the musical tone waveform data MW that are read out to vary the amplitude thereof. Therefore, the waveform that repeats maintaining a predetermined amplitude fluctuates though the musical tone waveform data MW varies maintaining a predetermined amplitude waveform. The repeating waveform, in many cases, gradually changes with the passage of the sounding time.
Musical factors such as the tone number data TN of the channels read out from the assignment memory
60
are sent to an envelope generator
44
which generates the envelope waveform data EN depending upon the tone number data TN, etc. in a time-dividing manner. The envelope waveform data EN are multiplied by the musical tone waveform data MW read out from the musical tone waveform memory
43
through a multiplier
45
, and are accumulated over the whole channels through an accumulator
46
and are sent to the sound system
6
to be sounded and output (that produces sound)
The synthesized fluctuation data SSW are calculated and synthesized (added) to the envelope waveform data EN to effect the amplitude modulation. The envelope waveform data EN are multiplied and synthesized on the musical tone waveform data MW. As a result, the synthesized fluctuation data SSW are synthesized on the amplitude of the musical tone waveform data MW. The musical tone waveform data MW changes maintaining a predetermined amplitude and waveform, and the waveform that is repeating maintaining a predetermined amplitude fluctuates due to this fluctuation. The repeating waveform, in many cases, gradually changes with the passage of the sounding time.
3. Assignment Memory
60
.
FIG. 3
is a diagram illustrating an assignment memory
60
in the tone signal generator
5
. The assignment memory
60
includes a plurality of (
16
,
32
,
64
, etc.) channel memory areas for storing data related to the part sounds assigned to a plurality of tone-forming channels formed in the tone signal generator
5
.
A plurality of, for example, four channels are assigned to a sounding instruction (key on), and the tone (part sounds) assigned to the four channels is synthesized and is output as a tone. In this case, the on/off data of the four channels constituting a tone are simultaneously changed over to on (1) or off (0).
The channel memory areas store frequency number data FN, key number data KN and envelope data of part sounds to which the channels are assigned. Tone number data TN, touch data TC, tone time data TM, part number data PN, resonance degree data KD, on/off data and fluctuation level data SL are stored, too.
Therefore, the four part sounds constituting a tone, respectively, possesses frequency number data FN, key number data KN, envelope data, tone number data TN, touch data TC, tone time data TM, part number data PN, resonance degree data KD, on/off data, and fluctuation level data SL. Therefore, each tone has these tone number data TN and the like data in a number of four, respectively.
The on/off data indicates whether the tone (part sound) that is assigned to be sounded, is being keyed on or sounded on (1), or being keyed off or sounded off (0). The frequency number data FN represents the frequency of the part sound that is assigned and sounded on, and is converted from the key number data KN that is multiplied by the key number ratio data KR. The program/data storage unit
4
is provided with a table (decoder) for the conversion.
The envelope data comprises an envelope speed data ES and an envelope level data EL for each of the envelope phases. The envelope speed data ES represents a step value of operation per a period of digital operation of the envelope. The envelope level data EL represents a target value to be reached by the operation of the envelope for each of the phases. A counted value from a phase counter
50
that will be described later is stored as an envelope phase data EF in the assignment memory
60
. The envelope data are read out from the program/data storage unit
4
based on the musical factors such as tone number data TN or based on the selection operation by an operator using the group of panel switches
13
.
The key number data KN represents the pitch (frequency) of a tone that is assigned and sounded on, and is determined by the pitch data. The key number data KN is stored for all part sounds that constitute a tone. The key number data KN is additionally stored in the corresponding channel memory area of the assignment memory
60
every time when there is an on event, and the part sounds are assigned to the channels and are synthesized. The corresponding key number data KN is erased every time when there is an off event. The high-order data in the key number data KN represents a tone pitch range or octave, and the low-order data represents the tone name.
The tone number data TN represents the timbre of tone that is assigned and sounded on, and is determined depending on the timbre data. When the tone number data TN differs, the timbre differs and the tone waveform of the tone differs, too. The touch data TC represents the speed or strength of the sounding operation, and is determined depending on the touch data. The part number data PN represents the play area as described above, and is set depending on which play area the tone that is sounded is from. The tone time data TM represents the passage of time from the key on event.
The fluctuation level data SL represents the magnitude of fluctuation of the tone of the channels, i.e., of the part sounds. The fluctuation level data SL is multiplied on the synthesized fluctuation data SSW that will be described later to control the magnitude of fluctuation data of the part sounds. The fluctuation level data SL are read out based on the musical factors such as tone number data TN of a tone from a part sound table
10
that will be described later, or are input by the operator by using the group of panel switches
13
. The fluctuation level data SL may be added to the synthesized fluctuation data SSW or may be subjected to any other operation.
The data of the channel memory areas are written at an on timing and/or an off timing, are rewritten or read out at every channel timing, and are processed (treated) by the tone signal generator
5
. The assignment memory
60
may be provided in the program/data storage unit
4
or in the controller
2
instead of in the tone signal generator
5
.
The method for assigning the tones to the channels formed by the time-dividing process (treatment), i.e., to a plurality of tone-generating systems for generating a plurality of tones (part sounds) in parallel, or a truncating method, may be any one of those disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publications Nos. 42298/1989, 305818/1989, 312175/1989, 208917/1990, 409577/1990 and 409578/1990.
The channel areas of the assignment memory
60
may store the head addresses of fluctuation data SW in the fluctuation data memory
21
that will be described later or the number data for directly specifying the fluctuation data SW, and these data may be sent to an address register
25
that will be described later.
