Patent Grant
7137777
This application claims priority to German application No. 103 30 471.1 filed on Jul. 5, 2003, the entire content of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.
The invention relates to a device for separating foreign particles out of the cooling air that can be fed to the rotor blades of a turbine, in particular for a gas turbine arrangement. The cooling air can be fed directly or indirectly via stationary nozzle units to an annular space that is formed between wall parts of a turbine stator and a rotating wheel disk, as a cooling-air stream is directed in the circumferential direction. The annular space is in communication with ducts, arranged in the wheel disk, for feeding the cooling air into the rotor blades. A diverter unit is provided inside the annular space or so as to delimit the annular space on one side. By means of the diverter device, the cooling air that emerges from the nozzle units, before entering the ducts, can be diverted on one side in such a way that foreign particles are centrifugally thrown into a radially outer part of the annular space and are separated out of the annular space together with a barrier-air fraction of the cooling air supplied.
A device for separating foreign particles out of a cooling-air stream which for cooling purposes is fed to a turbine rotor blade, preferably of a gas turbine installation, of the generic type is known from EP 0 690 202 B1. In the known case, cooling air is fed via stationary swirl nozzles to an annular space, which is delimited between wall parts of the turbine stator and a rotor disk, to form a turbulent flow that propagates in the circumferential direction within the annular space. The swirl nozzles each have a tangential orientation in the circumferential direction of their arrangement within the turbine stator, with the individual nozzle axes in the respective tangential plane being set obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor arrangement, in order to form a swirling flow within the annular space.
A metal diverter plate, which is L-shaped in cross-section, is provided inside the annular space, immediately downstream of the swirl nozzles, as seen in the direction of flow; the cooling air, on emerging from the swirl nozzles, impinges perpendicularly on the longer longitudinal limb of this diverter plate, which is preferably oriented radially with respect to the rotor arrangement, and is diverted radially outward. For design reasons, the diverter plate provides, on the radially inner side with respect to the outlet opening of the swirl nozzles, a flow dead space in which foreign particles inevitably accumulate, preferably through accumulation of relatively heavy and/or large foreign particles. Deposits of this nature on the surface of the radially inner, shorter L limb lead to a risk of contamination to the cooling-air stream that forms in the annular space which should not be underestimated yet to which it is quite obvious that no further attention is paid in the above-mentioned document.
Moreover, the same document reveals a further exemplary embodiment, in which an L-shaped part, which is formed with an acute angle in cross-section, is used as the metal diverter plate, with the cooling-air stream that emerges from the swirl nozzles impinging at an angle on the longer L-limb of the diverter plate; this angle causes the cooling-air stream to be at least partially deflected radially inward. In this case, it can be assumed that the deposition of foreign particles described above will occur to an even greater extent than in the first case described.
A further device for removing dust particles from the cooling air of a gas turbine is disclosed by EP 1 174 589 A1. In the case outlined above, as it were, wall parts of the guide vane and rotor blade, positioned axially opposite one another, of a rotor arrangement delimit a type of annular space into which a cooling-air stream is introduced as swirling stream. The foreign particle separation is performed in such a manner that the cooling air that emerges from a first nozzle arrangement impinges on a type of diverter unit, by means of which the cooling-air stream is divided into a partial air stream that is directed radially outward and a partial air stream that is directed radially inward. By providing certain flow links, the radially outwardly directed partial air stream, which has increased levels of foreign particles, is passed radially outward into the hot-gas stream of the gas turbine. The accumulation of foreign particles in the radially outwardly directed partial air stream originates from the centrifugal force that acts on the foreign particles and forms as a result of the swirling flow propagating in the circumferential direction after it has passed through the swirl nozzle openings. Although it is possible to separate out relatively high-mass foreign particles using the separation method described in this document, it is impossible to rule out lightweight and smaller dust or foreign particles being entrained by the radially inwardly directed cooling-air stream for further cooling of the turbine rotor blade.
The invention relates to designing a device for separating foreign particles out of the cooling air that can be fed to the rotor blades of a turbine in such a manner that, with the most simple and inexpensive technical measures possible, it is possible to remove, preferably completely but at least substantially, foreign particles from the cooling air flowing into the turbine rotor blades.
