This application claims priority from European patent application No. 14155427.9 filed Feb. 17, 2014, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The invention concerns a forced oscillation timepiece resonator mechanism arranged to oscillate at a natural frequency and comprising, on the one hand, at least one oscillating member, and on the other hand, means for maintaining the oscillations arranged to exert an impact and/or a force and/or a torque on said oscillating member, wherein said oscillating member carries at least one oscillating regulator device whose natural frequency is a regulation frequency that is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency of said resonator mechanism, said integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
The invention also concerns a timepiece movement comprising at least one resonator mechanism arranged to oscillate around its natural frequency.
The invention also concerns a timepiece, particularly a watch, including at least one such movement.
The invention concerns the field of time bases in mechanical watchmaking.
The search for improvements in the performance of timepiece time bases is a constant preoccupation.
A significant limitation on the chronometric performance of mechanical watches lies in the use of conventional impulse escapements, and no escapement solution has ever been able to avoid this type of interference.
EP Patent Application No 1843227A1 in the name of SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd discloses a coupled resonator with a first low frequency resonator and a second higher frequency resonator comprising means for permanently coupling the resonators to each other.
CH Patent No 615314A3 in the name of PATEK PHILIPPE discloses a movable assembly comprising an oscillating balance, subjected to the action of a balance spring, and synchronised by a vibrating member magnetically coupled to a fixed member. The vibration frequency of this vibrating member is higher than that of the balance. The balance and the vibrating member form the same, single, movable element which simultaneously vibrates and oscillates. The vibration frequency of the vibrating member is an integer multiple of the oscillation frequency of the balance.
EP Patent Application No 2690507A1 in the name of NIVAROX discloses a timepiece assembly comprising a balance spring stud including means of attachment to a plate or to a bridge. This assembly includes a balance spring with at least one strand wound into coils between an inner end and an outer end, the inner end fixed to a collet is pivotally movable about a pivot axis, and the outer end is integral with the balance spring stud. This stud and/or collet includes braking means arranged to cooperate with at least a first coil when accelerations during the contraction or extension of the balance spring are greater than desired values, to change the resulting rigidity of the balance spring when the number of its active coils are modified by local coupling of at least the first coil to the braking means.
DE Patent No 1217883B in the name of BAEHNI & CO discloses an electric timepiece with an incremental encoder and a member for driving the gear train, using a magnetostrictive vibrator.
EP Patent Application No 2487547A1 in the name of MONTRES BREGUET SA discloses a timepiece regulator, for an escapement mechanism or striking work, with centrifugal and eddy current regulation.
EP Patent Application No 1772791A1 in the name of SEIKO EPSON concerns centrifugal regulation combined with regulation by modulation of air friction, and discloses a contactless regulator using the resistance of the viscosity of a fluid, with a rotor powered by a power transfer means, and a wing having surfaces perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, arranged on the external circumference of the rotor, and which is radially movable under the effect of the centrifugal force produced by rotation of the rotor. The wing is returned by an elastic return means. A surface opposite the circumference of the rotor is the origin of a resistance dependent on the amount of motion applied to the wing.
The invention proposes to manufacture a time base that is as accurate as possible.
To this end, the invention concerns a forced oscillation timepiece resonator mechanism arranged to oscillate at a natural frequency and comprising, on the one hand, at least one oscillating member, and on the other hand, means for maintaining the oscillations arranged to exert an impact and/or a force and/or a torque on said oscillating member, wherein said oscillating member carries at least one oscillating regulator device whose natural frequency is a regulation frequency which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency of said resonator mechanism, said integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10, characterized in that said regulator device includes, loosely pivotally mounted on said oscillating member, at least one secondary sprung balance with an eccentric unbalance relative to the secondary pivot axis about which said secondary sprung spring pivots.
According to a feature of the invention, said regulator device includes at least one spring-inertia block assembly comprising an inertia block attached by a spring at a point on said oscillating member.
