Patent Application
20190072937
This application is based upon and claims benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-171287, filed Sep. 6, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a technique for applying fertilizer using a fertilizer distributing device.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-220596 discloses a seedling transplanting machine that applies fertilizer. This machine includes a traveling vehicle having right and left traveling wheels, a fertilizer distributing device joined to a rear of the traveling vehicle, a field information measuring member that measures field information, and a control device that determines an amount of fertilizer to be applied by the fertilizer distributing device on the basis of measurement values measured by the field information measuring member. The control device corrects the measurement value, which is measured by the field information measuring member, corresponding to the traveling speed of the traveling vehicle, and the control device determines the amount of the fertilizer application on the basis of the corrected measurement value.
The amount of fertilizer to be applied on a ground surface by distribution from a fertilizer distributing device can be adjusted by varying an amount of fertilizer to be discharged from the fertilizer distributing device. However, the amount of fertilizer to be discharged cannot be varied in many of fertilizer distributing devices, and a fertilizer distributing device is generally expensive, and it therefore may be difficult to replace with a new one. In view of these circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that enables low-cost control of the amount of fertilizer that is applied.
A first aspect of the present invention provides an agricultural machine control device for controlling a mobile body configured to apply fertilizer to a crop while traveling through a field. The device includes a speed signal generator that generates a speed signal to cause the mobile body to travel at a speed corresponding to a variable value of the amount of fertilizer to be applied.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the speed signal generator may set a relatively high speed for a location at which the growth condition of the crop is relatively superior, and may set a relatively low speed for a location at which the growth condition of the crop is relatively inferior.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or the second aspect of the present invention, the agricultural machine control device may further include a growth data receiving unit, a growth map generator, a fertilizing map generator, and a speed map generator. The growth data receiving unit receives growth data of a crop at each location in the field. The growth map generator generates a growth map showing a growth condition of the crop at each location in the field, on the basis of growth data. The fertilizing map generator generates a fertilizing map specifying an amount of fertilizer application at each location in the field, on the basis of the growth map. The speed map generator generates a speed map specifying a speed with respect to each location in the field, on the basis of the fertilizing map.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect of the present invention, the growth map or the fertilizing map may be obtained in advance.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to the fourth aspects of the present invention, the agricultural machine control device may further include a mobile body route receiving unit that receives a preliminarily set route. The mobile body applies the fertilizer while automatically traveling along the preliminarily set route.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to the fifth aspects of the present invention, the agricultural machine control device may further include a variable fertilizing-result storage that stores a fertilizing result obtained from the amount of the fertilizer application and the speed of the mobile body.
A seventh aspect of the present invention provides an agricultural machine control method for controlling a mobile body configured to apply fertilizer to a crop while traveling through a field. The method includes controlling a speed to cause the mobile body to travel at a speed corresponding to a variable value of an amount of the fertilizer to be applied.
An eighth aspect of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer recording medium storing computer executable instructions for controlling a mobile body that is configured to apply fertilizer to a crop while traveling through a field. The computer executable instructions, when executed by a computer processor, causes the computer processor to function as a speed signal generator that generates a speed signal to cause the mobile body to travel at a speed corresponding to a variable value of amount of fertilizer to be applied.
[The present invention provides a technique that enables low-cost control of the amount of fertilizer applied. The present invention provides a device that enables application of fertilizer in an amount corresponding to a growth condition of a crop in a field, and the device can later be mounted, for example, on a fertilizer distributing device of a user.
Base Conditions
In this embodiment, in order to achieve uniform growth of plants or farm produce grown in a sectioned area of a farmland, necessary amounts of fertilizer application are calculated in consideration of current growth conditions of the plants or the farm produce, and a traveling speed of a fertilizer distributing device is controlled so that the necessary amount of fertilizer will be distributed. Hereinafter, the sectioned area of the farmland is represented as a “field”, and plants and farm produce are collectively called “crops”. The amount of fertilizer application is concentration of fertilizer to be distributed per unit area of the field: granulated fertilizer may be expressed in g/m2 or g/cm2, liquid fertilizer may be expressed in l/m2 or cc/cm2, and pelleted fertilizer may be expressed in number of pellets/m2 or number of pellets/cm2.