According to the invention, a device is provided for separating foreign particles out of the cooling air that can be fed to the rotor blades of a turbine, in particular for a gas turbine arrangement. Cooling air can be fed directly or indirectly via stationary nozzle units to an annular space that is formed between wall parts of a turbine stator and a rotating wheel disk. A cooling-air stream is directed in the circumferential direction, and the annular space is in communication with ducts, arranged in the wheel disk, for feeding the cooling air into the rotor blades. A diverter unit is provided inside the annular space or so as to delimit the annular space on one side, by means of which diverter device the cooling air that emerges from the nozzle units, before entering the ducts, can be diverted on one side in such a way that foreign particles are centrifugally thrown into a radially outer part of the annular space and are separated out of the annular space together with a barrier-air fraction of the cooling air supplied. The diverter unit has a surface region on which the cooling-air stream passing through the nozzle unit impinges, by means of which the cooling-air stream can be diverted radially outward through an angle α of greater than 90°.
This device according to the invention ensures that, together with the entirety of the cooling air, any foreign particles that are contained in the cooling-air stream are diverted radially outward, so that it is impossible for any deposits to form in a radially inner region.
To realize the inventive concept of optimized separation of foreign particles out of the cooling-air stream, a first solution variant provides a diverter unit that is connected to the turbine stator unit and in which the cooling-air stream emerging from the nozzle units, which are designed as swirl nozzles, has a direction of flow that intersects the radial direction of the rotor arrangement at right angles, even though the duct longitudinal axes of the individual nozzle units are inclined with respect to the rotor axis in order to impart a swirling flow that rotates in the circumferential direction within the annular space. In contrast to the diverter unit illustrated in EP 0 690 202 B1 cited in the introduction, the diverter unit that is designed in accordance with the invention has a surface region that faces the cooling-air stream emerging from the nozzle units and the inclination of which relative to the radial direction of the rotor arrangement is selected in such a manner that the entire cooling-air stream is diverted in the radially outward direction.
One preferred embodiment of the converter unit provides a concavely formed surface contour facing the nozzle units, the curvature of which surface, at least in the region of the surface region on which the cooling-air stream impinges directly, can be described by tangential planes that include an angle α of >90° with the axially oriented flow component of the cooling-air stream emerging from the nozzle units. For further radially outwardly directed cooling-air stream guidance, the diverter unit has a contour that ends freely in the annular space and serves as a flow detachment contour for the cooling-air stream that has been diverted radially outward, so that the cooling air that is mixed with foreign particles passes directly, without further flow obstacles, to the radially outer labyrinth seal, through which the cooling air mixed with foreign particles enters the hot-gas stream or working stream of the gas turbine installation.
Cooling air from which foreign particles have been virtually entirely removed is separated in a manner known per se by providing a through-opening between the contour of the diverter unit that ends freely as a detachment contour and a web of the wheel disk, as also is revealed in detail from the exemplary embodiments described below.
The diverter unit which is designed in accordance with the invention is therefore distinguished by the specific formation of the surface region facing the nozzle units, which in the simplest case is distinguished by a surface section that is inclined in a straight line, as described above. However, continuously curved concave surface curvatures have proven suitable for optimized flow guidance, making it possible to reduce flow losses caused by locally occurring build-up effects within the flow guidance.
A further exemplary embodiment provides for the duct longitudinal axis of the nozzle unit to be radially inclined, so that the cooling-air stream that is already emerging from the nozzle units has a radially outwardly oriented flow component. In this case too, the surface region of the diverter unit on which the cooling-air stream impinges is to be oriented parallel or at an inclination to the radial direction, in such a manner that the duct longitudinal axis includes a radially outwardly open angle α>90° with the surface region.
The two solution variants outlined above provide a diverter unit that is fixedly connected to the turbine stator unit; however, it also is appropriate for the diverter unit to be fixedly connected to the rotating wheel disk, so that the diverter unit rotates relative to the nozzle units arranged in a stationary position in the turbine stator. If the diverter unit is to be arranged on the rotating wheel disk, it is advantageous to use the radially outer web of the wheel disk, which together with a corresponding mating contour of the turbine stator forms the radially outer labyrinth seal. The diverter unit itself is in this case designed as an annular element and provides, in its radially outer region, a multiplicity of through-openings distributed uniformly over the circumferential direction, serving to branch off cooling air from which foreign particles have been removed, in order for it to be passed on into the cooling ducts of the wheel disk and the turbine rotor blade connected thereto.
Like the diverter unit that is connected to the turbine stator in a stationary position, the diverter unit connected to the rotating wheel disk also provides a surface region that is directly exposed to the cooling-air stream from the nozzle units and through which the cooling-air stream that emerges from the nozzle units can be diverted radially outward through an angle α>90°.
