Patent Grant
10346030
This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that detect inputs for navigating between user interfaces.
The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touchpads and touch-screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to navigate between related and unrelated user interfaces (e.g., between user interfaces for different applications and/or within a hierarchy of user interfaces within a single application).
Exemplary user interface hierarchies include groups of related user interfaces used for: organizing files and applications; storing and/or displaying digital images, editable documents (e.g., word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation documents), and/or non-editable documents (e.g., secured files and/or .pdf documents); recording and/or playing video and/or music; text-based communication (e.g., e-mail, texts, tweets, and social networking); voice and/or video communication (e.g., phone calls and video conferencing); and web browsing. A user will, in some circumstances, need to perform such user interface navigations within or between a file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), an image management application (e.g., Photos from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.).
But methods for performing these navigations and animating the transition between related user interfaces in a user interface hierarchy are cumbersome and inefficient. In addition, these methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices.
Additionally, abrupt transitions between different user interfaces can be distracting and jarring for users, reducing the efficiency and enjoyment of the user when using the device.
Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for navigating between user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for navigating between user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display. At least a first user interface representation and a second user interface representation disposed above the first user interface representation in the stack, are visible on the display. The second user interface representation is offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction. The second user interface representation partially exposes the first user interface representation. The method further includes detecting a first drag gesture by a first contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location of the first user interface representation on the display, the first contact moving across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display. The method also includes, while the first contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location of the first user interface representation on the display and moving across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display: moving the first user interface representation in the first direction on the display at a first speed in accordance with a speed of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, and moving the second user interface representation, disposed above the first user interface representation, in the first direction at a second speed greater than the first speed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a first user interface on the display. The method further includes, while displaying the first user interface on the display, detecting an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The method also includes, while detecting the input by the first contact, displaying a first user interface representation and at least a second user interface representation on the display. The method also includes while displaying the first user interface representation and at least the second user interface representation on the display, detecting termination of the input by the first contact. In response to detecting termination of the input by the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic intensity during the input that was below a predetermined intensity threshold and the first contact moved during the input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a predefined direction on the display, displaying a second user interface that corresponds to the second user interface representation; and in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic intensity during the input that was below the predetermined intensity threshold and the first contact did not move during the input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the predefined direction on the display, redisplaying the first user interface.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a first user interface on the display. The method further includes, while displaying the first user interface on the display, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, an input by a first contact that includes a period of increasing intensity of the first contact. The method also includes, in response to detecting the input by the first contact that includes the period of increasing intensity of the first contact, displaying a first user interface representation for the first user interface and a second user interface representation for a second user interface on the display, where the first user interface representation is displayed over the second user interface representation and partially exposes the second user interface representation. The method also includes, while displaying the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display, detecting that, during the period of increasing intensity of the first contact, the intensity of the first contact meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria. The method further includes, in response to detecting that the intensity of the first contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria: ceasing to display the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display, and displaying the second user interface on the display.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display. At least a first user interface representation, a second user interface representation, and a third user interface representation are visible on the display. The first user interface representation is laterally offset from the second user interface representation in a first direction and partially exposes the second user interface representation. The second user interface representation is laterally offset from the third user interface representation in the first direction and partially exposes the third user interface representation. The method further includes detecting an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation on the display. The method also includes, in accordance with detecting an increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the second user interface representation on the display, increasing an area of the second user interface representation that is exposed from behind the first user interface representation by increasing the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display. At least a first user interface representation, a second user interface representation, and a third user interface representation are visible on the display. The second user interface representation is laterally offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction and partially exposes the first user interface representation. The third user interface representation is laterally offset from the second user interface representation in the first direction and partially exposes the second user interface representation. The method further includes detecting a drag gesture by a first contact that moves across the touch-sensitive surface, where movement of the drag gesture by the first contact corresponds to movement across one or more of the user interface representations in the stack. The method also includes, during the drag gesture, when the first contact moves over a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first user interface representation on the display, revealing more of the first user interface representation from behind the second user interface representation on the display.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a first user interface of a first application on the display, the first user interface including a backwards navigation control. The method further includes, while displaying the first user interface of the first application on the display, detecting a gesture by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control on the display. The method also includes, in response to detecting the gesture by the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control: in accordance with a determination that the gesture by the first contact is a gesture with an intensity of the first contact that meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria, replacing display of the first user interface of the first application with display of a plurality of representations of user interfaces of the first application, including a representation of the first user interface and a representation of a second user interface; and, in accordance with a determination that the gesture by the first contact is a gesture with an intensity of the first contact that does not meet the one or more predetermined intensity criteria, replacing display of the first user interface of the first application with display of the second user interface of the first application.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a user interface for an application; detecting an edge input that includes detecting a change in a characteristic intensity of a contact proximate to an edge of the touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the edge input: in accordance with a determination that the edge input meets system-gesture criteria, performing an operation that is independent of the application, wherein: the system-gesture criteria include intensity criteria; the system-gesture criteria include a location criterion that is met when the intensity criteria for the contact are met while the contact is within a first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface; and the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface is determined based on one or more characteristics of the contact.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a first view of a first application; while displaying the first view, detecting a first portion of a first input that includes detecting a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first portion of the first input, in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the first input meets application-switching criteria, concurrently displaying, on the display, portions of a plurality of application views including the first application view and a second application view; while concurrently displaying the portions of the plurality of application views, detecting a second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact; and in response to detecting the second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the first input meets first-view display criteria, wherein the first-view display criteria include a criterion that is met when the liftoff of the first contact is detected in a first region of the touch-sensitive surface, ceasing to display the portion of the second application view and displaying the first application view on the display; and in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the first input meets multi-view display criteria, wherein the multi-view display criteria includes a criterion that is met when the liftoff of the first contact is detected in a second region of the touch-sensitive surface that is different from the first region of the touch-sensitive surface, maintaining concurrent display of at least a portion of the first application view and at least a portion of the second application view on the display after detecting the liftoff of the first contact.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, and a processing unit coupled with the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display unit. At least a first user interface representation and a second user interface representation disposed above the first user interface representation in the stack, are visible on the display unit. The second user interface representation is offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction. The second user interface representation partially exposes the first user interface representation. The processing unit is further configured to detect a first drag gesture by a first contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to a location of the first user interface representation on the display unit, the first contact moving across the touch-sensitive surface unit in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display unit. The processing unit is also configured to, while the first contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to the location of the first user interface representation on the display unit and moving across the touch-sensitive surface unit in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display unit: move the first user interface representation in the first direction on the display unit at a first speed in accordance with a speed of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and move the second user interface representation, disposed above the first user interface representation, in the first direction at a second speed greater than the first speed.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display a first user interface on the display unit. The processing unit is further configured to, while displaying the first user interface on the display unit, detect an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is also configured to, while detecting the input by the first contact, enable display of a first user interface representation and at least a second user interface representation on the display unit. The processing unit is further configured to, while displaying the first user interface representation and at least the second user interface representation on the display unit, detect termination of the input by the first contact. The processing unit is also configured to, in response to detecting termination of the input by the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic intensity during the input that was below a predetermined intensity threshold and the first contact moved during the input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a predefined direction on the display, enable display of a second user interface that corresponds to the second user interface representation; and, in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic intensity during the input that was below the predetermined intensity threshold and the first contact did not move during the input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the predefined direction on the display, enable redisplay of the first user interface.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of a first user interface on the display unit. The processing unit is further configured to, while displaying the first user interface on the display unit, detect, on the touch-sensitive surface unit, an input by a first contact that includes a period of increasing intensity of the first contact. The processing unit is also configured to, in response to detecting the input by the first contact that includes the period of increasing intensity of the first contact: enable display of a first user interface representation for the first user interface and a second user interface representation for a second user interface on the display unit, where the first user interface representation is displayed over the second user interface representation and partially exposes the second user interface representation. The processing unit is further configured to, while displaying the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display unit, detect that, during the period of increasing intensity of the first contact, the intensity of the first contact meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria. The processing unit is also configures to, in response to detecting that the intensity of the first contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria: cease to enable display of the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display unit, and enable display of the second user interface on the display.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display unit. At least a first user interface representation, a second user interface representation, and a third user interface representation are visible on the display unit. The first user interface representation is laterally offset from the second user interface representation in a first direction and partially exposes the second user interface representation. The second user interface representation is laterally offset from the third user interface representation in the first direction and partially exposes the third user interface representation. The processing unit is further configured to detect an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit at a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation on the display unit. The processing unit is also configured to, in accordance with detecting an increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit at the location that corresponds to the second user interface representation on the display unit, increasing an area of the second user interface representation that is exposed from behind the first user interface representation by increasing the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display unit. At least a first user interface representation, a second user interface representation, and a third user interface representation are visible on the display unit. The second user interface representation is laterally offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction and partially exposes the first user interface representation. The third user interface representation is laterally offset from the second user interface representation in the first direction and partially exposes the second user interface representation. The processing unit is further configured to detect a drag gesture by a first contact that moves across the touch-sensitive surface unit, where movement of the drag gesture by the first contact corresponds to movement across one or more of the user interface representations in the stack. The processing unit is also configured to, during the drag gesture, when the first contact moves over a location on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to the first user interface representation on the display unit, reveal more of the first user interface representation from behind the second user interface representation on the display unit.