A mobile body for applying fertilizer may be a motorized body that travels by its own power or may be a trailer that travels by being towed by a tractor or other vehicle. In this embodiment, a fertilizer distributing device that is towed by a tractor is exemplified as the mobile body for applying fertilizer. However, the mobile body for applying fertilizer can also use a tractor, a helicopter, or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), each of which is equipped with a device for applying fertilizer.
The mobile body of a type that travels on a ground is equipped with an automatic steering device, an automatic speed controller, a location identifying device using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which is called a “GPS receiver”, an automatic traveling system having a speed measuring device, and a growth condition sensor. This mobile body can apply fertilizer along a predetermined route.
The mobile body of a type that flies through the air is equipped with a location identifying device or a GPS receiver, an automatic pilot, an automatic speed controller, a speed measuring device, and a growth condition sensor. This mobile body can fly and apply fertilizer along a predetermined route.
The example in
The fertilizer distributing device 20 need not necessarily be a newly developed device and can be a currently used device. The amount of fertilizer to be discharged per unit time by the fertilizer distributing device 20 is constant, and the fertilizer is distributed onto a ground surface while the fertilizer distributing device 20 travels by being towed by the tractor 10. In this case, the constant amount of fertilizer to be discharged cannot be varied in real time, and the amount of the fertilizer to be discharged cannot be varied during distribution of the fertilizer, but the set value of the amount of the fertilizer to be discharged can be varied.
The form of the fertilizer is not particularly limited, and for example, granulated fertilizer, pelleted fertilizer, or liquid fertilizer can be used. The liquid fertilizer may be used by spraying. In addition, the fertilizer distributing device may employ a structure that plows the soil and then distributes fertilizer thereto. Alternatively, an apparatus having the tractor 10 and the fertilizer distributing device 20 integrated together may also be used.
The growth condition sensor 11 performs image analysis to measure the growth condition of a target crop. In this example, light of a predetermined wavelength is emitted from a light source (not shown) to a target crop, and light reflected thereat is received. Then, color data of this reflected light is obtained, and growth data of the target crop is obtained from the color data. For example, the target crop may be spinach. In this case, light of a predetermined wavelength range is emitted onto the spinach, the light reflected by the spinach is measured, and a wavelength spectrum near the green wavelength is obtained from the measured data of the reflected light. A relationship between the wavelength spectrum and the growth condition of the spinach is obtained as reference data in advance. The obtained data of the wavelength spectrum is compared with the preliminarily obtained reference data, whereby growth data of the spinach at a sensing location Ps (x, y, z) is obtained. The growth data is represented by N-step evaluation of the growth condition. The symbol “N” is any integer of 2 or greater.
The growth condition sensor 11 can also perform image analysis to evaluate the size of a target crop, such as the size of stems, leaves, or fruits, or to evaluate the density of leaves or fruits. In one example, the growth condition sensor 11 may employ a structure that obtains a spectral image of a target crop by using a multispectral camera or by other means to obtain the growth condition of the target crop from the spectral image.
The location identifying device 12 identifies its own three-dimensional location by using a GNSS. The distance relationships between the location identifying device 12, the growth condition sensor 11, the position of a distribution port for fertilizer of the fertilizer distributing device 20, and a distance in which the fertilizer discharged from the distribution port reaches the soil in the field, are preliminarily known. Thus, the positioning performed by the location identifying device 12 also determines a sensing location Ps(x, y, z) and a fertilizer application location Pf(x, y, z) at the same time.
The automatic steering device 13 uses the positioning data obtained by the location identifying device 12, to steer the tractor 10 in accordance with a predetermined route. Moreover, the automatic steering device 13 controls the speed of the tractor 10 in response to a speed signal output from the control device 100. The control device 100 performs a process to control the speed of the tractor 10 corresponding to the growth condition of the crop in the field. The details of the control device 100 are described later.
The control device 100 includes a mobile body route receiving unit 101, a growth-and-fertilizing relationship parameter receiving unit 102, a fertilizer discharging amount value receiving unit 103, a growth data receiving unit 104, a location data receiving unit 105, a growth map generator 106, a fertilizer application amount value calculator 107, a fertilizing map-to-speed map converter 108, a speed signal generator 109, and a variable fertilizing-result storage 110.
