Patent Grant
11354033
This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that detect inputs for manipulating user interfaces.
The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display.
Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size of one or more user interface objects or activating buttons or opening files/applications represented by user interface objects, as well as associating metadata with one or more user interface objects or otherwise manipulating user interfaces. Exemplary user interface objects include digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such as buttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture or iPhoto from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a website creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.).
But existing methods for performing these manipulations are cumbersome and inefficient. In addition, existing methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices.
Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.
There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for performing user interface operations on an electronic device with a track pad or touch screen. Examples of such operations including scrolling through a list of items or deleting an item in the list. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for performing user interface operations. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a user interface on the display and detecting a gesture by a user on the touch-sensitive surface that includes a contact that corresponds to a focus selector at a respective location in the user interface, where the gesture is associated with a respective operation. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture, in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, requesting confirmation that the user wants the device to perform the respective operation. The method further includes, in accordance with a determination that the maximum intensity of the contact is above the first intensity threshold, performing the respective operation without requesting confirmation that the user wants the device to perform the respective operation.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface on the display unit; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to detect a gesture by a user on the touch-sensitive surface unit that includes a contact that corresponds to a focus selector at a respective location in the user interface, wherein the gesture is associated with a respective operation; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, request confirmation that the user wants the device to perform the respective operation; and in accordance with a determination that the maximum intensity of the contact is above the first intensity threshold, perform the respective operation without requesting confirmation that the user wants the device to perform the respective operation.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for performing user interface operations, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for performing user interface operations.
There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying additional (e.g., initially undisplayed) information when a user contact is detected while a focus selector that corresponds to the contact is at a location on a display that is associated with the additional information. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying such additional information. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector corresponding to the contact is at a respective location on the display that is associated with additional information that is not initially displayed on the display. The method further includes, while the focus selector is at the respective location: in accordance with a determination that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold before a predefined delay time has elapsed with the focus selector at the respective location, displaying the additional information associated with the respective location without waiting until the predefined delay time has elapsed; and in accordance with a determination that the contact has an intensity below the respective intensity threshold, waiting until the predefined delay time has elapsed while the focus selector is at the respective location to display the additional information associated with the respective location.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display additional information associated with a respective location; a touch sensitive surface unit configured to receive a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while a focus selector corresponding to the contact is at a respective location on the display unit that is associated with additional information that is not initially displayed on the display unit; and while the focus selector is at the respective location: in accordance with a determination that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold before a predefined delay time has elapsed with the focus selector at the respective location, enable display of the additional information associated with the respective location without waiting until the predefined delay time has elapsed; and in accordance with a determination that the contact has an intensity below the respective intensity threshold, wait until the predefined delay time has elapsed while the focus selector is at the respective location to enable display of the additional information associated with the respective location.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying additional (e.g., initially undisplayed) information when a contact is detected, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying additional (e.g., initially undisplayed) information when a contact is detected.
There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for removing an icon from a predefined area. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for removing an icon from a predefined area. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of icons in a predefined area on the display, where the plurality of icons include a respective icon; detecting a gesture that includes: a contact on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector is over the respective icon and subsequent movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector outside of the predefined area; and in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, displaying an indication that the gesture is being performed during the gesture and retaining the respective icon in the predefined area after the gesture has ended; and in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, moving the respective icon in accordance with the movement of the contact during the gesture and removing the respective icon from the predefined area after the gesture has ended.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a plurality of icons in a predefined area on the display unit, wherein the plurality of icons include a respective icon; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive gestures; one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: detect a gesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while a focus selector is over the respective icon and subsequent movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to movement of the focus selector outside of the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, enable display of an indication that the gesture is being performed during the gesture and retain the respective icon in the predefined area after the gesture has ended; and in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, move the respective icon in accordance with the movement of the contact during the gesture and remove the respective icon from the predefined area after the gesture has ended.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for removing an icon from a predefined area, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for removing an icon from a predefined area.
There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying content layers. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying content layers. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, first content, where portions of the first content are correlated with corresponding portions of second content that are not displayed on the display; while a focus selector is over a first portion of the first content, detecting an increase in intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface above a respective intensity threshold; and in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface above the respective intensity threshold: ceasing to display the first portion of the first content, and displaying a first portion of the second content that corresponds to the first portion of the first content.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display, on the display unit, first content, where portions of the first content are correlated with corresponding portions of second content that are not displayed on the display unit; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive contacts; one or more sensors configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the sensors. The processing unit is configured to: while a focus selector is over a first portion of the first content, detect an increase in intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit above a respective intensity threshold; and in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit above the respective intensity threshold: cease to display the first portion of the first content, and enable display of a first portion of the second content that corresponds to the first portion of the first content.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying content layers, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying content layers.
There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for navigating between user interfaces (for example between an inbox view and a conversation view in an email client application) by using user inputs, such as inputs on a track pad or touch screen, or inputs from a touch-sensitive surface. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for navigating between user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a first user interface on the display. The method further includes, while a focus selector is over a first representation of an object in the first user interface, detecting a first gesture on the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first contact with a maximum intensity during the first gesture above a respective intensity threshold. The method further includes, in response to detecting the first gesture, replacing the first user interface with a second user interface that includes a second representation of the object. The method further includes, while the focus selector is over the second representation of the object in the second user interface, detecting a second gesture on the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second contact with a maximum intensity during the second gesture above the respective intensity threshold. The method further includes, in response to detecting the second gesture, replacing the second user interface with the first user interface.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a first user interface that includes a first representation of an object and a second user interface that includes a second representation of the object; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to detect, while a focus selector is over the first representation of the object in the first user interface, a first gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit that includes a first contact with a maximum intensity during the first gesture above a respective intensity threshold, and to detect, while the focus selector is over the second representation of the object in the second user interface, a second gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit that includes a second contact with a maximum intensity during the second gesture above the respective intensity threshold; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: in response to detecting the first gesture, replace the first user interface with the second user interface; and in response to detecting the second gesture, replace the second user interface with the first user interface.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for navigating between displayed user interfaces, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for navigating between displayed user interfaces.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods referred to the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments.
For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
The methods, devices and GUIs described herein provide visual and/or haptic feedback that makes manipulation of user interface objects more efficient and intuitive for a user. For example, in a system where the clicking action of a trackpad is decoupled from the contact intensity (e.g., contact force, contact pressure, or a substitute therefore) that is needed to reach an activation threshold, the device can generate different tactile outputs (e.g., “different clicks”) for different activation events (e.g., so that clicks that accomplish a particular result are differentiated from clicks that do not produce any result or that accomplish a different result from the particular result). Additionally, tactile outputs can be generated in response to other events that are not related to increasing intensity of a contact, such as generating a tactile output (e.g., a “detent”) when a user interface object is moved to a particular position, boundary or orientation, or when an event occurs at the device.
Additionally, in a system where a trackpad or touch-screen display is sensitive to a range of contact intensity that includes more than one or two specific intensity values (e.g., more than a simple on/off, binary intensity determination), the user interface can provide responses (e.g., visual or tactile cues) that are indicative of the intensity of the contact within the range. In some implementations, a pre-activation-threshold response and/or a post-activation-threshold response to an input are displayed as continuous animations. As one example of such a response, a preview of an operation is displayed in response to detecting an increase in contact intensity that is still below an activation threshold for performing the operation. As another example of such a response, an animation associated with an operation continues even after the activation threshold for the operation has been reached. Both of these examples provide a user with a continuous response to the force or pressure of a user's contact, which provides a user with visual and/or haptic feedback that is richer and more intuitive. More specifically, such continuous force responses give the user the experience of being able to press lightly to preview an operation and/or press deeply to push “past” or “through” a predefined user interface state corresponding to the operation.
Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, multiple contact intensity thresholds can be monitored by the device and different functions can be mapped to different contact intensity thresholds. This serves to increase the available “gesture space” providing easy access to advanced features for users who know that increasing the intensity of a contact at or beyond a second “deep press” intensity threshold will cause the device to perform a different operation from an operation that would be performed if the intensity of the contact is between a first “activation” intensity threshold and the second “deep press” intensity threshold. An advantage of assigning additional functionality to a second “deep press” intensity threshold while maintaining familiar functionality at a first “activation” intensity threshold is that inexperienced users who are, in some circumstances, confused by the additional functionality can use the familiar functionality by just applying an intensity up to the first “activation” intensity threshold, whereas more experienced users can take advantage of the additional functionality by applying an intensity at the second “deep press” intensity threshold.
Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, the device can provide additional functionality by allowing users to perform complex operations with a single continuous contact. For example, when selecting a group of objects, a user can move a continuous contact around the touch-sensitive surface and can press while dragging (e.g., applying an intensity greater than a “deep press” intensity threshold) to add additional elements to a selection. In this way, a user can intuitively interact with a user interface where pressing harder with a contact causes objects in the user interface to be “stickier.”
A number of different approaches to providing an intuitive user interface on a device where a clicking action is decoupled from the force that is needed to reach an activation threshold and/or the device is sensitive to a wide range of contact intensities are described below. Using one or more of these approaches (optionally in conjunction with each other) helps to provide a user interface that intuitively provides users with additional information and functionality, thereby reducing the user's cognitive burden and improving the human-machine interface. Such improvements in the human-machine interface enable users to use the device faster and more efficiently. For battery-operated devices, these improvements conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. For ease of explanation, systems, methods and user interfaces for including illustrative examples of some of these approaches are described below, as follows:
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact.
The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.
Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad).
In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.
The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.
Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.
As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure).
As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.
It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in
Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by other components of device 100, such as CPU 120 and the peripherals interface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.
Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions for device 100 and to process data.
In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.
RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212,
I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, such as touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161 and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices 116. The other input control devices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208,
Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user-interface objects.
Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen 112 and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user.
Touch screen 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.
Touch screen 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.
In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the various components. Power system 162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 167.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168.
In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments memory 102 stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in
Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.
Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch screen 112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact) determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on a touchpad.
In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter).
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns and intensities. Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event.
Graphics module 132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.
In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller 156.
Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with device 100.
Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).
GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contacts module 137 are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so forth.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module 138 are, optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138, videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module 143.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music player module 146, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory 102.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150 are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen 112 or on an external, connected display via external port 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular online video.
Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.
The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.
Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display 112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to deliver event information.
In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.
Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 173.
Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
Hit view determination module 172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.
Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module 182.
In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.
In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views 191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.
A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).
Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 190.
In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.
In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.
In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in video player module 145. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.
In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.
It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen 112.
In one embodiment, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button 204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging external port 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.
Each of the above identified elements in
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that is, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device 100.
It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in
Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in
Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in
The user interface figures described below include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT0, a light press intensity threshold ITL, a deep press intensity threshold ITD, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with an intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures.
An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold ITL to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold ITL and the deep press intensity threshold ITD is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold ITD to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold ITD is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 and the light press intensity threshold ITL is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 to an intensity below the contact intensity threshold IT0 is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT0 is zero. In some embodiments IT0 is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact.
In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input).
In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90% or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).
For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.
Many electronic devices have user interfaces for performing operations, such as viewing user interface objects (photos, email message, etc.) and deleting user interface objects. Some user interface operations, such as deleting a user interface object from a device or a separate server, are destructive, meaning that the operation is difficult or impossible to reverse. For example, a user who has unwittingly deleted an email message will, in some cases, have a limited amount of time to recover the email message from a trash folder before it is permanently deleted. To prevent such unwitting operations from occurring, some existing methods cause the electronic device to request confirmation from a user who has entered an input (e.g., into the electronic device) requesting such a destructive operation. One shortcoming of these existing methods is that they are time consuming and require the user to enter additional inputs to confirm that the operation should be performed.
In the embodiments described below, an improved method for performing user interface operations is provided. A gesture is detected that is associated with a respective operation by a user on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., swipe over an email message to delete the email message). In response to detecting the gesture, the device performs the operation without requesting confirmation from the user if the gesture had a maximum intensity on the touch-sensitive surface above a first intensity threshold (e.g., a deep press swipe is interpreted by the device as an indication that the request to perform an operation is truly intentional). On the other hand, if the maximum intensity of the gesture is below the first intensity threshold, the device requests confirmation that the user wants to perform the operation, and thus still protects against performance of unwitting destructive operations. Some operations, such as scrolling, are performed without requesting confirmation from the user regardless of the intensity of a gesture associated with the request to perform the operation.
In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display 450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface 451). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device 100, the display is touch-sensitive display system 112, and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators 167 on the display (
In the example shown in
In some embodiments, it is helpful to display a dramatic animation (e.g., an animation of glass shattering or a representation of the email message being “crumpled up”) that catches the user's attention to inform the user that the destructive operation has been performed. In some embodiments, after displaying the animation that corresponds to the destructive operation, the user is provided with an option to undo the destructive operation (e.g., display an “undo” affordance or instructions to shake to undo).
In some embodiments, certain inputs associated with certain operations can be performed without requesting confirmation from the user regardless of the intensity of contacts corresponding to the inputs. For example,
As described below, the method 1900 provides an intuitive way to perform user interface operations. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when performing user interface operations, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to perform user interface operations faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (1902) a user interface on a display of a device (e.g., the user interface displayed on touch screen 112 of device 300,
In some embodiments, the gesture is (1906) a swipe gesture of a contact that corresponds to movement of the focus selector across a representation of an item in a list of items (e.g., a message or conversation in an email inbox). In some embodiments, the user interface includes (1908) a plurality of user interface objects, and the respective location corresponds to a respective object in the plurality of user interface objects. In some embodiments, the respective operation is (1910) a destructive operation (e.g., a delete operation).
In response to detecting the gesture, in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, the device requests (1912) confirmation that the user wants the device to perform the respective operation (e.g., to confirm that the user did not accidentally perform the gesture). For example,
In some embodiments, requesting confirmation that the user wants the device to perform the respective operation includes (1914) displaying a confirmation message that includes an option to proceed with performing the respective operation. In some embodiments, the confirmation message includes an explicit option to cancel performance of the respective operation. In some embodiments, the confirmation message does not include an explicit option to cancel performance of the respective operation, but tapping/pressing while a focus selector is outside of the confirmation message cancels performance of the respective operation. In some embodiments, the confirmation identifies (1916) the respective operation that is to be performed (e.g., a dialogue box that says “do you want to delete this message? Yes/No” or an affordance that simply says “Delete?” as in
In some embodiments, it is helpful to display a dramatic animation that catches the user's attention to inform the user that the destructive operation has been performed. In some embodiments, the respective operation is (1918) a delete operation, and performing the operation includes displaying an animation that crumples the respective user interface object (e.g., crumpling the object like a piece of paper). In some embodiments, the operation is (1920) a delete operation, and performing the operation includes displaying an animation that shatters the respective user interface object (e.g., shattering the object like a piece of glass). For example,
In some embodiments, the device detects (1922) one or more inputs that include contacts with maximum intensity below the first intensity threshold. In response to detecting the one or more inputs, the device performs (1924) one or more corresponding operations (e.g., non-destructive operations such as scrolling operations or email viewing operations) without requesting confirmation from the user. For example, a user can view or scroll a list of email messages using one or more contacts with intensities below the first intensity threshold, as shown in
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
In some embodiments, the user interface includes a plurality of user interface objects; and the respective location corresponds to a respective object in the plurality of user interface objects.
The processing unit 2008 is configured to: in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, request confirmation (e.g., with confirmation requesting unit 2010) that the user wants the device to perform the respective operation; and in accordance with a determination that the maximum intensity of the contact is above the first intensity threshold, perform the respective operation (e.g., with operation performing unit 2012) without requesting confirmation that the user wants the device to perform the respective operation.
In some embodiments, the gesture is a swipe gesture of a contact that corresponds to movement of the focus selector across a representation of an item in a list of items.
In some embodiments, requesting confirmation (e.g., with confirmation requesting unit 2010) that the user wants to perform the respective operation includes displaying a confirmation message that includes an option to proceed with performing the respective operation.
In some embodiments, the confirmation identifies the respective operation that is to be performed.
In some embodiments, the respective operation is a destructive operation.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 2008 is further configured to: detect one or more inputs that include contacts with maximum intensity below the first intensity threshold; and in response to detecting the one or more inputs, perform one or more corresponding operations without requesting confirmation from the user.
In some embodiments, the respective operation is a delete operation; and performing the operation includes displaying an animation (e.g., with animating unit 2014) that crumples the respective user interface object.
