Patent Application
20150036255
The invention relates to a device for discharging an electrical overvoltage, in particular to a pluggable overvoltage arrester having a solid insulation.
Electrical high-voltage energy supply networks are exposed not only to the constantly present operating voltage but also to overvoltages, against which said energy supply networks are only conditionally insulated. Overvoltage arresters, which limit transient overvoltages, in particular, to values that are harmless to the insulation of the operating means, are therefore usually used. The use of such overvoltage arresters is particularly important, for example, in order to protect transformers or busbars of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), because these operating means are cost-intensive and, therefore, damage must be prevented, if possible, and because damage resulting from overvoltage can result in a power failure.
Pluggable overvoltage arresters, such as those known from DE 38 15 666 C2, for example, have already been used in medium-voltage systems. Arresters that are encapsulated and filled with a highly pressurized insulating gas, for example sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), have been used so far for high-voltage applications having operating voltages greater than 50 kV.
The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing a device of the type in question that has high operational reliability even when used in high-voltage energy supply systems, wherein, in particular, the risk of danger and damage should also be minimal in the event of an electrical overload of the device.
This problem is solved by the device determined in claim 1. Particular embodiments of the invention are determined in the dependent claims.
In one embodiment, the problem is solved by a device for discharging an electrical overvoltage, comprising an overvoltage discharge unit having a non-linear current/voltage characteristic at least in sections, wherein a first terminal electrode of the overvoltage discharge unit is connected to a high-voltage terminal of the device and a second terminal electrode of the overvoltage discharge unit is connected to a low-voltage or ground terminal of the device, and wherein the overvoltage discharge unit is surrounded, at least in sections, by an insulating body, and the device has a cutting element, which is connected to the low-voltage or ground terminal of the device and is disposed close to a high-voltage section of the device, in particular close to a high-voltage section of the overvoltage discharge unit, which cutting unit cuts into the insulating body in the event of the insulating body distending as a result of an electrical overload of the device, thus enabling an arc to be sparked and stabilized between the high-voltage section and the cutting element, in particular being stabilized in the region between the high-voltage section and the cutting element until the electrical voltage overload is shut off by an electrical disconnecting device provided separately from the device. The length of the thusly stabilized arc can be less than the diameter of the cutting element, in particular less than the diameter of a preferably circular, enclosing cutting edge of the cutting element, and preferably less than 80% or even less than 70% of this diameter.
In one embodiment, the insulating body is an elastically deformable, solid insulating body, which is made of a silicone rubber, in particular, and has a preferably centrally continuous opening in the longitudinal direction for accommodating the overvoltage discharge unit and which can have an outer shape on the outer surface thereof that is cylindrical or, in particular, tapers toward the end on the low-voltage side. On the inner side thereof, the insulating body can have electrical conductivity in regions, in particular in the section dedicated to the high-voltage side of the overvoltage discharge unit, in order to form a field-control element, for example. The insulating body can have an inner width in the region for accommodating the overvoltage discharge unit that is less than the outer diameter of the overvoltage discharge units such that the insulating body bears tightly against the overvoltage discharge unit as a result of the elastic deformation thereof.
The device can be pluggable, wherein the insulating body can also have an integral section such that, when the device is plugged in, the integral section comes to bear tightly against the associated socket body and forms an electrical high-quality joint with the socket body. The device can be used for operating voltages greater than 50 kV, in particular greater than 70 kV, and preferably greater than 120 kV.
The overvoltage discharge unit can be formed by a voltage-dependent resistor, a so-called varistor, the electrical resistance of which is voltage-dependent and diminishes, in particular starting at a threshold voltage, to the extent that the resultant current flow enables overvoltages to be reduced. In one embodiment, the overvoltage discharge unit comprises a plurality of varistors connected in series, for example disk-shaped metal-oxide varistors, which are preferably braced by means of fiber-reinforced, in particular glass fiber-reinforced, plastic rods to form a stack, are preferably arranged in the shape of cylinder and, in particular, are filled with a curable, liquid silicone insulating material and are encapsulated without air pockets.