According to a feature of the invention, said regulator device includes at least one wing or strip that is movable under the effect of aerodynamic variations and attached by a pivot or by an elastic strip or by an arm to said oscillating member.
The invention further concerns a timepiece movement including at least one resonator mechanism arranged to oscillate about its natural frequency, characterized in that said movement includes at least one regulator device comprising means arranged to act on said resonator mechanism by imposing a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency and/or quality factor and/or point of rest of said resonator mechanism with a regulation frequency which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency of said resonator mechanism, said integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
According to a feature of the invention, said movement includes at least one such resonator mechanism, whose oscillating member carries at least one said regulator device.
According to a feature of the invention, said movement includes at least one said regulator device distinct from a said at least one resonator mechanism, and which acts either by contact with at least one component of said resonator mechanism, or remote from said resonator mechanism by modulation of an aerodynamic flow or of a magnetic field or of an electrostatic field or of an electromagnetic field.
The invention also concerns a timepiece, particularly a watch, including at least one such movement.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear upon reading the following detailed description, made with reference to the annexed drawings, partially and schematically showing parametric oscillators corresponding to various implementation modes and variants of the invention, and wherein:
It is an object of the invention to produce a time base for making a timepiece, in particular a mechanical timepiece, especially a mechanical watch, as accurate as possible.
One method of achieving this consists in associating different resonators, either directly or via the escapement.
To overcome the factor of instability linked to an escapement mechanism, a parametric resonator system makes it possible to reduce the influence of the escapement mechanism and thereby render the watch more accurate.
A parametric oscillator uses, for maintaining oscillations, a parametric actuation which consists in varying at least one of the parameters of the oscillator with a regulation frequency ωR.
By convention and in order to differentiate clearly between them, “regulator” 2 refers here to the oscillator used for maintaining and regulating the other maintained system, which is referred to here as “the resonator” 1.
The Lagrangian L of a parametric resonator of dimension 1 is:
L=T−V=½I(t){dot over (x)}2−½k(t)[x−x0(t)]2
where T is the kinetic energy and V the potential energy, and the inertia I(t), rigidity k(t) and rest position x0(t) of said resonator are a periodic function of time, x is the generalized coordinate of the resonator.
The forced and damped parametric resonator equation is obtained via the Lagrange equation for Lagrangian L by adding a forcing function f(t) and a Langevin force taking account of the dissipative mechanisms:
where the coefficient of the first order derivative at x is:
γ(t)=[β(t)+{dot over (I)}(t)]+I(t),
β(t)>0 being the terms describing losses,
and where the coefficient of zero order term depends on the resonator frequency
ω(t)=√{square root over (k(t)/I(t))}{square root over (k(t)/I(t))}.
The function f(t) takes the value 0 in the case of a non-forced oscillator.
This function f(t) may also be a periodic function, or be representative of a Dirac impulse.
The invention consists in varying, via the action of a maintenance oscillator called a regulator, one and/or the other or all of the terms β(t), k(t), I(t), x0(t), with a regulation frequency ωR that is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple, (particularly double) of the natural frequency ω0 of the oscillator system to be regulated.
To understand this phenomenon, it can be likened to the example of a pendulum whose length is varied. The damped oscillator equation is as follows:
where the first order term at x is the loss term, and where the zero order term is the frequency term of the resonator, and where x0(t) corresponds to the position of rest of the resonator.
The function f(t) takes the value 0 in the case of a non-forced oscillator.
This function f(t) may also be a periodic function, or be representative of a Dirac impulse.
The invention consists in varying, via the action of a maintenance oscillator or regulator 2, one and/or the other or all of the terms β(t), k(t), I(t), x0(t), with a regulation frequency ωR that is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10, (particularly equal to two) of the natural frequency ω0 of the oscillator system to be regulated, in this case resonator 1. In a particular application, the regulation frequency ωR is comprised between 1.8 times and 2.2 times the natural frequency ω0, and more particularly, regulation frequency ωR is double the natural frequency ω0.
