Patent Grant
7249616
This application claims priority of Italian Patent Application No. FR2004A000012, filed Jul. 27, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a device for filling toner container, such as toner cartridges, toner bottles, plastic bags, etc.
2. The Prior Art
Toner is a powder used in fax machine, laser printer, copiers, etc. Toner particles have a size of less than 10 μm, preferably less than 3 μm. These machines use toner cartridges, filling toner bottles, etc. which have to be replaced or refilled regularly.
For the manufacture of said toner cartridges or filling toner bottles or for the recycling of said toner cartridges or filling toner bottles, a filling device is used for introducing fresh toner in the container.
Various devices have been proposed for filling toner containers and toner bottles.
JP6127501 discloses a toner filling device comprising a feeder controlling the supply of toner particles in a funneled part, the lower end of which is connected to the opening of the toner container to be filled. The feeder comprises an endless screw controlling the supply of toner in the funneled part, while a rod agitator is turned in the funneled part so as to increase the flow of toner particles in the toner container to be filled. Two different funnels are necessary, whereby the possible escape of toner particles during a filling operation is possible at the bottle neck, at the top of the funnel placed above the container or bottle, at the top of the feeding funnel and at the endless screw.
When having to fill various containers with various different color toner or various toner quality, it is necessary to clean carefully the two funnels and the endless screw. Such a cleaning takes times. Furthermore, the risk of contamination from different toners still exists.
EP 0 928 743 discloses a pneumatic valve for filling a toner container with toner particles issuing from a hopper through a conduit. When having to fill different container with different toner, a cleaning operation of the complete filling system is required. This is time consuming. Furthermore, the risk of contamination from different toners still exists.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,947,169 discloses an oscillating valve for powders for improving the flow of powders in a toner container.
CA2269363 relates to a high speed nozzle for toner filling system comprising a hopper and a conduit with an inner conveyor. When having to fill different container with different toner, a cleaning operation of the complete filling system is required. This is time consuming. Furthermore, the risk of contamination from different toners still exists.
JP2000194184 discloses a toner filling device comprising a hopper, the bottom of which is provided with a conduit in which an endless screw extends. Said screw is rotated by a motor. When having to fill different container with different toner, a cleaning operation of the complete filling system is required. This is time consuming. Furthermore, the risk of contamination from different toners still exists.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,722,406 discloses an apparatus for cleanly cutting off filling of a container said apparatus is placed at the end of a conduit connected to a hopper, an endless screw is located with the conduit. When having to fill different container with different toner, a cleaning operation of the complete filling system is required. This is time consuming. Furthermore, the risk of contamination from different toners still exists.
JP2004083130 discloses a toner filling device provided with a detecting part for detecting the weight of the container and controlling the timing for discharging the toner from the hopper into the container. When having to fill different container with different toner, a cleaning operation of the complete filling system is required. This is time consuming. Furthermore, the risk of contamination from different toners still exists.
FR2567498 discloses a moistening device comprising a peristaltic pump. The device is not used for moving dry toner powder.
The invention relates to a simple device, not expensive, enabling a quick change of the filling operation from one toner to another toner, without having to clean any part of the device and without risk of contamination. The invention relates also to a process for filling a toner container, which enables a quick change in the filling operation, such as passing quickly, without special cleaning operation, from the filling of containers with a first type of toner to the filling of containers with a second type of toner. In the device of the invention, advantageously all parts in contact with one toner are changed when having to fill containers with another toner. No contamination can thus occur.
The invention elates to a device for filling dry toner powder from a supplying means in a toner container, said device comprising:
Advantageously, the device comprises means for maintaining the piping system from the inlet to the outlet in a continuous downwards path.
Advantageously, the flow of toner particles is pulsated continuously downwardly.
According to an embodiment, the means for compressing a portion of the pipe comprises at least one roller, advantageously at least two rollers, preferably at least three rollers or more (for example 4, 5, 6, 8 or 10).
According to an advantageous embodiment, in which the portion of the pipe to be compressed extends between a first transversal section and a second transversal section, the device comprises means for maintaining curved the portion between said first and second transversal sections, so that said curved portion has a minimum radius of curvature of at least 1 cm, preferably comprised between 1.5 cm and 10 cm, most preferably between 2 and 8 cm.
