Patent Grant
10902308
The present invention relates to the field of chip cards or related, having to provide a dynamic item of information transmitted to the carrier through a device for displaying or other, for example bank cards having a dynamic security code.
In the field of bank security, the manufacturers of bank cards prove a certain resourcefulness, however limited in practice, both from a software and a hardware point of view.
Indeed, facing the possibility of copying a security code for example, the manufacturers of cards have implemented cards of which the security code, commonly called cryptogram or CVV (“Card Verification Value”), is no longer a static item of data printed on the card, but a dynamic item of data generated by the card at the time of the confirmation of a bank transaction and displayed on a screen, most often comprised in the card itself.
This new type of bank card thus brings a degree of additional security, but at the price of an increased complexity in production. Indeed, as presented in document US 2014/0279555 A1, these dynamic security code cards now comprise a display screen, a supply battery and generally a button triggering the generation of a new security code from static data contained in a memory block of the card and dynamic data also coming from an electronic module comprised in the card. This dynamic data is most often time stamping data supplied by a clock inside the bank card.
Although these cards of a new type bring an additional security level, the theft thereof forbids nothing in the generation of a new code for the fraudulent use of the stolen card.
Thus, facing this disadvantage, certain card manufacturers have added an additional security level. This is a personal code that the user must enter by way of a keyboard type device comprised by the bank card. Once this personal code is entered, a new dynamic security code is generated and displayed on the card. This additional degree of security tends to significantly complexify the production of these types of cards. The production cost is thus sacrificed in favour of security.
There is therefore a real problem at the level of the production cost and the design of dynamic security code bank cards having a security against the theft of the card itself.
The present invention resolves, at least partially, these two problems, which are the security and the design of dynamic security code bank cards.
The present invention relates to a device comprising a physical support and, carried by said support, at least one electronic chip comprising at least one memory module and at least one processor configured to implement at least one computer program contained in (or stored on) the at least one memory module, said computer program being configured to produce at least one result from data, said device comprising at least one display module configured to display said at least one result, said device being characterised in that it comprises at least one radio antenna configured to receive at least one electromagnetic signal, said at least one electromagnetic signal being configured to electrically supply said display module.
The present invention makes it possible to remove any type of energy storage from the device by making it possible for the supply thereof by an external source in the form of electromagnetic waves. The present invention is thus energised by an electromagnetic wave and ensures calculation and information display functions without requiring any battery or energy storage. This makes it possible thus for the industrial production of the present invention simply, reliably and inexpensively.
The use of batteries has shown problems with pollution, recycling and safety of goods and people.
The invention makes it possible to integrate a display unit on a card without even requiring an electrical storage on it for this purpose, which could initially seem incompatible.
Numerous fields of application can be considered:
Generally, the present invention has an application in displaying any unit of value or time on a support not having an energy storage.
In the case of bank cards, the present invention makes it possible for the generation of a dynamic security code at the level of a display unit of the card itself without resorting to a battery or any other energy storage means.
Indeed, the present invention facilitates the design and the lifespan of dynamic security code display bank cards by subtracting any energy storage from the card itself.
This advantage is obtained by an external supply in the form of electromagnetic waves emitted by a communication device carrying (or not) any type of electronic or mobile telephone terminal, for example.
The present invention thus makes it possible for a wireless, battery-free and storage module-free supply of a device, preferably a bank card, with dynamic information display.
From a security point of view and depending on the preferred case of the present invention, the displaying of a dynamic security code no longer requires only the bank card itself, but also the portable communication device of the user, which now makes the theft of the bank card by itself useless in the case where the energisation of the card and the transfer of dynamic data require a device to be specific to the user.
Indeed, advantageously, a pairing is made between said bank card and the smartphone of the user, for example. This pairing preferably requires an access code specific to the user, such that the energisation of the card and the transfer of dynamic data, and therefore the generation of a dynamic security code, can only be done from a portable communication device paired with said bank card by the user.
The data comprises at least one item of data called static, stored in a non-transient memory and at least one item of data called dynamic, circulating in a transient memory. The at least one radio antenna is configured to receive at least one electromagnetic signal comprising said at least one item of dynamic data.
This makes it possible to transfer external data to the chip, while supplying said chip by an electromagnetic wave. This external data brings a dynamic to the static data contained in the chip and ensure an increased level of encryption.
