Devices and methods for clip separation

Abstract

A device configured to cut leaflet tissue at a cardiac valve may comprise a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, the guide catheter being positionable at a cardiac valve. The device may further include a cutting mechanism routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter, the cutting mechanism configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve. Finally, the device may comprise a handle coupled to the proximal end of the guide catheter, the handle comprising at least one control operatively connected to the cutting mechanism such that the at least one control is configured to provide selective actuation of the cutting mechanism.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The mitral valve controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle of the heart, preventing blood from flowing backwards from the left ventricle into the left atrium so that it is instead forced through the aortic valve for delivery of oxygenated blood throughout the body. A properly functioning mitral valve opens and closes to enable blood flow in one direction. However, in some circumstances the mitral valve is unable to close properly, allowing blood to regurgitate back into the atrium.

Mitral valve regurgitation has several causes. Functional mitral valve regurgitation is characterized by structurally normal mitral valve leaflets that are nevertheless unable to properly coapt with one another to close properly due to other structural deformations of surrounding heart structures. Other causes of mitral valve regurgitation are related to defects of the mitral valve leaflets, mitral valve annulus, or other mitral valve tissues.

The most common treatments for mitral valve regurgitation rely on valve replacement or repair including leaflet and annulus remodeling, the latter generally referred to as valve annuloplasty. One technique for mitral valve repair which relies on suturing adjacent segments of the opposed valve leaflets together is referred to as the “bowtie” or “edge-to-edge” technique. While all these techniques can be effective, they usually rely on open heart surgery where the patient's chest is opened, typically via a sternotomy, and the patient placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. The need to both open the chest and place the patient on bypass is traumatic and has associated high mortality and morbidity. In some patients, a fixation device can be installed into the heart using minimally invasive techniques. The fixation device can hold the adjacent segments of the opposed valve leaflets together and may reduce mitral valve regurgitation. One such device used to clip the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve together is the MitraClip® fixation device, sold by Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California, USA.

However, sometimes after a fixation device is installed, undesirable mitral valve regurgitation can still exist, or can arise again. For these sub-optimally treated patients, the presence of a fixation device in their mitral valves obstructs transcatheter mitral valve replacement. These patients may also be considered too frail to tolerate open-heart surgery, so they are left with no viable options to further improve the function of their mitral valve.

Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide alternative and additional methods, devices, and systems for removing or disabling fixation devices that are already installed. The methods, devices, and systems may be useful for repair of tissues in the body other than heart valves. At least some of these objectives will be met by the inventions described hereinbelow.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Implementations of the present invention solve one or more problems in the art with systems, methods, and apparatus configured to cut leaflet tissue at a cardiac valve. A device may comprise a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, the guide catheter being positionable at a cardiac valve. The device may further include a cutting mechanism routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter, the cutting mechanism configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve. Finally, the device may comprise a handle coupled to the proximal end of the guide catheter, the handle comprising at least one control operatively connected to the cutting mechanism such that the at least one control is configured to provide selective actuation of the cutting mechanism.

A system for cutting leaflet tissue at a cardiac valve may comprise a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end of the guide catheter is guided to a position at a cardiac valve. The system may also comprise a cutting mechanism having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the cutting mechanism is routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend beyond the distal end of the guide catheter and retract into the guide catheter, wherein the cutting mechanism is configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve.

A method of cutting cardiac valve tissue at a cardiac valve within a body may comprise positioning a guide catheter, having a proximal and a distal end such that the distal end of the guide catheter is positioned at a cardiac valve. The method may also include routing a cutting mechanism through the guide catheter such that the cutting mechanism extends distally beyond the distal end of the guide catheter, wherein the cardiac valve is associated with an interventional implant that approximates adjacent leaflets of the cardiac valve, and a cutting mechanism extends from the guide catheter. Finally, the method may comprise actuating the cutting mechanism to cut at a portion of least one leaflet of the approximated adjacent leaflet.