Preferably, one or several terms, or all the terms β(t), k(t), I(t), x0(t) vary with a regulation frequency ωR thus defined, and which is preferably an integer multiple (particularly double) of the natural frequency ω0 of the resonator system 1 to be regulated.
Generally, in addition to modulating the parametric terms, the oscillator used for maintenance or regulation therefore introduces a non-parametric maintenance term f(t), whose amplitude is negligible once the parametric regime is attained [W. B. Case, The pumping of a swing from the standing position, Am. J. Phys. 64, 215 (1996)].
In a variant, the forcing term f(t) may be introduced by a second maintenance mechanism.
The maintenance oscillator or regulator 2 also makes it possible to vary, if it is not zero, the term f(t).
In the example of the unforced damped oscillator, and in the case where x0 is a constant, the parameters of the equation are summarized by the frequency term ω and the loss term β, in particular losses through mechanical or aerodynamic or internal or other friction.
The oscillator quality factor is defined by Q=ω/β.
To better understand the phenomenon, it can be likened to the example of a pendulum whose length is varied. In such case,
where L is the length of the pendulum and g the attraction of gravity.
In this particular example, if length L is modulated in time periodically with a frequency 2ω and sufficient modulation amplitude δL (δL/L>2β/ω), the system oscillates at frequency ω without damping.
In this particular example, if length L is periodically modulated in time with a frequency 2ω and sufficient modulation amplitude δL (δL/L>2β/ω), the system oscillates at frequency ω without damping.
The zero order term may also take the form ω2(A, t), where A is the oscillation amplitude.
Thus, the invention concerns a method and a system for maintaining and regulating a timepiece resonator mechanism 1 around its natural frequency ω0. According to the invention, there is implemented at least one regulator device 2 acting on resonator mechanism 1 with a periodic motion.
Thus, the invention concerns a method and a system for regulating a timepiece resonator mechanism 1 around its natural frequency ω0.
According to the invention, there is implemented at least one regulator device 2 imparting a periodic motion to at least one internal component of resonator mechanism 1, or to an external component exerting an influence on such an internal component such as an aerodynamic influence or braking, or modulating a magnetic or electrostatic or electromagnetic field or similar exerting a “return” force (used in the broad sense here of attraction or repulsion) on such an internal component of resonator 1.
According to the invention, this periodic motion imposes at least a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency and/or quality factor and/or point of rest of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of natural frequency ω0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
In a first specific implementation mode of the invention, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of at least the resonant frequency of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of natural frequency ω0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
In a second specific implementation mode of the invention, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of at least the quality factor of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of natural frequency ω0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
In a third specific implementation mode of the invention, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of at least the point of rest of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of natural frequency ω0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
Naturally, other specific implementation modes of the invention permit a mixture of the first, second and third modes.
Thus, in a fourth specific implementation mode of the invention combining the first and second modes, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of at least the resonant frequency and quality factor of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of natural frequency ω0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
In a fifth specific implementation mode of the invention combining the second and third modes, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of at least the quality factor and point of rest of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of natural frequency ω0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
In a sixth specific implementation mode of the invention combining the first and third modes, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of at least the resonant frequency and point of rest of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of natural frequency ω0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
In a seventh specific implementation mode of the invention combining the first, second and third modes, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of at least the resonant frequency, quality factor and point of rest of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of natural frequency ω0, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
In a specific implementation of these various implementation modes of the method, all the modulations are performed either with the same frequency ωR or with frequencies ωR that are multiples of each other.
The first three main implementation modes of the invention will be set out in detail below.
In a specific implementation of the first implementation mode of the invention, the periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency of resonator mechanism 1 by acting on the rigidity and/or the inertia of resonator mechanism 1. More specifically, the periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency of resonator mechanism 1 by imposing both a modulation of the rigidity of resonator mechanism 1 and a modulation of the inertia of resonator mechanism 1.
