Patent Application
20110315475
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to people rescue equipment, and in particular, to an apparatus designed to rescue people in emergency, mainly for lowering people from top floors of high rise buildings in case of fire and other emergency.
2. Description of the Related Art
A number of life saving emergency devices are known. One example is a life saving device designed for receiving people jumping or falling from high altitude. This receiving device comprises a pneumatic chamber that includes flexible tubing that forms the top and bottom base areas covered with a flexible shell (including horizontal absorbing membrane) and joined by vertical tubes (RU Patent No. 2150980, 1999). The disadvantage of this device is that the volume of the frame takes up a considerable part of the total capacity size of the receiving chamber.
Another conventional example is a personal emergency device for lowering of people from high-rise buildings. This device is a knapsack fastened to a back of an escaping person. The device has an intermediate membrane with a folded parachute inside. The parachute has inflatable chambers intended for formation of a base of pneumatic carcass. The chambers create an elastic skirt that forms a cone shapes deceleration shield, and a landing basket also formed by the inflatable chambers (RU published application No. 2003124165/12, Aug. 5, 2003). The disadvantage of this device is its large size, heavy weight and low efficiency.
Yet another example is a personal emergency device for lowering people from high-rise buildings, comprising a knapsack equipped with a fastener for fixing it to a back of a rescued person. The knapsack has an intermediate membrane with a folded parachute and inflatable chambers. The chambers form a base of pneumatic carcass. The chambers create an elastic skirt that forms a cone shaped deceleration shield.
A landing basket is also formed by the inflatable chambers. A parachute opening assembly includes a gas source attached to the knapsack and interconnected with the inflatable chambers via flexible elastic gas pipes and inflatable chambers for formation of a landing basket. The inflatable chambers of the landing basket are designed in the form of a bottom base and upright columns.
The columns are connected with the bottom base of the pneumatic frame. Thus, the landing basket has several vertical and horizontal walls and top and bottom separating walls forming cavities. The lower separating wall has holes, and the top separating wall is fastened to the bottom base of the pneumatic frame and with the knapsack (RU Patent No. 2288758, 2006). A disadvantage of this device is its large size, heavy weight and low efficiency.
Yet another example of a personal emergency device for lowering people from high-rise buildings comprises a knapsack provided with a fastener for fixing it to a back of a rescued person. Part of the knapsack is a supporting element that contains an inflatable frame and a toroidal chamber inflatable by a gas generator and connected to inflatable shafts, which are connected to the upper toroidal chamber of a cylindrical inflatable structure.
The structure is formed by toroidal inflatable chambers placed on top of each other (each chamber has a smaller diameter). Thus, a conical deceleration shield is formed. The top inflatable toroidal chamber of a smaller diameter is fixed to the supporting element of the knapsack. The cylindrical chamber is inflated to the atmospheric pressure and has calibration holes for releasing an excessive pressure created by an external stress at the moment of hitting the ground. This chamber is placed under the supporting element to which the rescued person is fastened.
The person is placed in the cavity formed by the cylindrical arrangement of inflatable toroidal chambers of the smaller diameter and the toroidal chambers of the larger diameter. The supporting element of the knapsack is designed in the form of an anatomic cradle conformed to the form of a back of a person. It is fixed to the top inflatable toroidal chamber of a smaller diameter by strips. A gas generator for inflatable toroidal chamber is designed in the form of cold gas generators. It is placed in the cavity of the inflatable toroidal chamber. At least in one of the shafts has the gas generator installed in it. The gas generator connects two chambers isolated from other chambers and shafts (RU No. 66206, published in 2007).
A disadvantage of this device is that it has a large size, is heavy and has low efficiency in terms of energy dissipation of the system with the person at a moment of landing. This solution is taken as a prototype that the present invention improves upon. Accordingly, there is a need for a lightweight efficient apparatus for rescuing people from high rise buildings in case of an emergency.
The present invention is related to people rescue equipment, and in particular, to an apparatus designed to rescue people in an emergency, mainly for lowering people from top floors of high raised buildings in case of fire and other emergency, that substantially obviates one or several of the disadvantages of the related art.
