Patent Application
20160072430
The present invention relates to devices that allow partially transparent images that are positioned in front or behind a solar panel to be illuminated.
Most photovoltaic or thermal solar collectors are dark or even black in color in order to collect as much light from the sun as possible. However, in order to disseminate visual information positioned on their surface or in order to make them more attractive and allow them to better integrate visually into their environment, or indeed even to make them suitable for communicating visual messages or images, it would be advantageous for said collectors to appear a wider variety of colors or indeed display images and hence no longer appear uniformly black or dark.
Techniques already exist that allow either a photovoltaic solar collector to be made partially transparent so that it lets some of the light that it receives pass, or an image covering said collector to be made partially transparent so that the solar collector receives at least some solar radiation.
Moreover, document WO 2007/85721 relates to an optical system that allows an image to be viewed on the surface of a solar panel without this image forming an obstacle to the direct solar rays that must reach the solar panel. It consists of a solar panel, of a lenticular surface formed from rectilinear lenses and of a transparent film on which is printed an image from which rectilinear bands lying parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lenses have been removed. At certain viewing angles an observer sees only the image bands whereas at other angles of incidence solar rays pass through the transparent bands and reach the active area of the solar collector.
This document makes a decisive contribution to the visual integration of solar panels into their environment. However, it does not address the problem of illumination of the displayed image, which may prove to be necessary in certain circumstances, for example at night, or under poor ambient lighting conditions.
Furthermore, these images, because they are necessarily semitransparent to light, or because they are positioned behind a solar panel, cannot be illuminated with conventional lighting because such lighting would either be ineffective or would not be transparent enough to solar radiation, the aim being for the illumination device to intercept only a small portion of the sunlight illuminating the solar panel.
Moreover, a photovoltaic device allowing both light energy to be converted into electrical current and an image to be illuminated is known from document WO 2011/114262, this dual effect being obtained by superposing photovoltaic elements certain of which are dedicated to the current generation function and others of which are dedicated to the display of information. The effectiveness of this device may be increased with a set of reflectors allowing a light energy concentration effect to be obtained. However, this document does not describe optical means for obtaining, simply and using a single photosensitive layer, both generation of a current via the photovoltaic effect and illumination of an image printed on or placed against a carrier.
Therefore, the main aim of the invention is to improve either the illumination of an image that is positioned behind a semitransparent solar panel, or that of a semitransparent image that is placed in front of a solar panel, while making sure that the illumination device does not form much of an obstacle to the solar rays that pass therethrough. Specifically, the solar radiation that passes through the image or solar panel must also activate the solar panel with the minimum of losses in order for it to continue to generate a significant amount of electrical power. Therefore, the device according to invention also aims to form the smallest possible obstacle to this incident solar radiation, since it is the root cause of the expected power generation.
Another aim targeted by the device according to the invention is to decrease the electrical current that is required to illuminate the image and therefore the overall electrical power consumption of the light source used to illuminate the image in front of or behind the solar panel, thereby especially allowing devices to be designed that display illuminated images while nonetheless being autonomous from the point of view of power supply.
Basically, the invention comprises a light source, which is preferably artificial, and a device or transparent sheet provided with optical means suitable for redirecting this light toward the front of an image placed behind or in front of a solar panel, while modifying very little the amount of sunlight received by said solar panel.
The expression “image printed on a transparent sheet” generally designates, in order to simplify the description, that the pixels of the image are placed in contact with a transparent sheet, and it is not intended to be understood as limiting the technology used to produce the image, which may be printing or another technology.
The image may also by extension be an electronic image provided that it comprises at least one surface able to be placed in contact with one of the faces of said transparent optical sheet. The image may then for example be of the LCD, LED, OLED, plasma or even e-ink or electrophoretic-ink type.
In its basic version, the device according to the invention comprises a solar panel and a transparent optical sheet on which is formed an image, for example by printing, so that there is no air gap between the transparent optical sheet and the image. Said printed sheet is positioned behind or in front of the active area of the solar panel and comprises a multitude of image zones that may be completely opaque or partially transparent or completely transparent to sunlight, it being understood that the various image zones may be of different transparencies.