Additional features and advantages of exemplary implementations of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of such exemplary implementations. The features and advantages of such implementations may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims or may be learned by the practice of such exemplary implementations as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the invention can be obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary delivery system that may be utilized for guiding and/or delivering a cutting mechanism to a cardiac valve;

FIG. 2 is perspective view of an embodiment of a cutting mechanism according to the present disclosure shown in use in association with a human heart;

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate a first embodiment of a cutting mechanism according to the present disclosure; and

FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate a second embodiment of a cutting mechanism according to the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Implementations of the present invention solve one or more problems in the art with systems, methods, and apparatus configured to cut leaflet tissue at a cardiac valve. More specifically, in at least one embodiment of the present invention a device may comprise a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, the guide catheter being positionable at a cardiac valve. The device may further include a cutting mechanism routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter, the cutting mechanism configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve. Finally, the device may comprise a handle coupled to the proximal end of the guide catheter, the handle comprising at least one control operatively connected to the cutting mechanism such that the at least one control is configured to provide selective actuation of the cutting mechanism.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a leaflet cutting system 100, which can include a delivery system 102 that may be utilized for guiding and/or delivering a cutting mechanism to the cardiac valve. In at least one embodiment, the delivery system 102 can include a guide catheter 105 having a proximal end and a distal end 115. The delivery system may comprise a handle 110 positioned on the proximal end of the guide catheter 105. The guide catheter 105 may be operatively coupled to the handle 110. The guide catheter 105 may be steerable to enable the guiding and orienting of the guide catheter 105, including the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105. For example, the handle 110 may include at least one control 120 (e.g., a dial, a switch, a slider, a button, etc.) that can be actuated to control the movement and curvature of the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105.

In at least one embodiment, the at least one control 120 is operatively coupled to one or more control lines 125 (e.g., pull wires) extending from the handle 110 through the guide catheter 105 to the distal end 115 of the guide catheter (e.g., through one or more lumens in the guide catheter 105). Actuation of the at least one control 120 may adjust the tensioning of a control line 125 to pull the guide catheter 105 in the corresponding direction. FIG. 1 shows the handle 110 as having a single control 120 for providing steerability. Alternatively, a handle 110 may comprise more than one control 120 associated with any number of control lines. In at least one embodiment, the at least one control 120 can adjust four or more control lines 125 to selectively control directional movement and/or curvature of the steerable portion 117 of the guide catheter 105.

While control lines or wires are described at various points in this application, it should be understood that references made throughout this application to control lines or wires may be a single wire or a plurality of wires including, or made of, steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, nickel alloy, other metals, a shape memory material (such as a shape memory alloy or shape memory polymer), inorganic polymer, organic polymer, ceramic, carbon materials, or other flexible material with sufficient tensile strength. For example, a control line 125 may be a steel cable. In another example, a control line 125 may be a monofilament suture. In another example, a control line 125 may be a multifilament suture. In yet another example, a control line 125 may be a braided suture.

It is desirable for guide catheter 105 to provide an adjustable distal end 115, which is capable of being positioned within a target body cavity in a desired orientation. Guide catheter 105 should have a large lumen diameter to accommodate the passage of a variety of devices, such as the various embodiments of the cutting mechanisms discussed hereinafter and should have good wall strength to avoid kinking or collapse when bent around tight curves, and should have good column, tensile, and torsional strength to avoid deformation when the devices are passed through the lumen and torqued or translated. Guide catheter 105 should provide for a high degree of controlled deflection at its distal end 115 but should not take up significant lumen area to allow for passage of interventional devices, such as the cutting mechanisms discussed below. Further, guide catheter 105 should be positionable in a manner which allows compound curves to be formed, for example curvature within more than one plane. Such manipulation should also allow fine control over distal end 115 to accommodate anatomical variations within the same type of body cavity and for use in different types of body cavities.

The guide catheter 105 may comprise a main body made of or including a flexible material. The main body may be made of or include a variety of flexible materials, such as thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). In some embodiments, the main body may be a polyether block amide (PEBA or PEBAX). The main body may have a constant durometer or may have varying durometer that varies along its longitudinal length or that varies in different portions of the body. For example, the main body of guide catheter 105 may be made of or include a body material having a durometer of 25 D to 75 D. In another example, the main body of guide catheter 105 may be made of or include a body material that has a durometer of about 45 D. In at least one embodiment, the body material may include PEBAX 4533. In at least another embodiment, the body material may include PEBAX 3533.

The guide catheter 105 preferably defines a central lumen, extending axially through its entire length, through which other elongate elements, such as the cutting mechanisms may be inserted for accessing a treatment site. The central lumen may also include a central lumen lining on an inner surface thereof. In some embodiments, the central lumen lining may be a protective material that protects the interior walls from damage due to another element of the elongated member moving through or within the central lumen. In other embodiments, the central lumen lining may include a lubricious coating that reduces friction between the interior wall and another element of the elongated member moving through or within the central lumen. The central lumen lining may include PEBA or PEBAX, polytetrafluoroethylene (“PTFE”), polyetheretherketone (“PEEK”), other polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane (“TPU”), polyethylene with pebble stone surface, silicone oil stainless steel, Nitinol, other metals, or combinations thereof. In at least one embodiment, the central lumen lining may include a plurality of PEBA or PEBAX materials having different durometers.