According to a first exemplary embodiment, a personal emergency apparatus for lowering people from high-rise buildings is affixed to a back of a person. The device comprises a central toroidal chamber inflatable by an independent gas-filling source. A membrane for accommodating a person is attached to the chamber. The membrane is connected (on one side) to the inflatable shafts. The shafts are connected by inflatable connectors and are arranged in a cone shape upon inflation. The other side of membrane is connected to an inflatable damping structure that has its own toroidal inflatable chamber connected by inflatable shafts to the central toroidal chamber.
The toroidal inflatable chamber of the damping structure has a diameter greater than the diameter of the central toroidal chamber and is less than the diameter of the base of the cone formed by the shafts. The shafts are straightened out upon inflation. An air-impermeable perforated fabric is stretched between the shafts and toroidal chambers. Alternatively, the shafts, together with the toroidal chambers, are covered by air-impermeable perforated protective covers in order to form a conical deceleration shield in the form of two truncated conical pyramids with a common base at the central toroidal chamber zone.
The conical pyramids have large bases of different diameter pointed in opposite directions. The toroidal chamber of a damping structure has a membrane stretched inside it. An independent gas-filling source is connected to one of the toroidal inflatable chambers or to one of the inflatable shafts. The internal areas of all the toroidal chambers and shafts are connected with one another and form a single closed area.
According to a second exemplary embodiment, a personal emergency device for lowering people from high-rise buildings is affixed to the back of a person. The device comprises a central toroidal chamber inflatable by an independent gas-filling source. A membrane for accommodating a person is attached to the chamber. The membrane is connected (on one side) to the inflatable shafts. The shafts are connected by inflatable connectors and are arranged in a cone shape upon inflation. The other side of membrane is connected to an inflatable damping structure that has its own toroidal inflatable chamber connected by inflatable shafts to the central toroidal chamber.
The toroidal inflatable chamber of the damping structure has a diameter greater than the lower toroidal inflatable chamber and has a diameter larger than the diameter of the central toroidal chamber. The shafts are straightened out upon inflation. An air-impermeable perforated fabric is stretched between the shafts and toroidal chambers. Alternatively, the shafts, together with the toroidal chambers, are covered by air-impermeable perforated protective covers in order to form a conical deceleration shield in the form of two truncated conical pyramids with a common base at the central toroidal chamber zone.
The conical pyramids have large bases of different diameter pointed in opposite directions. The toroidal chamber of a damping structure has a membrane stretched inside it. An independent gas-filling source is connected to one of the toroidal inflatable chambers or to one of the inflatable shafts. The internal areas of all the toroidal chambers and shafts are connected with one another and form a single closed area.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In the drawings:
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
According to the exemplary embodiment, a personal emergency apparatus for lowering people from high-rise buildings, implemented as an inflatable deceleration unit, is provided. This apparatus is intended for personal rescue of people and valuable cargoes located on any floor of high-rise buildings in case of a fire or other emergencies requiring an emergency evacuation.
The proposed rescue apparatus combines both an effective deceleration device for re-entry and a damping device. Special skills are not required to use the apparatus. The apparatus can be used almost instantly. The apparatus protects a person being rescued during descend from hits against the walls and from the high temperature and open flames. The damping system (i.e., damping construction) provides for a safe and soft landing.
The components of the rescue system provide for an estimated descent and landing speed. The system comprises two stages: main stage in a form of “inverted or inverse truncated cone,” and a second stage (also in a form of a truncated cone), but with a greater diameter for a damping structure. In the inflated, unfolded (operational) state, the apparatus has a shape of two truncated cones connected with each other by their tops and having different diameters of their outside bases. The apparatus has a central toroidal chamber at the base of both cones. According to the exemplary embodiment, the rescue apparatus is aerodynamically steady and self-orients in flight, so during the descent it constantly turns in such a manner that the large cone is above and a small cone is below.
The personal emergency device for lowering people from high-rise buildings according to the first exemplary embodiment (
The central chamber 1 is connected on the other side to an inflatable damping structure, composed of the shafts 4 of the bottom toroidal inflatable chamber 5, the membrane 6 for accommodating a rescued person. The bottom toroidal inflatable chamber 5 has the diameter greater than the diameter of the central toroidal chamber 1 and less than the diameter of the base formed by shafts 2 that are straightened out along the cone and connected to the central toroidal chamber 1 by the inflatable shafts 4.