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display a first user interface of a first application on the display unit, the first user interface including a backwards navigation control. The processing unit is further configured to, while displaying the first user interface of the first application on the display unit, detect a gesture by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control on the display unit. The processing unit is also configured to, in response to detecting the gesture by the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control: in accordance with a determination that the gesture by the first contact is a gesture with an intensity of the first contact that meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria, replace display of the first user interface of the first application with display of a plurality of representations of user interfaces of the first application, including a representation of the first user interface and a representation of a second user interface; and, in accordance with a determination that the gesture by the first contact is a gesture with an intensity of the first contact that does not meet the one or more predetermined intensity criteria, replace display of the first user interface of the first application with display of the second user interface of the first application.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display content items, a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive user inputs, one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit, and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display, on the display, of a user interface for an application; detect an edge input that includes detecting a change in a characteristic intensity of a contact proximate to an edge of the touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the edge input: in accordance with a determination that the edge input meets system-gesture criteria, perform an operation that is independent of the application, wherein: the system-gesture criteria include intensity criteria; the system-gesture criteria include a location criterion that is met when the intensity criteria for the contact are met while the contact is within a first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface; and the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface is determined based on one or more characteristics of the contact.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display content items, a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive user inputs, one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit, and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display, on the display, of a first view of a first application; while enabling display of the first view, detect a first portion of a first input that includes detecting a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first portion of the first input, in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the first input meets application-switching criteria, enable concurrent display, on the display, of portions of a plurality of application views including the first application view and a second application view; while enabling concurrent display of the portions of the plurality of application views, detect a second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact; and in response to detecting the second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the first input meets first-view display criteria, wherein the first-view display criteria include a criterion that is met when the liftoff of the first contact is detected in a first region of the touch-sensitive surface, cease to enable display of the portion of the second application view and enable display of the first application view on the display; and in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the first input meets multi-view display criteria, wherein the multi-view display criteria includes a criterion that is met when the liftoff of the first contact is detected in a second region of the touch-sensitive surface that is different from the first region of the touch-sensitive surface, maintain concurrent display of at least a portion of the first application view and at least a portion of the second application view on the display after detecting the liftoff of the first contact.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for navigating between user interfaces, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for navigating between user interfaces.
For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces for multiple different applications. A user commonly needs to access multiple different applications in succession. It is more efficient to maintain applications in an active state (e.g., open) when working in this fashion because it is time consuming and laborious to be opening and closing the same application multiple times a day. However, when multiple applications are open on an electronic device simultaneously, it can likewise be difficult to navigate through the open applications to identify and activate display of a desired application. Likewise, it is cumbersome to navigating through hierarchies with a large number of items (e.g., files, emails, previously displayed web pages, etc.) The present disclosure improves this processing by providing efficient and intuitive devices, methods, and user interfaces for navigating through representations of active applications and complex hierarchies. In some embodiments, the improvements are achieved by providing methods of navigating through a large number of items with fewer and smaller user inputs. In some embodiments, the improvements are achieved by incorporating heuristics based on sensing differences in the intensity of a contact, which does not require the user to make multiple user inputs, or even lift the contact away from a touch-sensitive surface to make a selection.
Below,
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.
Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad).
In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.
The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.
Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.
As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.
It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in
Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by other components of device 100, such as CPU(s) 120 and the peripherals interface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.
Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s) 120 and memory 102. The one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions for device 100 and to process data.
In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU(s) 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.
RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212,
I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, such as touch-sensitive display system 112 and other input or control devices 116, with peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices 116. The other input or control devices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208,
Touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system 112. Touch-sensitive display system 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user-interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system 112 and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.
In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the various components. Power system 162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 167.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168.
In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, haptic feedback module (or set of instructions) 133, text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102 stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in
Operating system 126 (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.
Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system 112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on a touchpad.
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus.
Graphics module 132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system 112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.
In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller 156.
Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with device 100.
Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).
GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contacts module 137 includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so forth.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module 138 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138, videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module 143.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music player module 146, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory 102.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150 includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular online video.
Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.
The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.
Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to deliver event information.
In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.
Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display system 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display system 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 173.
Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system 112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
Hit view determination module 172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.
Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module 182.
In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.
In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views 191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.
A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).
Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 190.
In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.
In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.
In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in video player module 145. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.
In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.
It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display.
In some embodiments, device 100 includes the touch-screen display, menu button 204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging external port 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive display system 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.
Each of the above identified elements in
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device 100.
It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in
Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in
As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a stylus contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average or a sum) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).
In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch-screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch-screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter).
As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second intensity threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective option or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.
In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location (e.g., a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.
The user interface figures described herein (e.g.,
In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria based on the contact intensity during the input. For example, for some “light press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a first intensity threshold during the input triggers a first response. In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria that include both the contact intensity during the input and time-based criteria. For example, for some “deep press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second intensity threshold during the input, greater than the first intensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response only if a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first intensity threshold and meeting the second intensity threshold. This delay time is typically less than 200 ms in duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on the magnitude of the second intensity threshold, with the delay time increasing as the second intensity threshold increases). This delay time helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. As another example, for some “deep press” inputs, there is a reduced-sensitivity time period that occurs after the time at which the first intensity threshold is met. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the second intensity threshold is increased. This temporary increase in the second intensity threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. For other deep press inputs, the response to detection of a deep press input does not depend on time-based criteria.
In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity thresholds and/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or more factors, such as user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like. Exemplary factors are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
For example,
An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold ITL to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold ITL and the deep press intensity threshold ITD is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold ITD to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold ITD is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 and the light press intensity threshold ITL is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT0 is zero. In some embodiments, IT0 is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations, a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact.
In some embodiments, described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input).
In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).
For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. As described above, in some embodiments, the triggering of these responses also depends on time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delay time has elapsed between a first intensity threshold being met and a second intensity threshold being met).
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device 100 or device 300, with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, a system level gesture is used to activate a user interface selection mode. For example, as illustrated in
Optional title bars 512 and 522 provide information about the user interface being represented in the card. For example, title bar 512 includes the name “Safari” 514 and icon 516 associated with the web browsing application user interface 502 represented in card 508. Similarly, title bar 522 includes the name “Messages” 520 and icon 518 associated with messaging application user interface 506 represented in card 510. In some embodiments, the title area (e.g., title bar) is not part of the user interface representation card. In some embodiments, the title bar is not illustrated as detached from the user interface representation card. In some embodiments, title information (e.g., a title bar, application name, and/or icon corresponding to an application) is displayed as hovering above or below the user interface representation card. In some embodiments, the user interface selection mode does not include display of title information.
In response to detecting movement 532 of contact 530 from location 530-a in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The series of
Although movement of the cards in response to the drag gesture is illustrated along a straight line in
In some embodiments, a vector component of a movement that is orthogonal to a predefined movement path is ignored when the movement creates an angle with the predefined movement path that is below a threshold angle and is accounted for when the movement creates an angle with the predefined movement path that is above the threshold angle. For example, the movement of one or more representation cards is stabilized when user input movements are askew of the predefined movement path by less than a threshold angle (e.g., 15°), to account for undesired drift in the user's movement. But, when the user makes an obvious upwards gesture (e.g., at an angle 80° askew of the predefined movement path), one or more representation cards are moved up or down on the display, in correspondence with the orthogonal vector component of the movement (e.g., so that the user can remove a card from the stack while continuing to navigate through the remaining cards).