The present invention also relates to a system comprising at least one device, such as introduced above and at least one communication device, preferably portable, configured to emit, sent to the at least one device, at least one electromagnetic signal configured to supply said at least one device and to transmit at least one item of dynamic data to said at least one device.
The present invention also relates to a method for creating a security code for the confirmation of a bank payment implemented by at least one user from at least one device according to the present invention comprising at least one electronic chip and at least one display module and from at least one IT server, and at least one communication device in communication with said at least one IT server, said method being characterised in that it comprises at least the following steps:
The present invention thus makes it possible for the simpler, less expensive design of the dynamic security code display bank card, and of which the lifespan is increased by the absence of any battery, mainly. In addition, the present invention brings an additional degree of security to trigger the generation of a new security code, making the theft of the bank card by itself useless.
The aims, objectives, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will best emerge from the detailed description of an embodiment of the latter, which is illustrated by the following supporting drawings, wherein:
The appended drawings are given as examples and are not limiting of the invention. These drawings are schematic representations and are not necessarily to the scale of the practical application.
It is specified that in the scope of the present invention, the term “contactless” or the equivalents thereof have, as a definition, the putting into wireless communication between a bank card and a bank card reader by transmitting electromagnetic waves are thus made “without contact”.
It is specified that in the scope of the present invention, the term “put into contact” or the equivalents thereof have, as a definition, the putting into communication of two elements with one another, for example the putting into contact of a bank card and a bank card reader means the establishment of a wired or non-wired communication link making it possible for the exchange of data unilaterally or bilaterally.
It is specified that in the scope of the present invention, the terms “contactless payment”, “contactless transaction” or the equivalents thereof have, as a definition, the fulfilment of a bank card or a bank transaction from a bank card without any introduction of the bank card or of a part of the bank card in a chip reader or magnetic strip, for example. Therefore, this is a transfer of information via one or more electromagnetic waves.
It is specified that in the scope of the present invention, the terms “contact payment”, “contact transaction” or the equivalents thereof have, as a definition, the fulfilment of a bank payment or of a bank transaction from a bank card with the introduction of the bank card or a part of the bank card into a chip reader or magnetic strip, for example. Therefore, this is a transfer of information via an electrical current through an electrical circuit, such as electrical cables.
It is specified that in the scope of the present invention, the term “static data” or the equivalents thereof have, as a definition, data contained in a non-transient memory, for example of the memory type called flash or ROM (“Read-Only Memory”). This type of data is also characterised by the constant character thereof over time. It can be, for example, name-type, forename-type, birth date-type, expiry date-type, bank card number-type data.
It is specified that in the scope of the present invention, the term “dynamic data” or the equivalents thereof have, as a definition, data contained in a transient memory. This type of data is also characterised by the developing character thereof over time, it can be, for example, time-type data like time stamping. According to an alternative, by “dynamic data”, or the equivalents thereof means any data not present in the device according to the present invention before the putting into radiofrequency communication thereof with at least one portable communication device, or any data coming from said portable communication device and received by said device according to the present invention.
By “series transmission”, this means a method of transmitting data according to which the information elements succeed one another, one after the other, on one single communication path between two electronic circuits.
By “pulse”, this means a brief and quick variation of an electrical signal.
Before starting a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, are stated below of the optional characteristics which can possibly be used in association or alternatively:
Another field of application can relate to the travel card sector, on which the present invention makes it possible to indicate, for example, in a non-limiting manner, the balance of the travel pass or the number of journeys made.
According to the field of application of the present invention, the static data, the dynamic data and the result can vary from one field of application to another, like as a communication device which can (or not) be portable, according once again to the field of application.
The possibilities of applications of the present invention are multiple and directly affect the field of cards or badges having a dynamic component to display, in order to inform the user and this, without resorting to an energy source or to an energy storage at the same level of the device in question.
A field directly in line with the present invention is the bank sector. The present invention can indeed relate to the field of bank cards comprising a security code also called a cryptogram, or CVV (“Card Verification Value”).
According to an embodiment, the present invention relates to bank cards of which the dimensions respect the format described according to the standard ID-1.
For example, the present invention relates to bank cards called standard dimensions and having, for example, a physical reading chip as well as, for example, payment means called “contactless”.