In order to ensure reliable operation of the discharge device, it is essential that this discharge device withstand the overvoltage that occurs until a separate electrical disconnecting device engages. In the event that such high-energy overvoltages occur, the insulating body can distend as a result of an electrical overload of the device. In particular, thermal overloads resulting from high-energy overvoltages can induce changes in the voltage characteristics of individual varistors, which then become permanently conductive or short-circuited. Arcs can form in the resultant short-circuit current paths, which cause the insulating body to distend due to the resultant gas pressure. In known devices, this can cause the entire device to burst open and can result in an uncontrolled formation of a relatively long and, therefore, high-energy arc, which can cause damage to the surrounding parts of the system. In the solution according to the invention, the cutting element cuts into the insulating body and, if necessary, cuts into the insulating body. Given that the cutting element is disposed close to a high-voltage section of the device, a relatively short arc forms, having correspondingly low energy, which moreover occurs at a location that is predetermined by the geometry of the device. The preferably annularly disposed cutting edge forms a tip, by means of which the distending insulating body can be cut open and by means of which a metallic consumable electrode can be provided, on which the root of the arc on the ground side can be stabilized. It is thereby possible to reliably prevent the entire device from bursting open, which would endanger persons or cause damage to surrounding parts of the system.
In one embodiment, the cutting element has a cutting edge having a cutting angle of less than 60°, in particular less than 45°, and preferably less than 30°. The cutting edge can be substantially circular and can enclose the entire insulating body. The cutting edge can be formed by two cutting flanks, which extend toward one another in the direction of the insulating body at an acute angle. One of the two cutting flanks can be oriented at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element, wherein the longitudinal axis of the cutting element can coincide with the longitudinal axis of the overvoltage discharge unit and/or the longitudinal axis of the device. The second cutting flank can be curved, for example having the shape of a spherical surface.
In one embodiment, the cutting element, in particular a cutting edge of the cutting element, can be spaced apart from the insulating body in the regular operating state of the device. As a result, the insulating body is reliably prevented from becoming damaged by the cutting edge upon installation. It is also easier, as a result, to cut into or sever the insulating body in the event of malfunction, since the cutting edge cuts into the outer surface of the insulating body at a higher rate of speed.
In one embodiment, a cutting edge of the cutting element is disposed, relative to a longitudinal axis of the device, in the region of the overvoltage discharge unit, in particular in the region of the end of the overvoltage discharge unit on the high-voltage side. It has proven particularly advantageous if the cutting edge is not disposed directly at the terminal of the overvoltage discharge unit on the high-voltage side, but rather at an axial distance therefrom that corresponds to between 20 and 500% of the diameter of the discharge unit, in particular between 40 and 300% and preferably between 50 and 200%, or at a distance that approximately corresponds to the axial length of one of the plurality of varistor elements. As a result, an arc forms, having a defined position and length, in the event of a malfunction.
In one embodiment, the cutting element also comprises a preferably integrally formed flanged socket for accommodating an insulating tube enclosing the insulating body. The flanged socket can have a corrugation, by means of which the insulating tube can be bonded with the cutting element. The inner width in the region of the flanged socket is greater than the inner width of the cutting element, for example, the inner width can be between 120 and 250% of the inner width of the cutting element in the region of the cutting edge.
The insulating tube forms a part of the housing of the device. The insulating tube can be radially spaced apart from the insulating body such that a void is maintained between the insulating body and the insulating tube in the interior of the device, into which the insulating body can expand in the event of an electrical overload without the housing and, in particular, the insulating tube of the device bursting open and endangering persons or surrounding parts of the system. The insulating tube is made of an electrically insulating material, in particular of a plastic, preferably of a fiber-reinforced and, in particular, glass fiber-reinforced plastic.
In one embodiment, the device comprises a pressure relief device on the end thereof opposite the high-voltage terminal. The gas pressure produced inside the device in the event of an electrical overload can escape via the pressure relief device, thereby ensuring that the insulating tube can remain intact. The pressure relief device relieves pressure by means of a gas flow, which initially moves in the axial direction along the longitudinal direction of the device and preferably emerges at the end of the device on the low-voltage side. Damage is thereby also reliably prevented, in particular, to the part of the system on which the device is mounted.
In one embodiment, the pressure relief device comprises a retaining element for preventing particles larger than a certain size from exiting the device. The retaining element can be formed, for example, by a perforated plate closing the housing of the device in the axial direction. The perforated plate can close the insulating tube in the axial direction, in particular. The retaining element can comprise, preferably in the center, a support for the overvoltage discharge unit, for example including an electrical passage for the connection of the discharge unit on the low-voltage side. The pressure relief device can comprise a closure element, which can burst open in the event of an electrical overload, for example a membrane bearing against the retaining element, in particular a metallic membrane, which reliably prevents moisture from entering the device during regular operation.
