Patent Application
20150354890
The invention relates to a device for tempering objects, in particular for drying coated vehicle bodies or body parts, having
When talking of “tempering” an object and, concretely, a vehicle body here, this refers to bringing about a particular temperature of the object which it does not have initially. This can be an increase in temperature or a reduction in temperature. The term “tempered fluid” refers to a fluid which has the temperature required to temper the object.
An incidence of tempering, namely heating, vehicle bodies which is common in the automotive industry is the procedure of drying the coating of a vehicle body, which can refer, for example, to a paint or an adhesive or the like. The description below of the invention uses the example of such a dryer.
When talking of “drying” here, this refers to all procedures in which the coating of the vehicle body, in particular a paint, can be hardened, be this simply by expelling solvents or by cross-linking the coating substance.
Devices of the type mentioned at the outset, which are constructed as dryers, conventionally have a tempering device which is used to heat the vehicle body to a desired temperature. To this end, air nozzles apply tempered air evenly to the vehicle body from the side.
As a result of the base current, the heat carried by the air is conducted to the vehicle body and introduced there into the vehicle body. Effective temperature transfer of the hot air or, in general terms, the tempered fluid into the vehicle body—or, in the case of the cooling procedure, from the object into the fluid—requires good thermal convection via the air guided through the tempering tunnel.
In a dryer, air whereof the temperature is tempered to always be as high as possible is therefore conducted to the vehicle bodies and, to this end, a correspondingly high volume of air is guided through the tempering tunnel. However, this is relatively energy- and resource-consuming.
The object of the invention, therefore, is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset which ensures effective temperature transfer to the object with a good energy balance. This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned at the outset by
The invention is based on the realisation that, by generating a type of support current, the thermal convection, i.e. the carrying and distribution of thermal energy, in tempered fluid is more effective. As a result of the convection current, a higher current velocity at the object is essentially achieved in the first instance so that the subsequent delivery of fresh tempered fluid can then take place more quickly, thereby resulting in effective heat movement into the object or out of the object.
To this end, it is particularly favourable if the convection device comprises one or more injector nozzles through which gaseous fluid can be blown into the tempering tunnel. A specifically directed jet of fluid can be generated by an injector nozzle.
It is advantageous if gaseous fluid can be blown into the tempering tunnel through the at least one injector nozzle with a directional component in the direction of the at least one outlet opening. In this case, the convection current acts in the same direction as the base current.
The at least one injector nozzle is preferably arranged on a side of the tempering tunnel which is opposite the at least one suction opening. The convection current can therefore act over a large area of the tunnel cross-section.
Good results can be achieved if the at least one suction opening is arranged on the floor and the at least one injector nozzle is arranged in an upper region near to or on the ceiling of the tempering tunnel.
It is favourable if at least one injector nozzle is present whereof the mode of operation is such that the tempered gaseous fluid can be discharged by the injector nozzle. In this case, for example, the injector nozzle having the first mode of operation can be supplied with tempered fluid from the same source as the fluid nozzles.
Alternatively or additionally, at least one injector nozzle can be present whereof the mode of operation is such that circulated tunnel atmosphere can be discharged by the injector nozzle. In this case, the existing thermal energy of the tunnel atmosphere is used.
It is advantageous here if the at least one injector nozzle is connected to at least one outlet opening of the tempering tunnel by way of a circulating line and delivery means are present so that tunnel atmosphere can be delivered from the at least one outlet opening to the at least one injector nozzle.
An effective circulating current can be generated in the tempering tunnel if the at least one outlet opening is arranged radially adjacent to the injector nozzle in relation to a main axis of this latter.
It is favourable here if the outlet opening is arranged on a side of the injector nozzle which is remote from the discharge direction of the injector nozzle. This means that the discharge jet of the injector nozzle does not interfere with the circulating current in the tempering tunnel.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the single FIGURE. This shows a vertical section of a dryer for drying coated vehicle bodies, with two variants of a tempering device being shown.
In the FIGURE, 10 denotes a device as a whole for tempering objects 12. Vehicle bodies 14 are shown to exemplify objects 12; the device 10, by way of example, is a dryer 16 for vehicle bodies 14. The dryer 16 comprises a housing 18 in which a tempering tunnel 20 is accommodated.
The tempering tunnel 20 is delimited laterally by two vertical longitudinal walls 22, 24, at the bottom by a floor 26 and at the top by a tunnel ceiling 28. The coated vehicle bodies 14 are conveyed through the tempering tunnel 20 by means of a transport system 30 which is shown-schematically. Provided at the end faces of the tempering tunnel 20 are locks (not shown generally) which enable the passage of the vehicle bodies 14 into the tempering tunnel 20 and out of this without extensive heat loss and with little atmospheric exchange.