4. Musical Factors of Part Sounds.
FIG. 15
illustrates a part sound table
10
in the program/data storage unit
4
. The part sound table
10
stores musical factors of the part sounds. The tone number data TN of the tone are converted into tone number data TN of part sounds in the part sound table
10
. The musical waveform data MW and the fluctuation data SW are changed over and selected based on the tone number data TN of the part sounds. The tone number data TN of the part sounds are written into the channel areas of the assignment memory
60
.
The tone number data TN of the tone are converted into key number ratio data KR of the part sounds in the part sound table
10
. The key number ratio data KR of the part sounds are multiplied on the key number data KN of the tone thereby to find the key number data KN of the part sounds. The key number data KN of the part sounds are written into the channel areas of the assignment memory
60
. Based on the key number data KN of the part sounds, pitches of the part sounds are determined as shown in FIG.
16
.
Further, the tone number data TN of the musical tones (sounds) are converted into envelope data of the part sounds in the part sound table
10
. Based on the envelope data of the part sounds, envelope waveforms of the part sounds are determined as shown in FIG.
17
. The envelope data of the part sounds are written into the channel areas of the assignment memory
60
. The envelope data comprises an envelope speed data ES and an envelope level data EL for each of the envelope phases.
The tone number data TN of the tone are converted into fluctuation level data SL of the part sounds in the part sound table
10
. The magnitude of the synthesized fluctuation data SSW, i.e., the magnitude of the fluctuation amplitude is determined based on the fluctuation level data SL of the part sounds. The fluctuation level data SL of the part sounds are written into the channel areas of the assignment memory
60
.
The tone number data TN, key number ratio data KR, envelope data and fluctuation level data SL of each of the part sounds may be converted from other musical factors of the tone, instead of from the tone number data TN of the tone. Musical factors of the part sounds can be changed over and selected even by the selection operation by the operator using the group of panel switches
13
.
Other musical factors of the part sounds are typically not different depending upon the part sounds. They, however, may be different. For example, the touch data TC may be different for each of the part sounds. Accordingly, the touch properties differ for each of the part sounds. Moreover, the resonance degree data KD may be different for each of the part sounds. This makes the resonance characteristics different for each of the part sounds.
5. Fluctuation Data Generator
41
(No. 1)
FIG. 4
illustrates a portion of the fluctuation data generator
41
. A fluctuation data memory
21
in the fluctuation data generator
41
stores a plurality of fluctuation data SW corresponding to tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS, and resonance degree data KD. The fluctuation data SW of various forms are stored as shown in FIG.
6
. The fluctuation data SW are amplitude data sampling various points of the fluctuation waveforms and are, often, stored in a compressed manner as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) Nos. 126292/1990, 126293/1990 and 204696/1991.
The channel areas stored in the assignment memory
60
are specified for their addresses by the channel number data CHNo. The tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM and resonance degree data KD of each of the channels are successively changed over and are read out. The number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS are stored in a latch
28
.
Musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS that are read out, are converted into start address data ST and end address data ED through a fluctuation ROM
23
. The fluctuation ROM
23
stores start address data ST and end address data ED of the fluctuation data memory
21
corresponding to the data TN, TC, KN, TM, KD and SS.
The start address data ST are input to the address register
25
through a selector
24
. The address register
25
stores address data of a plurality of channels which are output being gradually shifted by clock signals
4
CHφ of a frequency 4 times as high as that of the channel clock signals CHφ. Therefore, four fluctuation data SW are read out per a tone (part sound) assigned to the channels.
Further, the lower two bits of the channel number data
4
CHNo having an increment speed four times as great as described above are fed as low-order read-out address data to the fluctuation ROM
23
, and the start address data ST, end address data ED and reading speed data RS are read out each in a number of four per a channel in a time-dividing manner.
When the musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS undergo a change, the start address data ST are changed over, causing the fluctuation data SW that are read out to be changed over. The switching data of a particular switch in the group of panel switches
13
operated by the operator is sent to the fluctuation ROM
23
, and is converted into the start address data ST and the end address data ED. Therefore, the fluctuation data SW that are read out undergo a change depending on the operation by the operator.
The start address data ST that are output of address register
25
are fed to the fluctuation data memory
21
thereby to read out the fluctuation data SW. The start address data ST is added up with a reading speed data RS through an adder
26
, and is fed back to the address register
25
through a selector
27
and the above-mentioned selector
24
. Thus, the start address data ST is successively incremented (increased) (+1), and the fluctuation data SW are read out from the head thereof.
The reading speed data RS added through the adder
26
is selected from the fluctuation ROM
23
depending upon the tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS for each of the channels. Therefore, the speed of generating the fluctuation data SW changes depending on the musical factors. The switching data of a particular switch in the group of panel switches
13
operated by the operator is sent to the fluctuation ROM
23
and is converted into the reading speed data RS. Therefore, the reading speed data RS changes depending upon the operation by the operator.
The reading speed data RS may not be smaller than “1” or may not be larger than “1”. When not larger than “1”, the address data given to the fluctuation data memory
21
comprises a high-order portion of the address data from the address register
25
. The on event signal ONEV is fed as a select signal to the selector
24
through an OR gate
27
. At the time of a key-on, the start address data ST is input to the address register
25
.
The end address data ED from the fluctuation ROM
23
is compared through a comparator
29
with a read-out address data from the address register
25
. When the read-out address data becomes larger than the end address data ED, a detection signal is fed as a select signal to the selector
24
through the OR gate
27
.
Therefore, the start address data ST is input again to the address register
25
, the read-out address data increments (increases) again from the start address data ST, and the fluctuation data SW are repetitively read out from the start address ST to the end address ED. Though not diagramed, in this case, a difference between the read-out address data and the end address data ED is added to a new start address data ST.