Advantageously, the ratio radius of curvature/outer diameter of the flexible and compressible portion is comprised between 3 and 10, preferably between 4 and 8.
Preferably, the portion of the pipe to be compressed is curved so as to form a portion of a circular path, said portion extending on an angle of less than 200°, such as less than 181°, most preferably less than 180°, especially comprised between 45 and 175°, more specifically between 100 and 160°.
The piping system consists advantageously substantially only of a flexible and compressible pipe.
According to an advantageous detail of the device, the pipe comprises:
Preferably, the first curved portion, the second curved portion and the third curved portion are located substantially in a same vertical plane.
In a specific embodiment, the pipe comprises:
According to another specific embodiment, the pipe comprises:
Preferably, in said embodiment, the second portion and the fourth portion are substantially vertical, while most preferably the second portion and the fourth portion extend substantially along a same vertical axis.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a means for exerting vibration to the pipe.
Preferably, the means for ensuring a relative movement between the compressing means and the portion to be compressed so as to create a pushing of the toner present in said portion towards the outlet is also a means for exerting vibration to the pipe.
According to a specific embodiment, the device comprises a peristaltic pump acting as a compressing means of a portion of the pipe and as a means for ensuring a relative movement between the compressing means and the portion to be compressed so as to create a pushing of the toner present in said portion towards the outlet.
Advantageously, the device further comprises maintaining means for maintaining two portions of the pipe distant from the portion on which acts the peristaltic pump, whereby said maintaining means are adapted so as to enable a movement of the pipe during the working of the peristaltic pump.
According to a detail of an advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a connecting piece attached to the pipe, said connecting piece being adapted for connecting the inlet of the pipe to a supplying means.
The connecting piece is preferably adapted for ensuring a substantially complete sealing.
The device comprises advantageously a connecting piece attached to the pipe, said connecting piece being adapted for connecting the inlet of the pipe to a supplying means made of a flexible and compressible material, preferably a flexible and compressible bag.
The device comprises advantageously a supporting means adapted for supporting a toner supplying means (such as a bag, a tank with a inner volume of 5 liters to 100 liters or more, etc.) at a level above the compressing means.
For example, the supporting means is adapted for supporting a toner supplying means in a form of a flexible and compressible bag at a level above the compressing means. Preferably, said supporting means is also adapted for enabling a relative movement of the bag with respect to the supporting means. Such a relative movement is advantageous for creating some vibrations in the bag.
According to a further detail, the pipe or at least the portion of the pipe submitted to a compression has advantageously an inner diameter or equivalent diameter of less than 2 cm, preferably less than 1.5 cm. The inner diameter or inner equivalent diameter is preferably greater than 0.4 cm, most preferably greater than 0.6 cm. Preferred inner diameters are comprised between 0.7 cm and 1.4 cm.
The wall thickness of the pipe or at least the portion submitted to compression steps is comprised between 0.1 and 1 cm, the ratio wall thickness/inner diameter being advantageously comprised between 1:5 and 1:2, preferably between 1:4.5 and 1:3.5.
Such a ratio is preferable for ensuring the best flow of toner particles in the compressible pipe portion.
According to a further detail, the device controls the flow of toner particles or is provided with a control means so that the maximum flow is advantageously lower than 3 kg per minute, preferably lower than 2 kg per minute, most preferably comprised between 0.1 kg and 1.6 kg per minute, such as 0.5 kg/minute, 0.8 kilo/minute; 1 kg/minute, 1.4 kg/minute.
According to a specific embodiment, the device comprises a peristaltic pump acting as a compressing means of a portion of the pipe and as a means for ensuring a relative movement between the compressing means and the portion to be compressed so as to create a pushing of the toner present in said portion towards the outlet, whereby said peristaltic pump comprises at least three rollers adapted for compressing a curved portion of the pipe, whereby said portion is located with respect to the peristaltic pump so that a roller starts to exert a pressure on said portion, while another roller exerts a pressure on the pipe so as to compress it only partly, preferably so that a roller starts to exert a pressure on said portion, while another roller exerts substantially no pressure on the pipe.