A light source is positioned on the periphery of the optical sheet and illuminates the edge face of said sheet in order to propagate light in its thickness. The sheet then plays the role of a wave guide for the light, which is unable to exit from the sheet except via its edges and via the image zones that are printed on one of the faces of the sheet. Specifically, the pixels or ink printed on one of the faces of the sheet have a refractive index similar to that of the sheet, thereby allowing the light to penetrate into this ink and to convey its color. Thus, the image zones will be illuminated without the transparent optical sheet or the lighting system forming an obstacle to incident solar radiation.
The various components of the preceding basic device may be combined with one another so as to create features suitable for improving the sought-after visual effects and especially suitable for improving the illumination of the image depending on its position relative to the solar collector.
Therefore, the subject of the invention is a solar device comprising a solar panel, a transparent sheet acting as a light guide, an image composed of a multitude of opaque or semitransparent image zones separated by completely transparent zones or micro-holes that let said solar panel appear, said image being printed on or placed directly against said transparent sheet, and a light source propagating its light in the thickness of said transparent sheet, characterized in that said transparent sheet comprises optical means arranged to redirect toward the image zones most of the light injected by said light source (4). In this way, the image being illuminated becomes much easier to see. Furthermore, the image is illuminated without there being an air gap between the light source and the image, so that almost all the light transmitted by the light source will therefore illuminate the image. Furthermore, the device for lighting the image does not disrupt transmission of sunlight to the solar collector.
A plurality of variants in the relative arrangement of the solar panel, image and transparent sheet provided with its optical means are possible.
According to one variant embodiment of the device, the transparent sheet is located in front of the image, and the latter is located in front of the solar panel from the point of view of an observer or ambient light.
According to another variant embodiment, the image is located in front of the transparent sheet, and the latter is located in front of the solar panel.
According to another variant embodiment, the transparent sheet and the image are located behind the solar panel, the latter then being semitransparent, or provided with micro-holes that let some ambient light pass toward the image.
There are a plurality of variant embodiments, depending on the location of the optical means of the transparent sheet. According to one variant, said optical means are located on the front face and/or back face of said transparent sheet and comprise micro-lenses and/or optical microstructures specially configured so that light that passes through the interior of said transparent sheet exits therefrom preferentially in the direction of the image zones, in an angular range that corresponds substantially to the angular range of observation of the device by the observer. In this way, only or mainly the image bands are illuminated, which become visible to the observer even at night, without illuminating the solar panel.
According to the invention, the microstructures of the transparent sheet consist of prisms or grooves in the transparent sheet. Preferably, the total area of said microstructures represents less than 10% of the total area of said transparent sheet.
According to one advantageous variant of the invention, the transparent sheet is composed of two subsheets, namely a first subsheet having its front face structured with an array of convex rectilinear lenses that lie parallel to one another, and a second subsheet the faces of which are parallel, said subsheet being positioned in front of the first subsheet, i.e. between the first subsheet and an observer or the sun, and the second subsheet having its front face, its back face, or both its faces optically structured with microstructures, the light of said light source being directed toward a lateral edge face of the first subsheet and/or second subsheet, but preferably toward a lateral edge face of the second subsheet.
More precisely, the microstructures of the second subsheet are configured so that the light that is injected into the second subsheet by the illuminating light source is preferentially scattered toward the lenses of the first subsheet at an angle such that said lenses redirect the light toward the image zones of the image without reaching the photovoltaic panel. In this way, the observer sees the image, without being perturbed by even partial vision of the solar panel.
In order to also ensure optimal operation of the device under ambient light, the lenses of the first subsheet are configured so that some ambient light, especially sunlight, is directed by the lenses essentially toward the completely transparent zones of the image so as to illuminate the photovoltaic panel and produce an electrical current.
According to one advantageous variant embodiment, the surfaces of the two subsheets make contact and these contacts form optical lines through which the light that propagates in the thickness of the second subsheet may pass in order then to have its radiation scattered toward the image and more particularly toward the image bands, in order to illuminate said image or said image bands from in front.
According to one embodiment of the device, the solar panel is positioned behind the transparent sheet and said image is on the whole semitransparent and is composed of a multitude of image zones that are optionally themselves opaque and that are printed onto the back face of the sheet, said image zones taking the form of parallel bands spaced apart by completely transparent bands, the front face of the sheet being optically structured with an array of convex rectilinear lenses that lie parallel to one another, the longitudinal axis of the lenses lying parallel to the image bands so that each lens has a corresponding image band near its focal plane, the illumination from in front of the image zones being achieved with light that travels through the interior of the transparent sheet, this light being injected via the edge face of one the two sides of the sheet that lie perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lenses.