When drying freshly painted vehicle bodies 14, predominantly solvents, but also coating constituents, are released into the air in the tempering tunnel 20. The tunnel atmosphere which is laden in this way is therefore suctioned downwards out of the tempering tunnel 20 by means of a suction system 32. The tunnel atmosphere is suctioned out of the tempering tunnel 20 by way of suction boxes 34 with a suction opening 34a, which are arranged on the floor 26 of the tempering tunnel and lead to an exhaust air channel 36. The flow cross-section of the exhaust air channel 36, and therefore the suction volume of the booth air, can be adjusted in a manner known per se by a pivotable flap 38 which can be pivoted with the aid of a motor 40.
A base current is generated in the tempering tunnel 20 in the direction of the suction openings 34a by the suction system 32. In the present exemplary embodiment, this base current runs substantially from top to bottom. If the suction openings 34a are arranged at another point, for example on the ceiling 28 of the tempering tunnel 20, the base current also runs correspondingly differently.
A tempering device 42 is arranged in the tempering tunnel 20. In
In the first variant, shown on the left in
Each lateral nozzle arrangement 44 comprises a plurality of fluid nozzles 46 by means of which a jet of tempered fluid can be discharged onto the vehicle bodies 14. Previously heated air is used as the tempered fluid here, although other gases are also conceivable. In the present exemplary embodiment, the fluid nozzles 46 of the lateral nozzle arrangements 44 are activated and controlled independently of one another so that each of these fluid nozzles 46 is capable of discharging tempered air onto the vehicle body 14 independently of the other fluid nozzles 46 of the tempering device 42.
To this end, the fluid nozzles 46 of the lateral nozzle to arrangements 44 are each supplied with tempered air via separate supply lines 48 in which a respective valve 50 is arranged, each of which can be controlled in isolation via a control means 52.
The supply lines 48 exit from a distribution channel 54 which extends on the ceiling 28 of the tempering tunnel 20 along its is longitudinal walls 22 and is supplied by way of a supply channel 56 from outside the housing 18 with air from a source which is not shown specifically, which air has previously been tempered and conditioned in a manner known per se. The flow cross-section of the supply channel 56, and therefore the supply flow volume of the booth air, can be adjusted in a manner known per se by a pivotable flap 58 which can be pivoted with the aid of a motor 60.
The fluid nozzles 46 of the lateral nozzle arrangements 44 are positioned so that particularly extensive areas of the vehicle body 14 can be acted upon by tempered air. To this end, the fluid nozzles 46 in the present exemplary embodiment are associated from the bottom upwards with the sill region, a central region and an upper region of the vehicle body 14 near to the roof rails.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the fluid nozzles 46 are stationary and the discharge device is inalterable. In a modification, the fluid nozzles 46 of the lateral nozzle arrangements 44 can be pivoted in the horizontal plane so that the direction of a jet of fluid generated in each case by the fluid nozzles 46 is altered and adjusted and the jet of fluid can be carried along for example with a moving vehicle body 14. To this end, corresponding drives are present which likewise cooperate with the control means 52. A drive of this type can be an electric motor, but can also operate hydraulically or pneumatically. It is also optionally possible to dispense with the drives. In this case, the pivotal position of the fluid nozzles 46 can be adjusted for example manually.
The movement of the fluid nozzles 46 can also be executed in such a way that turbulence is generated in directed manner on the surface of the vehicle 14 body, thereby enabling the drying process to be accelerated. For example, the fluid nozzles 46 can be moved back and forth as they travel past the vehicle body 14.
In the second variant, shown on the right in
In the case of the lateral nozzle arrangements 62, the vertical longitudinal walls 22, 24 of the tempering tunnel 20 serve as an intermediate wall and separate the tempering tunnel 20 from two lateral pressure chambers 64 which now flank the tempering tunnel 20. The pressure chambers 64 and the tempering tunnel 20 are surrounded by the housing here 18.
In the two longitudinal walls 22, 24, there are a plurality of fluid nozzles 66 in each case, which produce a connection between the pressure chambers 64 and the tempering tunnel 20. In the present exemplary embodiment, the fluid nozzles 66 are stationary in their alignment.
However, in a modification which is not shown specifically, the fluid nozzles 66 can also be movably mounted so that their position, i.e. their angular position, and discharge direction can be adjusted. To this end, the fluid nozzles 66 can comprise, for example, a respective spherical segment with which they are seated in the longitudinal walls 22, 24 in a bearing opening which is complementary to them and has spherical delimiting walls. This then enables the fluid nozzles 66 to be pivoted in the bearing openings.
