Exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention are illustrated in the drawing, in which:
a shows a rotary drive which, in the embodiment of the drive unit according to
Alternatively, however, it is likewise possible, instead of the rotary drive head 4 arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod assembly 5, to use a rotary drive 4′ illustrated in
This rotary drive 4′ comprises a stationary, outer part 4″, opposite which an annular inner part 4′″, whose internal diameter is matched to the external diameter of the connecting rod assembly 5 and can optionally be connected to the latter, at least in the drive direction, in an operative connection, that is to say by a force fit or form fit, can be driven in rotation. The drive can be carried out, for example, by a hydraulic motor. With its stationary part 4″, the rotary drive 4′ can be operatively connected to variable-length force generators 2′, such as spindles or piston/cylinder units, provided on the supporting device 2. If the connecting rod assembly 5 and the inner part 4′″ of the rotary drive 4′ are configured in such a way that a force-transmitting connection between the connecting rod assembly 5 and the inner part 4′″ can also be achieved in the longitudinal direction of the former, then a forward drive force can also be introduced into the connecting rod assembly via the rotary drive 4′. However, it is likewise possible to mount the rotary drive 4′ on the supporting device so as to be fixed and to configure the inner part 4′″ and connecting rod assembly 5 in such a way that the connecting rod assembly 5 can be displaced in the inner part 4′″ in its longitudinal direction. In this case, the forward drive forces have to be introduced into the connecting rod assembly, for example, by acting on the first rotary connecting head 10, yet to be described.
Arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod assembly 5 is a first rotary connecting head, designated by 10, via which the material loosened at the base of the bore in the ground is carried away to the outside via an outlet pipe 21 and compressed air is introduced into the connecting rod assembly by means of a first feed line 13. Arranged under the first rotary connecting head 10 is a second rotary connecting head, designated overall by 20. The supporting device 2 can be swiveled about a horizontal axis A and is connected to swiveling drives 6, so that it can be inclined and it is also possible for bores in the ground to be drilled in a manner deviating from the vertical.
In
The excavation disk 45 is provided with a central cutter 48. The excavation disk 45 in the exemplary embodiment demonstrated has three arms 50 which extend radially outward and which, as can be seen in the case of the arm illustrated on the left in the drawing, are filled with a plurality of chisels 51.
The head 46 is rotatably mounted by means of tapered roller bearings 52, 53 on a shaft journal 54 of a main shaft 55. The shaft journal 54, having a substantially. cylindrical outer circumferential surface, is integrally molded on the main shaft 55 in such a way that its axis B forms an acute angle w of about 3° with the axis of rotation AA.
The main shaft 55 is in turn mounted by means of tapered roller bearings 56, 57 in a machine housing 58 such that it can rotate about the axis of rotation AA and is driven in rotation by a hydraulic motor 59 flange-mounted at the end.
The part of the head 46 facing away from the excavation disk 45 is formed as a gear wheel, called the oscillating gear 60 in the following text, arranged concentrically with the axis B of the shaft journal 54, and therefore formed as a circumferential region 61 which, during rotation of the main shaft 55, runs in internal toothing 63 acting as an opposing circumferential region 62.
The internal toothing 63 is formed on a hollow gear 64 arranged concentrically with respect to the main shaft axis and mounted such that it can rotate with respect to the latter.
At the end opposite to the internal toothing 63, the hollow gear has further internal toothing 65, which is part of an epicyclic gear mechanism designated overall by 71. The toothing of the parts of smaller diameter 67 of the planet gears 66 engages in the internal toothing 65. The parts 68 of larger diameter of the planet gears 66 engage with their toothing in external toothing 69 provided on the main shaft 55 and also in internal toothing 70 provided in the machine housing 58, so that, during the rotary drive of the main shaft 55, the planet gears circulate around the axis of rotation AA in the same direction of rotation. Here, the hollow gear 64 is set rotating in the direction opposite to the excavation disk 45, whose rotation is moved as a result of the oscillating gear 60 running on the internal toothing 63. It goes without saying that, by selecting the ratios in the epicyclic gear mechanism 71, the rotational speed of the hollow gear 64 relative to the main shaft 55 and thus, as a result, the ratio of oscillation frequency to rotational frequency of the excavation disk 45 can be predefined.
The drive system of the device, designated overall by 103, is fixed to a supporting device 102 which is supported on a working platform designated overall by 101. A rotary drive head 104, shown schematically, acts on a connecting rod assembly 105 which extends through the working platform 101 into the bore to be drilled in the ground and as far as the tool. The drive of the connecting rod assembly 105 by means of the rotary drive head 104 can be carried out in a conventional manner known from the prior art.
Arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod assembly 105 is a first connecting head, designated by 110, via which material loosened at the base of the bore in the ground is carried away outward via the outlet pipe 121, and a flushing fluid, normally air, is introduced into the connecting rod assembly 105 by means of a first feed line 113. Arranged underneath the first connecting head 110 is a second connecting head, designated overall by 120. The supporting device 102 can be inclined about a horizontal axis A by means of a swiveling drive 106, so that it is also possible for bores in the ground to be drilled in a manner deviating from the vertical.
In the second embodiment of the drive device, the second connecting head 120 can rotate as a whole with the connecting rod assembly 105, and only the first rotary connecting head 110 is mounted so as to be stationary. The rotary drive 104 is designed in such a way that it rotates the connecting rod assembly 105 having the second connecting head 120 for the drive medium of the hammers in the tool to and fro in an oscillatory manner through a predetermined angle about the axis of rotation of the assembly 105. This swept angle is less than 360° and is chosen on the basis of the number and position of the tools 41 located on the same radius. In the case of only one tool 41 per radius, 360° are needed, in the case of two tools offset by 180° from each other per radius, a to and fro rotation of 180° suffices. However, it is likewise within the scope of the invention to rotate the tool head to and fro through an angle which is limited but greater than 360°.
As a result of the limited rotational angle, it is possible to operate a fixedly installed feed line for the drive medium that also participates in the rotational angle, without requiring a rotary seal or wiping contact arrangement. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the drive medium is introduced into the second feed 122 of the connecting rod assembly 105 by means of a flexible hose 115. The hose 115 is mounted between the second feed line 123 and the second feed 122. The length of the hose 115 is chosen such that the hose 115 can follow the rotation of the connecting rod assembly 105 without hindering the latter.
In a further embodiment, illustrated in
In this connection, it should be pointed out that it is not absolutely necessary to connect the flexible hoses 213, 223 to the lines 212, 222 at the points 213′ and 223′. Instead, it is likewise possible to dispense entirely with the rigid lines 212, 222 and to lead the hoses 213, 223 as far as the corresponding connecting points, located in the bore, on the connecting rod assembly and, respectively, on the tool head. Furthermore, it is obvious that, depending on the operation of the tools 41, flexible electric cables could also be used instead of the flexible lines.
Instead of the rotary drive head 204 always acting on the upper end of the upper segment of the connecting rod assembly 205, in this embodiment it is also possible to provide a rotary drive 4′ which acts on the connecting rod assembly 205 on the outside and whose mode of action and function also otherwise corresponds to that of the rotary drive 4′ but which effects only a to and fro movement of the connecting rod assembly.
A further embodiment of the device according to the invention is illustrated in
The hose lines 313, 323 are connected to the feeds 312, 322 and the hose line 321 is connected to the interior of the connecting rod assembly 305 with the aid of a flange head 360 which is arranged at the upper end of the upper segment of the connection rod and is constructed in such a way that connections provided on the latter for the hose lines 313, 323, 321 communicate with the lines 312, 322 and the interior of the connecting rod assembly.
The drive unit 304 is mounted on the supporting unit 302 via adjustable-length force generators 302′, such that the forward drive force can also be introduced into the connecting rod assembly via the drive unit 304 by lowering the drive unit 304. Once the drive unit 304 has reached its lower position, further forward drive can be effected by “re-gripping”, by being released and fixed again after it has been displaced into a higher position with the aid of the force generator, and the procedure begins again. Since, in this device, no supporting unit whose length corresponds at least to that of one segment of the connecting rod assembly 5 is necessary, this embodiment is distinguished by a particularly low overall height.
The rotary drive 304′ illustrated in
A further embodiment of one of the tools 41 is illustrated in
In addition, it is possible to dispense with individual drives for producing the oscillatory movement in each tool and, instead, to provide a central drive which is coupled to the tools. The central drive can contain a gear mechanism having drive shafts for each tool, in order in this way also to be able to vary oscillation frequencies.
The tools according to
In this way, as compared with arrangements in which the excavation disks of the tools rotate and/or a plurality of cutting tools operate in one track, a coarser drilled material is obtained. The energy balance is more beneficial on account of the coarser drilled material, since the proportion of energy required for further comminution is dispensed with.
In the above text, only exemplary embodiment of devices according to the invention which are suitable for driving forward bores running substantially vertically have been shown. It goes without saying that the invention is not restricted to such bores but is also suitable for driving forward tunnel bores which run substantially in the horizontal direction.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10321617.0 | May 2003 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP04/04899 | 5/7/2004 | WO | 00 | 7/31/2006 |