FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention describes a device used in the field of biological and genetic engineering, especially a device for cell cultivation, cell transformation and biological experiments.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the field of microbiology, especially in the field of biological engineering and genetic engineering, researchers have to verify their theories, ideas and designs by means of experiments on cell cultures. These experiments often include but are not limited to the following steps:
- 1. Cell cultivation, especially making the cells grow and multiply in a liquid nutrient medium;
- 2. Measuring the cell concentration in the liquid nutrient medium;
- 3. Separating the cells from the liquid nutrient medium;
- 4. Resuspending the cells with fresh liquid.
- 5. Transforming cells by means of chemical, electrical, or other physical means, and by introducing genetic material such as plasmids or oligonucleotides, etc.;
- 6. Sterilizing the instruments with alcohol or other agents;
- 7. Rinsing the instruments with water.
The current laboratory practice accomplishes the above steps through a sequence of manual operations on small batches of cells. The commonly used traditional experimental instruments include: test tube, shaker flask, shaking table, Petri dish, cuvette, syringe, pipette, centrifuge, membrane filter, and so on. When multiple rounds of experiments are required to achieve a desired result, considerable time and repetitive manual labor has to be invested in the process.
Of course, it is possible to combine conventional equipment into small plants and add control systems to achieve some degree of automation. The main drawback of this approach is that the different components are usually not meant to be combined and do not have matching specifications. The resulting bio-chemical plant will be too big and the required volume of cell culture will be too large for convenient use in a laboratory or with expensive materials.
SUMMARY
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a compact, flexible and automated device for cell culturing and processing, which, may be used for different experimental projects, substitute repetitive manual handling, save time and labor, avoid wasting of raw materials, and minimize the risk of human exposure to potentially dangerous substances.
The technical solution for solving the above problem by the present invention is a device for cell culturing and processing, comprising at least one central distribution compartment, at least one incubation compartment; at least one processing compartment, a number of ducts to transfer fluids between said compartments, wherein a distribution cavity and a piston capable of moving back and forth in said distribution cavity for altering the operational volume of said distribution cavity are provided within said central distribution compartment, and a distribution valve controlling the connection between said distribution cavity and said ducts is provided at one end of said distribution cavity within the distribution compartment.
During operation, the cells grow and multiply in the incubation compartment. After connecting the incubation compartment to the distribution cavity by choosing a suitable position of the distribution valve in the central distribution compartment, liquid can be transferred between the compartments by moving the piston within the distribution cavity. Likewise, the distribution cavity can be connected to any of the processing compartments, which offer the possibility to accomplish tasks including removing cells from the nutrition medium and re-suspending them in another liquid, cooling, heating, optical density measurement, conductivity measurement, electro-transformation, and exposure to electro-magnetic radiation.
As a furthermore improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that said central distribution compartments, said incubation compartments, said processing compartments are built as separate entities; furthermore, the distribution valve within the central distribution compartment comprises an essentially cylindrical valve cavity at one end of the distribution cavity and an essentially cylindrical valve core inserted into said valve cavity. The valve core is able to rotate within said valve cavity, and a multitude of flow channels which are provided in the valve core can establish different connections between said distribution cavity and any of the ducts leading to the distribution compartment's fitting surfaces by rotating the valve core.
As a furthermore improvement of the technical solution of the present invention we consider that at least one incubation compartment comprises an incubation cavity constructed by a cylindrical shell, a plug arranged at the top end of the shell, and a multiway valve arranged at the bottom end of said shell, said plug comprises an air hole, said multiway valve is fitted with at least two fitting surfaces and provided with an essentially cylindrical valve cavity, and ducts to connect the valve cavity to the fitting surfaces and the incubation cavity. An essentially cylindrical valve core is inserted into said valve cavity and able to rotate in the valve cavity. At least two flow channels are provided in said valve core, said flow channels being able to connect the first or second fitting surface to said incubation cavity or the two fitting surfaces when rotating the valve core in the valve cavity.
The design of the incubation compartment can be improved further if a sleeve is set at the outside of said shell, a cavity is formed between said sleeve and said shell, an exit and an entrance to said cavity are arranged at two opposite ends of said sleeve, a helical partition wall is provided in said cavity to form a helical channel surrounding said shell and connecting the exit and the entrance. The cavity between sleeve and shell can be used to control the incubators temperature by passing heating or cooling liquid through the cavity.