Different advantageous variants permit different means of achieving the invention in this first implementation mode.
In a first variant of the first implementation mode, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the resonator frequency of resonator mechanism 1, by imposing a modulation of the inertia of resonator mechanism 1 through modulation of the mass of resonator mechanism 1, and/or through modulation of the shape of resonator mechanism 1 (as seen in
Still in this first variant of the first mode,
Still in this first variant of the first mode,
This modulation of the centre of gravity position is preferably a dynamic modulation acting on one or more of the components of resonator 1. Inertia modulation can be achieved through shape modulation, through a change in mass, or through a change in the centre of gravity of the resonator relative to its centre of rotation, for example with the use of a flexible balance. It is also possible to use built-in resonators, with a dissymmetry having a suitable phase ratio, as seen in
In a second variant of the first mode, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency of resonator mechanism 1, by imposing a modulation of the rigidity of an elastic return means comprised in resonator mechanism 1 or a modulation of a return force exerted by a magnetic or electrostatic or electromagnetic field within resonator mechanism 1. More specifically, in this second variant, the periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency of resonator mechanism 1, by imposing a modulation of the active length of a spring comprised in resonator mechanism 1 (as seen in
In a third variant of the first mode resulting from a combination with the third implementation mode of the invention, the periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency of resonator mechanism 1 by imposing both a modulation of the rigidity of resonator mechanism 1 and a modulation of the point of rest of resonator mechanism 1.
To act on the rigidity, the phenomena of magnetostriction can advantageously be used, periodically modifying rigidity by subjecting a component, made of a suitable material, of resonator 1 to a magnetic field (internal magnetisation and/or external field), or to shocks.
To act on the modulus of elasticity, it is also possible to use the phenomenon of magnetostriction, but also to employ a periodic temperature rise, shape memory components, the piezoelectric effect, or non-linear regimes achieved through the use of specific stresses.
In a specific implementation of the second implementation mode of the invention, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the quality factor of resonator mechanism 1 by acting on the losses and/or the damping and/or the friction of resonator mechanism 1. Action may be taken in different ways:
In a specific implementation of the third mode of the invention, this periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the point of rest of resonator mechanism 1, by modulating the position of attachment of resonator mechanism 1 and/or by modulating the equilibrium between the return forces acting on resonator mechanism 1. Modulation of the position of attachment of resonator mechanism 1 can be performed on at least one point of attachment of resonator 1. For example, in a resonator 1 with a sprung balance 3, it is possible to act on the balance spring stud and/or on the collet 7 for attaching balance spring 4 on at least one pivot point by action on the pivot shock absorber elements. Some functions of the movement can be used for this purpose, for example in a conventional escapement mechanism, the percussion of the lever on springs or suchlike.
Preferably, when the component on which rigidity can be modulated is formed of several elements, the modulation is performed on at least one of such elements.
In another implementation mode of the invention, the periodic motion imposes a periodic modulation of the quality factor of resonator mechanism 1, and according to the invention, the periodic motion is imparted at the same regulation frequency ωR both to a component of resonator mechanism 1 and to a loss generation mechanism on at least one component of resonator mechanism 1.
In yet another implementation mode of the invention, compatible with each of the various modes presented above, regulator mechanism 2 imposes a periodic modification of the frequency of resonator mechanism 1 with a higher relative amplitude than the inverse quality factor of resonator mechanism 1.
In an easy-to-implement mode of the invention, regulator device 2 acts on at least one attachment of resonator mechanism 1.
As regards frequency ωR, although it is possible to imagine that the periodic modulation of the various characteristics: resonant frequency, quality factor, point of rest, occurs for each at different multiples of frequency ω0 (for example, rigidity modulation with double the basic frequency and quality factor modulation at quadruple the basic frequency), this does not provide any particular advantage, because the maximum effect and stability of parametric amplification is obtained when the frequency is double the basic frequency. Further, it is not easy to envisage a system wherein each characteristic is modulated differently, except if there is a plurality of regulators 2, which would make the system complex. Therefore, modulation of all the parameters preferably occurs at the same frequency ωR.