In response to detecting movement 548 of contact 546 from location 546-c in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The middle panel of
The absolute lateral speeds of representation cards 526, 510, and 508 are relative to the actual speed of the user gesture (e.g., the lateral component of a user's contact moving across the touch-sensitive surface). As shown in the middle panel of
The middle panel of
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in the lower panel of
Speed curve 5550 is an exemplary representation of the relationship between the speeds of the respective UI representation cards displayed in the stack. A first card (e.g., web browsing card 508) displayed above a second card (e.g., messaging card 510) in relative Z-position (e.g., along the virtual z-axis) will always travel faster than the second card. In some embodiments, speed curve 550 is representative of other variable manipulations in the display of the UI representation cards. For example, the level of blurring applied to a respective card in the stack (e.g., cards displayed further down in the stack are more blurry than cards displayed towards the top of the stack), the size of a respective card in the stack (e.g., in user interface selection mode user interfaces displaying the stack as a three-dimensional representation, cards displayed further down in the stack appear smaller than cards displayed towards the top of the stack), or the lateral position of a respective card in the stack (e.g., in user interface selection mode user interfaces displaying the stack as a substantially two-dimensional representation, cards displayed further down in the stack appear closer to the base of the stack than cards displayed towards the top of the stack).
In some embodiments, the spacing of points on speed curve 550 (e.g., corresponding to placement of UI representation cards relative to one another) have a constant difference in ordinate value (e.g., the change in the z-dimension, as represented by the vertical difference, between two points is the same). In some embodiments, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Similarly, as the edge of messaging title bar 522 approaches display of icon 528 associated with the image management application on photo title bar 558 (when messaging card 510 is at location 508-d in the bottom panel of
As illustrated in
Device 100 then detects termination of the user input including contact 602 in
Figure series 6A, 6E-6G illustrate an alternate embodiment where a user views (e.g., “peeks” at) a representation of a previously displayed user interface and selects display of the previously displayed user interface, rather than reverting back to the user interface that was displayed on the device before peeking
Device 100 then detects termination of the user input including contact 604 in
Thus, in some embodiments, when a user input invoking the user interface preview mode has a characteristic intensity (e.g., a maximum intensity for the duration of the input below a predetermined threshold) a user can distinguish between reverting back to display of the user interface displayed immediately preceding entry into the user interface preview mode (e.g., when the user is just peeking at a previously displayed user interface) and changing the display to the previously displayed user interface by moving the contact associated with the gesture in a predetermined direction or not (e.g., keeping the contact stationary).
Figure series 6A, 6H-6I illustrate another alternate embodiment where a user views (e.g., “peeks” at) a representation of a previously displayed user interface and selects to stably enter a user interface selection mode, rather than reverting back to display of either of the previously displayed user interfaces represented during the user's peek.
As previously illustrated in
Device 100 then detects termination of the user input including contact 608 in
Thus, in some embodiments, the user can further distinguish between peeking and selecting one of a limited number of user interfaces displayed in a user interface selection preview mode for display on touch screen 112 and entering a stable user interface selection mode with further navigational controls based on the intensity of the contact used to invoke the user interface selection preview mode.
Alternatively, device 100 detects a swipe gesture (e.g., movement 632 of contact 630) originating at the edge of touch screen 112 in
As illustrated in
This is in contrast with the detection of a deep press input in
As illustrated in
In some embodiments, in response to detecting an intensity of contact 702 in excess of a second predetermined threshold (e.g., deep press intensity threshold (ITD)), the device automatically opens the messaging application associated with user interface 507 (e.g., the card or associated application “pops”), and replaces display of the user interface selection mode with user interface 507, as illustrated in
In contrast,
Device 100 detects an increase in the intensity of contact 802 at a location corresponding to display of messaging card 510 from
As illustrated in
Device 100 then detects a further increase in the pressure of contact 802, exceeding a characteristic intensity (e.g., a deep press intensity threshold (ITD)). In response, messaging card 510 is “popped” out of the stack and the device opens the associated application (e.g., replaces display of user interface 506 for the user interface selection mode with display of user interface 507 for the messaging application).
As illustrated in
Device 100 detects a user input including contact 902 at a position on touch screen 112 that corresponds to display of user interface representation 526. Contact 902 has a characteristic intensity below a predefined intensity threshold (e.g., below deep press intensity threshold (ITD)). In response to detecting contact 902 at a position corresponding with display of photo card 526, device 100 reveals more of photo card 526 by moving messaging card 510 and web browsing card 508 to the right (e.g., away from photo card 526) from locations 510-a and 508-a in
As illustrated in
The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in
In
In
In
In
The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in
As described below, the method 1000 provides an intuitive way to navigate between user interfaces. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when navigating between user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate between user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
In some embodiments, the device displays (1002) a first user interface on the display. For example, a user interface of an open application (e.g., user interface 502 for a web browsing application in
While displaying the first user interface, the device detects (1004) a predetermined input. For example, a double-tap or double press on the “home” button on the device; or, for an electronic device that includes one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with a touch-sensitive display, a deep press on a predetermined area of the first user interface (e.g., an upper left corner); a deep press with the flat portion of a thumb anywhere on the first user interface; or a deep press on a predetermined area of the device, such as on the left edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or touch-sensitive track pad separate from the display), in a predefined area adjacent to an edge (e.g., the left edge) of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display). For example, a deep press on the bezel or a predetermined area of the bezel, such as the bezel adjacent to the left edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., deep press 504 in
In response (1005) to detecting the predetermined input: the device enters (1006) a user interface selection mode, and displays (1008) a plurality of user interface representations in a stack with at least a portion of a first user interface representation visible and at least a portion of a second user interface representation visible. For example, in response to detecting deep press 504 in
In some embodiments, a representation of the user interface that was displayed on the screen immediately preceding entry into the user interface selection mode is displayed on the top of the stack, or as the first representation corresponding to an open application (e.g., when one or more representations of a home screen or transient application is also displayed upon entry of the user interface selection mode. For example, in
In some embodiments, a representation of the user interface that was displayed on the screen immediately preceding entry into the user interface selection mode is displayed below at least a second user interface representation (e.g., a representation for the user interface that was displayed immediately preceding display of the user interface that was displayed when the user interface selection mode was initiated). For example, in
In some embodiments, the device displays a second user interface on the display, where the second user interface corresponds to the second user interface representation of the plurality of user interface presentations (e.g., the representation of the user interface displayed when the user interface selection mode was initiated is displayed as the second representation in the stack, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the predetermined input for entering the user interface selection mode, at least a portion of a third user interface representation is visibly displayed. For example, in response to detecting deep press 504 in
In some embodiments, the rest of the representations in the stack are either off-screen or are beneath the first, second, and optional third representations, which include visible information. For example,
In some embodiments, in response (1005) to detecting the predetermined input: the device ceases to display (1010) a status bar on the display. The status bar is displayed concurrently with a respective user interface prior to entering the user interface selection mode and displaying the stack. For example, status bar 503 is displayed on user interface 502 in
In some embodiments, the status bar includes the current time, battery level, cellular signal strength indicator, WiFi signal strength indicator, etc. The status bar is usually displayed at all times with the user interface of an open application. In some embodiments, removal of the status bar provides an indication to a user that the stack in the user interface selection mode is not a regular user interface of an application, but a system user interface configured for navigation, selection, and management (e.g., closing) of the open applications on the device. In some embodiments, haptic feedback is provided when the user interface selection mode is entered.