An alternative solution to provide heating/cooling capability to the incubator is to use a helical duct surrounding said shell, characterized in that the inner diameter of said helical duct is slightly less than the outer diameter of the incubation cavity when the helical duct is not mounted on the shell.
To add the ability to interact with cell suspension by means of electrical currents or voltages to the present invention, a processing compartment is provided with a duct and two electrodes. Those electrodes are arranged opposite to each other at both sides of the duct and electric couplers provided at the outer ends of said two electrodes can be used to connect an external power supply or a measurement amplifier. The electrodes can be separated by a non-conductive member for safety purposes and a flow guide can be grafted onto said member to guide the fluid flow between the electrodes.
To add the ability to separate cells from the medium and to re-suspend cells in fresh medium, a processing compartment comprises a main duct and filter unit dividing said main duct into a front segment and a back segment. Said filter unit comprises a filter membrane and a porous support arranged at the back side of said filter membrane. The body of the processing compartment comprises a front part and a rear part which may be assembled into a whole body. A cavity for the membrane and porous support is formed between said front part and said rear part. On the front side of the filter membrane, a helical fluid guide is grafted into the front half part and connected to a duct leading to a third fitting surface for injecting external fluid between said filtration membrane and said front half part.
Another possibility to provide filtration and re-suspension capability is to use a filter tube instead of a flat membrane. An appropriate processing compartment is provided with an elongated filtration cavity connected at one end to a fitting surface via a duct. A choke plug is tightly fitted into said processing compartment at the other end of said filtration cavity. The choke plug has an internal duct and a fitting surface. A membrane filter tube inserted into said filtration cavity is attached to the inner end of said choke plug in such a way, that the duct is connected to the inside of the membrane filter tube. An additional duct connects a fitting surface at the side wall of the processing compartment with the filtration cavity, and said additional duct merges with the filtration cavity in tangential direction.
To improve re-suspension of cells from the membrane filter tube, the inner wall of the filtration cavity can be provided with a helical fluid guide. On one end, the fluid guide is connected to said additional port and arranged surrounding the membrane filter tube.
To add the ability to measure cell concentration, a processing compartment is provided with a cavity and ducts that connect said cavity to two fitting surfaces. The processing compartment is provided with an optical pathway penetrating the cavity at an angle. The two ends of said optical pathway are formed by a light source and a light sensor respectively, said light source and light sensor are connected to the cavity by means of a transparent waveguide component.
Instead of using a separate entity for cell concentration measurement, the optical pathway can be placed at an angle to the distribution cavity in the central distribution compartment. This will reduce the number of steps required to measure cell concentration as the concentration can be measured as soon as the cell suspension enters the distribution cavity.
The benefit of the present invention is that a compact, flexible and automated assembly of different compartments offers to eliminate repetitive manual labor, shorten waiting and processing times, and reduce the possibility of human error and exposure to potentially harmful or dangerous agents. In addition the modular design allows to run different kinds of processes and to combine systems to run several experiments in parallel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of the central distribution valve.
FIG. 3 shows the valve core of an embodiment of the central distribution valve rotated to position I
FIG. 4 shows the valve core of an embodiment of the central distribution valve rotated to position II.
FIG. 5 shows the valve core of an embodiment of the central distribution valve rotated to position III.
FIG. 6 shows the valve core of an embodiment of the central distribution valve rotated to position III′.
FIG. 7 shows the valve core of an embodiment of the central distribution valve rotated to position IV.
FIG. 8 is the sectional view of the location A-A in the FIG. 1.
FIG. 9 is the sectional view of the location B-B in the FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 shows a second possible embodiment of the incubation compartments heating/cooling jacket.
FIG. 11 shows a possible embodiment of the electrical processing compartment.
FIG. 12 is the sectional view of the location C-C in the FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 shows a first possible embodiment of a filtration compartment.
FIG. 14 is the sectional view of the location D-D in the FIG. 13.
FIG. 15 shows an exploded view of the filtration compartment's embodiment shown in FIG. 12.