Indeed, the present invention advantageously relates to a bank card capable of carrying out bank transactions, contact or contactless, and having an additional functionality. Preferably, this additional functionality relates to the displaying of an item of data on the card itself without requiring having a battery inside or any type of energy storage inside.
The materials used to produce the device according to the present invention are mainly plastic-based materials.
One of the main problems resolved by the present invention, is the production of a display, with the removal or any energy storage means at the same level as the bank card for this, and this even in a functioning called “contactless”.
Indeed, the present invention cleverly ensures the supply of the bank card such as a new cryptogram, for example, can be generated and displayed on said card.
The present invention takes advantage of a synergy between the different elements composing it, which are at least one radio antenna configured to receive an energisation signal and a display module configured advantageously to consume energy only when the displayed information is modified.
Advantageously, the present invention takes advantage of numerous resources that a communication device, preferably portable, can supply. Indeed, the present invention uses such a device, on the one hand, as a wireless electrical supply source, on the other hand, as a wireless data source, preferably dynamic.
The present invention will now be described as an example of embodiments in reference to
According to an embodiment, the electronic chip 120 can be (or not) a bank chip, i.e. capable of making bank transactions (or not).
Indeed, according to an embodiment, the electronic chip 120 can be independent of an electronic bank chip already present in a bank card, for example. This makes it possible thus to adapt the present invention to devices requiring an electronic chip as well as a set of quite specific modules. Indeed, the present invention makes it possible to add the functionality for displaying data without any battery, nor energy storage to any device, while conserving, if needed, the elements already present at the level of the device in question. This versatility of the present invention makes it possible for the application thereof to sectors where the already existing electronic chips must be conserved for security questions, for example, as well as the addition of the electronic chip 120, of the display module 140 and of at least one antenna 110, 110a ensures the implementation of the present invention in high-level security sectors.
Particularly advantageously, the radio antenna 110, 110a makes it possible to receive an electromagnetic signal 220 configured to electrically supply the device 100. This supply by electromagnetic wave 220 thus makes it possible to be subtracted from the presence of a battery and even an electricity storage module at the level of the device 100.
Preferably, the radio antenna 110, 110a electrically directly supplies the electronic chip 120.
The whole of the device 100 is indeed configured to be supplied from at least one electromagnetic signal 220 generated by a portable communication device 200, it can be, for example, a smartphone. Advantageously, the present invention takes advantage of the resources available at the level of a portable communication device 200 that are at the energy level and/or at the data level, preferably dynamic.
According to an embodiment, the whole of the device 100 is configured to be supplied from at least one electromagnetic signal 220 generated by a communication device, it can be, for example, an Electronic Payment Terminal (EPT), or an electronic terminal.
Indeed, the present invention is intended to be supplied by an electromagnetic field coming from an external device wirelessly, this external device being advantageously a portable or non-portable communication device.
This electromagnetic wave 220 is configured to energise the device 100 by way of the at least one antenna 110, 110a which is designed so as to receive electromagnetic energy and to supply the electronic chip 120 in order to implement a computer program and to display, for example, a security code on the display module 140.
According to this embodiment, the antenna (110, 110a) electrically supplies the electronic chip 120 which electrically supplies the display module 140.
Advantageously, this display module 140 is an e-paper type screen or designed with an electronic ink base, and more generally, a screen configured to be supplied only at the time when the display thereof changes, but which makes it possible to maintain a display when it is no longer supplied.
According to an embodiment of the display module 140 is controlled by a microcontroller, not represented in the figures. This microcontroller can be integrated to the electronic chip 120, or to the display module 140 itself, or also be a full module, preferably situated electrically between the electronic chip 120 and the display module 140.
Advantageously, the electronic chip 120 comprises at least one processor and at least one memory module. Said processor is thus preferably configured to execute at least one computer program contained in the at least one memory module.
Preferably, said computer program is configured to generate a result, for example, a security code.
According to an embodiment, said computer program is an encrypting program configured to generate a result from data called static and data called dynamic.
For example, in the case of the implementation of the present invention in the banking sector, the static data can comprise the bank card number, the expiry date thereof, a random number, the name of the user of the card, and the dynamic data can, itself, preferably comprise a time stamping and advantageously a GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) time stamping. Said computer program thus uses this static and dynamic data in order to generate a cryptogram, this cryptogram is thus called dynamic, since it is brought to change a security code at each generation. Indeed, at each implementation of the present invention, a new result, for example, a new cryptogram, is generated and displayed.