According to a detail of a further embodiment, the device comprises a structure with a supporting means adapted for supporting a toner supplying means, whereby said supporting means is mounted mobile with respect to the toner supplying means. For example, the supporting means can be pivoted downwardly, so that the filling of the supply means is easier or so that the removal/attachment of supply means or bags is easier.
According to another detail of an embodiment, the device comprises at least a wire mounted at least partly mobile in the pipe or piping system so as to break toner agglomerates. For example, a portion of the wire extends outside of the pipe (through a hole) so as to enable an easy actuation thereof. Such a wire can be used for breaking possible toner agglomerates formed before or after the peristaltic pump.
According to still a further embodiment, the device comprises at least one air inlet for supplying air between the inlet of the piping system and the flexible portion to be compressed.
According to still a further embodiment, the device comprises a series of peristaltic pumps so as to enable the filling of several toner containers at the same time, or so as to enable the use of one specific pump so as to fill one specific toner in the toner container, and thereafter another toner in another container.
According to still a further embodiment, the device comprises:
Preferably, several peristaltic pumps act as compressing and moving means.
According to still a further embodiment, the device comprises a piping system comprising at least two flexible and compressible pipe portions mounted in parallel, and compressible means for acting on said two pipe portions.
The invention relates also to a process using a device of the invention for the filling of toner containers, such as toner cartridges, toner bottles, recharging systems, etc.
The process of the invention is a process for filling a toner container with toner particles issuing from a toner supplying means by means of a filling device, said device comprising:
Advantageously, the piping system from the inlet to the outlet follows a continuous downwards path. During a filling operation, the toner follows thus a continuous downwards path.
In the process, a portion of the compressible pipe portion is advantageously compressed by at least one roller, preferably by at least two rollers, especially by at least three rollers. For example, during the filling operation, said portion is compressed according to a series of compression steps by a single roller, whereby an intermediate compression step by two rollers extends between two successive compression steps by one single roller.
The portion of the pipe is advantageously compressed between a first transversal section and a second transversal section, while maintaining curved the portion between said first and second transversal sections, so that said curved portion has a minimum radius of curvature of at least 1 cm, preferably comprised between 1.5 cm and 10 cm, most preferably between 2 and 8 cm.
Advantageously, the ratio radius of curvature/outer diameter of the flexible and compressible portion is comprised between 3 and 10, preferably between 4 and 8.
According to a detail, the portion of the pipe is compressed according to a portion of a circular path, said portion extending on an angle of less than 200°, advantageously less than 181°, preferably less than 180°, such as comprised between 45 and 175°, most specifically comprised between 100 and 160°.
The piping system comprises (preferably consists advantageously of substantially only one) at least one compressible and flexible pipe from the inlet up to the outlet.
According to a detail, the pipe is placed so as to form at least:
Especially, the first curved portion, the second curved portion and the third curved portion are located substantially in a same vertical plane.
According to a specific embodiment, the pipe is placed so as to define a path comprising:
According to another specific embodiment, the pipe is placed so as to define a path comprising:
Preferably, the second portion and the fourth portion are substantially vertical, while most preferably the second portion and the fourth portion extend substantially along a same vertical axis.
According to an advantageous embodiment, during a filling operation the pipe is submitted at least partly to vibrations.
According to an embodiment, the means for ensuring a relative movement between the compressing means and the portion to be compressed pushes the toner present in said portion towards the outlet and exerts vibrations on the pipe.
According to a specific embodiment, a peristaltic pump acts as a compressing means of a portion of the pipe and as a means for ensuring a relative movement between the compressing means and the portion to be compressed so as to create a pushing of the toner present in said portion towards the outlet.
Most specifically, a peristaltic pump acts on a first portion of the pipe, while two portions of the pipe distant from the portion on which acts the peristaltic pump are maintained at least partly in position so as to enable a movement of the pipe during the working of the peristaltic pump, whereby said peristaltic pump acts as a compressing means of a portion of the pipe and as a means for ensuring a relative movement between the compressing means and the first portion to be compressed so as to create a pushing of the toner present in said first portion towards the outlet.