According to another embodiment of the device, the solar panel is positioned behind the transparent sheet composed of two subsheets, a first subsheet being structured on its front face with an array of convex rectilinear lenses that lie parallel to one another, said image being composed of a multitude of image zones a first portion of which, taking the form of parallel bands spaced apart by completely transparent bands, is printed on the back of this first subsheet, and a second portion of which is printed on a transparent second subsheet the faces of which are parallel, said subsheet being positioned in front of the first subsheet, said first portion of the printed image preferably being opaque and preferably white (white underprint) and said second portion of the printed image (colored portion) being composed of a multitude of semitransparent image zones, preferably without the white underprint, this second portion of the image being printed on the front face or on the back face of said second subsheet, the illumination of said first portion of the image zones being achieved with light that is injected via the edge face of one the two sides of the first subsheet that lie perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lenses.
Advantageously, in this embodiment, the second portion of the image is also illuminated with light that is injected via the edge face of at least one of the four sides of said second subsheet and that travels through the interior of the second subsheet.
It may be advantageous, to simplify manufacture or decrease cost, for the first subsheet, including the printed image bands and optionally the lateral illumination device of said first subsheet, to be integrated into a protective front cover of the solar panel, or to replace this front cover.
According to one variant embodiment, said transparent sheet or said first and second subsheets are covered with a transparent protective film of low refractive index in order to increase the effectiveness of the light guiding effect.
The solar panel may be of various types or shapes and for example comprise a flexible or stiff, curved or planar, photovoltaic, thermal or hybrid solar collector. In one advantageous variant, the solar panel is a photovoltaic panel and its back face is made reflective, for example using the back electrode of the photovoltaic cells when said electrode is made of a metal, especially aluminum, silver or copper.
It will be noted that the device is not tied to particular dimensions, it is independent of the thickness of the photovoltaic cells, of the sheet, of the subsheets, of the lenses, of the pixels or of components of the lighting, these dimensions possibly being decreased to about 100 microns.
The illuminating light source is preferably configured to inject collimated light into the transparent sheet, said light being injected into the transparent sheet or into one or other of the subsheets at an angle smaller than 30° to the reflecting surfaces of the sheets. In this way it is possible to ensure that the light transmitted through the sheet exits only at the provided optical means in order to be effectively directed toward the image.
According to one variant embodiment, the transparent sheet consists of a sheet of optical fibers of various colors the surfaces of which have light scattering properties.
According to other variants, the transparent sheet is stiff or flexible and made of a mineral, organic or synthetic material.
The light source is of variable nature and it may be solar or artificial and of any color and any nature, it for example being a filament lamp, an LED lamp, an OLED, a fluorescent strip light, a laser or a neon lamp.
The image may also be of variable nature. When it is semitransparent, it is for example made up of colored pixels composed of inks, UV inks, or inks containing phosphorescent or metal additives so that the light is absorbed by one of the front or back faces of the pixels, then re-emitted from the other face of the pixels, possibly with another color.
Furthermore, the illuminated image may be a still or animated electronic image, for example of the LCD, OLED or plasma type, and its carrier preferably comprises a surface able to be placed in direct contact with the transparent sheet, in order to avoid optical losses in air gaps.
Another particular case is that where the photovoltaic electrical power produced by the device delivers the illumination of the image in real time, without recourse to a device for storing electrical power, therefore without batteries, accumulators or capacitors. This electrical self-supply will no longer serve only for nocturnal lighting but also for lighting during the day, for example in order to improve the brightness of the image and increase its visibility.
The invention is now described in more detail by virtue of the appended figures.
One option for this variant (not illustrated) consists in positioning the image zones (3) in front of orifices in the photovoltaic panel or film (6), the latter having been deposited on a transparent carrier forming the sheet (2) at the moment of its manufacture, so that said transparent carrier (2) serves as the sheet (2) and plays the role of light guide for the device.
The optical paths traced by sunlight and the light from the artificial source (4) are shown in greater detail in
In
In
It has been observed that for optimal operation, the light from the source (4) must itself be collimated, and be fed into the transparent sheet (2) or into one or other of its subsheets (7, 12) preferably at an angle smaller than about 30° relative to their surfaces.
This makes it possible to better control the exit angle at which the light emitted by the source (4) is remitted toward the image (3).