The four fluctuation data SW read out from the fluctuation data memory
21
are stored in the fluctuation register
31
, multiplied by weighting data WT1, WT2, WT3 and WT4 through multipliers
35
,
36
,
37
and
38
, and are operated (added up) and synthesized through an adder
39
. The fluctuation register
31
has four addresses, and is specified for its address by the low-order two bits of the channel number data
4
CHNo having an increment speed 4 times as great. The four fluctuation data SW have no periodicity or have a period several times as long as that of the musical waveform data MW.
The first synthesized fluctuation data SSW is sent to the frequency number accumulator
42
, envelope generator
44
and adder
47
, and is sent to a digital filter
51
that will be described next. The addition and synthesis of the fluctuation data SW make it possible to prepare a countless number of fluctuation data SW of kinds larger than those stored in the fluctuation data memory
21
, and to vary the fluctuation in various ways and in various modes.
The weighting data WT1, WT2, WT3 and WT4 are obtained by converting the tone time data TM read out from the assignment memory
60
by using the conversion table
30
. For example, the weighting data WT1 is obtained by multiplying the tone time data TM into ⅛ times, the weighting data WT2 is obtained by multiplying the tone time data TM into ⅜ times, the weighting data WT3 is obtained by multiplying the tone time data TM into ⅛ times by subtracting the tone time data TM from the data “1”, and the weighting data WT4 is obtained by multiplying the tone time data TM into ⅜ times by subtracting the tone time data TM from the data “1”. The weighting ratios may be other than those mentioned above, as a matter of course. The sum of the weighting data WT1, WT2, WT3 and WT4 is “1”.
Some of the weighting data WT1 to WT4 may have a value “0”. This permits some fluctuation data SW to be selected depending upon the musical factors or not selected, and changes over the selection of the fluctuation data SW. When some of the weighting data WT1 to WT4 having a value “0” is changed from a given weighting data WT over to another weighting data WT, the fluctuation data selected thereby can be changed over.
The weighting data WT1, WT2, WT3 and WT4 may be read out from the fluctuation ROM
23
depending upon the tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD, number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS, and switching data of a particular switch in the group of panel switches
13
operated by the operator for each of the channels. Therefore, the ratio of synthesizing the four weighting data WT varies depending upon a change in the musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS, and upon a change in the switching selection by the operator.
6. Fluctuation Generator
41
(No. 2).
FIG. 5
illustrates another portion of the fluctuation data generator
41
. A random number generator
50
generates random number data RN at all times. The random number data RN are used as fluctuation data SW having random values that are successively generated and in which any value appears at the same probability or the values appear at different probabilities. The random number data comprise a random number group (random noise), a normally random number group (normally random noise) an exponential random number group exponential random noise), a Poisson random number group (Poisson noise), a Gauss random number group (Gauss noise) white noise or pink noise.
The random number data RN or the first synthesized fluctuation data SSW are controlled through digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - passing through the selector
52
. The filter control may be a high-pass, a low-pass or a band-pass. The first synthesized fluctuation data SSW are controlled through the digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - passing through the selector
52
. The digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - permit particular frequency components of the random number data RN to be cut or pass, and cause the frequency characteristics (frequency spectrum, formant shape) to change. Depending on the cases, the digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - establish resonance at predetermined frequencies, cause the attenuation (level) of the random number data to change, and cause the cut-off frequency to change.
The selector
52
produces an output from many inputs, or produces a plurality of outputs. Upon switching the selector
52
, one or a plurality of fluctuation data SW (SSW) are selected, one or a plurality of digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - are selected, and combination of the fluctuation data SW (SSW) to be synthesized are selected.
The tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD of each of the channels read out from the assignment memory
60
and the number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS from the latch
28
, are also converted into filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - by the fluctuation ROM
23
through the latch
22
. When the musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS undergo a change, therefore, the filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - that are read out undergo a change, too.
Further, the switching data of a particular switch in the group of panel switches
13
operated by the operator are sent to the fluctuation ROM
23
, and are converted into the filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
,. Therefore, the filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - that are read out undergo a change depending upon the operation by the operator.
The filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - are multiplied by the envelope waveform data EN that will be described later through multipliers
53
A,
53
B,
53
C,
53
D, - - - , and are fed to the digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - . Accordingly, the frequency characteristics of the fluctuation data SSW (random number data RN) change depending upon the musical factors including the envelope data, and the filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - change depending upon the envelope data. A change in the filter characteristics causes a change in the above-mentioned frequency components (frequency band) characteristics and in the resonance frequency characteristics.
The filter-controlled (processed) random number data RN or the first synthesized fluctuation data SSW (random number data RN) from the digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - , the first synthesized fluctuation data SSW, and the random number data RN from the random number generator
50
, are weighted by being multiplied by the weighting data WT5, WT6, WT7 and WT8 through multipliers
54
A,
54
B,
54
C,
54
D, - - - , are selected by a selector
57
, and are output by being added up and synthesized through an adder
58
.
The selector
57
produces an output from many inputs or produces a plurality of outputs. Upon switching the selector
57
, musical components are selected to which the fluctuation is to be added. The musical components include a cycle of tone, amplitude, musical waveform, envelop, tone pitch, touch, timbre, etc.
The synthesized fluctuation data SSW are controlled for their levels by being multiplied by the fluctuation level data SL through multipliers
55
A,
55
B,
55
C,
55
D, - - - , and are sent to the frequency number accumulator
42
, envelope generator
44
and adder
47
. The fluctuation level data SL are stored in the channel areas of the assignment memory
60
. The fluctuation level data SL of part sounds are read out in a time-dividing manner, and are sent to the multipliers
55
A,
55
B,
55
C,
55
D, Thus, the magnitudes of fluctuations of the part sounds are controlled.
As described above, the fluctuation data SW (SSW) that are generated are subjected to the filter processing through the plurality of digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - . The fluctuation data SSW subjected to the filter processing are switched and selected through the selector
52
or
57
thereby to impart fluctuation to the generated musical waveform data MW (sound signal).