According to an embodiment, the dynamic data can be, for example, an unlocking key, an encryption key, an item of time stamping data, a random number.
The static data is advantageously contained in the memory module comprised by the electronic chip 120. Concerning the dynamic data, it is advantageously transmitted to the electronic chip 120 by way of the radio antenna 110, 110b through an electromagnetic signal 220.
According to a preferable embodiment, this electromagnetic signal 220 is emitted from a communication device 200 of electronic terminal or smartphone type, for example.
According to a preferred embodiment, the communication device 200 is a portable communication device 200.
According to an embodiment, the portable communication device 200 comprises at least one processor, at least one non-transient memory, at least one battery and at least one antenna, capable of emitting at least one electromagnetic signal 220 configured to energise the device 100 and to transmit dynamic data to it.
The portable communication device 200 advantageously comprises communication means over wi-fi, GSM, 3G, 4G, 5G communication networks, for example.
The portable communication device 200 preferably comprises a display screen making it possible to display information.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the portable communication device 200 is a smartphone comprising radiofrequency communication means, of NFC and/or RFID type, for example.
According to an embodiment, one same electromagnetic signal 220 electrically supplies the device 100 and transmits dynamic data.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic signal 220 directly supplies the electronic chip 120 and indirectly, the display module 140.
According to an embodiment, the device 100 can comprise a plurality of radio antennas 110, 110a, 110b in order to receive or emit over different frequencies.
According to another embodiment, the radio antenna 110b can be used to receive an electromagnetic signal 220 electrically supplying the present invention and transmitting dynamic data, while the other radio antenna 110b ensures conventional contactless payment functions, for example in the case where the device 100 is a bank card.
Once the cryptogram generated by the computer program executed by the electronic chip 120, the present invention makes it possible for the displaying thereof on the display module 140 contained in the device 100. Through the design thereof, the present invention can only require energy at the time of the implementation of the computer program and of the modification of the displaying of the cryptogram by the display module 140. Indeed, selecting the display module 140 can make it possible for a constant display without energy and only requires energy at the modification of the result displayed.
According to an embodiment, the display module 140 is controlled by the electronic chip 120, preferably by way of a microcontroller.
Advantageously, the display module 140 can display various information, like for example, the balance of the bank card, the number of uses of the bank card, the dynamic cryptogram, balance of a number of points, balance of a travel card.
According to another embodiment illustrated by
The conversion module 130 gives a greater flexibility to the embodiment of the present invention relating to selecting components, both at the level of the electronic chip 120 and at the level of the display module 140 and of the radio antenna 110, 110a, 110b. This energy conversion module 130 can, in particular, make it possible to decouple the electrical supply of the display module 140 and the electrical supply of the electronic chip 130 thus giving a greater flexibility in the industrialisation of the present invention.
According to another embodiment, the energy conversion module 130 can be integrated to the electronic chip 120.
According to another embodiment, the energy conversion module 130 can be integrated to the display module 140.
According to an embodiment, the user has paired their bank card 100 with their smartphone 200.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, this pairing enables for only the smartphone 200 of the user to be able to trigger the generation of a cryptogram at the level of the bank card 100. This makes it possible to increase the security level.
According to an embodiment, the user launches an application 210 on their smartphone 200, they can, for example, enter a personal code in order to unlock this application 210.
According to an embodiment, the application 210 is configured such that the user can initialise the generation of a cryptogram in order to be able to read it on their bank card 100.
For this, the application 210 can trigger the generation from the smartphone 200 of the user of one or more electromagnetic signals 220, configured on the one hand to supply the display module 140 of the bank card 100 and/or the electronic chip 120 thereof, on the other hand to transmit dynamic data, and preferably time stamping data advantageously according to the GMT system.
This energy and this data are thus received by at least one antenna 110, 110a, 110b arranged in the bank card 100. From this energy and from this data, a cryptogram is generated by the computer program contained in the electronic chip 120. The display module 140 is controlled by the electronic chip 120 which uses this energy, partially at least, in order to modify the information displayed by the display module in order to display the cryptogram which has just been generated.
Such that the bank card 100 is able to receive this or these electromagnetic signals 220, this must be put into contact, i.e. in the radiofrequency communication range, with the smartphone. This communication range is specific to the type of radiofrequency technology used.