In some embodiments, the operation is a delete operation; and performing the operation includes displaying an animation (e.g., with animating unit 2014) that shatters the respective user interface object.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that include user interface objects displayed at specific locations on the display. In some instances, one or more user interface objects are associated with hidden information that is revealed when a user places a cursor or contact over the user interface object for a predefined period of time (e.g., tooltips) or clicks and holds on a user interface object for a predefined period of time (e.g., a back button on a browser). These instances require the user to wait for the predefined period of time to elapse to see the initially hidden information. It would be advantageous to provide the user with the option to avoid waiting and get immediate display of the additional information. In some instances, a single activation region or user interface object is associated with a plurality of operations of the device (e.g., a back button on a browser is associated with both navigating to a previous webpage and displaying a pop-up list of previously visited webpages). In these instances, a time delay is sometimes introduced as a way to determine which operation of the plurality of operations to perform in response to a user input associated with the activation region or user interface object. But such delays interrupt a user's workflow. Providing an intuitive way to immediately perform a particular operation can make a user's interaction with the device much more efficient.
The embodiments described below provide new, improved methods of displaying additional information (or activating user interface objects) using a touch-sensitive surface and sensors that detect the intensity (e.g., pressure) of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. To avoid waiting a predefined delay time in order to view additional information associated with a user interface object or a region of a user interface, the user has the option to apply an intensity (e.g., pressure) of contact greater that a predefined intensity threshold to immediately see the additional information. For example, the user can immediately display a tool tip or pop-up menu by pressing on the touch-sensitive surface with an intensity above the intensity threshold, without having to wait for a delay time. Similarly, for a back button on a browser, the user can immediately display a list of previously accessed webpages by pressing on the touch-sensitive surface with an intensity above the intensity threshold. On the other hand, if the user does not press with sufficiently intensity, the additional information is not displayed until the delay time has elapsed. Accordingly, the described embodiments provide the user with a more efficient way to interact with user interface objects.
In
In
In other words, in some embodiments, the device determines if the intensity of the contact is above an intensity threshold while the focus selector is at a respective location on the display. If the intensity of the contact is above the intensity threshold, the device does not wait for the predefined delay time to display the additional information on the display, but rather displays the additional information immediately. On the other hand, if the intensity of the contact is below the intensity threshold, the device waits until the predefined delay time to display the additional information on the display, and therefore displays the additional information at a later time (e.g., as determined from the predefined delay time). As a result, the user can display the additional (e.g., initially undisplayed) information associated with a location on the display corresponding to a contact, sooner—without having to wait for a predefined delay time—if the user increases the intensity of the contact above the intensity threshold.
In some embodiments, while the focus selector is displayed at a respective location, the device determines if a predefined delay time has elapsed from the time the contact was detected. If the predefined delay time has elapsed since the detection of the contact, the device displays additional information on the display 450. On the other hand, if the predefined delay time has not elapsed, the device determines (e.g., checks repeatedly, iteratively, or a plurality of times) if the intensity of the contact is above the predefined threshold. If the device determines the intensity of the contact to be above the predefined threshold, the device displays the additional information without waiting until the predefined delay time has elapsed.
In
In
As described below, the method 3700 provides an intuitive way to display additional (e.g., initially undisplayed) information associated with a location on a display based on contact intensity (e.g., pressure) and contact timing (e.g., duration). The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when displaying the additional (e.g., initially undisplayed) information, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface by enabling a user to skip a delay time and immediately access the additional information. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to display additional (e.g., initially undisplayed) information faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device detects (3702) a contact on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector corresponding to the contact is at a respective location on the display that is associated with additional information that is not initially displayed on the display (e.g., the additional information is not displayed immediately prior to detecting movement of the focus selector across the display to the respective location or detecting the contact on the touch screen at the respective location). In some embodiments, the additional information is “associated with” the respective location in that, when a predefined gesture (e.g., a finger press input) is performed at the respective location, the additional information is displayed on the display.
In some embodiments, the device detects a gesture including movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector to the respective location on the display (e.g., movement of a cursor across the display in response to movement of a contact on a touchpad). In such embodiments, the additional information is not displayed immediately prior to detecting movement of the focus selector across the display to the respective location. For example, as explained with reference to
In some embodiments, the contact is a finger contact. In some embodiments, the additional information is not displayed immediately prior to detecting the contact on the touch screen at the respective location. In some embodiments, the device detects the contact on a portion of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the respective location (e.g., the device detects the contact at a location of a button associated with additional information on a touch screen display). For example, as explained with reference to
In some embodiments, the device displays (3704) a user interface object on the display. In some embodiments, the user interface object is associated with (3706) the additional information that is not initially displayed on the display; and the respective location corresponds to a location of the user interface object on the display (e.g., the additional information is associated with an icon or other displayed element of the user interface). In some embodiments, the respective location is not associated with a particular user interface object on the display (e.g., the device detects the contact or cursor in an activation region or hidden hit region of the touch-sensitive surface and/or display that, when activated by waiting for the delay time or increasing the intensity of the contact above an intensity threshold, triggers display of the additional information).
In some embodiments, the additional information includes (3708) help for the user interface object (e.g., information describing the user interface object and one or more options for retrieving further help related to the user interface objects, such as a hyperlink or search box). In some embodiments, the additional information includes (3710) a description of one or more functions of the user interface object. In some embodiments, the additional information includes a brief description of the user interface object and/or a description of the functionality associated with the user interface object. For example, if the user interface object is a ‘create a bookmark’ icon in the browser, the additional information is, optionally: ‘this creates a new bookmark; bookmarks are a way to save your favorite sites.’
In some embodiments, the additional information includes (3712) a menu with selectable options related to the user interface object. For example, if the user interface object is a file icon, the additional information includes a menu with selectable options such as ‘open,’ ‘edit,’ ‘print,’ ‘copy,’ ‘delete,’ ‘rename’ and the like.
In some embodiments, the user interface object is (3714) a back button. For example, the user interface object is back button of a web browser or a file browser such as back button 3610 shown in
In some embodiments, the respective location corresponds to (3718) an edge of a user interface for navigating through an electronic document. In some embodiments, the edge of the user interface for navigating through an electronic document is a scroll bar. For example, as shown in
In some embodiments (e.g., where the respective location corresponds to a hidden hit region at an edge of a user interface for navigating through an electronic document), the additional information includes a portion of the electronic document that was not displayed immediately prior to detecting the contact while the focus selector is at the respective location. For example, when the focus selector is at or near an edge of an application window while the user is selecting objects (e.g., file icons in a file manager application) or content (e.g., text in a word processing document) in the application window or moving a user interface object (e.g., a file icon in a file manager application) within the application window, the application window is scrolled when the focus selector pauses at the edge of the user interface for longer than the predefined delay time or if a press input above the respective intensity threshold is detected while the focus selector is at or near the edge of the application window. Scrolling the application window in this way enables the user to keep moving the user interface object or alternatively enables the user to keep selecting the objects or content without interruption (e.g., without putting a currently selected user interface object down or without unselecting previously selected content).
For example, in response to detecting intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold or detecting the contact for longer than the predefined delay time while the focus selector is at an edge of the user interface for navigating through the electronic document, the device scrolls the electronic document. In particular, as explained with reference to
As another example, when the focus selector is proximate to a scroll bar or near an edge of an application window in which the electronic document is displayed, the device scrolls the document when the focus selector pauses in the location for longer than the predefined delay time or if a press input above the respective intensity threshold is detected. In some embodiments, the electronic document is scrolled in accordance with a determination that a user interface object was currently selected and being moved in accordance with movement of the focus selector when the press input was detected. For example, if the user is dragging a representation of a file or program (e.g., a file or program icon) in a window of a file manager application (e.g., a system file manager such as Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. or a media manager such as iPhoto from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. or iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), and the user drags the representation of the file or program to an edge of the window of the file manager application and pauses for longer than the predefined delay time or increases the intensity of the contact over the respective intensity threshold while at the edge of the virtual desktop, the device will scroll the window of the file manager program.