An air-impermeable fabric 7 is stretched between the shafts of the toroidal chambers. Alternatively, the shafts, together with the toroidal chambers, are covered by air-impermeable covers (i.e., layers). An air-impermeable fabric or air-impermeable covers are perforated. In the bottom toroidal chamber the membrane is stretched (not shown) for formation of two truncated conical pyramids with a common base in the central toroidal chamber zone and with large bases of different diameter directed outwards for formation of a conic deceleration shield.
An independent gas-filling source communicates with one of the toroidal inflatable chambers, or with one of the inflatable shafts. The internal areas of all of the toroidal chambers and shafts are connected with one another, forming a single closed area. According to the first exemplary embodiment depicted in
The central toroidal chamber 1 is connected on the one side to the inflatable shafts 2 connected with each other by the inflatable connectors 3. The top toroidal inflatable chamber has a diameter greater than diameter of the central toroidal chamber 1. The central toroidal chamber 1 is connected on the other side to an inflatable damping construction, composed of the bottom toroidal inflatable chamber 5.
The membrane 6 for accomodating of a rescued person is attached to the central toroidal chamber 1. The bottom toroidal inflatable chamber 5 has the diameter greater than the diameter of the central toroidal chamber 1 and lesser than the diameter of the top toroidal chamber. The bottom toroidal inflatable chamber is connected with the central toroidal chamber by the inflatable shafts 4.
An air-impermeable fabric 7 is stretched between the shafts 2 and shafts 4 of the toroidal chambers for formation of two truncated conic pyramids with a common base and with large bases of different diameter directed outwards for formation of a conic deceleration shield. The shafts are connected with each other by cross flows and connected with an independent gas generator (source).
According to the exemplary embodiment, the top cone is intended for effective aerodynamic braking and stabilization of the device position while in flight. The apparatus has the shape of the “inverted truncated cone,” formed by the central toroidal chamber 1 and shafts 2 with the connectors 3. The top and bottom cones are implemented in a form of inflatable leak-free shafts which are placed along generators and covered by a conic air-impermeable covering. Note that in the strict sense, cones transform into pyramids having in their bases polygons with number of angles equal to number of shafts, (i.e., from 6 to 16, and in the given example equal to 8).
The shafts of the top and bottom cones and the central chamber are interconnected by gas cross-flows and from a uniform, isolated and leak-tight volume. The device is filled with gas under excess pressure and does not change its shape or parameters during the descent. The outer surface of the rescue device can be supplied with the thermal coating providing safety when passing through the sources of an open flame.
The bottom cone is intended for effective aerodynamic deceleration and stabilization of the device position during flight. It comprises the cylindrical shafts 4 placed downwards forming a cone and are interconnected by the bottom inflatable chamber 5. The top portion has the form of the cone, formed by the central toroidal chamber 1 and shafts 2 with the connectors 3.
An air-impermeable fabric (material) covers the bottom and central chambers along the bottom edges of the tores. Air-impermeable fabric (material) has some calibrated holes for connection of the internal volume of “pneumatic bag” with the atmosphere. The fabric is also attached to the shafts of the top cone on the inner side (from the side of symmetry axis of the device).
A pneumatic-frame of the device (i.e., chambers, shafts, connection bridges) is filled to excessive pressure with gas by means of independent filling system. In the process of unfolding of the device from the folded state, atmosphere air penetrates into the damping “pneumatic bag” and the top cone assumes the necessary working shape.
A person is accommodated in the lodgement on the device's membrane. The person is fixed to the lodgement by his back by means of the restraining system. The lodgement is a part of a knapsack in which the device is packed. The lodgement anatomically conforms to the profile of the person's back to provide an even pressure upon the person at the moment of landing. It is strongly attached to the power chamber.
The amortization system (i.e., a damping system of the rescue device) is intended to decrease the shock load at the moment of landing to a safe level. At the moment when the bottom chamber contacts the landing surface (due to elasticity of shafts of the bottom tore), it loses its speed in the system of coordinates connected with the landing surface practically to zero. However, the person in the lodgement, the central chamber, and the top cone that having lager mass, continue to move towards the landing surface. The elasticity of the bottom shafts in compression resistance is limited. Therefore, destruction of shafts, or deformation of shafts of the bottom cone take place.