The generated fluctuation data SW (SSW) are subjected to the filter processing through a plurality of digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
c,
51
D, - - - . The thus filter-processed fluctuation data SW (SSW) are synthesized to impart fluctuation to the generated musical waveform data MW (sound signal). Thus, by simply synthesizing various fluctuation data SW (SSW) through the filter processing, it is allowed to change the fluctuation in various ways and in various modes.
Further, upon adding and synthesizing such fluctuation data SW (SSW), it is allowed to prepare countless number of fluctuation data SW of kinds larger than those of the random number data RN and than those stored in the fluctuation data memory
21
. Thus, the fluctuation can be changed in various ways and in various modes using random number data RN.
The tone time data TM and the like data read out from the assignment memory
60
are converted in the conversion table
59
, and form the above-mentioned weighting data WT5, WT6, WT7, WT8, - - - . For example, the tone time data TM is multiplied by ⅙ times to form the weighting data WT5, the tone time data TM is multiplied by {fraction (2/6)} times to form the weighting data WT6, and the tone time data TM is multiplied by {fraction (3/6)} times to form the weighting data WT7. The weighting ratios may be other than those mentioned above, as a matter of course. The sum of the weighting data WT5, WT6, WT7, - - - is “1”.
The weighting data WT5, - - - are multiplied by the envelope waveform data EN that will be described later through multipliers
61
A,
61
B,
61
C,
61
D, Accordingly, the weighting data WT5, - - - change depending on the musical factors inclusive of envelope data.
Some of the weighting data WT5, - - - has a value “0”. Therefore, the fluctuation data SW of random numbers or the filter-controlled fluctuation data SW are selected depending upon the musical factors or are not selected, thus the selection of the fluctuation data SW is changed. Further, when some of the weighting data WT5, - - - of “0” is changed from a given weighting data WT over to another weighting data WT, the fluctuation data SW selected depending thereupon is changed over.
Depending on the cases, the weighting data WT5, - - - are read out from the fluctuation ROM
23
depending upon the musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS for each of the channels, and upon the switching of a particular switch operated by the operator using the group of panel switches
13
. A change in the musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS and in the switching by the operator, therefore, causes a change in the ratio of synthesizing the fluctuation data SSW based on the weighting data WT.
All musical factors, i.e., tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS may be operated (added up) and synthesized, and the above-mentioned weighting data WT1, WT2, - - - , WT5, WT6, - - - may be selected and read out based on the synthesized data.
Thus, the ratio of synthesizing the fluctuation data SW (SSW) changes at the multipliers
35
,
36
,
37
,
38
,
54
A,
54
B,
54
C,
54
D, - - - depending on all musical factors. At the multipliers
55
A,
55
B,
55
C,
55
D, - - - , further, the ratio of distributing the synthetic fluctuation data SSW onto the musical components, i.e., onto the period or amplitudes, changes depending upon all musical factors.
The select data for the selectors
52
and
57
are fed from the controller
2
through latches
64
and
65
. The select data change depending upon the musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS for each of the channels. Therefore, the select data also change depending on the musical components of the tone, i.e., depending on the period or amplitude. The select data also change depending on the switching of a particular switch operated by the operator using the group of panel switches
13
. The selection of the selectors
52
and
57
is not alternative, but two inputs or all of three inputs can be selected.
Therefore, when the musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and. number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS of each of the channels as well as the operation by the operator, undergo a change, then, the fluctuation data SW of random numbers or filter-controlled fluctuation data SW are selected or not selected depending upon the musical factors, thus selection of the fluctuation data SW is changed.
The digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - may be reduced into one, and a plurality of fluctuation data SW having different frequency components (characteristics) may be formed by the time-dividing treatment. In this case, a plurality of filter characteristics data FC are read out from the fluctuation ROM
23
in a time-dividing manner, and are fed to the one digital filter.
The four fluctuation data SW read out from the fluctuation data memory
21
may be sent to the frequency number accumulator
42
, envelope generator
44
and adder
47
without being stored in the fluctuation register
31
. Therefore, different fluctuation data SW read out from the fluctuation data memory
21
are directly added and synthesized to the part sounds. In this case, the address register
25
is successively shifted by the channel clock signal CHφ.
In this case, the four fluctuation data SW are multiplied by the fluctuation level data SL
1
, SL
2
, SL
3
and SL
4
through the multipliers
35
,
36
,
37
and
38
, and are sent to the frequency number accumulator
42
, envelope generator
44
and adder
47
. The fluctuation level data SL
1
, SL
2
, SL
3
and SL
4
are stored in the channel areas of the assignment memory
60
. Here, the number of the time-dividing channels is four, which, however, may be larger than four.
The weighting data WT15, WT16, WT17, WT18, - - - may be fed to the multipliers
55
A,
55
B,
55
C,
55
D, instead of the fluctuation level data SL. The weighting data WT15, WT16, WT17, WT18, - - - are obtained by converting the tone time data TM read out from the assignment memory
60
using the conversion table
59
. Therefore, the ratio of distributing the synthesized fluctuation data SSW onto the musical components, i.e., onto the periods or amplitudes, varies at the multipliers
55
A,
55
B,
55
C,
55
D, - - - depending on all musical factors.
7. Fluctuation of Part Sounds.
FIG. 16
is a diagram illustrating the fluctuation of part sounds constituting a tone. Each part sound is obtained by dividing a tone depending on the frequency component, and forms a formant. Musical waveform data MW of the part sounds have waveforms of different shapes and also have formants of different shapes. The waveforms of the part sounds may be the same, as a matter of course.