In other embodiments, the guide catheter 105 may also have an outer layer. In some embodiments, the outer layer may be made of or include a single material or may be made of or include different materials to impart different handling characteristics to the guide catheter 105. For example, the outer layer may be made of or include softer materials to promote flexibility of the guide catheter 105. In other examples, the outer layer may be made of or include stiffer materials to promote pushability and/or torqueability of the guide catheter 105. In yet other examples, the outer layer may include lubricious materials to reduce friction between the guide catheter 105 and the body lumen of the patient. The outer layer may include PEBA or PEBAX, polytetrafluoroethylene (“PTFE”), polyetheretherketone (“PEEK”), other polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane (“TPU”), polyethylene with pebble stone surface, silicone oil stainless steel, Nitinol, other metals, or combinations thereof. In at least one embodiment, the outer layer may include a plurality of PEBA or PEBAX materials having different durometers.

In some embodiments, the outer layer of guide catheter 105 may also include a radiopaque marker to improve visualization of guide catheter 105 during a medical procedure. For example, the outer layer may include a barium sulfate (BaSO4), gold, platinum, platinum iridium, iodine, other radiopaque materials, or combinations thereof on a distal portion of guide catheter 105. In at least one embodiment, one or more additional radiopaque markers may be longitudinally located at one or more intermediate locations along the length of guide catheter 105.

The curves of guide catheter 105 may be formed by any suitable means. In some embodiments, one or more of the curves are preset so that the curve is formed by shape memory. For example, guide catheter 105 may be comprised of a flexible polymer material in which a curve is preset by heating. When guide catheter 105 is loaded on a guidewire, dilator, obturator or introductory device, the flexibility of guide catheter 105 can allow it to follow the shape or path of the introductory device for proper positioning within the body. When the introductory device is pulled back and/or removed, guide catheter 105 can then resume the shape memory configuration which was preset into the catheter.

Alternatively, the curves may be formed or enhanced with the use of one or more steering mechanisms. In some embodiments, the steering mechanism comprises at least one control wire or pullwire attached to one of the guide catheter 105, wherein actuation of the steering mechanism applies tension to the at least one pullwire whereby the curve is formed. The pullwires can extend through the central lumen or through individual lumens in the wall of guide catheter 105. It may be appreciated that more than one pullwire may extend through any given lumen. The presence of each pullwire allows curvature of guide catheter 105 in the direction of the pullwire. For example, when pulling or applying tension to a pullwire extending along one side of the catheter, the catheter will bend, arc or form a curvature toward that side. To then straighten the catheter, the tension may be relieved for recoiling effects or tension may be applied to a pullwire extending along the opposite side of the catheter. Therefore, pullwires are often symmetrically placed along the sides of the catheter.

Thus, in some embodiments at least two pullwires are attached in diametrically opposed locations wherein applying tension to one of the pullwires curves the catheter in one direction and applying tension to the pullwire attached in the diametrically opposed location curves the catheter in another direction opposite to the one direction. The diametrically opposed pullwires may be considered a set. Any number of sets may be present in a catheter to provide unlimited directions of curvature. In some embodiments, the steering mechanism can comprise at least four pullwires wherein two of the at least four pullwires are attached to the guide catheter in diametrically opposed locations and another two of the at least four pullwires are attached to the guide catheter in diametrically opposed locations. In other words, the catheter may include two sets of pullwires, each set functioning in an opposing manner as described. When the two sets of pullwires are positioned so that each pullwire is 90 degrees apart, the catheter may be curved so that the distal end is directed from side to side and up and down. In other embodiments, the steering mechanism comprises at least three pullwires, each pullwire symmetrically positioned approximately 120 degrees apart. When tension is applied to any of the pullwires individually, the catheter is curved in the direction of the pullwire under tension. When tension is applied to two pullwires simultaneously, the catheter is curved in a direction between the pullwires under tension. Additional directions may also be achieved by various levels of tension on the pullwires. It may be appreciated that any number, combination and arrangement of pullwires may be used to direct the catheters in any desired direction.