The pressure chambers 64 are supplied in known manner with tempered air which then flows through the fluid nozzles 66 and is discharged by these into the tempering tunnel 22 and conducted in the direction of the vehicle bodies 14.
Both lateral nozzle arrangements 44 or 62 can comprise short jet nozzles and wide jet nozzles. Short jet nozzles are nozzles with a short discharge range such that they can act on the side of the vehicle body 14 which faces them. Wide jet nozzles, on the other hand, have a larger discharge range than short jet nozzles, thereby enabling the hot air exiting the wide jet nozzles to be directed through an opening in the facing side face of the vehicle bodies 14, for example through a window opening or through an open door, onto the inside surface of the opposite vehicle-body side so that the air flow therefore passes through the entire interior of the vehicle body 14. The direction of this hot air here is such that it is predominantly directed onto the lower inner region of the vehicle body 14 where there is a relatively large mass and therefore a high thermal capacity.
Effective temperature transfer from the hot air into the vehicle body requires good thermal convection over the air guided through the tempering tunnel 20. So that the temperature of the air arriving on the vehicle bodies is always as high as possible, a correspondingly high volume of air has to be guided through the tempering tunnel 20.
To reduce the volumes of air required and the necessary resources as a whole, the tempering device 10 comprises a convection device 68 which aids in promoting a directed thermal convection in the tempering tunnel 20. This influences the distribution of the thermal energy in the air in the tempering tunnel 20 in such a way that the thermal energy carried by the tunnel atmosphere is introduced effectively into the vehicle bodies 14 and therefore used efficiently.
To this end, the convection device 68 comprises injector nozzles 70 which are arranged in an upper region near to or on the ceiling 28 of the tempering tunnel 20 and blow air into the tempering tunnel 20 with a directional component in the direction of the outlet openings 34a.
In general, the injector nozzles 70 are arranged on a side of the tempering tunnel 20 which is opposite the suction openings 34a.
In a first exemplary embodiment of the convection device 68, injector nozzles 70 having a first mode of operation can be supplied with air from the same source as the tempering device 42. In the FIGURE, this is shown using the example of the first variant (shown on the left in
In a modification which is not shown specifically, the injector nozzles 70 can also be supplied with air from a self-sufficient air source.
In a second exemplary embodiment of the convection device 68, injector nozzles 70 having a second mode of operation are present, from which circulated tunnel atmosphere can be discharged. Injector nozzles 70 having the second mode of operation are components of a circulating device 72 which is illustrated in the second variant of the tempering device shown on the right in the FIGURE. In this, outlet openings 74 are located in the upper region of the tempering tunnel 20 and are connected to one or more of the injector nozzles 70 by way of a circulating lines 76. The outlet openings 74 here are arranged at a high level above the injector nozzles 70.
In the present case, the outlet openings 74 are arranged radially adjacent to the injector nozzle 70 relative to a main axis of this latter, which is not shown specifically. However, the outlet openings 74 can essentially also be positioned at another point in the tempering tunnel 20.
A fan 78 and a valve 80, which are both controlled by the control means 52, are located as delivery means in each circulating line 76. When the fan 78 is active and the valve 80 open, tunnel atmosphere above the injector nozzles 70 is therefore suctioned off, guided to the injector nozzles 70 and discharged downwards through these into the tempering tunnel 20.
A convection current supporting the base current is generated in addition to the base current by the convection device 68, irrespective of its mode of operation. In the present exemplary embodiment, this passes along the outside of the vehicle bodies 14 so that cooled air, whereof the thermal energy has already been introduced into the vehicle body 14, is rapidly transported away and can be replaced by a subsequent current of hotter air.
The convection device 68 can generate a stronger current in the tempering tunnel 20 with less air than is possible without the convection device 68 and in particular without the injector nozzles 70.
In the case of the circulating device 72, a cyclic current relative to the tunnel cross-section is produced in the tempering tunnel 20 and passes via the injector nozzles 70 along the outer flanks of the vehicle bodies 14 to the floor 26 of the tempering tunnel 20, there to its centre and from there upwards to the ceiling 28 of the tempering tunnel 20, where the air is then suctioned off to the side via the outlet openings 74. If two circulating devices 72 are present on both sides of the tempering tunnel 20, two such cyclic currents are produced accordingly.
These cyclic currents are produced in particular in that the outlet openings 74 are arranged above the injector nozzles 70 or, in general terms, on a side of the injector nozzle 70 which is remote from the discharge direction of the injector nozzle 70.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102013000754.2 | Jan 2013 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/000002 | 1/4/2014 | WO | 00 |