The fluctuation data SSW are synthesized for the musical waveform data MW of the part sounds, envelope waveform data EN thereof and frequency number data FN thereof. Therefore, the frequency spectra of part sounds shown in
FIG. 16
(frequency components, formants) have varying magnitudes and slide toward the right or left along the frequency axis. Besides, the synthesized fluctuation data SSW added to the part sounds are different depending on the part sounds. Therefore, a change due to the fluctuation differs for each of the part sounds.
FIG. 17
is a diagram illustrating the fluctuations of part sounds constituting a tone. Each part sound is obtained by dividing a tone depending on the passage of time, and forms an independent envelope. The shapes of waveforms and levels of the envelope waveform data EN are different among the part sounds. The shapes of envelope waveforms and the some envelope levels may be the same among the part sounds, as a matter of course.
The fluctuation data SSW are synthesized for the envelope waveform data EN and the musical waveform data MW of the part sounds. Accordingly, the envelope waveforms of the part sounds have varying magnitudes in FIG.
17
. Besides, the synthesized fluctuation data SSW added to the part sounds are different depending on the part sounds. Therefore, a change due to the fluctuation differs for each of the part sounds.
The part sounds of FIG.
16
and the part sounds of
FIG. 17
are those of different tones. However, they may be the part sounds of the same tone. Then, the part sounds are divided on both the frequency components and on the time components.
8. Filter Characteristics Data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - .
FIG. 14
is a diagram illustrating the filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - stored in the fluctuation ROM
23
. A pair of filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, are read out in parallel, and are sent to the digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - .
The filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - are stored in plural sets in the fluctuation ROM
23
, and each set is switched and selected depending upon the musical factors such as tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS, and upon the operation by the operator.
9. Digital Filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - .
FIGS. 7 and 8
are diagrams illustrating the digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - .
FIG. 7
is a diagram illustrating a circuit portion for generating filter coefficients. The resonance frequency data fr among the filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - is doubled through a multiplier
91
, is fed to a cosine table
93
and to a sine table
94
, where a cosine signal and a sine signal are read out. Further, the resonance data RZ in the filter characteristics data FC
1
, FC
2
, FC
3
, FC
4
, - - - is converted into an inverse number data 1/RZ by an inverse number table
95
.
The cosine signal and the sine signal as well as the reciprocal (inverse) number data 1/RZ, are operated through multipliers
96
,
97
,
99
,
100
,
102
and adders
98
,
101
,
103
in
FIG. 7
, and where filter coefficients α, S, β and κ are found.
The thus found filter coefficients α, S, β and κ are fed to multipliers
110
,
112
,
114
,
116
,
118
and
120
in the IIR-type digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - in
FIG. 8
, and are subjected to the digital filter processing while passing through adders
11
,
115
,
119
and delay units
113
and
117
. The digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - are those of the FIR (infinite impulse response) type. However, the digital filters
51
A,
51
B,
51
C,
51
D, - - - may be those of the FIR (infinite impulse response) type or may be those of any other type.
10. Reading and Synthesis of Fluctuation Data SW.
FIG. 9
illustrates the contents (an example) of the fluctuation data SW read out and synthesized by the fluctuation data generator
41
. The fluctuation data SW to be selected are switched depending upon the musical factors shown in FIG.
9
. The fluctuation data SW to be selected are denoted by numbers
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
, - - - . The weighting data WT1 to WT4 are also switched depending on the musical factors shown in FIG.
7
. Further, reading speed (generation rate) of the fluctuation data SW is switched depending on the musical factors shown in FIG.
9
. The reading speed data RS have the same value for the four fluctuation data of a channel, but may have different values.
In
FIG. 9
, the selected fluctuation data SW are switched depending on the touch data TC and the key number data KN. The selected fluctuation data SW, however, may be switched depending upon the musical factors such as tone number data TN, tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS.
11. Envelope Generator
44
.
FIG. 10
is a diagram illustrating the envelope generator
44
. The musical factors such as frequency number data FN, tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN (high-order), tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD, part number data PN, and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS from the latch
28
for each of the channels of the assignment memory
60
as well as the selection-specifying data by the operator, are sent to the frequency number accumulator
42
. The musical waveform data MW depending upon the musical factors of these data TN, TC, KN, PN, TM, SS, KD and PN or upon the selection by the operator, are selected from a musical waveform memory
43
in a time-dividing manner.
The frequency number data FN are successively accumulated in a time-dividing manner, the high-order data of the accumulated values are sent as read-out address to the musical waveform memory
43
, and the selected musical waveform data MW are read out in a time-dividing manner at a speed (pitch) corresponding to the frequency number data FN. The musical waveform data MW that are read out are multiplied by the envelope data EN in a time-dividing manner through the multiplier
45
, and the musical waveform data of all channels are accumulated and synthesized through the accumulator
46
and are sounded by the sound system
6
.
The envelope speed data ES of each of the channels of the assignment memory
60
are successively accumulated through an adder
66
, a selector
67
and an envelope operation memory
68
in a time-dividing manner to operate the envelope operation data EN which is sent as the envelope waveform data EN to the multiplier
45
through the adder
71
. The envelope operation memory
68
has areas corresponding to the number of the time-dividing channels, stores the envelope operation data EN of the channels, and operates the envelops for each of the channels.
The synthesized fluctuation data SSW are fed to the adder
71
so as to be operated (added) and synthesized for the envelope waveform data EN. Accordingly, fluctuation is added to the envelope waveform to modulate the amplitude. The envelope waveform data EN is multiplied on the musical waveform data MW. Accordingly, the synthesized fluctuation data SSW are synthesized on the amplitude of the musical waveform data MW. The musical waveform data MW changes maintaining a constant (predetermined) amplitude waveform. This fluctuation causes the repeating waveform of a constant (predetermined) amplitude to fluctuate. The repeating waveform gradually changes with the passage of the sounding time.