Method 1000 includes that the device (e.g., multifunction device 100) displays (1012) a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface representations resemble a stack of cards (or other objects) in a z-layer order (e.g., positioned relative to each other along a z-axis substantially orthogonal to the plane of the display on the device to provide the effect that the cards are stacked one on top of another) that represent user interfaces of open applications, cards that represent current and previously viewed user interfaces of a single application, cards that represent messages in an e-mail chain, cards that represent different menu options in a menu hierarchy, etc. For example,
At least a first user interface representation (e.g., a card representing the application that was being displayed immediately prior to displaying the stack in a user interface selection mode, such as a mode for selecting among open applications, a mode for selecting among user interfaces in a single open application, or a mode for selecting from among menu items in a menu (e.g., a menu in a menu hierarchy for a set-top box, etc.)) and a second user interface representation (e.g., a card representing another open application, a transient application, or a home screen or application springboard) disposed above the first user interface representation in the stack are visible on the display. For example, first user interface representation 510 is displayed as below second user interface representation 508 in
The second user interface representation is offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction (e.g., laterally offset to the right on the display). For example, second user interface 508 is offset to the right of the center of first user interface representation 510 in
The second user interface representation partially exposes the first user interface representation. In some embodiments, representations in the stack are partially spread out in one direction on the display (e.g., to the right, as shown in
In some embodiments, a respective user interface representation has a corresponding position in the stack (1014). For example, user interface representation 508 has a corresponding first position in the stack, user interface representation 510 has a corresponding second position in the stack, and user interface representation 526 has a corresponding third position in the stack, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, for a respective user interface representation that is visible on the display: the device determines (1016) a respective relative z-position of the user interface representation as compared to one or more other user interface representations that are concurrently visible on the display; and applies (1018) a level of blurring to the user interface representation in accordance with the relative z-position (e.g., relative height in the z-dimension, or relative z-layer level in the stack) of the user interface representation as compared to the one or more other user interface representations that are concurrently visible on the display.
For example, in some embodiments, upon entering an application selection mode, the stack of user interface representations represent a stack of open applications, the lower lying user interface representations correspond to open applications that have not been viewed for longer periods of time, and more blurring is applied to the user interface representations for those applications than to the user interface representations of the more recently viewed open applications. In some embodiments, the user interface representation for the most recently viewed application is not blurred; the user interface representation for the next most recently viewed application is blurred by a first amount; user interface representations for still earlier open applications are blurred by a second amount that is greater than the first amount; and so on. For example, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, a respective user interface representation has a corresponding simulated absolute z-position in the stack. For a user interface representation that is visible on the display, the device applies (1020) a level of blurring to the user interface representation in accordance with the corresponding simulated absolute z-position of the user interface representation in a z-dimension.
For example, in some embodiments, the z-dimension is the dimension that is perpendicular (e.g., substantially orthogonal) to the plane of the display, or the lateral directions of the space represented on the display. In some embodiments, the level of blurring applied to each of the user interface representations visible on the display is determined based on the simulated absolute z-position of the user interface representation. In some embodiments, the variation in the level of blurring applied to each user interface representation is gradual and directly correlated to the current simulated absolute z-position of the user interface representation. In some embodiments, the stack of user interface representations move on a concave down increasing x-z curve in the x-direction, and the gap between each pair of adjacent user interface representations in the z-direction is maintained at a constant value during the movement of the user interface representations along the x-z curve in the x-direction.
In some embodiments, a respective user interface representation is associated with a respective title area (e.g., a title bar, such as title bar 512 associated with user interface representation 508 in
In some embodiments, the device applies (1024) the visual effect to title text in the title content while maintaining an original appearance of an icon in the title content, as the title area of an adjacent user interface representation or the adjacent user interface representation moves within a threshold lateral distance on the display of the title content. For example, “Photo” 531 fades away in
In some embodiments, the stack includes (1026) user interface representations for a home screen (e.g., representations of any of one or more user interfaces accessible immediately after the startup of the device, such as a notification center, a search UI, or a springboard or dashboard showing applications available on the device, such as representation 554 of user interface 552 of a home screen in
As used in the specification and claims, the term “open application” refers to a software application with retained state information (e.g., as part of device/global internal state 157 and/or application internal state 192). An open application is any one of the following types of applications:
As used herein, the term “closed application” refers to software applications without retained state information (e.g., state information for closed applications is not stored in a memory of the device). Accordingly, closing an application includes stopping and/or removing application processes for the application and removing state information for the application from the memory of the device. Generally, opening a second application while in a first application does not close the first application. When the second application is displayed and the first application ceases to be displayed, the first application, which was an active application when displayed, may become a background application, suspended application, or hibernated application, but the first application remains an open application while its state information is retained by the device.
In some embodiments, in z-layer order, the user interface representations for a home screen are displayed above the transient application user interface representations, which in turn are displayed above the open application user interface representations. As used herein, a “z-layer order” is the front-to-back order of displayed objects (e.g., user interface representations). Thus, if two objects overlap, the object that is higher in the layer order (e.g., the object that is “on top of,” “in front of,” or “above”) is displayed at any points where the two objects overlap, thereby partially obscuring the object that is lower in the layer order (e.g., the object that is “beneath,” “behind,” or “in back of” the other object). The “z-layer order” is sometimes also called the “layer order,” “z order,” or “front-to-back object order.”
In some embodiments, the transient application user interface representations include (1028) a telephony interface representation for an active call or a missed call, a continuity interface representation for a suggested application, a continuity interface representation for a hand-off from another device, and a printer interface representation for an active print job.
Method 1000 also includes that the device detects (1030) a first drag gesture by a first contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location of the first user interface representation on the display (e.g., device 100 detects a drag gesture including contact 530 and movement 532 on touch screen 112 at a location corresponding to display of user interface representation 510 in
While the first contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location of the first user interface representation on the display and moving across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display (1032): the device moves (1034) the first user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 510 in
While the first contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location of the first user interface representation on the display and moving across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display (1032): the device also moves (1036) the second user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 508 in
In some embodiments, the first direction is rightward. In some embodiments, the first speed is the same speed as the current speed of the contact. In some embodiments, this movement of the first user interface representation creates a visual effect that the finger contact is grabbing and dragging the first user interface representation. At the same time, the second user interface representation is moving faster than the first user interface representation. This faster movement of the second user interface representation creates the visual effect that as the second user interface representation moves in the first direction towards the edge of the display, an increasingly larger portion of the first user interface representation is revealed from underneath the second user interface representation. For example, as second user interface representation 508 moves towards the right on the display with greater speed than does first user interface representation 510, more of user interface representation 510 is revealed when displayed at location 510-b than when displayed at location 510-a, prior to the movement to the right, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the stack includes at least a third user interface representation disposed below the first user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 526 in
For example, the third user interface representation, below the first user interface representation (e.g., the card under the finger contact), moves at a slower speed than the first user interface representation, such that more of the third user interface representation is exposed as the finger contact moves across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display. For example,
In some embodiments, at the same time, one or more user interface representations below the third user interface representation are revealed as the third user interface representation moves in the first direction (e.g., to the right). For example, user interface representations 534 and 540 are revealed as third user interface representation 526 moves to the right in response to detection of a user input including contact 530 and movement 532, as shown in
In some embodiments, a difference between the second speed and the first speed maintains (1040) a first constant z-position difference between the second user interface representation and the first user interface representation. A difference between the first speed and the third speed maintains a second constant z-position difference between the first user interface representation and the third user interface representation. The first constant z-position difference is the same as the second z-position difference. In some embodiments, the cards travel on a concave down increasing x-z curve, where the z-spacing between adjacent cards is maintained as the cards move to along the x-direction. Because the slope of the curve decreases with increasing x positions, the cards move at higher and higher speeds in the x-direction as their current x-positions increase.
In some embodiments, a difference between the second speed and the first speed is equal to a difference between the first speed and the third speed (1042).
In some embodiments, a ratio between the second speed and the first speed is equal to a ratio between the first speed and the third speed (1044).
