This nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2013 006 405.8, which was filed in Germany on Apr. 13, 2013, and which is herein incorporated by reference.
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a device for comminuting feedstock.
Description of the Background Art
Such devices fall within the field of mechanical process engineering, particularly the comminution of feedstock by means of cutting, shearing, tearing, or breaking up. But the breaking of the bond of composite materials, with which a comminution of the feedstock always proceeds, is also within the scope of the present invention. Within the meaning of the invention, prior-art devices are, for example, shredders, cutting mills, hammer mills, and the like. Generic devices therefore are suitable for comminuting piece and bulk goods, particularly plastics with and without admixtures, wood, scrap wood, paper, cardboard, cellulose, textiles, waste materials, rubber, natural rubber, resins, leather, foodstuffs, semi-luxury food, and feedstuffs, minerals, pigments, dyes, pharmaceuticals, metals, composite materials such as electronic waste, cables, used tires, and the like. Other feedstock originates from the recovery of reusable materials during recycling, for example, for their reuse as alternative fuels.
The basic principle of material processing results from the interaction of rotating cutting, shearing, or tearing tools with stationary tools or, however, from the impact energy of rapidly rotating impact tools such as hammers, plates, and the like, which break up the feedstock. After sufficient comminution, the feedstock is removed from the device via a screen deck, whereby the screen deck can function in addition as a comminution tool. The screen therefore divides the housing interior functionally into an upstream comminution region and a downstream comminution region for the removal of already comminuted material.
US 200600118671 A1 discloses a generic device having a rotor-accommodating housing. The rotor is formed by a drive shaft on which a plurality of rotor discs sit concentrically. The rotor discs are equipped over their circumference with tooth-like comminuting tools and act together with stator tools disposed in a stationary manner in the housing. A wear ring is disposed concentrically to the drive shaft in each case on the front rotor discs of the rotor. The rotor penetrates the housing in the axial direction, to which end the housing walls have circular openings. The rotor is mounted in bearings outside the housing.
A screen deck, having screen supports and a perforated screen, extends over the rotor circumferential section running below the drive shaft, whereby the perforated screen while maintaining a radial distance follows the outer circumference of the two wear rings, so that a sealing gap through which accordingly small particles in the feedstock can leave the housing results between the perforated screen and wear rings.
Because the partially cylindrical shape of the perforated screen is produced by rolling, production-related tolerances result with respect to the curvature of the perforated screen. Subsequently, the perforated screen and the wear ring do not run constantly parallel to one another, but the radial width of the sealing gap varies over the circumference of the perforated screen. In areas where the sealing gap is wider, a negative effect on the sealing action therefore cannot be prevented. A further disadvantage is that because of the design type the gap always aligns axially with the inner circumference of the perforated screen. The operator of such a device is therefore restricted to this machine geometry.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device in such a way that a sealing action of a sealing gap between a screen deck and rotor is uniform over the entire length. A further object is that the type of material processing can be adapted to the feedstock by suitable structural measures in the area of the sealing gap.
In an embodiment, an advantage of the invention emerges from the possibility of not having to produce an arcuate sealing element of the invention, in contrast to perforated screens, by rolling, but by cutting, rotating, or milling from a plate. These types of machining enable very high precision in the fabrication of the sealing element edge facing the rotor, as a result of which the necessary curvature is maintained precisely over the entire length of the sealing element. The sealing gap formed with the rotor therefore has a uniform radial width over its entire length, with the result that the sealing effect of the sealing gap is constant over its length.
Moreover, the parts for forming the sealing gap are functionally decoupled from the parts for forming the screen deck by the provision of an arcuate sealing element on the front side of the screen deck. This opens the possibility to be able to adjust the relative position of the sealing gap in regard to the perforated screen by selecting suitable radii of the ring discs and sealing elements with respect to the rotor axis. In a first embodiment, the radius and thereby the curvature of the sealing element correspond to that of the perforated screen, which results in a radial position of the sealing gap at the level of the inner circumference of the perforated screen, at which the sealing gap aligns with the perforated screen, therefore in the axial direction. This embodiment is suitable in a particular way for feedstock with fibers or wires, which can pass the sealing gap relatively well, whereas larger particles in the feedstock such as, for example, rubber granules are removed via the screen deck. A preferred field of application of this embodiment is the recycling of old tires in which both the steel and rubber fractions are recovered.