By the time of the destruction of shafts of the bottom cone, the speed of the person in the lodgement essentially decreases due to the power chamber, but movement towards the landing surface continues. Then, in case of considerable movement, the damping “pneumatic bag” is deformed and the inside pressure raises consequently. The higher the speed of movement of the person within the lodgement and the power chamber, the higher the excessive pressure built in the damping “pneumatic bag.”
The excessive pressure in the “pneumatic bag” effects the power chamber with the gas-barrier material attached to it and creates an additional effect, apart from the elasticity of the shafts, which finally eliminates the kinetic energy of a person within the lodgement that leads to the full stop of the lodgement. It should be noted that as excessive pressure rises in the damping “pneumatic bag,” the air from the “pneumatic bag” goes into the atmosphere through the calibrated holes.
The higher the excessive pressure in the “pneumatic bag,” the higher the speed of out coming air that leads to stabilization or decrease of the excessive pressure in the “pneumatic bag.” When the quantity, diameters and arrangement of the given holes is correct, it is possible to keep overloads to a person at landing within reasonable safe values. The proposed damping system is universal and helps to guarantee landing of a person of any weight within the prescribed limits of the overload.
According to the exemplary embodiment, the lodgement is designed for placing a person during flight into horizontal position and fixing a person. A person is fixed to the lodgement at their back by means of the restrained system. The lodgement is a part of a knapsack in which the rescue device is packed. The lodgement anatomically conforms to the profile of the person's back to provide an even pressure at the moment of landing. The lodgement is a load-bearing element. It is fastened to the power chamber by means of breaking flanges.
During the flight of the device, effective aerodynamic braking to the speed less than 11 m/s is provided. Landing loads at a touchdown are eliminated by the damping system. Load factor at the moment of landing does not exceed 16 g and time of its effect is less than 0.5 second.
According to the second exemplary embodiment, the central toroidal chamber is connected on the one side to the inflated shafts which, upon inflation, are arranged into a cone and which are interconnected by inflatable connectors without formation of the top toroidal chamber.
The personal emergency device for lowering of people from high-rise buildings according to the second exemplary embodiment (
The central toroidal chamber 1 is connected on the one side to the inflatable shafts 2, which are connected to the top toroidal inflatable chamber 8. The top toroidal inflatable chamber 8 has a diameter greater than the diameter of the central toroidal chamber 1. The central toroidal chamber 1 is connected on the other side to an inflatable construction composed of the bottom toroidal inflatable chamber 5.
The membrane 6 for accommodating a rescued person is attached to the central toroidal chamber 1 with an independent gas-filling source (not shown). The bottom toroidal inflatable chamber 5 has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the central toroidal chamber 1 and is less than the diameter of the top toroidal chamber 8. The bottom toroidal inflatable chamber 5 is connected to the central toroidal chamber 1 by the inflatable shafts 4.
An air-impermeable fabric 7 is stretched between the shafts of top and bottom toroidal chambers. Alternatively, the shafts of the toroidal chambers are covered by air-impermeable covers. An air-impermeable fabric 7 or air-impermeable covers are perforated.
The membrane 9 is attached to the low end of the bottom toroidal chamber 5 for formation of two truncated conical pyramids with a common base and with other bases of different diameter directed outwards for formation of a conic deceleration shield. An independent gas-filling source is connected to one of the toroidal inflatable chambers or to one of the inflatable shafts. The internal areas of all the toroidal chambers and shafts are connected to one another and form a single closed area.
The construction, according to the second exemplary embodiment, functions similar to the first exemplary embodiment. The proposed system can be manufactured with the use of materials and technologies applied for production of automobile safety systems such as bags inflatable from a gas generator.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the proposed system provides for a light weight rescue device that uses less gas for inflation of the device while simplifies the construction. The proposed rescue device provides better safety due to elimination of the device turn-over possibilities at the time of landing.
Having thus described a preferred embodiment, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain advantages of the described method and apparatus have been achieved.
It should also be appreciated that various modifications, adaptations and alternative embodiments thereof may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The invention is further defined by the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009114229 | Apr 2009 | RU | national |
This application is a U.S. National Phase of PCT/RU2010/000171, filed Apr. 14, 2010, which claims priority to RU 2009114229, filed on Apr. 15, 2009.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2010/000171 | 4/14/2010 | WO | 00 | 9/6/2011 |