In some embodiments, the respective location corresponds to (3720) an edge of the display. For example, the respective location is located on an area or strip within a predefined distance of the edge of the display (e.g., 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mm, or 5, 10 or other appropriate number of pixels). In some embodiments (e.g., where the respective location corresponds to an edge of the display), the additional information includes a virtual desktop that was not displayed immediately prior to detecting the contact while the focus selector is at the respective location (e.g., in response to detecting intensity of the contact over the respective intensity threshold or detecting the contact for longer than the predefined delay time while the focus selector is at the edge of the display, switching between virtual desktops). For example, if the user is dragging a window on a workspace or virtual desktop of an operating system that has multiple virtual desktops, and the user drags the window of an application to an edge of the virtual desktop and pauses or increases the intensity of the contact over the respective intensity threshold while at the edge of the virtual desktop, the device will optionally switch from the current/first virtual desktop to a different/second virtual desktop that is associated with the respective edge of the current virtual desktop. In this example, the edge of the display is associated with the virtual desktop in that a press input while the focus selector is proximate to the edge of the display causes the different virtual desktop to be displayed. In some embodiments, the different virtual desktop is displayed in accordance with a determination that a user interface object was currently selected and being moved in accordance with movement of the focus selector when the press input was detected. In other words, the different virtual desktop is displayed in accordance with a determination that the user has performed a gesture associated with moving the user interface object from the current virtual desktop to the different virtual desktop.
In some embodiments, the respective location corresponds to (3722) a hyperlink (e.g., a hyperlink in a webpage), and the additional information includes content associated with the hyperlink. For example, in response to detecting intensity of the contact over the respective intensity threshold or detecting the contact for longer than the predefined delay time on a hyperlink in a webpage displayed in a web browser, the device loads a webpage associated with the hyperlink in a new application window or the current application window of the web browser (e.g., immediately after detecting the increase in intensity of the contact or after detecting liftoff of the contact following detecting the increase in intensity of the contact).
While the focus selector is (3724) at the respective location: in accordance with a determination (3726) that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD” in
While the focus selector is (3724) at the respective location: in accordance with a determination (3730) that the contact has an intensity below the respective intensity threshold, the device waits until the predefined delay time has elapsed while the focus selector is at the respective location to display the additional information associated with the respective location. For example, as explained with reference to
In some embodiments, the device detects (3734) a tap gesture on the touch-sensitive surface while the focus selector is at the respective location. For example, the device detects a contact on the touch sensitive surface that has a duration less than a predefined maximum tap-gesture duration and/or a maximum intensity that is between a minimum contact-detection intensity (e.g., IT0) and the respective intensity threshold ITD (e.g., a brief, regular press gesture that is not a “deep press” input). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the tap gesture, the device performs (3736) an operation associated with the user interface object (e.g., without displaying the additional information associated with the respective location). In other words, in some embodiments, a regular press input (e.g., a non-deep press interaction) that corresponds to the user interface object performs a different operation from the deep press input that immediately displays additional information associated with the respective location (e.g., non-deep press interaction results in navigating “back” in the browser by loading a most recent previously visited webpage in the browser rather than displaying a list of previously accessed websites).
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 3806 is configured to: detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 3804 (e.g., with detecting unit 3808) while a focus selector corresponding to the contact is at a respective location on the display unit 3802 that is associated with additional information that is not initially displayed on the display unit 3802; and while the focus selector is at the respective location: in accordance with a determination that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold before a predefined delay time has elapsed with the focus selector at the respective location, enable display of the additional information (e.g., with display enabling unit 3814) associated with the respective location without waiting until the predefined delay time has elapsed; and in accordance with a determination that the contact has an intensity below the respective intensity threshold, wait until the predefined delay time has elapsed (e.g., with waiting unit 3810) while the focus selector is at the respective location to enable display of the additional information (e.g., with display enabling unit 3814) associated with the respective location.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 3806 is further configured to enable display of a user interface object on the display unit 3802 (e.g., with display enabling unit 3814), where the user interface object is associated with the additional information that is not initially displayed on the display unit 3802; and the respective location corresponds to a location of the user interface object on the display unit 3802.
In some embodiments, the additional information is information selected from the group consisting of: help for the user interface object, a description of one or more functions of the user interface object, and a menu with selectable options related to the user interface object.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 3806 is further configured to detect a tap gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit (e.g., with detecting unit 3808) while the focus selector is at the respective location; and in response to detecting the tap gesture, perform an operation associated with the user interface object.
In some embodiments, the user interface object is a back button; and the additional information includes a browsing history that includes a list of representations of previously accessed information.
In some embodiments, the respective location corresponds to an edge of a user interface for navigating through an electronic document; and the additional information includes a portion of the electronic document that was not displayed immediately prior to detecting the contact while the focus selector is at the respective location.
In some embodiments, the respective location corresponds to an edge of the display unit 3802; and the additional information includes a virtual desktop that was not displayed immediately prior to detecting the contact while the focus selector is at the respective location.
In some embodiments, the respective location corresponds to a hyperlink; and the additional information includes content associated with the hyperlink.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that include an application dock or launch bar. The application dock or launch bar includes application icons that the user may activate to launch applications. The user may add application icons corresponding to the applications they prefer or use often into the application dock, for quick access, and to remove application icons from the application dock. The user may also rearrange the application icons within the application dock. Some methods require multiple inputs for removal of the application icon from the application dock or sometimes result in accidental removal of an icon from the application dock. The embodiments described below improve on these methods by allowing the user to make a gesture on a touch-sensitive surface and, based on the intensity of the contact in the gesture, move an application icon for rearrangement or remove the application icon from the application dock based on the intensity. When the user performs a gesture with a heavy contact, the user can remove an application icon from the application dock. When the user performs a gesture with a light contact, the application icon is retained in the application dock. The user thus has a more convenient way to remove application icons from the application dock and the likelihood of accidental removal of icons from the application dock is reduced.
Cursor 3922 is also displayed on display 450. Cursor 3922 is an example of a focus selector. A user optionally moves cursor 3922 on display 450 (e.g., using touch-sensitive surface 451 of the device) to point at a user interface object (e.g., icons 3906, 3908, 3910, 3912, or 3914) and select and manipulate the object with additional inputs.
An intensity of contact 3920 is detected by one or more sensors in the device. The intensity is detected throughout the duration of the gesture. In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact 3920, and in accordance with a determination by the device that contact 3920 had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”), an indication that the gesture is being performed is displayed during the gesture, and icon 3908 (the icon over which cursor 3922 was located when the gesture was detected) is retained in application dock area 3916 after the end of the gesture. The indication is, optionally, for example, a display of movement of icon 3908 in accordance with movement of cursor 3922, as shown in
In some embodiments, displaying an indication of the gesture being performed includes changing the appearance of icon 3908 to, e.g., displaying ghost image 3926 of icon 3908, as shown in
In some embodiments, displaying an indication of the gesture being performed includes displaying movement of cursor 3922 while leaving icon 3908 in place in application dock area 3916. For example,
In some embodiments, displaying an indication of the gesture being performed includes displaying movement of icon 3908 during the gesture but constraining movement of icon 3908 to application dock area 3916, as shown in
In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact 3930, and in accordance with a determination by the device that contact 3930 reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”), icon 3908 (the icon over which cursor 3922 was located when the gesture was detected) is moved in accordance with movement 3934 of contact 3930, as shown in
An intensity of contact 3946 is detected by one or more sensors in the device. The intensity is detected throughout the duration of the gesture. In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact 3946, and in accordance with a determination by the device that contact 3946 had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”), an indication that the gesture is being performed is displayed during the gesture, and icon 3908 (the icon on which contact 3946 was detected when the gesture was detected) is retained in application dock area 3916 after the end of the gesture. The indication is, optionally, for example, a display of movement of icon 3908 in accordance with movement 3948, as shown in
An intensity of contact 3950 is detected by one or more sensors in the device. The intensity is detected throughout the duration of the gesture. In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact 3950, and in accordance with a determination by the device that contact 3950 reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”), icon 3908 (the icon on which contact 3950 was located when the gesture was detected) is moved in accordance with movement 3952 of contact 3950, as shown in
As described below, the method 4000 provides an intuitive way to remove an icon from a predefined area. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when removing an icon from a predefined area, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to remove an icon from a predefined area faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays a plurality of icons in a predefined area (e.g., an application dock or quick launch tray) on the display, where the plurality of icons include (4002) a respective icon. For example, in
The device detects a gesture that includes (4004) a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector is over the respective icon and subsequent movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector outside of the predefined area.