If, in contrast, smaller radii of the sealing element and ring discs are selected or their curvatures are selected as greater than that of the perforated screen, then a sealing gap position results which is offset in the radial direction toward the axis of rotation and in which the sealing element with its inner circumference, forming the sealing gap, projects radially over the inner circumference of the perforated screen. In this embodiment, the radial projection causes the accumulation of fine particles before these can pass axially through the sealing gap, so that a time delay of passage through the gap results. Preferably, composite materials are processed with this machine configuration.
In contrast, selection of a larger radius of the sealing elements or ring discs achieves that the sealing gap is offset outwardly in the radial direction. In this embodiment, the ring discs and the perforated screen overlap in the radial direction, which leads to the formation of a second radially directed sealing gap.
In this embodiment, therefore, an increased sealing effect and thereby a more difficult gap passage arise which is advantageous, for example, during the processing of film-like feedstock. Such embodiments are therefore particularly suitable for the processing of feedstock to alternative fuels.
The invention will be described subsequently in greater detail with use of an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings, whereby other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent. The exemplary embodiment relates to the implementation of the invention in a shredder, without the invention being limited thereto. Rather, similarly constructed devices based on the same functional principle are within the scope of the invention, for example, cutting mills, drum shredders, impact mills, and the like.
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus, are not limitive of the present invention, and wherein:
As emerges from
The front ends of rotor 14 are formed by ring discs 21 which are concentric to axis 13 and made up preferably of a plurality of sectors, such as, for example, three ring disc sectors with a circumferential section of 120° in each case, and are screwed together axially with the front rotor ends. The multipart design of ring discs 21 enables their assembly and disassembly without having to remove rotor 14 out of machine base frame 1. The outer diameter of ring discs 21 here is greater than the diameter of the cutting orbit. In
The lower circumferential section of rotor 14 is surrounded by a screen deck 23, which in the present example is formed by four screen elements 24. Each screen element 24 has a screen support 25, on which a perforated screen 26 is mounted. In cross section, two screen elements 24 extend in a mirror image over approximately a fourth of the rotor circumference and in the longitudinal direction two screen elements 24 follow each other axially.
For the pivotable mounting of screen elements 24, axle bearings 28, in which screen supports 25 are mounted rotatably, are disposed on the inner side of cross wall 2 or on a partition wall 27. Screen elements 24 can be swung downward with the help of cylinder piston units 29 on the outer side of cross walls 2, whose movable pistons act via a control lever on screen support 24. In the case of open doors 6, therefore, access to perforated screens 26 and rotor 14 is assured.
By this type of structural design, longitudinal walls 11 of feed chute 9 together with screen deck 23 in processing terms form a separation of the upstream region, where the active material processing occurs, from the downstream region, which serves to remove the comminuted material from the device.
The connection of rotating machine parts to stationary parts, particularly ring discs 21 of rotor 14 to screen deck 23, is of considerable importance in this context. On the one hand, it must be assured that feedstock not sufficiently comminuted does not enter the discharge zone of the device by bypassing screen deck 23; this presupposes a relatively narrow gap. On the other hand, the gap between rotating and stationary machine parts should not be so narrow that the rotational movement of rotor 14 is adversely impacted thereby or heat production and wear due to friction are too great. This region labeled with “D” in
In
Screen deck 23 comprising screen support 25 with perforated screen 26 mounted thereupon can be seen lying radially opposite to rotor 14. An arc-shaped sealing element 31 is attached to the outer side, opposite to cross wall 2, of screen support 25; it extends over the entire circumferential length of screen element 24 and thereby forms a radial projection W over the inner circumference of perforated screen 26 with its inner circumference. Sealing element 31 can be formed in this case of one, two, three, or more arc sections. In the present exemplary embodiment, sealing element 31 is mounted axially to the screen support by means of screws. This has the advantage that sealing elements 31 can be exchanged and replaced by others for retrofitting of the device. Embodiments with sealing elements 31 formed monolithically on screen support 25 as shown in
In addition, sealing element 31 lies opposite to ring disc 21 with the formation of a sealing gap at a narrow radial distance. The radial width of the sealing gap is designated with S1 and is, for example, between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, preferably 1 mm. The radial projection of sealing element 31 over perforated screen 26 causes an accumulation of particles passing the sealing gap, with the effect that the gap passage occurs with a delay.
The variant illustrated in
In the embodiment shown in
The invention is not limited to the combination of features described in the individual exemplary embodiments, but likewise comprises combinations of features of different exemplary embodiments, provided these are readily discernible by the person skilled in the art.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are to be included within the scope of the following claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2013 006 405 | Apr 2013 | DE | national |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20140306046 A1 | Oct 2014 | US |