The envelope operation memory
68
is specified for its addresses by the channel number data CHNo, and the specified addresses only are written/read out or are reset. The channel areas of the envelope operation memory
68
are individually reset (cleared) by an on event signal.
The comparator
69
is supplied with the envelope operation data EN that is to be operated (accumulated) and the envelope level data EL of each of the channels of the assignment memory
60
. When the envelope operation data EN becomes in agreement with, or exceeds, the envelope level data EL, the comparator
69
detects a phase end signal and outputs it. The phase end signal represents the end of phases of the envelopes. The phase end signal is sent to the selector
67
, and the envelope operation data EN is changed over to the envelope level data EL. The envelope level data EL is a target value of the phase envelope operations.
The phase end signal is input to a phase counter
70
where a count value is increased by +1. The phase counter
70
counts the phases of envelopes of the channels. The phase counter
70
is provided with counters of a number corresponding to the number of the time-dividing channels, and only those counters specified by the channel number data CHNO are enabled so as to increase the counted value or so as to be reset. The phase counter
70
is able to be set in advance and the following envelope phase data EF is set by the controller
2
.
The envelope phase data EF of the phase counter
70
are sent as address data to the assignment memory
60
. The envelope speed data ES and the envelope level data EL for each phase in each channel are read out or written. The envelope phase data EF are further fed to the controller
2
, and are written by the controller
2
into the assignment memory
60
.
The assignment memory
60
is specified for its addresses by the channel number data CHNo, and the specified addresses only are written/read out or cleared. The channel areas of the assignment memory
60
are individually reset (cleared) by an on event signal.
12. Frequency Number Accumulator
42
.
FIG. 11
is a diagram illustrating the frequency number accumulator
42
. The key number data KN of the channels of the assignment memory
60
are converted into frequency number data FN through a frequency number ROM
87
through a latch
80
.
The musical factors such as frequency number data FN, tone number data TN, touch data TC, key number data KN (high order), tone time data TM, resonance degree data KD, part number data PN and number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS from the latch
28
of each of the channels of the assignment memory
60
and the data for specifying the selection by the operator, are converted into bank data BK, initial frequency number data IF, repeat top data RT and repeat end data RE by a frequency repeat ROM
88
through a latch
89
depending upon the data TN, TC, KN, TM, SS, KD and PN.
At the time of an on event, the initial frequency number data IF is added up with the frequency number data FN through an adder
82
via a selector
81
, and is set to a frequency number register
84
through a selector
83
. The frequency number register
84
stores frequency number data FN of a plurality of channels, and is successively shifted by the channel clock signals CHφ.
Therefore, the frequency number data FN are successively accumulated with the initial frequency number data IF as an initial value for every dividing time of the
16
channels.
The frequency number data FN are added up with the synthesized fluctuation data SSW from the fluctuation data generator
41
through an adder
85
, and are accumulated. Therefore, the frequency is modulated depending on the synthesized fluctuation data SSW.
Accordingly, the frequency number data FN does not assume a constant value but fluctuates depending on the synthesized fluctuation data SSW, and is modulated for its frequency depending on the synthesized fluctuation data SSW. Though the musical waveform data MW change maintaining a constant (predetermined) periodic waveform, therefore, the constant (predetermined) periodic waveform fluctuates.
The repeat end data RE is fed to a comparator
86
. The comparator
86
has also been served with the accumulated frequency number data FNA from the adder
82
, and sends a comparison detection signal to the selector
83
when the accumulated frequency number data FNA exceeds the repeat end data RE. Therefore, the accumulated frequency number data FNA returns from the repeat end data RE to the repeat top data RT, and is successively accumulated.
The synthesized fluctuation data SSW are added to the frequency number data FN through the adder
85
, but may be added to the accumulated frequency number data FNA output from the selector
81
, instead. The fluctuation data SW may have the same nature as the sent data, may be added to the key number data KN through an adder, and the synthesized key number data KN may be set to the latch
80
. Further, the fluctuation data SW may be synthesized with the frequency number data FN or the key number data KN by using an operation circuit that realizes multiplication, subtraction, division or any other particular operation formula, in addition to addition.
13. Overall Processing.
FIG. 12
is a flow chart of the overall processing executed by the controller (CPU)
2
of FIG.
1
. The overall processing is started by the turn-on of the power source of the tone-generating apparatus, and is repetitively executed until the power source is turned off. First, a variety of initialization processings are executed for the program/data storage unit
4
(step
01
), and a sounding start processing is executed based on the manual play or the automatic play by the performance information-generating unit (not shown in
FIG. 1
) (step
03
).
In the sounding start processing, an empty channel is searched, and a tone related to an on event is assigned to the empty channel that is searched. The content of the tone is determined depending upon the performance information (tone-generating data) from the performance information-generating unit, musical factor data in the tone control data, and musical factor data that have been stored already in the program/data storage unit
4
.
In this case, on/off data “1”, frequency number data FN, envelope speed data ES, envelope time data EL, and envelope phase data EF “0” are written into the area of the assignment memory
60
of the empty channel that is searched. There are further written tone number data TN, touch data TC, part number data PN and tone time data TM “0”.
Then, a sounding end (decay) processing is executed based on the manual play or the automatic play in the keyboard
11
or the group of panel switches
13
(step
05
). In the sounding end (decay) processing, a channel to which a tone of an off event (key-off event, sounding end event) is assigned is searched, and the tone is decayed to end the sounding. In this case, the envelope phase of a tone related to the key-off event is released, and the envelope level gradually approaches “0”.
Besides, upon operating a variety of switches of the group of panel switches
13
, the musical factor data corresponding to the switches are fetched and are stored in the program/data storage unit
4
, whereby the musical factor data are changed (step
06
). Thereafter, other processings are executed (step
07
), and the processing is repeated from the step
02
up to the step
07
.