In some embodiments, while moving the third user interface representation disposed below the first user interface representation at the third speed (1046) in the first direction (e.g., moving user interface representation 526 to the right on touch screen 112 at a relative speed less than the speed user interface 510 is travelling to the right (e.g., as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the device then moves (1050) the fourth user interface representation disposed below the third user interface representation at a fourth speed that is less than the third speed in the first direction. In some embodiments, one or more user interface representations disposed below the fourth user interface representation in the stack are revealed (e.g., user interface representation 540, as in
In some embodiments, after detecting the first drag gesture (e.g., drag gesture including contact 530 and movement 532 in
In some embodiments, the second contact is the same as the first contact and the second drag gesture follows the first drag gesture, without an intervening lift off of the first contact. In some embodiments, the first contact lifts off after the first drag gesture and second drag gesture is made with a second contact after the second contact touches down on the touch-sensitive surface, as illustrated in the series of
While the second contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds the first user interface representation on the display and the second contact is moving (1054) across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the second direction on the display opposite the first direction on the display: the device moves (1056) the first user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 510 in
In some embodiments, while moving the second user interface representation in the second direction faster than moving the first user interface representation in the second direction, the device detects (1062) that the second user interface representation has moved in between the first user interface representation and a location on the display that corresponds to a location of the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, on a touch-sensitive display, detecting that a portion of the second contact or a representative point of the second contact (e.g., a centroid) is touching the second user interface representation, instead of touching the first user interface representation (e.g., the centroid of contact 546 is touching user interface representation 508, rather than user interface representation 510, at location 546-f in
In response to detecting that the second user interface representation has moved in between the first user interface and a location on the display that corresponds to the location of the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface (1064): the device moves (1068) the second user interface representation in the second direction at a modified second speed in accordance with a current speed of the second contact. E.g., on a touch-sensitive display, the second user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 508 in
The device also moves (1070) the first user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 510), disposed below the second user interface representation, in the second direction at a modified first speed less than the modified second speed. In some embodiments, on a touch-sensitive display, once the second user interface representation becomes the representation underneath the finger contact, the first user interface representation moves at a speed that is a slower than the speed of the second user interface representation (e.g., at a speed a fixed amount or a proportional amount below the speed of the second user interface representation, as illustrated on speed curve 550 in
In some embodiments, the device also moves (1072) the third user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 526 in
In some embodiments, a difference between the modified second speed and the modified first speed maintains (1074) a first constant z-position difference between the second user interface representation and the first user interface representation, while a difference between the modified first speed and the modified third speed maintains a second constant z-position difference between the first user interface representation and the third user interface representation, where the first constant z-position difference is the same as the second z-position difference.
In some embodiments, a difference between the modified second speed and the modified first speed is equal to a difference between the modified first speed and the modified third speed (1076).
In some embodiments, a ratio between the modified second speed and the modified first speed is equal to a ratio between the modified first speed and the modified third speed (1078).
In some embodiments, while displaying, in the stack, at least the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation above the first user interface representation, the device detects (1080) activation of a transient application at the device. For example, while displaying user interface representations 508, 510, 526, and 534, device 100 detects an incoming phone call, activating a telephony application, as illustrated in
In response to detecting activation of the transient application, the device inserts (1082) a user interface representation for the transient application in the stack between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation. For example, user interface representation 554 of user interface 556 corresponding to a telephony application is inserted between user interface representations 510 and 526 in
In some embodiments, while displaying, in the stack, at least the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation above the first user interface representation, the device detects (1084) a deletion input directed to the first user interface representation (e.g., an upward drag gesture at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location on the first user interface representation). For example, device 100 detects the drag gesture including contact 560 and movement 562 at a location on touch screen 112 corresponding to display of user interface representation 510 in
In response to detecting the deletion input directed to the first user interface representation (1086): the device removes (1088) the first user interface representation from a first position in the stack (e.g., user interface 510 is removed from the stack in
In some embodiments, after detecting termination of the first drag gesture, the device displays (1091) at least two of the user interface representations in the stack on the display (e.g., user interface representations 508, 510, and 526 in
In response to detecting the selection input (1093): the device ceases to display (1094) the stack, and displays (1095) a user interface that corresponds to the selected one of the at least two user interface representations. In some embodiments, the user interface that corresponds to the selected user interface representation is displayed without displaying any user interfaces that correspond to other user interface representations in the stack. In some embodiments, the display of the user interface that corresponds to the selected user interface representation replaces the display of the stack. For example, in response to detecting the tap gesture including contact 564 at a location on touch screen 112 corresponding to display of user interface representation 510 of user interface 507, device 100 exits the user interface selection mode and displays user interface 507 on touch screen 112.
In some embodiments, while at least the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation, disposed above the first user interface representation in the stack, are stationary on the display, the device detects (1096) a first flick gesture by a second contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to one of the first user interface representation or the second user interface representation on the display. The flick gesture moves across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display. For example, device 100 detects the flick gesture including contact 556 and movement 558 at a location on touch screen 112 that corresponds to display of user interface representation 510.
In response to detecting the first flick gesture by the second contact, the device moves the second user interface representation with a simulated inertia that is based on whether the second contact was detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first user interface representation or to the second user interface representation on the display (e.g., user interface representation 510 travels farther than the length of movement 558). In some embodiments, when the flick gesture is directed to the second user interface representation, the second user interface representation moves with a smaller inertia than if the flick gesture is directed to the first user interface representation. In some embodiments, when the flick gesture is directed to the second user interface representation, the second user interface representation moves with a larger inertia than if the flick gesture is directed to the first user interface representation. In some embodiments, if the top card is flicked to the right, that top card flies off of the screen faster than it would have if a lower laying card were flicked to the right, which would push the top card to the right indirectly.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
As described below, the method 1100 provides an intuitive way to navigate between user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating between user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate between user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (1102) a first user interface on the display (e.g., user interface 502 in
While displaying the first user interface on the display, the device detects (1104) an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., contact 602 in
While detecting the input by the first contact, the device displays (1106) a first user interface representation and at least a second user interface representation on the display (e.g., user interface representations 508 and 510 in
In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first contact has a characteristic intensity during the input that is below a predetermined intensity threshold, the device displays (1108) the first user interface representation for the first user interface and at least the second user interface representation for the second user interface on the display, where the first user interface representation is displayed over the second user interface representation and partially exposes the second user interface representation. For example, upon determining that the intensity of contact 602 does not reach a deep press intensity threshold (ITD) in
In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first contact reaches an intensity during the input that is above the predetermined intensity threshold, the device enters (1110) a user interface selection mode and displays a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display, the stack including the first user interface representation displayed over and partially exposing the second user interface representation. For example, upon determining that the intensity of contact 608 reaches a deep press intensity threshold (ITD) in
In some embodiments, display of the stack replaces display of the first user interface on the display. For example, user interface 506 including the stack replaces display of user interface 507 in
In some embodiments, the stack of user interface representations is gradually spread out with the increasing contact intensity during the input. For example, as the intensity of contact 610 continues to increase in from
In some embodiments, before the intensity reaches the predetermined threshold intensity, the stack is revealed in a “peek” mode, and reducing the contact intensity during the “peek” mode causes the previously expanded stack to retract. In some embodiments, a quick deep press input with intensity passing the predetermined threshold intensity causes the immediate display of the stack, skipping the peek mode.
In some embodiments, the first user interface corresponds (1112) to a first open application, and, at a time when the input by the first contact is received, the second user interface is a user interface of a second open application that was viewed just prior to displaying the first open application. E.g., the first and second user interface representations correspond to the last two applications open on the device. For example, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the first user interface corresponds (614) to a first open application, and, at a time when the input by the first contact is received, the second user interface is a user interface of the first open application that was viewed just prior to displaying the first user interface of the first open application. E.g., the first and second user interface representations correspond to the last two user interfaces of the application that was open prior to peeking.