As further examples,
In response (4006) to detecting the gesture, and in accordance with a determination (4008) that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, the device displays (4010) an indication that the gesture is being performed during the gesture (e.g., display movement of the respective icon or a ghost image of the respective icon), and retains (4018) the respective icon in the predefined area after the gesture has ended (e.g., the respective icon bounces back or otherwise returns to its original location, or ceases movement at a boundary of the predefined area, in response to detecting lift off of the contact). In response to detection of the gesture performed with contact 3920 and in accordance with a determination that contact 3920 had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a defined intensity threshold, the device displays, for example, movement of icon 3908 (
In some embodiments, displaying the indication that the gesture is being performed includes (4012) changing the appearance of the respective icon in the predefined area (e.g., replacing the respective icon with a ghost image of the icon) and, while displaying the respective icon with the changed appearance on the display, moving a representation of the respective icon in accordance with movement of the contact during the gesture. For example, in response to detection of the gesture performed with contact 3920, icon 3908 is, optionally, changed to ghost image 3926 and, while ghost image 3926 is displayed, a representation of icon 3908 (e.g., duplicate icon 3928 or ghost image 3926) is moved in accordance with movement 3924, as shown in
In some embodiments, displaying the indication that the gesture is being performed includes (4014), while maintaining the respective icon in a fixed location in the predefined area, moving a cursor on the display in accordance with movement of the contact (e.g., unless the user presses hard enough, the icons in the dock are stationary or “stuck” in place). For example, in response to detection of the gesture performed with contact 3920, cursor 3922 is, optionally, moved in accordance with movement 3924 while icon 3908 remains in place, as shown in
In some embodiments, displaying the indication that the gesture is being performed includes (4016), while constraining movement of the respective icon to the predefined area, moving the respective icon in accordance with the movement of the contact during the gesture (e.g., the icon can still be repositioned within the dock during the gesture but cannot be moved outside of the dock unless the user presses harder). In some embodiments, if the icon is constrained to the predefined area, the icon moves along an edge of the predefined area that is closest to the contact. For example, if the predefined area is horizontal strip near the bottom edge of the display and the focus selector is above the predefined area, movement of the icon would track horizontal movement of the contact but would not track vertical movement of the contact unless the focus selector moved into the predefined area. For example, movement of icon 3908 in accordance with movement 3924 of contact 3920 is, optionally, constrained to within application dock area 3916, as shown in
In response (4006) to detecting the gesture, and in accordance with a determination (4020) that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, the device moves (4022) the respective icon in accordance with the movement of the contact during the gesture (e.g., moving the respective icon outside of the predefined area during the gesture so that it follows the movement of the contact), and removes (4024) the respective icon from the predefined area after the gesture has ended (e.g., deleting the icon or moving the icon to a location outside of the predefined area in response to detecting liftoff of the contact). For example in
In some embodiments, prior to detecting an end of the gesture, in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, prior to removing the respective icon from the predefined area, the device displays (4026) a visual indication that the respective icon will be removed from dock (e.g., prior to detecting an end of the gesture, display the respective icon moving out of the predefined area and/or display an icon removal symbol such as a “cloud” or a red “X” in situations where the respective icon would be permanently removed from the predefined area).
In some embodiments, the device detects (4028) a tap gesture on the touch-sensitive surface while the focus selector is over the respective icon, and in response to detecting the tap gesture, the device launches (4030) a respective application associated with the respective icon. In some embodiments, the respective icon is a document icon that opens a particular document with a default application. In some embodiments, the respective icon is an application icon that opens an application with no document or a default/blank document initially displayed. For example, in
In some embodiments, instead of determining whether or not to remove the respective icon from the predefined area based on whether or not the contact has a maximum intensity that is above or below the respective intensity threshold during a gesture that corresponds to movement outside of the predefined area, the device determines whether or not to rearrange a plurality of icons in the predefined area based on whether or not the contact has a maximum intensity that is above or below the respective intensity threshold. Thus, in some embodiments, the device displays a plurality of icons in a predefined area on the display, wherein the plurality of icons include a respective icon. The device detects a gesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector is over the respective icon; and subsequent movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector within the predefined area. In response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, the device displays an indication that the gesture is being performed during the gesture; and does not rearrange (e.g., reorder) the respective icon in the predefined area after the gesture has ended. In contrast, in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, the device moves the respective icon in accordance with the movement of the contact during the gesture; and rearranges (e.g., reorders) the respective icon relative to other icons in the plurality of icons in the predefined area after the gesture has ended. For example, in
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 4106 is configured to: detect a gesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 4104 while a focus selector is over the respective icon and subsequent movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit 4104 that corresponds to movement of the focus selector outside of the predefined area (e.g., with the detecting unit 4108), and in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, enable display of an indication that the gesture is being performed during the gesture (e.g., with the display enabling unit 4110) and retain the respective icon in the predefined area after the gesture has ended (e.g., with the retaining unit 4112); and in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, move the respective icon in accordance with the movement of the contact during the gesture (e.g., with the moving unit 4114) and remove the respective icon from the predefined area after the gesture has ended (e.g., with the removing unit 4116).
In some embodiments, displaying the indication that the gesture is being performed includes: changing the appearance of the respective icon in the predefined area, and while displaying the respective icon with the changed appearance on the display unit 4102, moving a representation of the respective icon in accordance with movement of the contact during the gesture.
In some embodiments, displaying the indication that the gesture is being performed includes, while maintaining the respective icon in a fixed location in the predefined area, moving a cursor on the display unit 4102 in accordance with movement of the contact.
In some embodiments, displaying the indication that the gesture is being performed includes, while constraining movement of the respective icon to the predefined area, moving the respective icon in accordance with the movement of the contact during the gesture.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 4106 is configured to: detect a tap gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit 4104 while the focus selector is over the respective icon (e.g., with the detecting unit 4108), and in response to detecting the tap gesture, launch a respective application associated with the respective icon (e.g., with the launching unit 4118).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 4106 is configured to: prior to detecting an end of the gesture, in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, prior to removing the respective icon from the predefined area, enable display of a visual indication that the respective icon will be removed from dock (e.g., with the display enabling unit 4110).
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
Many electronic devices include applications or user interfaces where different corresponding content, such as layers of content, can be displayed. For example, the corresponding content can be images of a location at different times, or different types of maps for a location. In some methods, in order to display a different content layer, the user has to open a menu and choose the desired content layer, which can be tedious and time-consuming. The embodiments described below improve on these methods. The user increases the intensity of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector is located over a content layer. If the intensity is increased above a threshold, a corresponding portion of a different content layer is displayed. The different content layer can also be brought up gradually in accordance with the contact intensity, or panned by moving a focus selector. These features make the displaying and manipulation of content layers more efficient.
In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display 450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface 451). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device 100, the display is touch-sensitive display system 112, and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators 167 on the display (
The device also displays a focus selector (e.g., cursor 6904) on display 450. In some embodiments, cursor 6904 is a pointer (e.g., a mouse pointer). In
While the portion of content with which cursor 6904 is associated has a finite size, the extent (e.g., size and boundaries) of that portion is not displayed to the user, and thus the delineation of the portion from the rest of content 6902 is, optionally, not apparent to the user until the device begins to replace the portion of the first content with a corresponding portion of second content, as described below. For example, in
In
In some embodiments where content 6902 is an image of a location at a first time, content 6908 is an image of the same location at a second time different from the first time (e.g., a different time and date). In some embodiments where content 6902 is a map of a first type of a location, content 6908 is a map, of a second type different from the first type (e.g., public transit map), of the same location. Portions of content 6908 are correlated with corresponding portions of content 6902. Thus, portion 6908-1 corresponds to portion 6902-1. For example, if content 6902 and 6908 are different types of maps for the same location, then portions 6902-1 and 6908-1 are portions of the respective maps for the vicinity of the same street intersection. In some embodiments, content 6902 is a first image and content 6908 is a second image that corresponds to the first image (e.g., an image of the same object or set of objects that differs from the first image based on media-capture settings such as exposure, white balance, focus, etc., or based on image capture conditions such as time of day, lighting, etc.). In some embodiments, content 6902 is a first document and content 6908 is an earlier version of the first document (e.g., an earlier version of a word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, or PDF document). While numerous examples have been provided, these examples are not limiting, and analogous operations are optionally performed on any set of first content and second content for which it is advantageous to replace a particular portion of the first content with the second content while continuing to display other portions of the first content.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting a decrease in the intensity of contact 6906 below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., ITL), content 6908-1 ceases to be displayed, and content 6902-1 is re-displayed as part of content 6902 as a whole (e.g., if contact 6906 drops back down to the intensity shown in
In
For example,
The device detects an increase in the intensity of contact 6910 to a higher intensity that is still below the transition-initiation intensity threshold (e.g., IT1), as shown in
In
In some embodiments, the opacity of reduced-opacity portion 6902-1 is based on the intensity of contact 6910 between the transition-initiation intensity threshold (e.g., IT1) and the light press intensity threshold (e.g., ITL). The opacity is reduced in response to an increase in the intensity of contact 6910, and the opacity is increased in response to a decrease in the intensity of contact 6910. Thus, portion 6908-1, optionally, has an appearance of being gradually revealed and gradually replacing portion 6902-1 on display 450.