In some embodiments, a portion of guide catheter 105 can comprise one or more articulating members. In this case, the at least one pullwire is attached to one of the articulating members so that the curve is formed by at least some of the articulating members. Each pullwire is attached to the catheter at a location chosen to result in a particular desired curvature of the catheter when tension is applied to the pullwire. For example, if a pullwire is attached to the most distal articulating member in the series, applying tension to the pullwire will compress the articulating members proximal to the attachment point along the path of the pullwire. This results in a curvature forming in the direction of the pullwire proximal to the attachment point. It may be appreciated that the pullwires may be attached to any location along the catheter and is not limited to attachment to articulating members. Typically, the articulating members comprise interfitting domed rings but may have any suitable shape.

It may also be appreciated that curves in guide catheter 105 may be formed by any combination of mechanisms. For example, a portion of guide catheter could form a curve by shape memory material, while a different portion of guide catheter could form a curve by actuation of a steering mechanism.

The steering mechanisms may be actuated by manipulation of actuators located on handle 110. The handle 110 can be connected with the proximal end of the guide catheter 105 and remains outside of the body. One or more actuators or controls 120 can be provided on handle 110 and may have any suitable form, including buttons, levers, knobs, switches, toggles, dials, or thumbwheels, to name a few. When pullwires are used, each actuator may apply tension to an individual pullwire or to a set of pullwires. The handle may also include one or more locking mechanisms (not shown in the figures) configured to interface with, and selectively lock into place, one or more of the controls 120.

In at least one embodiment, the handle 110 includes at least one control 120 for actuating and/or adjusting one or more components of a cutting mechanism 130. As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting mechanism 130 is configured to extend beyond the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105. In at least one embodiment, the cutting mechanism 130 is routable through the guide catheter 105 and retractable into the guide catheter 105. The at least one control 120 may control the cutting mechanism's 130 extension from and retraction into the guide catheter 105. Additionally, or alternatively, the at least one control 120 may be configured to provide selective actuation of the cutting mechanism 130. The at least one control 120 may be operatively connected to one or more additional elements of the cutting mechanism 130. The cutting mechanism 130 is shown here in generic form as a dashed line, and therefore represents any of the cutting mechanism 130 embodiments described herein.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a cutting mechanism shown in use in association with a human heart, specifically the mitral valve 205. The mitral valve 205 comprises an anterior mitral leaflet 210 and a posterior mitral leaflet 215. FIG. 2 also shows an interventional implant (e.g., MitraClip®) 220, which has previously been affixed to the leaflets in an effort to reduce regurgitation. As shown, the affixation of implant 220 to the leaflets creates a first orifice 222 and a second orifice 224 located on opposing sides of implant 220 and between the anterior mitral leaflet 210 and the posterior mitral leaflet 215. And, as discussed above, if further treatment is required in the form of the installation of an artificial, replacement mitral valve, the prior clip implant 220 must be detached from one or both of the leaflets before the replacement valve can be implanted.

As further illustrated in FIG. 2, the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105 can extend through an interatrial septum 200 of the heart. Once the distal end 115 of guide catheter 105 is properly positioned above the mitral valve 205, cutting mechanism 130 may be advanced to extend beyond the distal end 115 of guide catheter 110. In at least one embodiment, cutting mechanism 130 is configured to extend from the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105 through the first orifice 222 of the mitral valve 205 (from an atrial side to a ventricle side), as shown in FIG. 2. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the positioning of the guide catheter 105 and cutting mechanism 130 in FIG. 2 is merely exemplary and the present invention is not limited to the positioning shown.

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate a first embodiment of a cutting mechanism, designated as 130a. As shown, the cutting mechanism 130a may comprise an elongate inner catheter or shaft 300, extending from a proximal end (not shown in FIG. 3) to a distal end of the leaflet cutting system 100. The proximal end of the cutting mechanism 130a can be operatively coupled to the handle 110, and handle 110 provided with controls adapted to manipulate the cutting mechanism 130a, including advancing, retracting and/or rotating the cutting mechanism 130a relative to the guide catheter 105.

As shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, cutting mechanism 130a is positioned within the interior of guide catheter 105 during advancement and positioning of the system 100 above the mitral valve 205. As discussed below, once the distal end 115 of guide catheter 105 is properly positioned above the mitral valve 205 and in proper alignment with interventional implant 220, the handle 110 can be manipulated to cause cutting mechanism 130a to advance relative to guide catheter 105 and to pass through one of the orifices 222, 224 of the mitral valve 205, and then further manipulated to cause the cutting mechanism to slice through the tissue of one of the leaflets 210, 215, thereby cutting the affected leaflet and separating the interventional implant 220 from the affected leaflet.