The mobile body route receiving unit 101 receives a planned route along which the mobile body employing the tractor 10 travels to apply fertilizer. The reception of the planned traveling route enables automatic steering of the mobile body. The traveling route is preliminarily set on map data, and the set traveling route is received by the mobile body route receiving unit 101. These functions also apply to a mobile body route receiving unit 201.
The growth-and-fertilizing relationship parameter receiving unit 102 receives data of the necessary amount of fertilizer application in consideration of the growth condition of a crop in a field. This data shows relationships among variety of crop to be grown, a growth period such as a season, a growth condition, kind of fertilizer, and other parameters.
The fertilizer discharging amount value receiving unit 103 receives data of an amount of the fertilizer to be discharged from the fertilizer distributing device 20 per unit time. The amount of fertilizer to be discharged from the fertilizer distributing device 20 per unit time is constant and is unvaried during distribution of the fertilizer. These functions also apply to a fertilizer discharging amount value receiving unit 202.
The growth data receiving unit 104 receives a growth condition of the crop in the traveling route, which is received by the mobile body route receiving unit 101. The growth data is obtained by the growth condition sensor 11 and is received by the growth data receiving unit 104. The growth data is represented by N-step evaluation of the growth condition. The symbol “N” is any integer of 2 or greater.
The location data receiving unit 105 receives data of location identified by the location identifying device 12. The position relationships between the location identifying device 12, a sensing location Ps(x, y, z) sensed by the growth condition sensor 11, and a fertilizer application location Pf(x, y, z) on a ground surface of the field at which the fertilizer is distributed from the fertilizer distributing device 20, are preliminarily known. Thus, the locations Ps(x, y, z) and Pf(x, y, z) at the time the location identifying device 12 performs positioning, are also determined from the location data that is identified by the location identifying device 12. Moreover, the future locations for Ps(x, y, z) and Pf(x, y, z) are also determined from speed information of the tractor 10. These functions also apply to a location data receiving unit 203.
The growth map generator 106 generates a growth map on the basis of the growth data and the data of the location at which the growth data is obtained. The growth map provides data of the growth condition of a crop in each location in the field in the form of a map.
The fertilizer application amount value calculator 107 functions as a fertilizing map generator. The fertilizing map is a map of the amount of the fertilizer application at each location in the field. The fertilizer application amount value calculator 107 calculates a target amount of fertilizer application at a freely selected location in the field, from the data of the necessary amount of the fertilizer application, in consideration of the growth data at the freely selected location. The data of the necessary amount of fertilizer application is received by the growth-and-fertilizing relationship parameter receiving unit 102. The growth data at the freely selected location is received by the growth data receiving unit 104. This calculation is performed at every location to be fertilized in the field and thus provides a target amount of the fertilizer application at each location, which constitutes the fertilizing map. The fertilizing map has a basic unit in terms of, for example, a sectioned area of 0.5×0.5 meters, 1×1 meter, or 1×2 meters.
The fertilizing map-to-speed map converter 108 functions as a speed map generator. The speed map is map data specifying the speed of the tractor 10 at the each location in the field. The fertilizing map-to-speed map converter 108 calculates a traveling speed of the tractor 10 or of the fertilizer distributing device 20, which is necessary for applying the target amount of the fertilizer at the freely selected location. The target amount of the fertilizer application is calculated by the fertilizer application amount value calculator 107. This calculation is performed at each location to be fertilized in the field and thus provides a traveling speed of the mobile body at each location. This information of the traveling speed of the mobile body at each location constitutes the speed map. The speed map corresponding to the necessary amount of the fertilizer application is generated by using the following relationship. That is, the amount of the fertilizer application per unit area decreases with increase in the traveling speed, and in contrast, the amount of the fertilizer application per unit area increases with decrease in the traveling speed, because the amount of the fertilizer to be discharged from the fertilizer distributing device 20 per unit time is fixed and is constant.
The speed signal generator 109 generates a speed signal for causing the tractor 10 to travel at an appropriate speed, at each of the freely selected locations, on the basis of the speed map obtained by the fertilizing map-to-speed map converter 108. The speed signal is transmitted to the automatic steering device 13 of the tractor 10, and in response to this, the automatic steering device 13 steers the tractor 10 to cause the tractor 10 to travel at the speed based on the speed map. These functions also apply to a speed signal generator 205.