FIG. 16 shows a second possible embodiment of the filtration compartment.
FIG. 17 is the sectional view of the location E-E in the FIG. 16.
FIG. 18 shows a modification of the second possible embodiment of the filtration compartment.
FIG. 19 shows a first possible embodiment of the cell density measurements compartment.
FIG. 20 shows a second possible embodiment of the cell density measurements compartment.
FIG. 21 illustrates the idea of using a common shape as the basis to design the different compartments.
FIG. 22 shows a possible embodiment of a combined processing compartment with filtration and electrical processing capability
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the FIG. 1 to FIG. 22, the present invention describes a device for cell cultivation and bioengineering experiments, comprising a central distribution compartment 1, at least one incubation compartment 2, at least one processing compartment 3, a plurality of ducts 4 to accomplish fluid transfer between said compartments, wherein, a piston 12 is capable of moving back and forth in a distribution cavity 11 of the central distribution compartment 1 for changing the operation volume of said distribution cavity 11, a central distribution valve 13 is used to control the connection between said distribution cavity 11 and any one of said ducts 4, and said central distribution valve 13 is located at one end of the distribution cavity 11 within said central distribution compartment 1.
Refer to the FIG. 1 which shows a simple embodiment of the invention as an example. It comprises of one central distribution compartment 1, one incubation compartment 2, and a single processing compartment 3, for which—for the sake of this description—a simple filtration compartment is chosen as example. Surrounding the central distribution valve 13 the central distribution compartment 1 provides three fitting surfaces capable of connecting to other compartments, in this case the incubation compartment 2, the processing compartment 3, and an external connector 243. Inside the central distribution compartment 1, three ducts 14 lead from the central distribution valve 13 to the three fitting surfaces. The central distribution valve 13 comprises the valve cavity 131 arranged at one end of the distribution cavity 11 and the valve core 132 inserted into the bore 131 and capable of rotating within the valve cavity 131. The valve cavity 131 and the valve core are mainly cylindrical in nature, but may have a tapered wall to reduce leakage between the walls of the valve cavity 131 and the valve core 132. One or more flow channels 133 are provided inside the valve core 132 or on its surface in such a way that said channels 133 may connect the distribution cavity 11 with any of the ducts 14 when the valve core 132 is rotated.
As shown in FIG. 2, one end of the valve core 132 of the distribution valve 13 is provided with a protuberance 134 on one end and a fixation element 135 (such as a Seeger snap ring or a disc spring) on the other end which are used to fix the valve core 132 in the correct axial position inside the valve cavity 131. Obviously, a fixation element 135 may also replace the protuberance 134 to define the axial position of the valve core 132 inside the valve cavity 131.
The flow channels 133 of the valve core 132 may have different shapes. For example, a flow channel 133 may penetrate through the valve core 132 or it may be located at the surface of the valve core 132. The valve core 132 shown in FIG. 1 uses a penetrating flow channel 133 to connect two locations on opposite sides of the valve cavity 131 and two flow channels at the surface of the valve core 132 to connect locations which are approximately at a 90 degree angle. By adjustment, the length of flow channels 133 may be chosen to adapt to angles other than 90 or 180 degrees.
Two elastic seal elements 136 are arranged at the two sides of the flow channels 133 on the valve core 132 to prevent fluid leakage along the long axis of the valve core 132.
The FIG. 3 to FIG. 7 show four operation positions of the central distribution valve 13 shown in FIG. 1. When the valve core 132 rotates to position I, the incubation compartment 2 is connected to the distribution cavity 11, and the processing compartment 3 is connected to duct 14 therebelow which allows to transfer fluids from an external source through an external connector 243.
When the valve core 132 rotates to position II, the distribution cavity 11 is connected to said processing compartment 3, while the ducts 14 thereabove and therebelow are closed off.
When the valve core 132 rotates to position III, the incubation compartment 2 and the processing compartment 3 are connected, while the distribution cavity 11 is connected to the duct 14 therebelow (e.g. to draw fluids from an external source into the distribution cavity 11). It should be noted that, in position III, in order to prevent the connection of the incubation compartment 2 and the processing compartment 3, the position may be changed by a few degrees from position III to position III′. Because the diameters of the distribution cavity 11 and the ducts 14 are different, the distribution cavity 11 may remain connected to the duct 14 therebelow, while keeping the other ducts 14 closed off.