In
In
As described below, the method 7000 provides an intuitive way to display content layers. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when displaying content layers, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to display content layers faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (7002), on the display, first content, where portions of the first content are correlated with corresponding portions of second content that are not (initially) displayed on the display (e.g., the corresponding portions of the second content are not displayed prior to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface, as described below). For example,
While a focus selector is over a first portion of the first content, the device detects (7014) an increase in intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., ITL). For example,
In response to detecting (7018) the increase in intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., ITL), the device ceases (7020) to display the first portion of the first content, and displays (7022) a first portion of the second content that corresponds to the first portion of the first content. For example, in
In some embodiments, prior to displaying the first portion of the second content (7004), the device detects (7006) an increase in intensity of the contact from a first intensity below the respective intensity threshold (e.g., ITL) to a second intensity below the respective intensity threshold (e.g., ITL). In response to detecting (7008) the increase in intensity of the contact to the second intensity below the respective intensity threshold (e.g., ITL), in accordance with a determination that the second intensity is below a transition-initiation intensity threshold (e.g., IT1), the device continues (7010) to display the first portion of the first content without displaying the first portion of the second content; and in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is above the transition-initiation intensity threshold (e.g., IT1), the device displays (7012) a reduced opacity version of the first portion of the first content overlaid over the first portion of the second content. In some embodiments, the opacity of the first portion of the first content decreases with increasing intensity up to the respective threshold. As shown in
In some embodiments, the size (e.g., area) of the first portion of the first content (and the corresponding first portion of the second content) is determined (7016) based on an intensity of the contact. After displaying (7028) the first portion of the second content, the device detects (7030) an increase in the intensity of the contact, and in response to detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, increases (7032) the size of the first portion of the second content (and the corresponding first portion of the first content). For example, in
In some embodiments, the first content includes (7024) an image of a location (e.g., a physical location) at a first time, the second content includes an image of the location at a second time distinct from the first time, and the first portion of the first content and the first portion of the second content correspond to a same portion of the location. For example, content 6902 includes an image of a location at a first time, and content 6908 includes an image of the location at a second time different from the first time. Portion 6902-1 corresponds to portion 6908-1; they show the same portion of the location at different times.
In some embodiments, the first content includes (7026) a first map of a location (e.g., a physical location), the second content includes a second map of the location, where the first map is different from the second map, and the first portion of the first content and the first portion of the second content correspond to a same portion of the location. For example, the first map includes different map features from the map features included in the second map (e.g., a 1902 map of San Francisco instead of a 2012 map of San Francisco or a street map of San Francisco overlaid over a public transit map of San Francisco). For example, content 6902 includes a map of a first type (e.g., street map) of a location, and content 6908 includes a map of a second type (e.g., public transit map) different from the first type, of the location. Portion 6902-1 corresponds to portion 6908-1; they show different map types for the same portion of the location.
In some embodiments, after displaying (7028) the first portion of the second content, the device detects (7034) movement of the contact. In response to detecting (7036) movement of the contact, the device moves (7038) the focus selector over a second portion of the first content, ceases (7040) to display the second portion of the first content, and displays (7042) a second portion of the second content that corresponds to the second portion of the first content (e.g., the “revealed” area of the second content moves in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface). For example, in
In some embodiments, the second portion of the first content at least partially overlaps the first portion of the first content (7044). In some embodiments, the second portion of the second content at least partially overlaps the first portion of the second content (e.g., the “revealed” area of the second content changes smoothly in accordance with movement of the contact, so that as a row of pixels is revealed on the right edge of the “revealed” area, a corresponding row of pixels ceases to be revealed on the left edge of the “revealed” area). For example, as shown in
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 7108 is configured to: while a focus selector is over a first portion of the first content, detect an increase in intensity (e.g., with the detecting unit 7110) of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 7104 above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., ITL); and in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 7104 above the respective intensity threshold: cease to display the first portion of the first content (e.g., with the ceasing unit 7112), and enable display of a first portion of the second content that corresponds to the first portion of the first content (e.g., with the display enabling unit 7114).
In some embodiments, the size of the first portion of the first content is determined based on an intensity of the contact; and the processing unit 7108 is configured to, after enabling display of the first portion of the second content: detect an increase in the intensity of the contact (e.g., with the detecting unit 7110), and in response to detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, increase the size of the first portion of the second content (e.g., with the increasing unit 7116).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 7108 is configured to, prior to enabling display of the first portion of the second content: detect an increase in intensity of the contact from a first intensity below the respective intensity threshold to a second intensity below the respective intensity threshold (e.g., with the detecting unit 7110); and in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact to the second intensity below the respective intensity threshold: in accordance with a determination that the second intensity is below a transition-initiation intensity, continue to enable display of the first portion of the first content without enabling display of the first portion of the second content (e.g., with the display enabling unit 7114); and in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is above the transition-initiation intensity threshold (e.g., IT1), enable display of a reduced opacity version of the first portion of the first content overlaid over the first portion of the second content (e.g., with the display enabling unit 7114).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 7108 is configured to, after enabling display of the first portion of the second content: detect movement of the contact (e.g., with the detecting unit 7110); and in response to detecting movement of the contact: move the focus selector over a second portion of the first content (e.g., with the moving unit 7118); cease to enable display of the second portion of the first content (e.g., with the ceasing unit 7112); and enable display of a second portion of the second content that corresponds to the second portion of the first content (e.g., with the display enabling unit 7114).
In some embodiments, the second portion of the first content at least partially overlaps the first portion of the first content.
In some embodiments, the first content includes an image of a location at a first time, the second content includes an image of the location at a second time distinct from the first time, and the first portion of the first content and the first portion of the second content correspond to a same portion of the location.
In some embodiments, the first content includes a first map of a location, the second content includes a second map of the location, where the first map is different from the second map, and the first portion of the first content and the first portion of the second content correspond to a same portion of the location.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
Many electronic devices include user interfaces that include different representations of a same object (e.g., content such as an email or photo). In some situations the different representations of the same object are organized into a hierarchy (e.g., a conversation including multiple messages or a photo album including multiple photos). Such groupings require convenient methods for navigating between user interfaces corresponding to levels of the hierarchy. Some methods for navigating between user interfaces on a device with a touch-sensitive surface typically require a user to locate an affordance (e.g., a key or a “button”). Such methods, however, are problematic because they are prone to inaccuracies (e.g., accidental selection of the affordance, accidental selection of a different key when intending to select the affordance). Such methods also increase the cognitive burden on the user by requiring additional independent gestures. The embodiments described below provide a convenient and intuitive method for navigating between user interfaces corresponding to different representations of an object using similar gestures performed with a contact while a focus selector is over a representation of the object. In the embodiments described below, an improved method is provided for navigating between a first user interface that includes, at least, a first representation of an object and a second user interface that includes, at least, a second representation of the object. While displaying the first user interface, when the device detects a gesture that meets certain navigation criteria for the object, the device replaces the first user interface with the second user interface. While displaying the second user interface, when the device detects a gesture that meets certain navigation criteria, the device replaces the second user interface with the first user interface.
In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display 450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface 451). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device 100, the display is touch-sensitive display system 112, and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators 167 on the display (
In some embodiments, when navigation criteria are met, the device displays a second user interface. In some embodiments, the navigation criteria include that the gesture has a maximum intensity above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., an intensity threshold that is greater than a nominal intensity measurement that indicates that a contact is touching the touch-sensitive surface, such as ITL, which is greater than contact detection intensity threshold IT0), as shown with contact 8406 in
In some embodiments, the device optionally displays an animated transition between the first user interface and the second user interface.