Advantageously, the pipe is connected to a toner supplying means by a connecting piece, so as to enable to remove the supplying means from the pipe, for example for replacing a void toner supplying means by a new toner supplying means.
Preferably, a substantially complete sealing between the pipe and the toner supplying means is ensured by the connecting piece.
For example, a flexible and compressible bag or a foldable bag is used as toner supplying means, said flexible and compressible bag being connected to the pipe by means of a connecting piece. In other possible embodiments, the supplying means is a tank with a volume for example comprised between 10 liters and 150 liters.
The toner supplying means is advantageously supported so as to extend at a level above the compressing means. The difference of levels between the toner supplying means and the compressing means is advantageously less than 3 m, preferably comprised between 10 cm and 2 m, most preferably between 15 cm and 75 cm, such as 25 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm.
The pipe or at least the compressible pipe portion has advantageously an inner diameter or equivalent diameter of less than 2 cm, preferably less than 1.5 cm. The equivalent diameter is preferably greater than 0.4 cm, most preferably greater than 0.6 cm. Preferred inner diameters are comprised between 0.7 cm and 1.4 cm.
The wall thickness of the pipe or at least the portion submitted to compression steps is comprised between 0.1 and 1 cm, the ratio wall thickness/inner diameter being advantageously comprised between 1:5 and 1:2, preferably between 1:4.5 and 1:3.5. Such a ratio is preferable for ensuring the best flow of toner particles in the compressible pipe portion.
In the process of the invention, the maximum flow of toner particles is advantageously lower than 3 kg per minute, preferably lower than 2 kg per minute, most preferably comprised between 0.1 kg and 1.6 kg per minute, such as 0.5 kg/minute, 0.8 kilo/minute; 1 kg/minute, 1.4 kg/minute.
Advantageously, during a filling operation, possible toner particles escaping out of the toner container are collected in a collecting means adjacent to the outlet of the pipe.
According to an embodiment, the filling operation of a toner container is controlled so as to detect when the toner container is filled.
According to an embodiment, a valve adjacent to the outlet of the pipe is controlled at least at the end of a filling operation or a valve at the outlet of the pipe is controlled at least at the end of a filling operation.
According to specific embodiments, a peristaltic pump acts as a compressing means of a portion of the pipe and as a means for ensuring a relative movement between the compressing means and the portion to be compressed so as to create a pushing of the toner present in said portion towards the outlet, whereby the peristaltic pump is adjacent to the outlet of the pipe.
According to a further detail of a specific embodiment, a pipe with anti adherence properties for toner particles is used.
According to still a further embodiment of the process, the device used comprises a series of peristaltic pumps so as to enable the filling of several toner containers at the same time, or so as to enable the use of one specific pump so as to fill one specific toner in the toner container, and thereafter another toner in another container.
According to still a further embodiment, the device used comprises:
Preferably, several peristaltic pumps act as compressing and moving means.
Details and characteristics will be disclosed in the description of the following preferred embodiments, in which reference is made to the attached drawings.
The device of
The pump 5, when working, creates vibrations which are transmitted to the pipe, as well as to the structure. This is advantageous for the flow of particles in the pipe towards the pump, for the escape of toner at the outlet of the pipe, and for the flow of toner from the supply container 1 into the pipe 2.
In said embodiment, the pipe 2 has five portions, namely:
The working of said machine is quite easy. The person responsible of the filling operation fills toner in the supply container 1 (which can be a tank or drum, but preferably a flexible bag or container), said toner being for example furnished in bags, etc. After the filling of said container 1 is ended, he attaches the connector 3 to the neck of the supply container 1. If the supplying means is a bag, the upper structure can be pivoted so that the bag can be more easily fixed to the connector 3, and then pivoted back in its working position for filling operation.
The machine is now ready for filling toner cartridges or refilling bottles for toner cartridges. He places a container to be filled on the system 7, the container TC being advantageously maintained in position for example by a foam layer 80 with an opening in which the bottom of the bottle 2 can be inserted.
The outlet 2B of the pipe is introduced in the bottle.