When the valve core 132 rotates to position IV, all of the ducts 14 and the distribution cavity 11 are separated from each other; this position may be used for the standby mode of the equipment.
It is obvious to those skilled in the art that, the valve with slightly different characteristics can be obtained by varying the position, number, and length of the flow channels 133 and ducts 14 with respect to the distribution cavity 11.
In the present invention, the piston 12 is inserted into the distribution cavity 11 within the central distribution compartment 1 and may move axially in said distribution cavity 11. The piston 12 comprises of a rigid member 121 connected to a linear actuating device (not shown) and a flexible member 122 attached to the front end of said rigid member 121. This type of design is known from medical syringes and the syringe pump, and to use the design for the present invention possessed the following three advantages:
- (i) The motion of piston 12 and its flexible member 122 along the walls of the distribution cavity 11 can keep the inner wall of said distribution cavity 11 clean. The self-cleaning function eliminates the need for additional cleaning steps and allows to use the same central distribution compartment 1 for different kinds of media;
- (ii) The motion of piston 12 and its flexible member 122 along the walls of the distribution cavity 11 can be used to draw and push liquids of different viscosity, solid-liquid suspensions (such as cell suspensions), and gases;
- (iii) By using the cross-sectional area of the distribution cavity 11, the linear motion of piston 12 can be easily used to calculate dispensed volumes or volumetric flow rates. If the driving force from the linear actuator is known, the system pressure can be calculated as well.
In addition, the central distribution valve 13 is located directly at one end of the distribution cavity 11, which reduces the residual fluid volume between the distribution cavity 11 and the distribution valve 13 to the minimum.
Refer to the FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the incubation compartment 2 comprises a cultivation cavity 23 constructed by a cylindrical shell 21 and a plug 22 arranged at the top end of the shell 21 and a multiway valve 24 arranged at the bottom-end of the shell. The plug 22 comprises an air hole 221 and seals the shell 21 with an elastic sealing element 222. The multiway valve 24 adopts a similar design to the central distribution valve 13, and is fitted into a standard shape block 241, said standard shape block being able to connect to other compartments through the provided fitting surfaces. As the central distribution valve 13, the multi-way valve 24 has a valve cavity, a plurality of ducts, and a valve core 242 inserted into said valve cavity and capable of rotating in said valve cavity. An external connector 243 is mounted to the standard shape block 241, and flow channels 244 which are provided on the valve core 242 allow to establish a connection between said external connector 243 and the duct 4 leading to the cultivation cavity. If air is blown into the device and lead from said connector 243 to the cultivation cavity 23, the generated bubbles will provide oxygen for the cells within the cultivation cavity 23 and kinetic energy to agitate and blend the cell suspension in the cultivation cavity 23. By rotating the valve core 242, the flow channels 244 may also isolate the cultivation cavity 23, or establish a connection between the cultivation cavity 23 and the central distribution valve.
In one embodiment of the invention, a sleeve 25 is set at the outside of the shell 21, such that a cavity 26 is formed between the sleeve 25 and the shell 21. An exit 251 and entrance 252 are connected to the cavity 26 and arranged at two opposite ends of the sleeve 25. Cooling or heating fluid may be transported into the formed cavity 26 through the entrance 252 and returned to the heating/cooling system through the exit 251. In order to improve the heat conduction, a helical partition wall is provided in the cavity 26 to form a helical channel surrounding the shell 21 and connecting the exit 251 and the entrance 252 to guide the fluid flow (not shown).
Another embodiment of heating or cooling the culture cavity 23 is shown in the FIG. 10, wherein a helical duct 27 is provided surrounding the shell 21, and the heating or cooling fluid runs in the helical duct 27. The inner diameter of the helical duct is slightly less than the outer diameter of the sleeve 21, thus the helical duct 27 clings to the shell 21. When it is necessary to remove the duct 27, it can be unwound slightly to increase its inner diameter. The advantage of this design is that the heating/cooling fluid remains well contained inside the helical duct 27 when said helical ducts is removed.