In some embodiments, since the conversation view is an example of a user interface that is not on either extreme of a hierarchy of user interfaces (for example, a user could up-navigate in the hierarchy to return to the inbox view or down-navigate in the hierarchy to view an individual message), the device is configured to respond separately to up-navigation criteria and down-navigation criteria. For example, in some embodiments, the up-navigation criteria include that the gesture include a deep press (e.g., a press input with an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold, ITD) whereas the down-navigation criteria include that the gesture has a maximum intensity between ITL and ITD. In some embodiments, the down-navigation criteria include that the gesture include a deep press (e.g., a press input with an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold, ITD) whereas the up-navigation criteria include that the gesture has a maximum intensity between ITL and ITD. In some embodiments, other gestures, movements, gestures with multiple fingers, or a combination of light and deep press inputs are used separately and/or in combination to distinguish between up-navigation and down-navigation inputs.
For the purposes of providing an example, it is assumed that the gesture that includes contact 8410 in
As described below, the method 8500 provides an intuitive way to navigate between displayed user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating between displayed user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigating between displayed user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (8502) a first user interface on a display (e.g., inbox view,
In some embodiments, the respective intensity threshold (e.g., ITL) corresponds (8506) to an intensity measurement that is greater than a nominal intensity measurement (e.g., IT0) that indicates that a contact is touching the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, when the one or more sensors used to detect contact intensity (e.g., “intensity sensors”) are capable of measuring 4 or more quantized values of intensity, where N is the lowest quantized value of intensity (e.g., the value of intensity that corresponds to the presence of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface), the respective intensity threshold is at least one level above N. For example if there are 4 quantized values of intensity and 1 is the lowest level, then the respective intensity threshold is 2, or a level greater than 2. As another example, if there are 256 quantized values of intensity and 1 is the lowest level, then the respective intensity threshold is 2, or a level greater than 2, such as 5, 10 or 15.
In response to detecting the first gesture, the device replaces (8508) the first user interface with a second user interface that includes a second representation of the object (e.g., conversation view,
In some embodiments, the object is (8510) an electronic document (e.g., a word processing document, a spreadsheet document, a presentation document or a PDF), the first representation is an icon that corresponds to the electronic document, and the second representation is a view of the electronic document (e.g., an application window for viewing and/or responding to the electronic document, a document editing user interface for editing the electronic document or another interface for interacting with the electronic document).
In some embodiments, the object is (8512) an electronic message (e.g., an email, text message, instant message, or SMS, MMS, or a social networking message), the first representation is a message list entry in a list of electronic messages (e.g., a representation of an email in an inbox, such as user interface object 8404-1,
In some embodiments, the first user interface includes (8514) a list with a plurality of entries that represent corresponding objects (for example, the list of electronic messages described with reference to operation 8512, or, alternatively, a list of songs in an album, etc.), where the first representation of the object is one of the entries in the list, and replacing the first user interface with the second user interface includes sliding a first set of one or more of the entries away from the first representation of the object in a first direction and sliding a second set of one or more of the entries away from the first representation of the object in a second direction different from the first direction. In some embodiments, replacing the first user interface with the second user interface further includes displaying an animation of the first representation (a list entry) expanding to become the corresponding document or message (e.g., message list expanding,
While the focus selector is over the second representation of the object in the second user interface, the device detects (8516) a second gesture on the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second contact with a maximum intensity during the second gesture above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., contact 8412,
In some embodiments, the second gesture is (8520) a repetition of the first gesture (e.g., the second gesture includes the same basic movement and/or intensity change components as the first gesture, although the second gesture occurs at a later time).
In some embodiments, the first user interface includes (8522) a list with a plurality of entries that represent corresponding objects, where the first representation of the object is one of the entries in the list, and replacing the second user interface with the first user interface includes sliding a first set of one or more of the entries toward the first representation of the object in a first direction and sliding a second set of one or more of the entries toward the first representation of the object in a second direction different from the first direction (e.g., sliding list entries in,
In some embodiments, prior to replacing the first user interface with the second user interface, the device detects (8524) an increase in intensity of the first contact above the respective intensity threshold. In response to detecting the increase in intensity of the first contact, the device displays (8526) a first animation of the first representation distorting (e.g., stretching backwards into the display like a trampoline with a weight placed on it) in accordance with the increase in intensity of the first contact. In some embodiments, the first user interface is replaced with the second user interface in response to detecting a decrease in intensity and/or liftoff of the first contact and includes displaying an animation of a reverse of the distortion of the first representation (e.g., the first representation bounces back like a trampoline after a weight is lifted off of the trampoline). In some embodiments, prior to replacing the second user interface with the first user interface, the device detects (8528) an increase in intensity of the second contact above the respective intensity threshold. In response to detecting the increase in intensity of the second contact, the device displays (8530) a second animation of the second representation distorting (e.g., stretching backward into the display like a trampoline with a weight placed on it) in accordance with the increase in intensity of the second contact. In some embodiments, the second user interface is replaced with the first user interface in response to detecting a decrease in intensity and/or liftoff of the second contact and includes displaying an animation of a reverse of the distortion of the second representation (e.g., the second representation bounces back like a trampoline after a weight is lifted off of the trampoline).
In some embodiments, the first animation includes (8532) adjusting display of the first representation by displaying a plurality of visual cues (e.g., visual cues associated with a respective physical metaphor) in accordance with the intensity of the first contact (e.g., moving a center of the first representation downward and showing distortion of the edges of the first representation to indicate that the first representation is stretching downward in accordance with the intensity of the first contact). The second animation includes adjusting display of the second representation by displaying the plurality of visual cues (e.g., visual cues associated with the same respective physical metaphor) in accordance with the intensity of the second contact (e.g., moving a center of the second representation downward and showing distortion of the edges of the second representation to indicate that the second representation is stretching downward in accordance with the intensity of the second contact). In some embodiments, the first animation and the second animation include similar distortions of corresponding user interface elements displayed on the display. It is intended that many other transitions and/or animations fall within the scope of the current disclosure. For instance, several alternative animations are discussed herein with reference to
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 8608 is configured to: in response to detecting the first gesture, replace (e.g., with replacing unit 8610) the first user interface with the second user interface; and in response to detecting the second gesture, replace the second user interface with the first user interface.
In some embodiments, the respective intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity measurement that is greater than a nominal intensity measurement that indicates that a contact is touching the touch-sensitive surface unit 8604.
In some embodiments, the second gesture is a repetition of the first gesture.
In some embodiments, the object is an electronic message; the first representation is a message list entry in a list of electronic messages; and the second representation is a view of the electronic message that corresponds to the message list entry.
In some embodiments, the object is an electronic document; the first representation is an icon that corresponds to the electronic document; and the second representation is a view of the electronic document.
In some embodiments, the first user interface includes a list with a plurality of entries that represent corresponding objects, wherein the first representation of the object is one of the entries in the list; and replacing the first user interface with the second user interface includes: sliding a first set of one or more of the entries away from the first representation of the object in a first direction; and sliding a second set of one or more of the entries away from the first representation of the object in a second direction different from the first direction.
In some embodiments, the first user interface includes a list with a plurality of entries that represent corresponding objects, wherein the first representation of the object is one of the entries in the list; and replacing the second user interface with the first user interface includes: sliding a first set of one or more of the entries toward the first representation of the object in a first direction; and sliding a second set of one or more of the entries toward the first representation of the object in a second direction different from the first direction.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 8608 is further configured to: prior to replacing the first user interface with the second user interface: detect an increase in intensity of the first contact above the respective intensity threshold; and in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the first contact, display a first animation of the first representation distorting in accordance with the increase in intensity of the first contact; prior to replacing the second user interface with the first user interface: detect an increase in intensity of the second contact above the respective intensity threshold; and in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the second contact, display a second animation of the second representation distorting in accordance with the increase in intensity of the second contact.
In some embodiments, the first animation includes adjusting display of the first representation by displaying a plurality of visual cues in accordance with the intensity of the first contact; and the second animation includes adjusting display of the second representation by displaying the plurality of visual cues in accordance with the intensity of the second contact.
The operations in the information processing methods described above are optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations have been described above is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) can be combined with each other in different arrangements. For example, the contacts, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and/or focus selectors described above with reference to any one of the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to one or more of the other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, all of the various possible combinations are not specifically enumerated here, but it should be understood that the claims described above may be combined in any way that is not precluded by mutually exclusive claim features.