The method also includes, while displaying the first user interface representation and at least the second user interface representation on the display, the device detects (1116) termination of the input by the first contact (e.g., detecting lift off of the first contact or detecting the intensity of the first contact fall below a minimum intensity detection threshold, for example, detection of lift off of contact 602 in
In response to detecting termination of the input by the first contact (618): in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic intensity (e.g., a representative intensity such as a maximum intensity) during the input that was below a predetermined intensity threshold (e.g., a deep press intensity threshold (ITD)) and the first contact moved during the input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a predefined direction on the display (e.g., rightward, in a drag or swipe gesture; or a movement of the contact to a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a position over the second user interface representation in the stack on the display), the device displays (1120) a second user interface that corresponds to the second user interface representation. For example, in Figure series 6A, 6E-6G, device 100 determines that the intensity of contact 604 did not reach a predetermined deep press intensity threshold (ITD), and the input included movement of contact 604 to the right. Thus, when lift off of contact 604 is detected, device 100 displays user interface 507, corresponding to second user interface representation 510 during the peek gesture, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the second user interface is displayed without displaying other user interfaces that correspond to the plurality of user interface representations in the stack. In some embodiments, display of the second user interface replaces display of the stack on the display. In some embodiments, a light press followed by a swipe gesture results in a “peek” that includes display of a representation of the prior user interface followed by display of the prior user interface. In some embodiments, repeating the light press followed by a swipe gesture enables a user to quickly toggle between a current view and an immediately prior view (e.g., after toggling from first user interface 502 to second interface 507 in
The method also includes, in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic intensity (e.g., a maximum intensity) during the input that was below the predetermined intensity threshold (e.g., deep press intensity threshold (ITD)) and the first contact did not move during the input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the predefined direction on the display (e.g., the first contact was stationary during the input or moved less than a threshold amount during the input), the device redisplays (1122) the first user interface. For example, in
In some embodiments, the first user interface is displayed without displaying other user interfaces that correspond to the plurality of user interface representations in the stack. In some embodiments, display of the first user interface replaces display of the stack on the display. In some embodiments, a stationary light press results in a “peek” that includes display of a representation of the prior user interface followed by redisplay of the current user interface. In some embodiments, complete release of the intensity during the “peek,” without additional movement of the first contact, causes the display to return to showing the first user interface.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting termination of the input by the first contact, in accordance with a determination that the first contact reached an intensity during the input that was above the predetermined intensity threshold (e.g., deep press intensity threshold (ITD)), the device maintains (1124) in the user interface selection mode and maintains display of the stack. For example, in
In some embodiments, a deep press with intensity passing a predetermined threshold intensity results in display of the stack, which is maintained when the deep press input ends (e.g., as illustrated in
In some embodiments, while displaying the second user interface on the display, the device detects (1126) a second input by a second contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., contact 626 in
In some embodiments, while redisplaying the first user interface representation and at least the second user interface representation on the display, the device detects (1130) termination of the second input by the second contact (e.g., lift off of contact 626, as illustrated in
In response to detecting termination of the second input by the second contact (1132): in accordance with a determination that the second contact had a characteristic intensity during the second input that was below the predetermined intensity threshold (e.g., deep press intensity threshold (ITD)) and the second contact did not move during the second input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the predefined direction on the display (e.g., the contact was stationary), the device redisplays (1136) the second user interface (e.g., the user has only peeked back at a representation of the first user interface, without toggling back.
In some embodiments, the input by the first contact includes a press input at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a first predetermined region on or near the display (e.g., the left edge of the display or bezel, for example, as illustrated in
In response to detecting the second input by the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the device performs (1140) a content-dependent operation associated with content of the first user interface (e.g., the content-dependent operation is selection or activation of an item in the first user interface, or any other content-specific operation associated with first user interface that is unrelated to the user interface selection mode).
In some embodiments, the first user interface is a view of a first application that includes a hierarchy of views (e.g., a webpage history or a navigation hierarchy). The input by the first contact includes a press input at or near a first edge of the touch-sensitive surface. After redisplaying the first user interface, the device detects (1142) an edge swipe gesture that originates from the first edge of the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the edge swipe gesture that originates from the first edge of the touch-sensitive surface, the device displays (1144) a view in the hierarchy of views of the first application that precedes the first user interface (e.g., a previously viewed webpage).
In some embodiments, the first user interface is the user interface of a currently open application. In some embodiments, the first user interface is the current user interface of an application, which is preceded by a sequence of previous user interfaces for the application that are accessible by a “back” button provided on each of the user interfaces.
In some embodiments, while displaying the first user interface of the first application on the display, the device detects a drag gesture by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the drag gesture by the first contact, in accordance with a determination that the drag gesture by the first contact occurs within an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a first predefined area on or near the display, entering an application selection mode. In accordance with a determination that the drag gesture by the first contact occurs within an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a second predefined area on or near the display that is distinct from the first predefined area, displaying a second user interface of the first application, on the display, that was displayed just prior to the display of the first user interface of the first application.
In some embodiments, the first predefined area is adjacent to the bottom edge of the display, and the second predefined area is at least a portion of the remainder of the display, e.g., an area above the first predefined area. In some embodiments, the drag gesture by the first contact, which occurs either within an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first predefined area or within an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the second predefined area, is also required to start on an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the left edge of the display or in an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a predefined area adjacent to the left edge of the display (in order to either enter the application selection mode or display the second user interface.
In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that the drag gesture by the first contact starts in an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first predefined area on the display, the device displays a plurality of user interface representations for a corresponding plurality of applications on the display, including a first user interface representation that corresponds to the first user interface of the first application and a second user interface representation that corresponds to a second user interface of a second application that is distinct from the first application. In some embodiments, display of the stack replaces display of the first user interface of the first application on the display. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface representations are displayed in a stack. In some embodiments, the first user interface representation is displayed over and partially exposes the second user interface representation.
In some embodiments, after detecting termination of the input by the first contact, while displaying the stack in the user interface selection mode in accordance with the determination that the first contact reached an intensity during the input that was above the predetermined intensity threshold (e.g., as illustrated in
In response to detecting the drag gesture by the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location corresponding to the second user interface representation on the display (1148), where the drag gesture moves across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display, the device moves (1150) the second user interface representation in the first direction at a second speed based on a speed of the second contact (e.g., movement of user interface representation 510 from location 510-a in
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
As described below, the method 1200 provides an intuitive way to navigate between user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating between user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate between user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (1202) a first user interface on the display (e.g., user interface 502 in
While displaying the first user interface on the display, the device detects (1204), on the touch-sensitive surface, an input by a first contact that includes a period of increasing intensity of the first contact (e.g., contact 702 having increasing intensity in
In response to detecting the input by the first contact that includes the period of increasing intensity of the first contact (e.g., contact 702), the device displays (1206) a first user interface representation for the first user interface and a second user interface representation for a second user interface (e.g., a user interface of a second application that was displayed just before the first user interface of the current application) on the display, wherein the first user interface representation is displayed over the second user interface representation and partially exposes the second user interface representation (e.g., user interface representations 508 and 510 in
In some embodiments, the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation are displayed in a stack. In some embodiments, display of the stack replaces display of the first user interface on the display.
In some embodiments, the user interface enters a “peek” mode in response to a light press, and as the contact intensity increases or decreases after activation of the “peek” mode, a varying amount of the user interface representation for the previously displayed application is revealed from beneath the representation of the user interface of the current application (e.g., as the intensity of contact 702 increases from
In some embodiments, before the period of increasing intensity of the first contact, the first contact has a period of varying intensity that includes both rising and falling intensities (e.g., the intensity of contact 704 rises from
The method also includes that, while displaying the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display, the device detects (1210) that, during the period of increasing intensity of the first contact, the intensity of the first contact meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria (e.g., the intensity of the first contact is at or above a predetermined threshold intensity, such as a deep press intensity threshold (ITD), as illustrated in
In some embodiments, during the period of increasing contact intensity of the first contact and before the intensity of the first contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria, the device increases (1212) an area of the second user interface representation that is revealed from behind the first user interface representation in accordance with an increase in intensity of the first contact. For example, as the intensity of contact 702 increases from
In some embodiments, increasing the area of the second user interface representation that is revealed from behind the first user interface representation in accordance with the increase in intensity of the first contact includes displaying (1214) an animation that dynamically changes the amount of area of the second user interface representation that is revealed from behind the first user interface representation based on changes in the intensity of the first contact over time.
In some embodiments, dynamically changing the amount of area includes updating the amount of area of the second user interface multiple times a second (e.g., 10, 20, 30, or 60 times per second), optionally without regard to whether or not the contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria. In some embodiments, the animation is a fluid animation that is updated as the intensity of the first contact changes, so as to provide feedback to the user as to the amount of intensity detected by the device (e.g., feedback as to the amount of force applied by the user). In some embodiments the animation is updated smoothly and quickly so as to create the appearance for the user that the user interface is responding in real-time to changes in force applied to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the animation is perceptually instantaneous for the user so as to provide immediate feedback to the user and enable the user to better modulate the force that they are applying to the touch-sensitive surface to interact efficiently with user interface objects that are responsive to contacts with different or changing intensity).