Different applications of the invention are possible.
In a conventional application, the invention is applied to a resonator mechanism 1 comprising at least one elastic return means 40, and at least one such regulator device 2 is made to act by controlling a periodic variation in the frequency of resonator mechanism 1 and/or in the quality factor of resonator mechanism 1.
In a normal watchmaking application, the invention is applied to a resonator mechanism 1 comprising at least one sprung balance assembly 3 including a balance 26 with at least one spring 4 as the elastic return means 40. More specifically, as seen in
In another variant of the application to a sprung balance assembly 3 comprising a balance 26 with at least one spring 4 as elastic return means 40, the quality factor of resonator mechanism 1 is modified through modification of the air friction of balance 26, generated by a local modification of the geometry of balance 26, under the action of regulator device 2, the device is on balance 26 here. For example, as seen in
In another variant where the environment is acted upon rather than the actual balance, the quality factor of resonator mechanism 1 is modified through a modification of the air friction of balance 26 generated by a local modification of the geometry of the environment around balance 26 under the action of regulator device 2 as seen in
The invention is therefore also applicable to resonator mechanisms 1 with no mechanical return means. Thus, in specific applications (not shown), the periodic motion of regulator mechanism 2 imposes modulation of the frequency and/or quality factor and/or point of rest of resonator mechanism 1 via a remote electrical or magnetic or electromagnetic force.
Another variant application of the invention, seen in
Another variant application of the invention, seen in
In a variant, the invention is also applicable to a resonator with a single arm, or to a resonator operating in torsion, or in elongation.
Advantageously, the invention makes it possible to use regulator device 2 to start and/or to maintain resonator mechanism 1. Preferably, this regulator device 2 cooperates with a start and/or maintenance mechanism of resonator mechanism 1 to increase the oscillation amplitude of resonator mechanism 1.
The invention advantageously makes co-maintenance possible: standard low-power maintenance, combined with the parametric method for maintaining oscillation. Regulator device 2 is used for the continuous maintenance of resonator mechanism 1, alone or in cooperation with a start and/or impulse maintenance mechanism.
For example, such maintenance can be obtained with a sprung balance system, comprising a balance including on its rim springs carrying oscillating inertia blocks, according to the configuration of
Another example consists in using a detent escapement, which also ensures the counting function, in cooperation with a regulator mechanism 2 acting on the rigidity of balance spring 4 (with pins that move).
The invention also concerns a timepiece movement 10 including at least one such resonator mechanism 1. According to the invention, this movement 10 comprises at least one such regulator device 2, arranged to act on resonator mechanism 1, by imposing a periodic modulation of one or more physical characteristics of resonator mechanism 1: resonant frequency and/or quality factor and/or point of rest, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of a multiple integer of the natural frequency ω0 of resonator mechanism 1, said integer being greater than or equal to 2.
In a variant, this regulator device 2 is arranged to act on resonator mechanism 1 by directly imparting a periodic motion thereto with regulation frequency ωR.
In a variant, this regulator device 2 acts on at least one attachment of resonator mechanism 1 and/or the frequency, particularly on rigidity and/or inertia, of resonator mechanism, and/or on the quality factor of resonator mechanism 1, and/or on the losses or friction of resonator mechanism 1.
In a variant, regulator device 2 acts on resonator mechanism 1 by imparting the periodic motion to a component of resonator mechanism 1 and/or to a loss generation mechanism on at least one component of resonator mechanism 1.
The invention also concerns a timepiece 30 including at least one such timepiece movement 10.