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the various described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the various described embodiments and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/856,520, filed Sep. 16, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/536,426, filed Nov. 7, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,823,839, which is a continuation of PCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040058, filed on May 8, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact,” which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,171, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/747,278, filed Dec. 29, 2012, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/688,227, filed May 9, 2012, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback,” which applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,092, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Object within a Group of Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,125, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigating User Interface Hierarchies;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,156, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating Framed Graphical Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,179, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling Nested Regions;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,191, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,211, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Facilitating User Interaction with Controls in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,239, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Forgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,284, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Tactile Feedback for Operations Performed in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,287, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Feedback for Changing Activation States of a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,363, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,367, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving a User Interface Object Based on an Intensity of a Press Input;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,265, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Display States in Response to a Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,373, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Activation of a Control Based on Contact Intensity;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,412, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Content Associated with a Corresponding Affordance;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,413, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting User Interface Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,414, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving and Dropping a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,416, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Whether to Scroll or Select Content;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,418, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Switching between User Interfaces,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/645,033, filed on May 9, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/665,603, filed on Jun. 28, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/681,098, filed on Aug. 8, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
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| 102016777 | Apr 2011 | CN |
| 102053790 | May 2011 | CN |
| 102067068 | May 2011 | CN |
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| 102388351 | Mar 2012 | CN |
| 102438092 | May 2012 | CN |
| 102483666 | May 2012 | CN |
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| 103019586 | Apr 2013 | CN |
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| 103092406 | May 2013 | CN |
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| 103970474 | Aug 2014 | CN |
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| 104020868 | Sep 2014 | CN |
| 104020955 | Sep 2014 | CN |
| 104021021 | Sep 2014 | CN |
| 104024985 | Sep 2014 | CN |
| 104077014 | Oct 2014 | CN |
| 104090979 | Oct 2014 | CN |
| 104142798 | Nov 2014 | CN |
| 104160362 | Nov 2014 | CN |
| 104238904 | Dec 2014 | CN |
| 104267902 | Jan 2015 | CN |
| 104331239 | Feb 2015 | CN |
| 104349124 | Feb 2015 | CN |
| 104392292 | Mar 2015 | CN |
| 104412201 | Mar 2015 | CN |
| 104471521 | Mar 2015 | CN |
| 104487928 | Apr 2015 | CN |
| 104487929 | Apr 2015 | CN |
| 104487930 | Apr 2015 | CN |
| 105264476 | Jan 2016 | CN |
| 100 59 906 | Jun 2002 | DE |
| 0364178 | Apr 1990 | EP |
| 0 859 307 | Mar 1998 | EP |
| 0 880 090 | Nov 1998 | EP |
| 1 028 583 | Aug 2000 | EP |
| 1 406 150 | Apr 2004 | EP |
| 1 674 977 | Jun 2006 | EP |
| 1 882 902 | Jan 2008 | EP |
| 2 000 896 | Dec 2008 | EP |
| 2 017 701 | Jan 2009 | EP |
| 2 028 583 | Feb 2009 | EP |
| 2 112 586 | Oct 2009 | EP |
| 2 141 574 | Jan 2010 | EP |
| 2 175 357 | Apr 2010 | EP |
| 2 196 893 | Jun 2010 | EP |
| 2 214 087 | Aug 2010 | EP |
| 2 226 715 | Sep 2010 | EP |
| 2 284 675 | Feb 2011 | EP |
| 2 299 351 | Mar 2011 | EP |
| 2 302 496 | Mar 2011 | EP |
| 2 363 790 | Sep 2011 | EP |
| 2 375 309 | Oct 2011 | EP |
| 2 375 314 | Oct 2011 | EP |
| 2 386 935 | Nov 2011 | EP |
| 2 407 868 | Jan 2012 | EP |
| 2 420 924 | Feb 2012 | EP |
| 2 426 580 | Mar 2012 | EP |
| 2 445 182 | Apr 2012 | EP |
| 2 447 818 | May 2012 | EP |
| 2 527 966 | Nov 2012 | EP |
| 2 530 677 | Dec 2012 | EP |
| 2 541 376 | Jan 2013 | EP |
| 2 555 500 | Feb 2013 | EP |
| 2 615 535 | Jul 2013 | EP |
| 2 631 737 | Aug 2013 | EP |
| 2 674 846 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2 708985 | Mar 2014 | EP |
| 2 733 578 | May 2014 | EP |
| 2 808 764 | Dec 2014 | EP |
| 2 809 058 | Dec 2014 | EP |
| 2 813 938 | Dec 2014 | EP |
| 2 402 105 | Dec 2004 | GB |
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| H06-161647 | Jun 1994 | JP |
| H07-98769 | Apr 1995 | JP |
| H07-098769 | Apr 1995 | JP |
| H07-104915 | Apr 1995 | JP |
| H07-151512 | Jun 1995 | JP |
| H08-227341 | Sep 1996 | JP |
| H09-269883 | Oct 1997 | JP |
| H09-330175 | Dec 1997 | JP |
| H11-203044 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 2001-078137 | Mar 2001 | JP |
| 2001-202192 | Jul 2001 | JP |
| 2001-222355 | Aug 2001 | JP |
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| 2002-149312 | May 2002 | JP |
| 3085481 | May 2002 | JP |
| 2002-182855 | Jun 2002 | JP |
| 2003-157131 | May 2003 | JP |
| 2003-186597 | Jul 2003 | JP |
| 2004-054861 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-062648 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-070492 | Mar 2004 | JP |
| 2004-078957 | Mar 2004 | JP |
| 2004-086733 | Mar 2004 | JP |
| 2004-152217 | May 2004 | JP |
| 2004-288208 | Oct 2004 | JP |
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| 2005-102106 | Apr 2005 | JP |
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| 2007-264808 | Oct 2007 | JP |
| 2008-009759 | Jan 2008 | JP |
| 2008-015890 | Jan 2008 | JP |
| 2008-033739 | Feb 2008 | JP |
| 2008-516348 | May 2008 | JP |
| 2008-146453 | Jun 2008 | JP |
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| 2008-537615 | Sep 2008 | JP |
| 2008-305174 | Dec 2008 | JP |
| 2009-500761 | Jan 2009 | JP |
| 2009-110243 | May 2009 | JP |
| 2009-129171 | Jun 2009 | JP |
| 2009-129443 | Jun 2009 | JP |
| 2009-169452 | Jul 2009 | JP |
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| 2009-545805 | Dec 2009 | JP |
| 2010-009321 | Jan 2010 | JP |
| 2010-503126 | Jan 2010 | JP |
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| 2010-055274 | Mar 2010 | JP |
| 2010-097353 | Apr 2010 | JP |
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| 2010-176337 | Aug 2010 | JP |
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| 2010-181940 | Aug 2010 | JP |
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| 2010-541071 | Dec 2010 | JP |
| 2011-501307 | Jan 2011 | JP |
| 2011-028635 | Feb 2011 | JP |
| 2011-048023 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-048666 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-048686 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-048762 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-048832 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-053831 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-053972 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-053973 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-053974 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-054196 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-059821 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| 2011-070342 | Apr 2011 | JP |
| 2011-100290 | May 2011 | JP |
| 2011-107823 | Jun 2011 | JP |
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| 2011-257941 | Dec 2011 | JP |
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| 2012-027940 | Feb 2012 | JP |
| 2012-033061 | Feb 2012 | JP |
| 2012-043266 | Mar 2012 | JP |
| 2012-043267 | Mar 2012 | JP |
| 2012-053687 | Mar 2012 | JP |
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| 2012-053926 | Mar 2012 | JP |
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| 2012-073873 | Apr 2012 | JP |
| 2012-509605 | Apr 2012 | JP |
| 2012-093820 | May 2012 | JP |
| 2012-118825 | Jun 2012 | JP |
| 2012-118993 | Jun 2012 | JP |
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| 2012-168620 | Sep 2012 | JP |
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| 2013-025357 | Feb 2013 | JP |
| 2013-030050 | Feb 2013 | JP |
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| 2013-080521 | May 2013 | JP |
| 2013-093020 | May 2013 | JP |
| 2013-101465 | May 2013 | JP |
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| 2012 0103670 | Sep 2012 | KR |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200371683 A1 | Nov 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61778171 | Mar 2013 | US | |
| 61747278 | Dec 2012 | US | |
| 61688227 | May 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14856520 | Sep 2015 | US |
| Child | 16988509 | US | |
| Parent | 14536426 | Nov 2014 | US |
| Child | 14856520 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/US2013/040058 | May 2013 | US |
| Child | 14536426 | US |