In some embodiments, increasing the area of the second user interface representation that is revealed from behind the first user interface representation in accordance with the increase in intensity of the first contact includes moving (1216) the first user interface representation in a first direction to increase a lateral position offset on the display between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation. For example, as the intensity of contact 704 increases from
In some embodiments, increasing the area of the second user interface representation that is revealed from behind the first user interface representation in accordance with the increase in intensity of the first contact includes, while moving the first user interface representation in the first direction to increase the lateral position offset on the display between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation, moving (718) the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation towards each other in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction (e.g., as the intensity of contact 702 increases from
In some embodiments, the device detects (1220) that the intensity of the first contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria (e.g., deep press intensity threshold (ITD), as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the device changes (1224) a level of blurring effect applied to at least one of the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation during the animation. E.g., the first user interface representation becomes more blurred and/or the second user interface representation becomes less blurred during the animation, as illustrated in the series of
The method also includes that, in response to detecting that the intensity of the first contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria (1226): the device ceases to display (1228) the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display; and the device displays (1230) the second user interface on the display (e.g., without displaying the first user interface). In some embodiments, the “peek” is followed by a “pop” that displays the second user interface, when the contact intensity reaches or exceeds a predetermined deep press threshold intensity. For example, when the intensity of contacts 702, 704, and 706 reach a deep press intensity threshold (ITD) in
In some embodiments, while displaying the second user interface on the display, the device detects (1232), on the touch-sensitive surface, an input by a second contact that includes a period of increasing intensity of the second contact (e.g., contact 706 having increasing intensity in
In response to detecting the input by the second contact that includes the period of increasing intensity of the second contact, the device displays (1234) the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display, wherein the second user interface representation is displayed over the first user interface representation and partially exposes the first user interface representation (e.g., display of user interface representations 508 and 510 in
In some embodiments, the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation are displayed in a second stack. In some embodiments, display of the second stack replaces display of the second user interface on the display.
In some embodiments, the user interface enters a “peek” mode in response to a light press, and as the contact intensity increases or decreases after activation of the “peek” mode, a varying amount of the user interface representation for the previously displayed application is revealed from beneath the representation of the user interface of the current application. For example, more of user interface representation 508 is revealed from behind user interface representation 510 in response to detection of an increasing intensity of contact 706 in
In some embodiments, while displaying the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display, the device detects (1236) that, during the period of increasing intensity of the second contact, the intensity of the second contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria.
In response to detecting that the intensity of the second contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria (1238), the device ceases to display (1240) the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display; and the device displays (1242) the first user interface on the display (e.g., without displaying the second user interface). For example, device 100 detects that the intensity of contact 706 exceeds a deep press intensity threshold (ITD), and in response replaces display of user interface 506 with first user interface 508 in
In some embodiments, while displaying the second user interface on the display, the device detects (1244), on the touch-sensitive surface, an input by a second contact that includes a period of increasing intensity of the second contact. (e.g., contact 704 having increasing intensity in
In response to detecting the input by the second contact that includes the period of increasing intensity of the second contact, the device displays (1246) the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display, wherein the second user interface representation is displayed over the first user interface representation and partially exposes the first user interface representation (e.g., display of user interface representations 508 and 510 in
In some embodiments, the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation are displayed in a second stack. In some embodiments, display of the second stack replaces display of the second user interface on the display.
In some embodiments, the user interface enters a “peek” mode in response to a light press, and as the contact intensity increases or decreases after activation of the “peek” mode, a varying amount of the user interface representation for the previously displayed application is revealed from beneath the representation of the user interface of the current application. For example, more of user interface representation 508 is revealed from behind user interface representation 510 in response to detection of an increasing intensity of contact 704 in
While displaying the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display, the device detects (1248) termination of the input by the second contact (e.g., detecting lift off of the second contact (e.g., as in
In response to detecting termination of the input by the second contact without the intensity of the second contact having met the one or more predetermined intensity criteria (1250): the device ceases to display (1252) the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display; and the device displays (1254) the second user interface on the display (e.g., without displaying the first user interface). For example, device 100 detects that the intensity of contact 704 falls below a minimum intensity detection threshold (IT0), and in response replaces display of user interface 506 with second user interface 510 in
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
As described below, the method 1300 provides an intuitive way to navigate between user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating between user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate between user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (1302) a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display, (e.g., in a user interface selection mode, displaying a stack of cards (or other objects) in a z-layer order representing user interfaces of open applications, cards representing current and previously viewed user interfaces of a single application, cards representing messages in an e-mail chain, etc.). At least a first user interface representation, a second user interface representation, and a third user interface representation are visible on the display. The first user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 508 in
In some embodiments, prior to displaying the stack on the display (1304): the device displays (1306) a first user interface that corresponds to the first user interface representation on the display (e.g., user interface 502 of a web browsing application, as illustrated in
In response to detecting the predetermined input (1310): The device enters (1313) a user interface selection mode; and the device displays (1312) the stack comprising the plurality of user interface representations (e.g., display of user interface 506 of a user interface selection mode including display of a stack in
In some embodiments, the stack is displayed (1316) in response to detecting an input by the first contact (e.g., a press input with an intensity above a predefined threshold) when the first contact is at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to an onscreen location other than the second user interface representation (e.g., contact 806 is detected at location 806-a, which does not correspond with display of user interface representation 510 on touch screen 112 in
The method also includes that the device detects (1318) an input by a first contact on the touch sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation on the display (e.g., contact 802 at a location corresponding to display of user interface representation 510 on touch screen 112 in
In some embodiments, the input by the first contact includes a period of decreasing intensity of the first contact following a period of increasing intensity of the first contact. During the period of decreasing intensity of the first contact, the device decreases (1320) the area of the second user interface representation that is exposed from behind the first user interface representation by decreasing the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation. For example, in response to the decreasing intensity of contact 802 from
In some embodiments, after revealing more of the second user interface representation in response to detecting an increase in the contact intensity, the device reveals less of the second user interface representation in response to detecting a decrease in the contact intensity (e.g., in response to increasing intensity of contact 802 from
The method also includes that, in accordance with detecting an increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the second user interface representation on the display, the device increases (1322) an area of the second user interface representation that is exposed from behind the first user interface representation by increasing the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation (e.g., in response to increasing intensity of contact 802 from
In some embodiments, the second user interface representation (e.g., user interface representation 510 in
In some embodiments, increasing the area of the second user interface representation that is exposed from behind the first user interface representation includes moving (1324) the first user interface representation in the first direction (e.g., moving the first user interface representation to the right to increase the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation). For example, user interface representation 508 moves to the right to reveal more of user interface representation 510 in
In some embodiments, increasing the area of the second user interface representation that is exposed from behind the first user interface representation includes moving (1326) the second user interface representation in a second direction that is opposite the first direction (e.g., moving the second user interface representation to the left (with or without concurrent movement of the first user interface representation to the right), to increase the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display). For example, user interface representation 510 moves to the left to reveal more of the representation in
In some embodiments, while displaying the stack, the device detects (1328) a drag gesture by a second contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation and that moves across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to a second direction that is opposite the first direction on the display; and (e.g., detecting a leftward drag on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation).
In response to detecting the drag gesture by the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation in a direction on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the second direction on the display (1330) the device: moves (1332) the second user interface representation in the second direction at a second speed on the display based on a speed of the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface; moves (1334) the first user interface representation in the second direction at a first speed greater than the second speed; moves (1336) the third user interface representation in the second direction at a third speed less than the second speed; and moves (1338) a fourth user interface representation in the second direction at a fourth speed greater than the second speed. In some embodiments, the fourth speed is greater than the first speed. In some embodiments, the fourth user interface representation is disposed on top of the first user interface representation in the stack.