FIG. 3A is a side perspective view showing the cutting mechanism 130a in use within a mitral valve 205 having an anterior mitral leaflet 210 and a posterior mitral leaflet 215. An interventional implant (e.g., MitraClip®) 220 approximates the adjacent leaflets 210 and 215. As shown in FIG. 3A, the cutting mechanism may comprise an inner catheter or shaft 300 having a proximal and distal end. The shaft 300 may be configured to extend from and retract into the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105. In at least one embodiment the shaft 300 can comprise a hypotube. The distal end of the shaft 300 may comprise a stabilizing extension 302 configured to secure the interventional implant 220 when the shaft 300 is extended distally and the extension 302 engages with the mitral valve. The distal end of the shaft 300 may also comprise an opposing cutting edge 304 configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the mitral valve. With the extension 302 in contact with the implant 220, shaft 300 can be rotated, thereby causing cutting edge 304 to cut an arcuate path through the leaflet tissue adjacent the implant 220 from first orifice 222 to second orifice 224. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the positioning in FIG. 3A is merely exemplary and the invention is not limited to the positioning shown.

The guide catheter is not shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, but it should be understood that cutting mechanism 130a is intended for use within a suitable guide catheter, such as that discussed above, to position the distal end of cutting mechanism 130a above the interventional device 220. Once properly positioned, shaft 300 can be advanced relative to the guide catheter so as to extend beyond the distal end of the guide catheter. With the shaft 300 advanced, the entire system can be advanced distally, until the distal end of stabilizing extension 302 engages the fold of leaflet tissue located opposite the interventional clip 220, which fold is created when the anterior and posterior leaflets 210 and 215 are brought and held together by interventional device 220. Once in that position, shaft 300 can be rotated to cause the cutting edge 304 to scribe an arc across the leaflet tissue from one orifice 222 to the other orifice 224, thereby cutting the leaflet tissue and separating the affected leaflet from the interventional device 220.

In at least one embodiment, the cutting mechanism 130 further comprises a wire (not shown) that extends from the handle 110 to the cutting edge 304, the wire configured to selectively provide electrosurgical energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the mitral valve via the cutting edge 304. The cutting edge 304 may comprise a material with low impedance, such as platinum iridium, silver, gold, or a combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the excision edge 304 comprises a sharp edge or other cutting means. Thus, cutting of the leaflet tissue by cutting edge 304 may be accomplished through mechanical cutting by cutting edge 304, by the application of electrosurgical energy through cutting edge 304, or by a combination of both.

Although FIG. 3A shows the cutting edge 304 positioned on the posterior mitral leaflet 215, in at least one embodiment the cutting mechanism 130a can be configured and/or utilized to cut a portion of anterior mitral leaflet 210. In either case, the interventional implant 220 may remain attached to the posterior mitral leaflet 210 thereby reducing the risk that the interventional implant 200 will interfere with functioning of the left ventricular outflow tract. Additionally, or alternatively, the posterior mitral leaflet 210 may be cut with little or acceptable risk of left ventricular outflow tract interference. In at least one embodiment, both leaflets can be cut and the interventional implant 200 removed from the patient via the leaflet cutting system 100.

FIG. 3B is a front perspective view of the cutting device 130a. As shown, the extension 302 extends distally past a distal end of the cutting edge 304. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the cutting mechanism 130a is not limited to that shown in FIGS. 3A-3B. Neither the extension 302 nor the cutting edge 304 is limited to the size or shape as illustrated.

In this and other embodiments described herein, inner catheter or hypotube 300 should preferably have sufficient flexibility as to be able to conform to bends formed by guide catheter 105. Additional flexibility to accommodate bending may be provided in certain regions of hypotube 300 by a series of laser cuts formed in the outer wall of hypotube 300. In addition, hypotube 300 should also provide sufficient compressive and tensile strength to permit forces to be transmitted through hypotube 300, from the proximal end to the distal end, sufficient to facilitate advancement and retraction of hypotube 300 relative to guide catheter 105 Further still, hypotube 300 should provide sufficient torqueability to allow a rotational force applied through one or more controls at the proximal end of system 100 to be transmitted through the length of hypotube 300 to facilitate rotation of hypotube 300 to effectuate cutting of leaflet tissue.

FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate a second embodiment of a cutting mechanism, designated as 130b. FIG. 4A is a side perspective view, and FIG. 4B is a front perspective view of the cutting mechanism 130b. Here, again, the guide catheter is not shown in FIGS. 4A-4B, but it should be understood that cutting mechanism 130b is intended for use within a suitable guide catheter, such as that discussed above, to position the distal end of cutting mechanism 130b above the interventional device 220.

As shown, the cutting mechanism 130b may comprise a shaft 400 having a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end of the shaft 400 can include a cutout area 402, with a cutting wire 404 that extends in an axial direction across the cutout 402. The height of cutout 402 should preferably be somewhat larger than the thickness of the leaflet tissue that is to be cut.

The shaft 400 may be configured to extend from the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105. In at least one embodiment, the shaft 400 is configured to be selectively advanced beyond the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105 into a first orifice 222 of the mitral valve 205. The guide catheter 105 may then be manipulated to move the shaft 400 in a transverse direction to bring cutting wire 404 into contact with leaflet tissue.

The cutting wire 404 may be configured to selectively provide electrosurgical energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the mitral valve, thereby cutting the portion of leaflet tissue. In at least one embodiment, cutting wire 404 can comprise a material with low impedance, such as platinum iridium, silver, gold, or a combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, the cutting wire 404 can include a sharpened edge. The at least one control 120 may be configured to advance the shaft 400 along a horizontal plane, thereby cutting the portion of the leaflet tissue along the horizontal plane 406, as shown in FIG. 4C.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the shaft 400, cutout area 402, and cutting wire 404 shown in FIGS. 4A-4B are merely exemplary, and the invention is not limited to the cutting mechanism 130b as illustrated. Further, although FIG. 4C illustrates the horizontal plane cutting path 406 on a portion of the anterior mitral leaflet 210, in at least one embodiment the posterior mitral leaflet 215 is cut. Further, the interventional implant 220 may be removed from the patient by cutting both leaflets 210 and 215.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to use within the mitral valve. The cardiac valve could also be the tricuspid aortic, pulmonic valve, etc. More generally, the embodiments described herein may be applied in other implementations involving removal of a previously implanted or deployed device from tissue. Further, any suitable delivery approach may be used, including transseptal, transfemoral, radial, transjugular, or transapical.

In describing the various embodiments above, the description may at times have explicitly discussed one particular mitral valve leaflet, such as anterior leaflet 210. It should be understood and appreciated, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to either specific leaflet, but instead can be used to cut either anterior leaflet 210, posterior leaflet 215, or both.

It should also be understood that the order of manipulation of components of the various embodiments as described above are provided as representative examples only, and changes in the order of manipulation that may be readily understood by those skilled in the art are intended to be encompassed within the scope of this disclosure.

Further still, in addition to the embodiments described above, it should also be understood that individual components from one embodiment could also be combined with and/or substituted for a comparable component described in a different embodiment.

Similarly, while many of the embodiments discussed above contemplate mechanical cutting of leaflet tissue by means of sharpened edges of a cutting element, it should be further understood that such embodiments could also be adapted to include suitable electrical connections between the cutting element and a source of electrosurgical energy so that such cutting elements may accomplish cutting of tissue by mechanical cutting, by the application of electrosurgical energy to surrounding tissue through the cutting element, or by a combination of both.

Also, with any or all of the foregoing embodiments, one or more components of the leaflet cutting system can also include one or more radiopaque and/or echogenic markers to aid in the visualization of such components during a procedure. For example, one or more radiopaque and/or echogenic markers can be provided on the distal end 115 and/or the steerable portion 117 of the guide catheter 105. Similarly, one or more radiopaque and/or echogenic markers can also be provided on various components of the different embodiments of the cutting mechanisms described above, including, but not limited to, such markings being provided on the distal ends of the inner catheter, hypotube, cutting blades, stabilizing extension, etc.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to use within the mitral valve. The cardiac valve could also be the tricuspid aortic, pulmonic valve, etc. More generally, the embodiments described herein may be applied in other implementations involving removal of a previously implanted or deployed device from tissue. Further, although the figures show the guide catheter 105 extending through the interatrial septum 200, the present invention is not limited to use via a transseptal approach. Any suitable delivery approach may be used, including transfemoral, radial, transjugular, or transapical.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Following are some further example embodiments of the invention. These are presented only by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Embodiment 1. A device for cutting leaflet tissue at a cardiac valve, comprising: a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, the guide catheter being positionable at a cardiac valve, a cutting mechanism routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter, the cutting mechanism configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve, and a handle coupled to the proximal end of the guide catheter, the handle comprising at least one control operatively connected to the cutting mechanism such that the at least one control is configured to provide selective actuation of the cutting mechanism.