Depending on the arrangement of duct longitudinal axes of the individual nozzle units, which, as in the case outlined above, may be arranged perpendicular or inclined with respect to the radial direction, it also is possible to generate a swirling flow that propagates in the circumferential direction within the annular space, even though the individual duct longitudinal axes of the nozzle units run coparallel to the rotor axis or the projection thereof runs coparallel to the rotor axis. This is made possible by radially oriented fins that are arranged on the diverter unit and are arranged facing the nozzle units, preferably equidistantly with respect to one another along the diverter unit. The rotation of the diverter unit and the fins connected to it causes at least some of the cooling air flowing into the annular space through the nozzle units to be entrained in the direction of rotation by the fin flanks projecting into the annular space, thereby inducing a cooling-air stream oriented in the circumferential direction within the annular space.
Further details in this respect are to be found in the corresponding exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings.
A second proposed solution for improving the separation of foreign particles out of the cooling air that can be fed to the rotor blades of a turbine provides a concrete improvement to the device described in EP 1 174 589 A1 for removing foreign particles or dust particles from the cooling air of a gas turbine. Unlike in the case outlined above, the diverter unit, together with wall parts of the turbine stator unit, encloses a type of annular chamber in the sense of a separating chamber, in which the dust or foreign particles are separated out of the cooling air that is fed to the turbine rotor blade for cooling purposes. In this case, the cooling air originating from a compressor unit flows via a nozzle unit into the annular chamber; according to the invention, the nozzle units each provide a nozzle duct having a duct longitudinal axis that determines the direction of flow of the cooling-air stream and is inclined radially in such a manner that the cooling-air stream passing through the nozzle duct is directed radially outward. The annular chamber is connected, via at least two through-openings, to the annular space, which is delimited by wall parts of the turbine stator and the rotating wheel disk. One of the at least two through-openings is located on the radially outer side, between the diverter unit and the turbine stator unit, and the other is arranged on the radially inner side, with the duct longitudinal axis of the nozzle unit being arranged aligned with the radially outer through-opening. The cooling air mixed with foreign particles therefore flows through the annular chamber through the radially outer through-opening, virtually without obstacle, and then passes over corresponding flow contours provided at the rotating wheel disk and the turbine stator unit without obstacle into the working duct of the gas turbine. Therefore, on account of the radially outwardly directed cooling-air stream, there is fundamentally no need for centrifugal forces acting on the individual foreign particles, as is the case in the prior art cited above, to produce a desired separation effect. Although in the case according to the invention the cooling air flowing into the annular chamber in the circumferential direction also causes centrifugal forces to act on the foreign particles, thereby advantageously boosting the separation effect, the separation effect is not based exclusively on the centrifugal effect, thereby ensuring that even foreign particles of relatively low mass can be extracted from the cooling air that is actually to be fed to the rotating wheel disk.
Further details that provide a more detailed description of the embodiment of the invention in accordance with two alternative solutions are given below in the respective exemplary embodiments.
The invention is described below by way of example, and without restricting the general concept of the invention, on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawings, in which:
a, b diagrammatically depict a foreign-body separation device designed in accordance with the invention (cf. FIG. b) compared to the prior art (cf. FIG. a); and
To separate the foreign particles out of the cooling air fed by the compression unit, the cooling air passes out of the volume 5, via nozzle units 7 designed as swirl nozzles, into an annular space 8 which is delimited by wall parts of the turbine stator 1 and the rotating wheel disk 3 and which, moreover, is delimited on the radially outer side by projecting webs of the guide vane 2 and rotor blade 4 in the style of a labyrinth seal 13 and on the radially inner side by corresponding webs of the turbine stator 1 and of the wheel disk 3, likewise in the form of a labyrinth seal.
In the middle of the annular space 8 there is a diverter unit 9, which is fixedly connected to the turbine stator 1. The diverter unit 9 is designed as an annular component and substantially has a cross-section in the form of an angle profile, which provides a lower connecting web 10 that h projects into a securing groove with corresponding mating contours within the turbine stator 1.
The diverter unit 9 provides a surface region 11 on which the cooling-air stream passing through the nozzle unit 7 impinges, with the surface region 11 being inclined with respect to the direction of flow of the cooling-air stream in such a manner that the cooling-air stream is diverted outward through an angle α>90°. In this way, the cooling-air stream passing through the nozzle units 7, together with all the foreign particles that it contains, experiences a radially outwardly directed deflection. In this way, any deposits of foreign particles between the nozzle unit 7 and the surface of the radially inner connecting web 10 of the diverter unit 9 are avoided.