The variable fertilizing-result storage 110 calculates, at the time of fertilizing at the freely selected location in the field, an amount of fertilizer distributed, to each of the freely selected locations in the field, from the traveling speed of the tractor 10 and the amount of the fertilizer discharged from the tractor 10 per unit time. Then, the variable fertilizing-result storage 110 stores this calculation result as a variable fertilizing result. This record is performed with respect to each of the freely selected locations in the target field, whereby a map is generated. That is, data of the amount of the fertilizer distribution correlated with the location in the field is obtained by using the variable fertilizing results. These functions also apply to a variable fertilizing-result storage 206.
Example of Processing
The following describes an example of the processing performed by the control device 100. The control device 100 is mounted on the tractor 10 that serves as a fertilizing vehicle and is embodied as in the case in
After the tractor 10 is moved to the field to be fertilized, the processing in
First, a traveling route of the tractor 10 in the target field is input in advance to the mobile body route receiving unit 101, and an automatic traveling system is made to be ready (step S101). Under these conditions, growth-and-fertilizing relationship parameters are determined in view of the variety of crop grown in the field to be fertilized as well as the growing environment of the crop, and the determined parameters are input to the growth-and-fertilizing relationship parameter receiving unit 102. Further, an amount per unit time of fertilizer to be discharged from the fertilizer distributing device 20, which is towed by the tractor 10, is input to the fertilizer discharging amount value receiving unit 103 (step S102).
Next, while the tractor 10 is made to automatically travel along the predetermined route, the growth condition of a target crop is measured by the growth condition sensor 11 with respect to each unit area in the field to be fertilized, whereby the growth condition before fertilizing is obtained. The unit area to be sensed by the growth condition sensor 11 can be determined by an operator as desired.
While the measurement of the growth condition of the crop is performed by the growth condition sensor 11, the identification of the sensing location Ps(x, y, z) and the fertilizer application location Pf(x, y, z) is simultaneously performed by the location identifying device 12, and the data of the growth condition and the data of the locations are correlated with each other. This result is used to generate a growth map before fertilizing, as illustrated in
Next, a target amount of the fertilizer application with respect to each location is calculated from the growth data and the growth-and-fertilizing relationship parameters with respect to the each location in the field to be fertilized (step S104), whereby a fertilizing map is obtained (step S105). The generation of the fertilizing map provides data of the amount of the fertilizer to be applied to a corresponding location in the field.
In the condition in which fertilizer is being discharged at a constant amount per unit time from the fertilizer distributing device joined to the tractor, the traveling speed of the tractor is controlled to apply the fertilizer at a target amount with respect to each unit location in the fertilizing map. For this reason, the traveling speed of the tractor is calculated so that the fertilizer will be applied at the target amount with respect to the each unit location in the fertilizing map (step S106). The traveling speed of the tractor with respect to the each unit location in the fertilizing map constitutes the speed map (step S107).
The speed map is a map of the speed of the tractor 10 at the time a sensing location Ps(x, y, z) reaches a fertilizer application location Pf(x, y, z) as the tractor 10 travels. That is, the location relationships between the locations Ps, Pgps, and Pf in
As a result, the tractor 10 is controlled to travel at a speed corresponding to the speed map while being made to automatically travel along the input in advance fertilization-planned route, whereby the tractor 10 distributes the fertilizer at an amount corresponding to the growth condition of the target crop. (step S108). That is, the tractor 10 performs sensing at the location Ps while traveling, and after a delay time of Δm has passed, the speed at the location Pf is adjusted in accordance with the speed map and the fertilizer is distributed to the location Pf at an amount corresponding to the growth condition of the crop, which is sensed at the location Ps.
With use of the delay time generated by a distance Δm from the sensing location of the growth condition sensor 11 to the location to be applied with the fertilizer distributed from the fertilizer distributing device 20, the processes from steps S103 to S108 are performed by making the tractor 10 or the fertilizer distributing device 20 travel once through the field.