In one embodiment, the device comprises a redirection device, by means of which a gas flow emerging from the housing in the event of an electrical overload of the device can be redirected into a specifiable direction. The redirection device can be mounted on the housing of the device, in particular on the pressure relief device, for example on the axial end thereof, and can be designed, for example, in the shape of a hood having a radial exit opening. The direction of the gas flow emerging from the device in the event of a malfunction can be defined by the selected rotary position of the redirection device.
In one embodiment, the high-voltage terminal and the low-voltage or ground terminal of the device are disposed on a common axial side. To this end, the second terminal electrode of the overvoltage discharge unit is connected to the low-voltage or ground terminal of the device by means of a grounding cable extending in the longitudinal direction of the device, wherein this low-voltage or ground terminal is disposed at or close to the same axial end of the device as the high-voltage terminal. The grounding cable can extend along the housing in the form of a grounding rail, which can also melt in the event of an electrical overload, and can be detachably mounted on the device. A further electrical unit can be connected or interconnected between the low-voltage terminal of the overvoltage discharge unit and the grounding cable, for example a pulse counter, which counts the events of overvoltages that occur.
In one embodiment, the device comprises a fastening means, in particular a fastening flange, which is detachably mounted on the device, in particular being connected to the cutting element directly or indirectly, for example having a connecting element installed therebetween. As a result, the device can be adapted to the various structural details of the electrical system in a simple and modular manner. In addition, in the event that the device is damaged in the region of the overvoltage discharge unit as the result of an electrical overload, only the defective components need to be replaced and, in particular, any intact components still remaining can continue to be used.
Further advantages, features, and details of the invention shall become apparent from the dependent claims and the description that follows, in which a plurality of examples is described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can be essential to the invention individually or in any combination.
In the exemplary embodiment shown, the overvoltage discharge unit 10 is nearly completely enclosed, at least in sections, by an insulating body 20. The insulating body 20 is made of an elastically deformable silicone rubber and comprises a through-opening, the inner width of which is slightly smaller, in the region of the overvoltage discharge unit 10, than the outer diameter of the overvoltage discharge unit 10, in particular slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the insulating cylinder 14, such that the insulating body 20 bears tightly against the overvoltage discharge unit 10.
The electrical contacting of the first terminal electrode 16 is implemented with a press connection 28, in the region of which the through-opening of the insulating body 20 has a reduced diameter and likewise bears tightly against the press connection 28. The terminal is routed out of the insulating body 20 via a preferably strand-type cable 32, and is accommodated there by a contact ring 34, which has a multi-line contact 36, for example, on the outer peripheral surface thereof. In the region of the strand-type cable 32, the insulating body 20 has an outer cone 30, which can be brought to bear tightly against a socket body (not illustrated) associated with the plug-in contact, and which forms a high-voltage resistant, electrical high-quality joint as a result of the elastic deformation of the insulating body 20.
In the region of the end of the overvoltage discharge unit 10 on the high-voltage side, the insulating body 20 comprises, on the inner side thereof, an electrically conductive section 38, which can be electrically installed on the overvoltage discharge unit 10, and which is produced, for example, by enriching the silicone rubber accordingly with electrically conductive particles and which serves the function of preventing field strength peaks in this region.
In the region of the electrically conductive section 38, the device 1 comprises a cutting element 40, which is connected to the low-voltage or ground terminal 24, is disposed close to the high-voltage section of the device 1, in particular close to the high-voltage section of the overvoltage discharge unit 10, which cutting unit cuts into the insulating body 20 in the event of the insulating body 20 distending as a result of an electrical overload of the device 1, thus enabling an arc to be sparked and stabilized between the high-voltage section, for example the first terminal electrode 16, and the cutting element 40.