In the exemplary embodiment shown, the nozzle units 7 have duct longitudinal axes 7′ which, although oriented perpendicular to the radial direction, according to the detailed illustration (cf. double arrow illustration), have a tangential component for inducing a swirling flow that propagates in the circumferential direction inside the annular space 8.
In the exemplary embodiment shown, the surface contour of the diverter unit 9 facing the nozzle units 7 is designed as a concavely curved surface which, in the direction in which medium flows over it, has a freely ending contour 12 that is designed as a flow detachment edge for the radially outwardly directed flow stream. The flow stream that is mixed with foreign particles, also referred to as the barrier-air fraction, therefore passes via the radially outer labyrinth seal 13 into the working duct of the turbine arrangement. A through-opening 14 through which a cooling-air fraction from which foreign particles have been removed is branched off, is provided between the freely ending contour 12 of the diverter unit 9 and the radially outer web 15 of the wheel disk 3 or the rotor blade 4. To ensure that no foreign particles pass through the through-opening 14 out of the main direction of flow along the barrier-air fraction, the freely ending contour 12 projects beyond the web 15 along the direction of flow of the barrier-air fraction, so that it is impossible for any swirling which would divert the foreign particles out of the barrier-air fraction to form at this location.
The exemplary embodiment illustrated in
The exemplary embodiment illustrated in
Next to the web 15, the diverter unit 9, the radially outer region of which is fixedly connected to the web 15 of the wheel disk 3, has through-openings 14, through which cooling air is branched off for further cooling from the barrier-air fraction, that passes via the labyrinth seal 13 into the working duct of the turbine arrangement. To effectively prevent foreign particles from entering through the through-opening 14, there is a web 16, that diverts the flow away from the through-opening 14, provided at the diverter unit 9 in front of the through-opening 14, as seen in the direction of flow, which web, in accordance with the detailed illustration presented in
A clear intermediate gap 14′, through which cooling air for further cooling of the rotor blade 4 also passes, is provided on the radially inner side between the turbine stator 1 and the diverter unit 9 by virtue of the diverter unit 9 being arranged with rotary motion with respect to the turbine stator 1.
Alternatively, it is possible to dispense with the tangential tilting of the duct longitudinal axes 7′ of the nozzle units 7 altogether, in which case the cooling-air stream that propagates in the circumferential direction, inside the annular space, is exclusively driven by the entraining effect of the fin-like elements 17. For a better illustration of the arrangement and effect of the fin-like elements 17, reference is made to
a serves to describe a prior art which is known per se and provides a turbine stator 1 that is arranged axially with respect to a rotor arrangement (not shown in more detail) of a rotating wheel disk 3 with corresponding rotor blade 4. As in the case that has already been outlined above, a compression unit (not shown in more detail) is responsible for feeding cooling air into a volume 5, from which cooling air emerges into an annular chamber 18 via a nozzle unit 7. The nozzle unit 7 is designed in a corresponding way to the nozzle unit that already has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in
By contrast, on the radially inner side with respect to the annular chamber 18 there is a further through-opening 20, through which cooling air without any foreign particles, i.e. clean cooling air, passes and enters an axially opposite cooling duct 6 within the rotating wheel disk 3.
To effectively improve the separation effect of the deposition device of the prior art which is known per se, as illustrated in
The annular chamber 18 is delimited on one side by the turbine stator 1 and on the other side by the diverter unit 9, which encloses a substantially radially oriented flow duct within the annular chamber 18. Starting from the nozzle duct 71, it is not possible for the foreign particles, on account of the centrifugal force caused by the circumferentially swirling flow, to be deflected radially inward along the annular chamber 18 and to pass through the radially inner through-opening 20.
The outlet contour of the through-opening 20 also, in a comparable way to the through-opening 19, provides a flow duct 21, the flow-duct longitudinal axis of which is inclined radially outward through an angle γ, where preferably 0°<γ≦35°. This ensures that the clean cooling air opens out in the direction of the cooling duct 6 that is present in the rotating wheel disk 3.
Finally,
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 103 30 471 | Jul 2003 | DE | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3356340 | Bobo | Dec 1967 | A |
| 6196791 | Tomita et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6413044 | Roeloffs et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0 690 202 | Jan 1996 | EP |
| 1 174 589 | Jan 2002 | EP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050002778 A1 | Jan 2005 | US |