According to an embodiment, the device can be produced according to the technical characteristics described in the standard ISO 14443 and/or the energy necessary for the functioning of said device is supplied by at least one electromagnetic signal of which the characteristics are described in the standard ISO014443.
According to an embodiment, the user uses the bank card 100 thereof in synergy with their smartphone 200 in order to generate a cryptogram for the confirmation of an online payment from a computer 400 on a website, for example.
According to a preferred embodiment, a software application is activated on the smartphone in order to prepare the emission of the energising electromagnetic wave and of the at least one item of dynamic data.
The generation of this cryptogram is advantageously done as follows:
Once the user is in possession of this cryptogram, they supply said website with their bank details, of the name, bank card number and expiry date type and the calculated cryptogram.
This information is thus transmitted through a communication network 500, for example through the internet, and is received by a bank IT server 600 for verification. This bank IT server 600 ensures a payment confirmation function by evaluating the banking data of the user and by calculating a cryptogram from this static data and a GMT time stamping. If this cryptogram corresponds or is consistent with that supplied by the user, thus the payment is validated; otherwise, the payment is not validated. The use of a time stamping, here GMT, thus ensures a common time calculation base.
According to an embodiment, in order to consider the time difference between the generation of the cryptogram at the level of the bank card 100 and the evaluation thereof at the level of the bank IT server 600, this can use prior GMT time stamping in order to validate the banking transaction over a non-instantaneous time window, this considering a possible time difference. This window of difference being a parameter, adjustable at the level of bank IT server 600 itself.
The present invention thus makes it possible, on the one hand, to simplify the production of dynamic cryptogram bank cards, to decrease the production cost thereof and to increase the security level thereof by decoupling the static and dynamic data necessary for the generation of a dynamic cryptogram.
According to another aspect, and in reference to
Such that the conversion module 130 transmits the data and supplies the display module 140, it can, if necessary, communicate with the electronic chip 120, even be controlled by the electronic chip 120.
More specifically, at least one series of pulses called data pulses can be transmitted from the first circuit to the second circuit via the electrical connection line 3. Each data pulse makes it possible both to electrically supply the second circuit and to transmit an item of data of a series of data which can be interpreted by the second circuit. A series transmission system is associated with the abovementioned method.
The invention this finds a particularly advantageous application in the supply, to the carrier of a chip card, of an item of dynamic information, such as a dynamic security code (or CVV for “Card Verification Value”), through the transmission of data to display and the electrical supply of a display module 140, preferably with low electrical energy consumption, such as an electronic paper (or “e-paper”) which has, furthermore, the advantage of not requiring any energy to leave a text or an image displayed.
In reference to
The first circuit and each second circuit are connected to one another via an electrical connection line 3 and a mass line 4 common to the circuits.
It is thus possible to transmit, from the first circuit to at least one second circuit, via the electrical connection line 3 and in reference to the mass line 4, at least one series of pulses called data pulses 1010 making it possible to both electrically supply the second circuit and to transmit an item of data of a series of data which can be interpreted by the second circuit.
To this end, the first circuit can comprise a switch for supplying the second circuit by the first circuit configured to cut the supply between two successive data pulses.
The second circuit can comprise a non-volatile storage support 21 configured to store the data transmitted by each data pulse 1010 before the second circuit switches off because of any supply defect.
In reference to
Preferably, the cutting 1100 of the supply between two successive data pulses 1010 is configured such that the second circuit 140 switches off because of any supply defect.
The storage of data transmitted by the data pulses 1010 of one same series, even a succession of series, is configured so as to form a set of bits, even a set of bytes, coding a command which can be interpreted and executed by an integrated circuit 22 of the second circuit 140.
The functioning of the first circuit 120 or 130 with the second circuits 140 can in particular use a master-slave technology. The communication between the first circuit 120 or 130 and the second circuits 140 to obey an asynchronous protocol, which does not require to use a global clock signal to synchronise them.
More specifically, the second circuit 140 comprises a non-volatile storage support 21 and an integrated circuit 22, or processing means, which can, if necessary, be comprised in a microprocessor or a microcontroller 20 of the second electronic circuit 140. The non-volatile storage support 21 can, in particular, be a read-only memory which can be electrically deleted and which is programmable (also called EEPROM) or a mass memory with rewritable semi-conductors (or flash memory). The integrated circuit 22 integrates a timer giving the second circuit its own clock signal according to which it can discriminate between pulses of different durations to one another. The second circuit 140 also comprises a display screen 23 connected to the integrated circuit 22 of the second circuit 140.