The few parametric oscillator examples illustrated here are non-limiting. Some, like those of
One of the advantages of these systems is that it is possible to operate a sprung balance at a high frequency, despite the inherent decrease in the efficiency of the escapement.
The easiest principle to implement consists in making one part of the balance oscillate. These oscillations (at a frequency multiple n≧2 of the natural frequency of the sprung balance) either modify the inertia or the centre of gravity or aerodynamic losses.
The Figures illustrate simple, non-limiting examples of embodiments of the invention. Some may be very simply implemented, for example by substituting a particular balance for a standard balance.
These examples show that the constituents of regulator 2 may be built into some components of resonator 1. In numerous cases, the invention does not require a secondary excitation circuit, it is the dimensions of the regulator components which enable it to oscillate at a defined frequency ωR in its specific relation to the natural frequency ω0 of resonator 1.
Preferably, and this is true for all the examples, all the vibrating assemblies comprised in the regulator oscillate at the same frequency ωR defined by the invention. It is also acceptable for some of them to oscillate at frequency that is an integer multiple of frequency ωR defined by the invention relative to natural frequency ω0.
The invention also concerns, in an advantageous embodiment, a timepiece resonator mechanism 1 with forced oscillation, arranged to oscillate at a natural frequency ω0, and comprising, on the one hand, at least one oscillating member 100, which preferably includes a balance 26 or a tuning fork 55 or a vibrating strip, or similar, and on the other hand, oscillation maintenance means 200 arranged to exert an impact and/or a force and/or a torque on said oscillating member 100.
According to the invention, this oscillating member 100 carries at least one oscillating regulator device 2 whose natural frequency is a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ω0 of said resonator mechanism 1, this integer being greater than or equal to 2. The specific values of ωR relative to natural frequency ω0 preferably follow the specific rules set out above.
In a first variant, this regulator device 2 includes at least one secondary sprung balance 260 pivoting about a secondary pivot axis, with an eccentric unbalance 261 relative to said secondary pivot axis of said secondary sprung balance 260, which is loosely pivotally mounted on oscillating member 100.
Specifically, oscillating member 100 pivots about a main pivot axis, and this at least one secondary sprung balance 260 has an eccentric secondary axis relative to the main pivot axis.
In a specific embodiment, regulator device 2 includes at least a first secondary sprung balance 260 and a second secondary sprung balance 260 whose unbalances 261, in a rest state with no stress, are aligned with the secondary pivot axes of secondary sprung balances 260. More specifically, oscillating member 100 pivots about a main pivot axis, and at least one said secondary sprung balance 260 has an eccentric secondary axis relative to the main pivot axis.
In an advantageous embodiment allowed by micromaterial technology, at least one such secondary sprung balance 260 pivots about a virtual secondary axis defined by elastic maintenance means comprised in oscillating member 100 for holding secondary sprung balance 260 and its amplitude of motion is limited relative to oscillating member 100
Advantageously, at least one such secondary sprung balance 260 is in one-piece with oscillating member 100.
More specifically, at least one said secondary sprung balance 260 is in one-piece with a balance 26 comprised in oscillating member 100, or which forms said oscillating member 100.
In a second variant, regulator device 2 includes at least one spring-inertia block assembly comprising an inertia block 71 attached by a spring 72 at a point 73 on oscillating member 100.
Specifically, oscillating member 100 pivots about a main pivot axis, and at least one such spring 72 extends radially relative to said main pivot axis.
In a specific embodiment, oscillating member 100 carries several such spring-inertia block assemblies, whose springs 72 extend radially relative to the main pivot axis, and wherein at least one assembly carries its inertia block 71 further from the main pivot axis than its spring 72 and wherein at least another assembly carries its inertia block 71 closer to the main pivot axis than its spring 72.
Specifically, oscillating member 100 pivots about a main pivot axis, and at least one such spring 72 extends in a direction tangential to point 73 relative to the main pivot axis.
Specifically, at least one such spring-inertia block assembly is free to move relative to oscillating member 100, except for its point of attachment 73.