The device 1 comprises a pressure relief device 50 on the axial end thereof opposite the high-voltage terminal. The cutting element 40 as well as the pressure relief device 50 each comprise a section in the shape of a flanged socket, wherein a hollow cylindrical insulating tube 52 produced of a glass fiber-reinforced plastic is disposed between the two flanged socket-shaped sections, which insulating tube forms the cylindrical jacket of the housing of the device 1 and covers the insulating body 20 toward the outside. The housing is sealed at the ends by a membrane 54, in particular by a metallic membrane, which, together with a retaining element 56 in the form of a perforated plate in this exemplary embodiment, is a component of the pressure relief device 50. In the event of an electrical overload of the device 1 and a resultant distension of the insulating body 20, which is spaced apart from the insulating tube 52 in the regular operating state, the overpressure that forms can escape axially by virtue of the fact that the membrane 54 bursts, wherein the retaining element 56 retains particles that exceed a specifiable dimension of 15 mm, for example.
A redirection device 60 is disposed on the end of the device 1, wherein said redirection device has an exit opening 62, by means of which the gas flow emerging in the event of an overload can be redirected relative to the longitudinal axis 2 of the device 1.
The electrical contacting of the second terminal electrode 22 is implemented via an electrical cable in a central insulating sleeve 58, which said electrical cable is also routed through the retaining element 56 and, in the region of the redirection device 60, is further routed radially outwardly onto the jacket surface of the device 1 and, from there, along the insulating tube 52 to the terminal 24 on the low-voltage side.
The cross-section of the grounding cable 26 and/or of the low-voltage or ground terminal 24 of the device 1 is dimensioned such that this is interrupted, in particular via melting or burning-through, thereby interrupting the current flow, if a short-circuit current occurs due, in particular, to a thermal overload of the varistors 12. The value of the short-circuit current inducing the interruption can be predetermined, for example, on the basis of the material and/or the geometric dimensions of the grounding cable 26 and/or of the low-voltage or ground terminal 24. As a result of the interruption of the ground connection of the second terminal electrode 22, in particular due to the grounding cable 26 having been severed, and, in particular, in interaction with the insulating housing 52, the short arc that is sparked on the cutting element 40 can stabilize only in the region of the cutting element 40 and, in particular, cannot propagate along the stack of varistors 12.
The grounding cable 26 can also be detachably connected to the cutting element 40 in a mechanical and electrical manner, if necessary. The associated electrical connection point and/or a section of the grounding cable 26 adjacent to the connection point or adjoining the connection point can be configured, for example via a local reduction of the cross-section of the grounding cable 26, such that, in the event of an overload, the interruption of the ground connection occurs in this region, thereby ensuring that the ground potential is substantially present only up to the axial end of the cutting element 40 such that the arc can only stabilize there and, in particular, cannot propagate along the stack of the varistors 12.
The cutting element 40 has, on the side thereof facing the second terminal electrode 22, in particular on the axial end thereof, a flanged socket-shaped section having corrugation transverse to the longitudinal axis, into which a first end section of the insulating tube 52 is bonded in a form-fit and non-positive manner. On the axial end thereof facing the first terminal electrode 16, the cutting element 40 also comprises a flanged socket-shaped section having a smaller diameter, however, wherein said section can be inserted or screwed into a tube flange 48 and can be mechanically fixed there and electrically connected to the tube flange 48 by means of threaded pins 66. A tubular element 68 is inserted on the axial end of the cutting element 40 in order to affix the insulating body 20 and ensure that the insulating body 20 is radially separated from the cutting edge 42.
On the axial end thereof opposite the cutting element 40, the tube flange 48 forms a receiving opening for a sealing element 72, by means of which the tube flange 48 and, therefore, the device 1 can be mounted tightly against an electrical system part. For mounting purposes, the tube flange 48 has through-openings for fastening screws 74.
One difference of the second exemplary embodiment according to
Another difference of the second exemplary embodiment is that the electrical cable 164 is routed centrally and in the axial direction through the redirection hood 182 in order to connect the second terminal electrode 122 to the low-voltage or ground terminal of the device 101 and, from there, is routed initially substantially radially outwardly to the level of the periphery of the insulating tube 152 and, from there, in the axial direction to the ring element 180.
The axial length of the device 101 of the second exemplary embodiment of the tube flange 148 to the redirection hood 182 is approximately 1.65 m, given a diameter of the tube flange 148 of approximately 40 cm, while the corresponding length in the first exemplary embodiment is approximately 1 m and the diameter of the tube flange 48 is approximately 20 cm. The first exemplary embodiment is suitable for rated voltages of up to 72.5 kV, while the rated voltage of the second exemplary embodiment is at most 145 kV.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2012 008 484.6 | Apr 2012 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/001079 | 4/12/2013 | WO | 00 |