After fertilization, the actual traveling speed during the fertilization is extracted with respect to each unit location in the speed map. The inverse of this speed is multiplied by the amount of the fertilizer that was distributed from the tractor per unit time, to calculate an amount of the fertilizer distributed to each unit location in the field, whereby a variable fertilizing result is obtained. This result with respect to the each unit location is used to generate a map in a similar manner as in the fertilizing map and in the speed map, and the map is stored (step S109). The map of the variable fertilizing result may be fed back at the next time of fertilization to enable more effective fertilization.
In addition to the above embodiment using a mobile body that travels on a ground, such as a tractor, an embodiment using a mobile body that flies through the air is also possible. In an embodiment illustrated in
Advantages
These embodiments enable use of a fertilizer distributing device in which the amount of fertilizer to be discharged is constant in operation by fertilizing varying the amount of fertilizer application. This fertilizer distributing device can be an already owned device or an affordable device. This enables increase in a production efficiency of the crop, at a low cost.
The fertilizing map-to-speed map converter 204 reads a necessary amount of the fertilizer application, at each location in the field, from the fertilizing map that is obtained by means of preliminary measurement of the growth condition or by other means. Furthermore, the fertilizing map-to-speed map converter 204 calculates a traveling speed of the fertilizer distributing device from this amount of the fertilizer application. This information of the traveling speed of the mobile body at each location constitutes the speed map.
In this case, obtaining growth data is not necessary because the fertilizing map is provided in advance, and therefore, mounting a growth condition sensor to the mobile body is not necessary.
Example of Processing
The following describes an example of the processing performed by the control device 200. The control device 200 is mounted on the tractor 10 that serves as a fertilizing vehicle and is embodied as in the case in
After the tractor 10 is moved to the field to be fertilized, the processing in
A desired route along which the fertilizer distributing device 20 travels is input to the mobile body route receiving unit 201 (step S201). Then, an amount per unit time of fertilizer to be discharged from the fertilizer distributing device 20, which is towed by the tractor 10, is input to the fertilizer discharging amount value receiving unit 202 (step S202). Furthermore, a preliminarily obtained fertilizing map is input to the fertilizing map-to-speed map converter 204 (step S203), and the amount of the fertilizer application shown in the fertilizing map is converted into a speed (step S204), whereby a speed map is generated (step S205).
As a result, with use of the location data receiving unit 203, the tractor 10 is controlled to travel at a speed corresponding to the speed map while being made to automatically travel along the input in advance fertilization-planned route, whereby the tractor 10 distributes the fertilizer at an amount corresponding to the growth condition of the crop (step S206).
With use of a delay time generated by a distance Δm from the position of the location identifying device or of the GPS receiver to the location to be applied with the fertilizer distributed from the fertilizer distributing device 20, the processes from steps S203 to S206 are performed by making the tractor 10 or the fertilizer distributing device 20 travel once through the field.
After fertilization, the actual traveling speed during the fertilization is extracted with respect to each unit location in the speed map. The inverse of this speed is multiplied by the amount of fertilizer that was distributed from the tractor 10 per unit time, whereby a variable fertilizing result is obtained. This result with respect to the each unit location is used to generate a map in a similar manner as in the fertilizing map and in the speed map, and the map is stored (step S207). The map of the variable fertilizing result may be fed back at the next time of fertilization to enable more effective fertilization.
Similar to the case of the first embodiment, in addition to the above embodiment using a mobile body that travels on a ground, such as a tractor, an embodiment using a mobile body that flies through the air is also possible. In an embodiment illustrated in
Other Matters
In one example, a growth map may be preliminarily obtained, and a speed map may be generated by using the control device 100 on the basis of the growth map. In another example, a fertilizing map may be generated on the basis of a growth map, and a speed map is also generated on the basis of the fertilizing map, in advance, and the speed map may be input to the control device 100.
The first embodiment may have a way for an operator to steer the tractor 10. In this case, the operator performs only a steering operation, and the speed of the tractor 10 is automatically adjusted on the basis of the output from the growth condition sensor 11. That is, the accelerator of the tractor 10 is controlled by means of autonomous control in accordance with the processing of the control device 100 on the basis of the output from the growth condition sensor 11.
The present invention can be used in a mobile body with a fertilizing function.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-171287 | Sep 2017 | JP | national |