Embodiment 2. The device of embodiment 1, wherein the guide catheter is positionable at the cardiac valve transseptally or transapically.

Embodiment 3. The device in any of embodiments 1 to 2, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises an extension configured to secure an interventional implant and an opposing excision edge configured to cut the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve.

Embodiment 4. The device in any of embodiments 1-3, wherein the extension extends distally past a distal end of the excision edge.

Embodiment 5. The device in any of embodiments 1-4, wherein the cutting mechanism further comprises a wire that extends from the handle to the excision edge, the wire configured to selectively provide radio frequency current energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve via the excision edge.

Embodiment 6. The device in any of embodiments 1-5, wherein the excision edge comprises a material with low impedance.

Embodiment 7. The device in any of embodiments 1-6, wherein the excision edge comprises platinum iridium, silver, gold, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 8. The device in any of embodiments 1-7, wherein: the cutting mechanism comprises a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, the cutting mechanism comprises a cutting wire disposed within the shaft, the distal end of the shaft comprises a cutout area that exposes a portion of the cutting wire disposed within the shaft, and the shaft is configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter through a first orifice of the cardiac valve thereby engaging the cutting wire with leaflet tissue.

Embodiment 9. The device in any of embodiments 1-8, wherein the cutting wire is configured to selectively provide radio frequency current energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve thereby cutting the portion of leaflet tissue.

Embodiment 10. The device in any of embodiments 1-9, wherein the cutting wire comprises a material with low impedance.

Embodiment 11. The device in any of the embodiments 1-10, wherein the cutting wire comprises platinum iridium, silver, gold, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 12. The device in any of embodiments 1-11, wherein the cutting wire comprises a sharp edge.

Embodiment 13. The device in any of embodiments 1-12, wherein the shaft is configured to advance along a horizontal plane thereby cutting the portion of the leaflet tissue along the horizontal plane.

Embodiment 14. A system for cutting leaflet tissue at a cardiac valve, comprising, a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end of the guide catheter is guided to a position at a cardiac valve; a cutting mechanism having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the cutting mechanism is routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend beyond the distal end of the guide catheter and retract into the guide catheter, wherein the cutting mechanism is configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve.

Embodiment 15. The system of embodiment 14, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises an extension configured to secure an interventional implant and an opposing excision edge configured to cut the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve.

Embodiment 16. The system in any of embodiments 14-15, wherein the extension extends distally past a distal end of the excision edge.

Embodiment 17. The system in any of embodiments 14-16, wherein the cutting mechanism further comprises a cutting wire that extends from the proximal end of the guide catheter to the excision edge, the cutting wire configured to selectively provide radio frequency current energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve via the excision edge.

Embodiment 18. The system in any of embodiments 14-17, wherein: the cutting mechanism comprises a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, the cutting mechanism comprises a cutting wire disposed within the shaft, the distal end of the shaft comprises a cutout area that exposes a portion of the wire disposed within the shaft, and the shaft is configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter through a first orifice of the cardiac valve thereby engaging the cutting wire with leaflet tissue.

Embodiment 19. The system in any of embodiments 14-18, wherein the cutting wire is configured to selectively provide radio frequency current energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve thereby cutting the portion of leaflet tissue.

Embodiment 20. The system in any of embodiments 14-19, wherein the cutting wire comprises a sharp edge.

Embodiment 21. The system in any of embodiments 14-20, wherein the shaft is configured to advance along a horizontal plane thereby cutting the portion of the leaflet tissue along the horizontal plane.

Embodiment 22. A method of cutting cardiac valve tissue at a cardiac valve within a body, comprising: positioning a guide catheter, having a proximal and a distal end such that the distal end of the guide catheter is positioned at a cardiac valve, routing a cutting mechanism through the guide catheter such that the cutting mechanism extends distally beyond the distal end of the guide catheter, wherein the cardiac valve is associated with an interventional implant that approximates adjacent leaflets of the cardiac valve, and a cutting mechanism extends from the guide catheter, and actuating the cutting mechanism to cut at a portion of least one leaflet of the approximated adjacent leaflet.