In the following, several embodiments of possible processing compartments 3 are described, in particular, an electric processing compartment, two embodiments of a filtration compartment, and two embodiments of a cell density measurement compartment.
FIGS. 11 and 12 shows an electric processing compartment comprising of a standard shape block 311 with ducts 4 which are accessible through fitting surfaces. Two electrodes 312 are inserted into the standard shape block 311 on opposite sides of the duct 4, electric connectors 313 are provided at the outer ends of said two electrodes and are used to connect an external power supply or an electric measurement device. Specifically, the standard shape block 311 is made from electrically insulating material, and allows exposing the cell suspension to AC voltage, DC voltage, or a transient voltage pulse. This interaction may be used for measuring the electric properties of the cell suspension between the electrodes or for altering the cell properties, for example a short transient current created by high voltage pulse may temporarily render cell membranes open for transport of plasmids or the oligonucleotides into the cell (electro-transformation). During operation, the power supply will be connected to electrodes 312 through the connectors 313, a certain small volume of cell suspension will be transported into the cavity between the two electrodes 312, and exposed to the voltage. The frequency of the electric shocks can be matched to the flow rate of the cell suspension to avoid over-exposure. To avoid the accidental contact of the two electrodes 312, an insulating member 314 is arranged between the two electrodes 312, and a flow channel for guiding the fluid between the electrodes 312 is formed by said insulating member 314.
FIG. 13, FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 show a first possible embodiment of a processing compartment with filtration capability. The filtration compartment is encapsulated in a standard shape block 321 and a main duct 4 connects the fitting surfaces with the membrane cavity. The membrane cavity contains a filter membrane 322 and a porous component 323 which divide the main duct into a front and a back segment. The standard shape block 321 comprises a front part 324 and a rear part 325 which may be assembled into a whole body, while a cavity for the filter membrane 322 and a porous component 323 is arranged between said front and rear parts. Changing the filter membrane 322 may be accomplished by means of detaching the front part 324 and the rear part 325. A helical flow guide 326 is grafted into the front section 324 in such a way that it is in close proximity to the filter membrane 322 when the front 324 and rear 325 parts are joined together. The helical flow guide 326 is connected to a port 327 for injecting fluid from the side of the front part 324. During operation, cell suspension first flows through the front part 324 until it reaches the filter membrane 322, the liquid passes the filter membrane 322 and the porous component 323, while the cells are deposited in the residue liquid on the surface of the filter membrane 322 in the helical flow guide 326. After filtering, the cells deposited on the surface of the filter membrane 322 may be re-suspended by means of two measures:
- (i) Fresh fluid may be introduced through the rear part 325 and pressed through the filter membrane 322 from the back side of the filter membrane 322;
- (ii) Fresh fluid may be injected into the front part 324 through the port 327 and the helical flow guide 326 which causes the fresh fluid to flow over the cells deposited on the filter membrane 322.
While cells are being deposited on the filtration membrane 322 at the beginning of the process, port 327 is closed off, preferably by connecting a standard shape block with a valve to the fitting surface around port 327. This makes sure that cell suspension will not escape through port 327, but will be passed through the filter membrane 322 as described above.
FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 show a second possible embodiment of a filtration compartment 331 whose outer dimensions are equivalent to the combined size of several standard shape blocks. The filtration compartment 331 provides a filtration cavity 332 which is connected to a fitting surface by a duct 4. Inside the filtration cavity, a filter membrane tube 334 is placed. A choke plug 333 with an internal duct 4 and a tubular membrane filter arranged on a cylinder shaped protuberance on the inner side of the choke plug 333 and joint tightly to the choke plug 333 with resin, is inserted into the filtration compartment at the other end of the filtration cavity. Once inserted, the choke plug 333 constitutes one end of the filtration cavity 332 and is sealed against the housing of the compartment by an elastic sealing element. During operation, the cell suspension enters into the filtration cavity 332 from the side with the free end of the tubular filtration membrane 334, and flows along the outside of the tubular filtration membrane 334. By designing the diameter of the filtration cavity 332 to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tubular filtration membrane 334, the volume between the filtration cavity 332 and the tubular filtration membrane 334 may be controlled to be very small. While the liquid passes through the tubular filtration membrane 334 and the duct 4 in the choke plug 333, the cells are deposited at the outside surface of tubular filtration membrane 334. For this second embodiment of the filtration compartment, there are two methods to re-suspend the cells deposited on the outside of the tubular filtration membrane:
- (1) Fresh fluid may be introduced through the duct 4 in the choke plug 333 and pressed to penetrate reversely through the tubular filtration membrane 334;
- (2) Fresh fluid may enter into the filtration cavity 332 from the port 335, to generate a helical flow pattern around the tubular filtration membrane 334 which will lift the deposited cells off the surface of the tubular filtration membrane 334.