In a specific embodiment, the mobility of the spring-inertia block assembly is limited by guide means comprised in said oscillating member 100, or travels in a path 74 comprised in said oscillating member 100.
In a third variant, regulator device 2 includes at least one flap 80 or a strip 84 that is movable under the effect of aerodynamic variations and attached by a pivot 81 or by an elastic strip or by an arm 85 to oscillating member 100.
In particular, in a specific embodiment, at least one flap 80 or strip 84 can tilt relative to pivot 81 or to the elastic strip or to arm 85 by which it is carried.
In an advantageous embodiment which allows for easy adaptation of the invention to existing movements, making it possible to considerably improve their chronometric performance at minimum cost, oscillating member 100 is a balance 26 subjected to the action of oscillation maintenance means 200, which are return means comprising at least one balance spring 4 and/or at least one torsion wire 46.
In another specific embodiment, oscillating member 100 is a tuning fork 55 of which at least one branch 56 is subjected to the action of oscillation maintenance means 200.
It is clear that these different, non-limiting variants may be combined with each other and/or with yet other variants observing the principles of the invention.
The invention also concerns a timepiece movement 10 comprising at least one resonator mechanism 1 arranged to oscillate around its natural frequency ω0. According to the invention, this movement 10 includes at least one regulator device 2 comprising means arranged to act on said resonator mechanism 1 by imposing a periodic modulation of the resonant frequency and/or quality factor and/or point of rest of resonator mechanism 1, with a regulation frequency ωR which is comprised between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the value of an integer multiple of the natural frequency ω0 of said resonator mechanism 1, this integer being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.
In a first variant, this movement 10 includes at least one such resonator mechanism 1, whose oscillating member 100 carries at least one said regulator device 2.
In a second variant, movement 10 includes at least one said regulator device 2 distinct from a said at least one resonator mechanism 1, and which acts either by contact with at least one component of said resonator mechanism 1, or remote from said resonator mechanism 1 through modulation of an aerodynamic flow or of a magnetic field or of an electrostatic field or of an electromagnetic field.
Advantageously, this resonator mechanism 1 includes at least one deformable component of variable rigidity and/or inertia, and said at least one regulator device 2 includes means arranged to deform the deformable component to vary its rigidity and/or inertia.
In a specific embodiment, this at least one regulator device 2 includes means arranged to deform resonator mechanism 1 and to modulate the position of the centre of gravity of resonator mechanism 1.
In a specific embodiment, this at least one regulator device 2 includes loss generation means in at least one component of said resonator mechanism 1.
In an embodiment that is advantageous since it is very easy to implement, regulator device 2 includes means for modulating an aerodynamic flow in proximity to oscillating member 100, these modulation means comprising at least one pad 83 suspended from a structure 50 by elastic return means 83.
The invention also concerns a timepiece 30 particularly a watch, including at least one such timepiece movement 10.
Naturally, it is perfectly possible to apply the invention to another timepiece such as a clock. It is applicable to any type of oscillator comprising a mechanical oscillating member 100, and particularly to a pendulum.
Excitation at frequency ωR as defined above, and more particularly at double the frequency ω0, may be achieved with a square or pulsed signal; it is not essential to have sinusoidal excitation.
The maintenance regulator does not need to be very accurate: any lack of accuracy results only in a loss of amplitude, but with no frequency variation unless of course the frequency is very variable, which is to be avoided. In fact, these two oscillators, the regulator that maintains and the maintained resonator, are not coupled, but one maintains the other, ideally (but not necessarily) in a single direction.
In a preferred embodiment, there is no coupling spring between maintenance regulator 2 and maintained resonator 1.
The invention also differs from known coupled oscillators in that the frequency of the regulator is double or a multiple of the natural frequency of the resonator (or at least very close to a multiple), and in the mode of energy transfer.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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14155427.9 | Feb 2014 | EP | regional |