The weighting system with the container is calibrated to a reference value, for example 0 or minus the weight of the toner to be introduced. The motor for driving the roller of the peristaltic pump 5 is actuated (by pressing on a button “start”). The rollers, the one after the other acts on the portion 2C of the pipe so as to form a local flattened zone in said portion and so as to move downwardly said local flattened zone, whereby pushing the toner present in the portion 2C downwardly. The container 1 receives then the toner flowing out of the pipe through the outlet 2B. As soon as the weighting system detects that the required amount of toner is within the container or bottle TC, the weighting system sends a signal to the control system 8 for stopping the rotation of the pump 5.
The outlet 2B of the pipe is removed from the container TC and closed with the plug 4. The bottle TC is removed and closed with cap or a sealing means.
A new bottle TC is placed on the weighting system 7. After calibration, the plug is removed from the outlet 2B and said outlet is introduced in the bottle 1. The filling operation is then similar to that disclosed here above.
The pump 5 comprises:
The channel 55 is shown in open position (larger width) in
The rollers 5A,5B,5C are identical and have a diameter D5 of 0.5 cm to 2 cm, preferably about 0.7-1.2 cm. The distance R51 between the axis of rotation A-A and the axis of rotation C-C of the rollers is for example comprised between 2 cm and 8 cm, preferably between 2.5 cm and 5 cm.
In working position, the face 56 is curved, the curvature of which is centered with respect to the axis A-A and is defined by a radius of curvature R56 corresponding substantially to R51+(½×D5)+(2× thickness of the wall of the pipe), for example a radius of curvature comprised between 3 cm and 4.5 cm. The radius of curvature is preferably equal to 1.02 and 1.1×[R51+(½×D5)+(2× thickness of the wall of the pipe)] so as to not exert a too high pressure on particles still present on the wall of the local flattened zone of the pipe by the roller.
The pipe 2 has for example an outer diameter of about 1.2 cm and a thickness of about 2 mm (i.e. an inner diameter of 0.8 cm, and a ratio inner diameter/wall thickness of 4), said pipe being made in an elastic material, whereby the pipe can be elastically deformed or flattened. The pipe is advantageously transparent. Preferably the pipe is provided with an inner anti adherence coating, such as a fluoro coating, a teflon coating, etc. The pipe can also be made in an antiadherent material, such as in Teflon.
The face 56 extends between two ends 56A,56B along a portion of a circular path defined by an angle α comprised between 100 and 160°.
The ends 56A,56B are curved in a direction opposite to the direction of curvature of the central circular portion of the face 56.
The device comprises two maintaining means 6 one located at a level above the pump 5 (for example 10 to 25 cm above the pump 5), while the other is located at a level below the pump 5 (for example 10 to 25 cm below the pump). Said means 6 are distant from the vertical plane V passing through the axis A-A. The distance D6 separating the means 6 with respect to the plane is advantageously greater than the radius of curvature R56 of the face 56, for example comprised between 1.5 and 5 times said radius of curvature 56. In this way it is possible to ensure a slope S1 for the pipe 2 from the upper maintaining means 6 to the inlet 55A of the channel 55, said slope S1 having a minimum radius of curvature at least equal to R56, preferably 2 to 10 times said radius R56.
A slope S2 similar to the slope S1 is defined between the outlet 55B of the channel 55 and the lower maintaining means 6.
During the working of the pump 5, vibrations are transmitted to the pipe, whereby the slope S1 and S2 are moved so as to enable an improved flow of toner particles towards the pump 5 or towards the outlet 2B of the pipe.
In another embodiment, the pipe 2 is provided with an air inlet between the inlet 2A and the pump 5, said air inlet having the form of a hollow pipe with an outer diameter of less than 3 mm, especially less than 2 mm, such as an injection needle. Air is sucked by the underpressure created in section S1 of the pipe, said air breaking the toner clog. Advantageously the air flow can be regulated by changing the hole diameter of the needle or by a valve controlling the air inlet in said needle.