Refer to the FIG. 18, as a further improvement of the second embodiment, the inner wall of the filtration cavity 332 can be lined with a helical flow guide 336, which is connected to the port 335 and arranged surrounding the tubular filtration membrane 334. Fresh fluid can thus flow through port 335 into the helical flow guide 336 which will impose and intensify a helical flow pattern of the liquid around the tubular filtration membrane 332 thus effectively lifting cells off the surface of the tubular filtration membrane 332 and re-suspending them in the fresh liquid. Similarly, controlling the inner diameter of the second guide slot 336 can be used to reduce the residual fluid volume in the filtration compartment as much as possible.
FIG. 19 shows a possible embodiment of a processing compartment with optical cell concentration measurement capability. It is contained in a standard shape block 341 provided with a duct 4 linking two fitting surfaces of the standard shape block 341, which is provided with an optical channel penetrating the duct 4 at an angle, comprising a light source 343, two light guides 344 on either side of the duct 4, and a light sensor 342. The light emitting from the light source 343 (e.g. a light emitting diode, LED), will travel through the first light guide 344, may interact with the cell suspension inside the duct 4, enter the light guide 344 on the opposite side and then be received by the light sensor 342 (such as the photo-diode or photo-transistor). Cell density can then be estimated from the amount of light which has been extinguished through the interaction of light and cells in the suspension (as compared to a liquid without cells, e.g. using the Beer-Lambert-Equation).
As shown in the FIG. 20, the cell concentration measurement can also be done in the central distribution compartment 1, by arranging the optical channel as penetrating at an angle through the distribution cavity 11. This design not only reduces the liquid volume required for the cell density measurement, but also reduces the need for mechanical movement. Once the connection from the incubation compartment 2 to the central distribution compartment 1 has been established, cell concentration can be measured as soon as the cell suspension reaches to the cavity 11. Furthermore, on account of the greater diameter of the distribution cavity 11, a more accurate measurement can be performed along the longer optical path through the cell suspension.
In order to allow experimenters to arrange the compartments freely according to their experimental design, the present invention adopts the idea of a “standard shape block” as the basis of all compartments. FIG. 21 illustrates this idea by using a common square shape 5 as the footprint of the “standard shape block” of all the compartments', in particular, the example shown in FIG. 21 combines two incubation compartments 2 with their multi-way valves, a central distribution compartment 1, a single processing compartment 3, and three additional multi-way valves. The footprint of all aforementioned compartments except the central distribution compartment 1 is one times the common square shape 5, the central distribution compartment 1 has a footprint which is built from three common square shapes 5. Thus all compartments may be combined easily into different arrangements for different experimental designs.
The FIG. 22 shows a combined processing compartment. The aforesaid electric processing compartment and the filtration compartment with a flat filter membrane are combined in a standard shape block. The advantage of this combination is reducing the suspension volume of the duct 4 as more as possible, and meets the design of the common shape 5.
Refer to the FIG. 1, in order to connect the two adjacent compartments, the external exits of the ducts 4 of the different compartments will align with each other the boundaries of the compartments are aligned. Around each exit of the ducts 4, a groove 41 may be provided for a sealing element to prevent liquid leakage in the joint.
In order to ensure good alignment of two adjacent compartments, compartments can be equipped with matching holes 43 in the fitting surface in such a way that alignment by means of the simple connector element 44 can be guaranteed, wherein the connector element 44 may be a simple cylindrical pin or a flat key.
Certainly, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the skilled person in the field may think of equivalent modifications or alternatives in the premise of not prejudice to the which are also in agreement with the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or alternatives are all be comprised in the scope defined by the claims of this application.
Patent Application
20170130183