The display module 140 preferably comprises an electronic paper or E ink screen which advantageously does not require any energy to leave a text or an image displayed and thus makes it possible, at each update of the electronic paper, for the text or image that it displays remains visible after the supply thereof by the first circuit 120 or 130 had been cut, and in particular, when the display module 140 is switched off because of supply defect.
However, the transmission system implemented in the device 100 according to the invention is not at all limited to this specific type of display module. In particular, the use of a display module requiring being continually supplied to display a text or an image, can be considered. It can be, for example, an organic light-emitting diode or OLED.
The data series transmission method according to the embodiment illustrated in
The series of pulses in particular comprises pulses called data pulses 1010. Each data pulse 1010 makes it possible both to electrically supply the second circuit and to transmit an item of data which can be interpreted by the second circuit. Each data pulse 1010 is therefore also a supply pulse.
After a certain time from the origin of the time axis illustrated in
The first cutting 1100 is shown as arrows in
It is understood that each cutting 1100 can last for a undetermined time. This time does not actually have other limits greater than those requires, or compatible with the sought application, the latter could necessarily be limited over time.
Preferably, before the first data pulse 1010 ends, and in any case, before the first cutting 1100 induces the stopping of functioning of the second circuit, the item of bit data equal to 0 transmitted via the first data pulse 1010 is stored on the non-volatile storage support 21 of the second circuit.
After the first cutting 1100, the series of pulses such as illustrated comprises a second data pulse 1010. This second data pulse 1010 is configured to transmit an item of bit data equal to 1. If necessary, the second data pulse 1010 has a second duration t2 corresponding the item of bit data equal to 1.
A second cutting 1100 is done, for example under one of the conditions described above, relative to the first cutting 1100.
Preferably, before the second data pulse 1010 ends, i.e. before the second cutting 1100 is done, the item of bit data equal to 1 transmitted via the second data pulse 1010 is stored on the non-volatile storage support 21 of the second circuit. The storage of the item of bit data equal to 1 transmitted via the second data pulse 1010 is done correlatively to the storage of the item of bit data equal to 0 transmitted via the first data pulse 1010.
The same thus applies for data pulses 1010 which follow, such that is stored, according to the example illustrated in
As illustrated in
This control value is stored on the storage support 21 of the second circuit, preferably before the control data pulse 1040 ends. It is intended, for example, to make it possible to control the validity of a coded command in the form of a series of bits, even a series of bytes, transmitted in the manner described above. This type of validity control of an item of information transmitted appears in a known protocol called “cyclic redundancy check” or CRC protocol. The method according to this particularity thus makes it possible at least to ensure that all expected data has been transmitted to the second circuit and stored on the storage support 21 thereof in a suitable manner. The method according to this particularity can also make it possible to verify that the command stored on the storage support 21 of the second circuit can be interpreted and executed by the integrated circuit 22 of the second circuit.
According to the embodiment illustrated in
Each command can comprise a predetermined number of bits, series of bits, even series of bytes. Correspondingly, each series of data pulses 1010, even each succession of series of data pulses 1010, comprises a determined number of data pulses 1010. In this manner, the pulse succeeding this predetermined number of data pulses 1010 can be, on the one hand, configured by the first circuit to make it possible for the interpretation and the execution, even the validation, of the command transmitted, on the other hand, directly (i.e. from the start of the transmission thereof to the second circuit) interpreted by the second circuit as an order of interpretation and of execution, even of validation, of the command transmitted.
As discussed above, the interpretation and the execution of the command can comprise an update of the screen 23 of the display module 140.
The duration of pulses depends on the start-up time of the second circuit 2 after increasing the supply, and on the technology used for the non-volatile storage support 21.
For example, a flash memory with a start-up duration of around 1 ms (millisecond) and is capable of storing the value of a bit in less than 1 ms. The following can be had:
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and extends to all embodiments covered by the claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 54553 | May 2016 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2017/062157 | 5/19/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017/198842 | 11/23/2017 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190251411 A1 | Aug 2019 | US |