14. Elapsed Time of Sounding, Number of Simultaneous Soundings and Resonance Degree.
FIG. 13
is a flow chart of an interrupt processing executed by the controller
2
after every constant (predetermined) period. Through this processing, the tone time data TM (elapsed time of sounding) is increased, the number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS are counted, and the resonance degree data are calculated.
In this processing, the tone time data TM is increased by +1 (step
44
) for the data of which the on/off data is “1” and of which the tone is being sounded (step
43
) for each of the channel areas (steps
41
,
48
,
49
) of the assignment memory
60
.
Similarly, after the number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS in the latch
28
is once cleared (step
42
), the data of which the on/off data is “1” and of which the tone is being sounded are counted (step
43
), and the number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS is successively increased by +1 (step
45
) for each of the channel areas (steps
41
,
48
,
49
) of the assignment memory
60
. The number-of-simultaneous-soundings data SS that is counted is stored in the latch
28
.
Then, a difference between the key number data KN (frequency number data FN) and the key number data KN (frequency number data FN) of another channel area that is being sound, is determined for the data where the on/off data is “1” and when the tone is being sounded (step
43
) for each of the channel areas (steps
41
,
48
,
49
) of the assignment memory
60
. The key number data KN (frequency number data FN) is divided by this difference to find an inverse number of an integer part of the divided value. Further, a difference between a decimal part of the divided value and “0.5” is found, and a value which is {fraction (1/10)} or {fraction (1/100)} of the difference is added to the above inverse number (step
46
).
The operated values are further found among other key number data KN (frequency number data FN) that are being sounded, and are accumulated (step
47
) The accumulated value serves as the resonance degree data KD for the tone of the channel. The resonance degree data KD is found for all data of which the tones are being sounded (steps
41
,
48
,
49
,
43
).
Then, other periodic processings are executed (step
50
). Thus, the elapsed time of sounding of the tone is counted and stored for all channels, and is utilized as the sounding time data. Additionally, the number of the tones being sounded of from all channels are frequently counted and stored, and are utilized as the number-of-simultaneous soundings data. Further, the resonance degrees of the tones being sounded of from all channels are frequently calculated and stored, and are utilized as the resonance degree data KD.
The present invention is in no way limited to the above-mentioned embodiments only but can be modified in a variety of ways without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, the fluctuation data SW may be operated for the volume data, touch data TC, tone data TN and filter characteristics data. In this case, the fluctuation data SSW from the fluctuation data generator
41
are sent to the multiplier
45
and to the digital filter
17
and volume level controller in the sound system
6
.
Further, the touch data TC of the assignment memory
60
are sent by the controller
2
to the frequency number accumulator
42
, to the envelope generator
44
and to the fluctuation data generator
41
together with the tone number data TN and key number data KN. The fluctuation data SW are synthesized for the touch data TC that are sent, and are set to the latches
22
and
89
.
Additionally, the plurality of fluctuation data SW stored in the fluctuation data memory
21
may be stored for a group of other musical factors that are mentioned above. Therefore, the fluctuation data SW vary for the musical factors of each group. When the fluctuation data memory
21
has a large storage capacity, the fluctuation data SW of from the sounding start to the sounding end are all stored, and need not be read out repetitively.
The plurality of fluctuation data SW may be selected by operating the switches in the group of panel switches
13
, e.g., by operating a switch that selects the kind of effect. In this case, the operation data of the switch is used in place of the tone number data TN.
The musical waveform data MW are those in which a given waveform is periodically repeated. However, the musical waveform data MW may have a waveform of an attack portion that changes in a complex manner, may have a PCM waveform from the attack to the release which does not occur periodically, or may be noise that does not change periodically. Additionally, the sound signals need not have a periodic nature.
Claims
- 1. A device for adding fluctuation comprising:sound data generation means for generating a plurality of part sounds of an original tone; fluctuation data generation means for generating a plurality of fluctuation data, wherein each fluctuation data of said plurality of fluctuation data is different from each other, and wherein a plurality of fluctuation data is generated for each generated part sound; adding means for adding the plurality of generated fluctuation data to the plurality of generated parts sounds, wherein said adding means adds a plurality of different fluctuations to each of the part sounds; sound synthesizing means for synthesizing sounds resulting from the addition of the plurality of different fluctuations to each of the plurality of part sounds, and for outputting the synthesized sounds as a single sound that is a modification of the original tone.
- 2. The device according to claim 1,wherein the part sounds are simultaneously generated by a single sound instruction, and wherein each part sound has a corresponding formant, frequency spectrum, frequency component or time part.
- 3. The device according to claim 1,wherein the plurality of fluctuation data are selected from a larger plurality of fluctuation data, and wherein the fluctuation data are changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 4. The device according to claim 1,wherein the plurality of part sounds are selected from a larger variety of sound data, and wherein the parts sound are changed based or a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 5. The device according to claim 1,wherein each of the plurality of part sounds has a constant periodic waveform which changes periodically, but where the change is not due to the addition of fluctuation data.
- 6. The device according to claim 1,wherein the fluctuation data does not change periodically, or periodically changes over periods which are several times as long as periods in which the part sounds periodically change.
- 7. The device according to claim 1,wherein the fluctuation data is a random number that is generated from a random number generator; and wherein stored fluctuation waveform data of a stored fluctuation waveform is read out.
- 8. The device according to claim 1,wherein a generating speed of the fluctuation data is changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 9. The device according to claim 1,wherein the fluctuation data is generated based on being filtered through a plurality of digital filters, each filter having different filter characteristics, and wherein the filter characteristics are changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 10. The device according to claim 1,wherein the different plurality of fluctuation data is weighted, combined and synthesized, and wherein the weighted, combined and synthesized fluctuation data are changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 11. The device according to claim 1,wherein the fluctuation data is added to the period and amplitude of the generated part sounds.