Embodiment 23. The method of embodiment 22, wherein actuating the cutting mechanism comprises delivering radio frequency current energy through the cutting mechanism.

Claims

1. A device for cutting leaflet tissue at a cardiac valve, comprising: a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, the guide catheter being positionable at a cardiac valve;a cutting mechanism routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter, the cutting mechanism configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises: a stabilizing extension configured to make contact with an interventional implant, andan opposing excision edge configured to cut the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve, wherein the extension extends distally past a distal end of the excision edge, wherein the stabilizing extension provides an axis of rotation about which the opposing excision edge rotates to cut the portion of the leaflet tissue; anda handle coupled to the proximal end of the guide catheter, the handle comprising at least one control operatively connected to the cutting mechanism such that the at least one control is configured to provide selective actuation of the cutting mechanism.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the guide catheter is positionable at the cardiac valve transseptally or transapically.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the cutting mechanism further comprises: a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end;a cutting wire disposed within the shaft, wherein: the distal end of the shaft comprises a cutout area that exposes a portion of the cutting wire disposed within the shaft, andthe shaft is configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter through a first orifice of the cardiac valve thereby engaging the cutting wire with leaflet tissue.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein the cutting wire comprises a sharpened edge.

5. The device of claim 3, wherein the shaft is configured to advance along a horizontal plane thereby cutting the portion of the leaflet tissue along the horizontal plane.

6. The device of claim 3, wherein the cutting wire is configured to selectively provide radio frequency current energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve thereby cutting the portion of leaflet tissue.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the cutting wire comprises a material with low impedance.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein the cutting wire comprises platinum iridium, silver, gold, or a combination thereof.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the cutting mechanism further comprises a wire that extends from the handle to the excision edge, the wire configured to selectively provide radio frequency current energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve via the excision edge.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the excision edge comprises a material with low impedance.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the excision edge comprises platinum iridium, silver, gold, or a combination thereof.

12. A system for cutting leaflet tissue at a cardiac valve, comprising, a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end of the guide catheter is guided to a position at a cardiac valve;a cutting mechanism having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the cutting mechanism is routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend beyond the distal end of the guide catheter and retract into the guide catheter, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises: a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end;a cutout area formed in the distal end of the shaft;a cutting wire extending across the cutout area,wherein: the shaft is configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter through a first orifice of the cardiac valve thereby engaging the cutting wire with leaflet tissue,an extension configured to secure an interventional implant, andan opposing excision edge configured to cut the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve, wherein the extension extends distally past a distal end of the excision edge,wherein the cutting mechanism is configured to cut a portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the cutting mechanism further comprises a cutting wire that extends from the proximal end of the guide catheter to the excision edge, the cutting wire configured to selectively provide radio frequency current energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve via the excision edge.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the cutting wire is configured to selectively provide radio frequency current energy to the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve thereby cutting the portion of leaflet tissue.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the wire comprises a sharpened edge.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the shaft is configured to advance along a horizontal plane thereby cutting the portion of the leaflet tissue along the horizontal plane.

17. A method of cutting cardiac valve tissue at a cardiac valve within a body, comprising: positioning a guide catheter, having a proximal end and a distal end such that the distal end of the guide catheter is positioned at a cardiac valve;routing an electrosurgical cutting mechanism through the guide catheter such that the electrosurgical cutting mechanism extends distally beyond the distal end of the guide catheter, wherein the cardiac valve is associated with an interventional implant that approximates adjacent leaflets of the cardiac valve, and the electrosurgical cutting mechanism extends from the guide catheter, wherein the electrosurgical cutting mechanism comprises: a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end;a cutting wire disposed within the shaft, wherein: the distal end of the shaft comprises a cutout area that exposes a portion of the cutting wire disposed within the shaft, andthe shaft is configured to extend from the distal end of the guide catheter through a first orifice of the cardiac valve thereby engaging the cutting wire with leaflet tissue,an extension configured to secure an interventional implant, andan opposing excision edge configured to cut the portion of leaflet tissue of the cardiac valve, wherein the extension extends distally past a distal end of the excision edge; andactuating the cutting mechanism to cut at a portion of least one leaflet of the approximated adjacent leaflet,wherein the cutting wire provides electrosurgical energy to the portion of leaflet tissue via the opposing excision edge.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein actuating the cutting mechanism comprises delivering radio frequency current energy through the cutting mechanism.