Furthermore, by virtue of these arrangements, most of the light emitted by the light source (4) is directed via the microstructures (13) and the lenses (10) toward the image bands (8) without illuminating the photovoltaic panel (1), so that the electrical power required to generate the illumination of the image is typically less, in comparison to known systems.
As may be seen in
An additional variant consists in making the surfaces of the two subsheets (7, 12) touch so that the top of the lenses (10) of the first subsheet touches the adjacent face of the second subsheet (12). The contacts (14) between the first subsheet (7) and the second subsheet (12) then form optical lines through which the light (4) that propagates in the thickness of the second subsheet (12) may pass and thereby transmit its radiation toward the image (3) and more particularly toward the image bands (8), this being an effective way of illuminating said image (or said image bands) from the front.
If the first portion of the image (8) consists of opaque white bands and if the second portion (11) of the image consists of a semitransparent image without the white underprint, then the observer (5) will see a high-quality reconstituted image that will be partially reflective and partially emissive. With this combination, sunlight will be not be very strongly absorbed by the second portion (11) of the image because the latter will be very transparent since printed without the white underprint, and sunlight will not be very strongly absorbed by the first portion (8) of the image because the lenses (10) will deviate solar radiation between the image bands (8), through the bands (9) that are completely transparent.
In one variant of this combination, the lenticular first subsheet (7), including the printed image bands (8), and optionally if relevant including the lateral artificial illumination device of said first subsheet (7), is integrated into the front face of said solar panel (1), i.e. this first subsheet (7) is adhesively bonded to the protective front cover of said solar panel (1) or optionally replaces said cover.
A first exemplary embodiment according to the embodiment in
On the periphery of the sheet (2), on one of the edge faces of the sheet, a strip of light-emitting diodes is placed the light beam (4) of which is directed toward the thickness of the sheet so that said light (4) penetrates into the thickness of said sheet. The face opposite the image (3) is structured with microstripes that lie parallel to one another and the density of which gradually increases so that the light that propagates in the interior of the sheet and that is reflected by these optical microstructures is preferably redirected toward the image (3).
The sheet (2) is positioned in front of the active face of the solar panel (1) with that face on which the image is printed positioned on the same side as the solar panel (1).
An observer who observes the image during the day, through the sheet and at a distance of 5 m does not see the completely transparent zones clearly but only the image (3), which is illuminated by ambient sunlight. At night, the illumination device according to the invention illuminates the front of the image (3) by virtue of the light of the LEDs that propagates in the thickness of the sheet and that is scattered on contact with the ink that makes contact with the back face of the sheet. The artificial light (4) that illuminates the front of the image (3) does not exit through the completely transparent spaces because an air gap of low refractive index is left between the printed sheet (2) and the front cover of the solar panel (1), thereby causing total internal reflection of said light in these locations. The solar panel (1) well exposed to the sun delivers an electrical power of about 60 W, this corresponding to the electrical power calculated for the solar panel when the semitransparent image is positioned in front thereof, but the illumination device of the image that it comprises the transparent sheet and the strip of diodes do not form obstacles to the solar radiation and therefore do not decrease the operating power of the solar panel.
A second exemplary embodiment according to the embodiment in
During the day, some sunlight first passes through the second subsheet (12) with little absorption, then passes through the lenses (10) that orient this sunlight toward the transparent bands (9) and the surface of the solar panel (10). Another portion of the sunlight passes through the lenses (10) that orient this other portion of the sunlight toward the white bands (8) that reflect this light forward and therefore through the image (11). An observer will thus see the image (11) in part illuminated directly and in part backlit by ambient sunlight. In fact, during the day the solar panel (1) indeed receives a large part of the light direct from the sun without the illumination device according to the invention forming an obstacle to the entering sunlight.
At night, or in the absence of ambient light, the artificial illumination device illuminates the white bands (8) the light of which is reflected toward the front of the first subsheet (7) and therefore through the image (11). The observer will then see the image (11) backlit by the artificial light (4) reflected from the white bands (8).
In fact, the invention indeed meets the set aims as it allows an image (3) that is either opaque and positioned behind a semitransparent solar panel (6) or semitransparent and placed in front of an opaque solar panel (1) to be illuminated while ensuring that the illumination device (2, 4) does not form much of an obstacle to the light that illuminates said solar panel (1).
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 00847 | Apr 2013 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2014/000080 | 4/10/2014 | WO | 00 |