- 12. The device according to claim 1,wherein the different plurality of fluctuation data is weighted, combined or synthesized, and wherein the combination, ratio of the weighting, or the synthesizing are changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 13. The device according to claim 1,wherein the fluctuation data is added to the period or the amplitude of the generated part sounds.
- 14. The device according to claim 1,wherein said fluctuation data generation means further includes a register that outputs four fluctuation data for each part sound input thereto.
- 15. The device according to claim 1, wherein said fluctuation data generation means further includesan assignment memory for storing said part sounds and musical factors of said parts sounds, and a conversion table for applying weighting factors to said plurality of fluctuation data, wherein said weighting factors are generated from said conversion table based on receiving at least one of said musical factors from said assignment memory.
- 16. The device according to claim 15, wherein said fluctuation data generation means further includes a plurality of multipliers for multiplying the generated fluctuation data by said weighting factors, wherein an output therefrom are a weighted plurality of fluctuation data that is thereafter added to said plurality of part sounds in said adding means.
- 17. A method of adding fluctuation comprising:generating a plurality of part sounds of a single original tone; generating a plurality of fluctuation data, wherein each fluctuation data of said plurality of fluctuation data is different from each other, and wherein said plurality of fluctuation data is generated for each of the plurality of generated part sounds; adding the generated plurality of fluctuation data to each of the generated part sounds, wherein a different plurality of fluctuations are added to each of the plurality of part sounds; synthesizing the sounds resulting from the addition of the different fluctuations to each of the part sounds; and outputting the synthesized sounds as a single sound that is a modification of said original tone.
- 18. The method according to claim 17,wherein the part sounds are simultaneously generated by a single sound instruction, each of the part sounds having a corresponding formant, frequency spectrum, frequency component or time part.
- 19. The method according to claim 17,wherein the fluctuation data is selected from a larger plurality of fluctuation data, and changed based on a musical category or musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 20. The method according to claim 17,wherein a generating speed of the fluctuation data is changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 21. The method according to claim 17,wherein the fluctuation data is generated based on being filtered through a plurality of digital filters, each filter having different filter characteristics, and wherein the filter characteristics are changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 22. The method according to claim 17,wherein the different plurality of fluctuation data is weighted, combined and synthesized, and wherein the weighted, combined and synthesized fluctuation data are changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 23. The method according to claim 17,wherein the fluctuation data is added to the period and amplitude of the generated part sounds.
- 24. The method according to claim 17, wherein said step of generating further includes outputting four fluctuation data for each generated part sound.
- 25. The method according to claim 17, wherein said step of generating fluctuation data further includesstoring said part sounds and musical factors of said parts sounds in an assignment memory, and applying weighting factors to said plurality of fluctuation data, wherein said weighting factors are generated from a conversion table based on at least one of said musical factors that are received from said assignment memory.
- 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein said step of generating fluctuation data further includes multiplying the generated fluctuation data by said weighting factors, wherein an output therefrom are a weighted plurality of fluctuation data that is thereafter added to said plurality of part sounds in said adding step.
- 27. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium having computer program logic stored thereon for enabling a processor to add fluctuation, the computer program logic comprising:generating sound data of a plurality of part sounds of an original tone; generating a plurality of fluctuation data, wherein each fluctuation data of said plurality of fluctuation data is different from each other, and wherein said plurality of fluctuation data is generated for each of the plurality of generated part sounds; adding the generated fluctuation data to each of the generated part sounds, wherein a plurality of different fluctuations are added to each of the plurality of part sounds; synthesizing the sounds resulting from the addition of different plurality of fluctuations to each of the plurality of part sounds; and outputting the synthesized sounds as a single sound that is a modification of the original tone.
- 28. The computer program product according to claim 27,wherein the part sounds are simultaneously generated by a single sound instruction, each of the part sounds having a corresponding formant, frequency spectrum, frequency component or time part.
- 29. The computer program product according to claim 27,wherein the fluctuation data is selected from a larger plurality of fluctuation data, and changed based on a musical category or musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 30. The computer program product according to claim 27,wherein the fluctuation data is generated based on being filtered through a plurality of digital filters, each filter having different filter characteristics, and wherein the filter characteristics are changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 31. The computer program product according to claim 27,wherein the different plurality of fluctuation data is weighted, combined and synthesized, and wherein the weighted, combined and synthesized fluctuation data are changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 32. The computer program product according to claim 27,wherein the fluctuation data is added to the period and amplitude of the generated part sounds.
- 33. The computer program product according to claim 27, wherein the different plurality of fluctuation data is weighted, combined or synthesized, andwherein the combination or the ratio of the weighting, or the synthesizing is changed based on a musical category or a musical factor of the part sounds, or from selection by an operator.
- 34. The computer program product according to claim 27, wherein the fluctuation data is added to the period or the amplitude of the generated part sounds.
- 35. The computer program product of claim 27, wherein said step of generating fluctuation data further includes outputting four fluctuation data for each generated part sound.
- 36. The computer program product of claim 27, wherein said step of generating fluctuation data further includesstoring said part sounds and musical factors of said parts sounds in an assignment memory, and applying weighting factors to said plurality of fluctuation data, wherein said weighting factors are generated from a conversion table based on at least one of said musical factors that are received from said assignment memory.
- 37. The computer program product of claim 36, wherein said step of generating fluctuation data further includes multiplying the generated fluctuation data by said weighting factors, wherein an output therefrom are a weighted plurality of fluctuation data that is thereafter added to said plurality of part sounds in said adding step.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
10-369954 |
Dec 1998 |
JP |
|
US Referenced Citations (4)
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
6259067 |
Sep 1994 |
JP |