Such a breaking system is also advantageously used for breaking possible agglomerates in the end portion of the pipe adjacent to the outlet 2B. Said system 14 comprises a wire 15 extending partly in the pipe, said wire passing through a wall of the pipe (for example at a point located above the lower maintaining means 6) whereby a portion 16 of the wire extents outside of the pipe so as to form an actuating means. A collecting means 13 (such as a foam layer or a felt layer) is placed around the penetrating point of the wire 15 into the pipe. The lower end of the wire is provided with a plug 17, such as a conical plug. The plug is adapted for closing the outlet 2B of the pipe 2 at the end of a filling operation. The plug 17 during a filling operation is removed from the outlet 2B so as to enable a flow of toner in the container or bottle to be filled. Such a system is advantageous, as it enables a closing or opening of the outlet 2B while said outlet 2B is still in the container or pipe.
The toner supply is a flexible bag 1, the open end 2 of which is associated with a intermediate pipe 20 provided with a rubber layer 21. The pipe is placed partly in the bag, and the plastic portion 1A of the bag adjacent to the opening 1C is pressed against the rubber layer 21. An outer rubber layer 22 can possibly cover said pressed portion 1A of the bag, and rings 23 are fixed so as to exert a pressure on the rubber layers 21, 22, whereby a good sealing is obtained between the bag and the pipe. The pipe 20 is made in a material sufficiently rigid for resisting to the compression exerted by the rings 23.
The end of the pipe 20 is provided with a thread 24 adapted for working with the screw portion 25 of the connector 30 on which the inlet end 2A of the pipe 2 is fixed.
The bag 1 is advantageously attached on the structure 9, so that the open end 1A of the bag is directed downwards with respect to the bottom 1B of the bag. The bottom 1B of the bag is folded and engaged in a groove 26 of a cylinder 27. The bottom end is so enrolled so that said end is fixedly attached to the cylinder 27.
Advantageously, the bag 1 contains a limited amount of air or only a small portion of the inside of the bag is free of toner particles. During the filling operation, toner escapes from the bag 1, whereby the inner volume of the bag is reduced.
The arms 92 are provided with extensions 94 with a connecting element 95 adapted for working with an attachment means 96 (such as a hook mechanism) so as to maintain the part 91 substantially vertical. A cylinder 97 or another mechanism (such a spring, a gas spring, etc.) can be used for limiting the pivoting angle of the part 91 with respect to the base 90. The cylinder or gas spring 97 is also suitable for reducing the lifting force required for placing back the part 91 in its upper position.
A maintaining ring 6 is attached to an arm 92 so as to maintain locally a portion of the pipe.
The base 90 is provided with a plate 98 on which is fixed the control system 8 with the peristaltic pump 5, as well as a profile 99 with the ring 6 adapted for maintaining another portion of the pipe 2.
The device 7 for weighting the bottle or container during its filling is advantageously independent from the base.
When the weighting mechanism is attached directly to the base, it is advantageous to provide some absorbing means so as to limit the vibrations of the weighting mechanism.
The piping system comprises two flexible and compressible pipe portions 2X,2Y, the inlets of which are connected via the connector 31 to the pipe 2V connected to the toner supplying means 1, while the outlet of which are connected to the outlet pipe 2W via the connector 32.
Each pipe portions 2X,2Y are partly placed in a pump 5X,5Y, said pumps being driven by one single motor 5Z. The tow pumps 5X,5Y press the pipe portions 2X,2Y, whereby creating in each pipe portion a flow of dry toner particles. The flow of dry particles from the pipe 2X,2Y is then collected in the outlet pipe 2W.
Such a device is advantageous for increasing the flow rate of toner particles.
Each pipe portion 2X,2Y is provided with a needle 2N so as to enable the suction of air in the pipes.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2004A0012 | Jul 2004 | IT | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4561759 | Knott | Dec 1985 | A |
| 5139176 | Eben et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5168905 | Phallen | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5921295 | Zelazny et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5947169 | Wegman et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5953567 | Muramatsu et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 6142340 | Watanabe et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6253968 | Van Dijk et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6722406 | Wegman et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 20040011425 | Wegman et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040060611 | Amano et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040134560 | Sato et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2269363 | Oct 2000 | CA |
| 0 239 255 | Sep 1987 | EP |
| 0 473 348 | Mar 1992 | EP |
| 0 900 732 | Mar 1999 | EP |
| 0 928 743 | Jul 1999 | EP |
| 1 380 501 | Jan 2004 | EP |
| 2 567 498 | Jan 1986 | FR |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060021672 A1 | Feb 2006 | US |