In some embodiments, in response to a prior drag gesture to the right, the fourth user interface representation was moved off the display to the right. A subsequent drag gesture to the left causes the fourth user interface representation to come into view on the display from the right (e.g., a drag gesture including contact 546 and movement 548 from location 546-c in
In some embodiments, the device detects (1340) that the intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria (e.g., the intensity of the first contact is at or above a predetermined threshold intensity, such as a deep press intensity threshold, as illustrated in
In response to detecting that the intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the second user interface representation meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria (1342) the device: ceases to display (1342) the stack; and displays (1348) a second user interface that corresponds to the second user interface representation. For example, in response to detecting that the intensity of contact 802 exceeds a deep press intensity threshold (ITD) when at a location on touch screen 112 corresponding to display of user interface representation, device 100 replaces display of user interface 506 (corresponding to a user interface selection mode) with display of user interface 507 (corresponding to user interface representation 510) in
In some embodiments, in response to detecting that the intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the second user interface representation meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria, the device displays an animation of the second user interface representation transitioning to the second user interface. For example, in response to detecting that the intensity of contact 802 exceeds a deep press intensity threshold (ITD) when at a location on touch screen 112 corresponding to display of user interface representation, device 100 displays an animation where first user interface representation 508 completely slides off second user interface representation 510 to the right, second user interface 510 appears to be lifted from the stack (e.g., passing through location 510-b in
In some embodiments, the device detects (1350) movement of the first contact from a location on the touch sensitive surface that corresponds to the second user interface representation to a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the third user interface representation on the display, where an intensity of the first contact during the movement of the first contact is less than a characteristic intensity detected during the increase in intensity of the first contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the second user interface representation (e.g., device 100 detects movement 808 of contact 806 from location 806-b in
In accordance with detecting an increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the third user interface representation on the display, the device increases (1352) an area of the third user interface representation that is exposed from behind the second user interface representation by increasing the lateral offset between the second user interface representation and the third user interface representation (e.g., device 100 detects an increase in the intensity of contact 806 from
In some embodiments, as the user drags their finger over different representations in the stack, the stack spreads apart to reveal more of the representation under the user's finger. In some embodiments, the user can increase intensity of the contact to peek at one representation, reduce intensity (without lifting off), move to the next representation, increase intensity to peek at the next representation, reduce intensity (without lifting off), move to another representation, and so on.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
As described below, the method 1400 provides an intuitive way to navigate between user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating between user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate between user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (1402) a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display, (e.g., in a user interface selection mode, displaying a stack of cards (or other objects) in a z-layer order representing user interfaces of open applications, cards representing current and previously viewed user interfaces of a single application, cards representing messages in an e-mail chain, etc.). At least a first user interface representation, a second user interface representation, and a third user interface representation are visible on the display (e.g., a stack displaying user interface representations 508, 510, and 526, as illustrated in
The device detects (1404) a drag gesture by a first contact that moves across the touch-sensitive surface, where movement of the drag gesture by the first contact corresponds to movement across one or more of the plurality of user interface representations in the stack. For example, a drag gesture including contact 902 and movement 904 in
During the drag gesture, when the first contact moves over a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first user interface representation on the display, the device reveals (1406) more of the first user interface representation from behind the second user interface representation on the display. For example, as contact 902 moves over user interface representation 526, user interface representations 510 and 508 move to the right to reveal more of user interface representation 526 in
In some embodiments, revealing more of the first user interface representation from behind the second user interface representation includes moving (1408) the second user interface representation in the first direction (e.g., moving the second user interface representation to the right to increase the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation).
In some embodiments, revealing more area of the first user interface representation from behind the second user interface representation includes moving (1410) the first user interface representation in a second direction that is opposite the first direction (e.g., moving the first user interface representation to the left (with or without concurrent movement of the second user interface representation to the right), to increase the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display).
In some embodiments, during the drag gesture, when the first contact moves (1412) from a first location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first user interface representation to a second location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the second user interface representation (e.g., movement of contact 902 from location 902-a, corresponding to display of user interface representation 526 in
In some embodiments, while the first contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to one of the plurality of user interface representations in the stack, the device detects (1418) lift-off of the first contact (e.g., device 100 detects lift off of contact 902 in
For example, if the first contact in the drag gesture lifts off while over a location that corresponds to the first user interface representation, then the first user interface is displayed. If the first contact in the drag gesture lifts off while over a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation, then the second user interface is displayed. More generally, if the first contact in the drag gesture lifts off while over a location that corresponds to a respective user interface representation, then the corresponding user interface is displayed. In some embodiments, display of the user interface that corresponds to said one of the plurality of user interface representations replaces display of the stack.
In some embodiments, wherein the device has one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, while the first contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to one of the plurality of user interface representations in the stack, the device detects (1426) that an intensity of the first contact meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria (e.g., the intensity of the first contact is at or above a predetermined threshold intensity, such as a deep press intensity threshold, as illustrated in
In response to detecting the intensity of the first contact meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria (1428): the device ceases to display (1430) the stack; and the device displays (1432) a user interface corresponding to said one of the plurality of user interface representations (e.g., device 100 replaces display of user interface 506 in
For example, if the first contact in the drag gesture makes a deep press while over a location that corresponds to the first user interface representation, then the first user interface is displayed. If the first contact in the drag gesture makes a deep press while over a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation, then the second user interface is displayed. More generally, if the first contact in the drag gesture makes a deep press while over a location that corresponds to a respective user interface representation, then the corresponding user interface is displayed. In some embodiments, display of the user interface that corresponds to said one of the plurality of user interface representations replaces display of the stack.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
As described below, the method 1500 provides an intuitive way to navigate between user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating between user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate between user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (1502) a first user interface of a first application on the display. The first user interface including a backwards navigation control (e.g., user interface 6M including backwards navigation control icon 614). In some embodiments, the backwards navigation control is a back button or other icon that when activated (e.g., by a tap gesture) causes the device to replace display of the current user interface in an application with display of the prior user interface displayed in the application. In some embodiments, the first user interface is the current user interface of an application, whose display was preceded by the display of a sequence of previous user interfaces of the application. In some embodiments, the sequence of previous user interfaces of the application is navigated, in reverse chronological order, by activating a backwards navigation control provided on the user interfaces.
In some embodiments, the user interfaces for an application are arranged in a hierarchy and the backwards navigation control is a back button or other icon that when activated (e.g., by a tap gesture) causes the device to replace display of the current user interface in a first level of the hierarchy with display of a prior user interface at a second level in the hierarchy, where the second level is adjacent to and higher than the first level in the hierarchy. In some embodiments, the first user interface is the current user interface of an application, whose display was preceded by the display of a sequence of previous user interfaces in the hierarchy. In some embodiments, a hierarchical sequence of user interfaces for an application is navigated, in reverse hierarchical order, by activating a backwards navigation control. For example, a hierarchical sequence in an email application (including a multiple levels of mailboxes and inboxes) is navigated, in reverse hierarchical order, by activating a backwards navigation control that is provided on the user interfaces.
While displaying the first user interface of the first application on the display, the device detects (1504) a gesture by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control on the display (e.g., a tap gesture including contact 612 in
In response to detecting the gesture by the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control (1506): in accordance with a determination that the gesture by the first contact is a gesture (e.g., a stationary deep press gesture) with an intensity of the first contact that meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria (e.g., the intensity of the first contact during the gesture meets or exceeds a predetermined threshold intensity, such as a deep press intensity threshold), the device replaces (1508) display of the first user interface of the first application with display of a plurality of representations of user interfaces of the first application, including a representation of the first user interface and a representation of a second user interface. For example, device 100 determines that contact 612 includes an intensity satisfying a deep press intensity threshold, and in response, displays user interface representations 508, 618, and 622 of previous displayed web browsing user interfaces 502, 616, and 620, respectively, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, rather than requiring the deep press gesture to be on the backwards navigation control, the deep press gesture is made on an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the left edge of the display or in an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to an area adjacent to the left edge of the display. In some embodiments, rather than requiring the deep press gesture to be on an area of the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the backwards navigation control, the deep press gesture is made anywhere on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the gesture by the first contact is made with the flat portion of a thumb.
In response to detecting the gesture by the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control (1506): in accordance with a determination that the gesture by the first contact is a gesture (e.g., a tap gesture) with an intensity of the first contact that does not meet the one or more predetermined intensity criteria (e.g., the intensity of the first contact during the gesture remains below the predetermined threshold intensity), the device replaces display (1510) of the first user interface of the first application with display of the second user interface of the first application (e.g., without displaying other user interfaces in the first application besides the second user interface). For example, device 100 determines that contact 624 does not include an intensity satisfying a deep press intensity threshold, and in response, displays user interface 616, corresponding to a web browsing user interface displayed prior to display of web browsing user interface 502, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the second user interface representation corresponds (1512) to a user interface in the first application that was displayed just prior to the display of the first user interface of the first application.
In some embodiments, the user interfaces in the first application are arranged in a hierarchy, and the second user interface corresponds (1514) to a user interface in the hierarchy that is adjacent to and higher than the first user interface.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
As described below, the method 2400 provides an intuitive way to navigate between user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating between user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate between user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (2402), on the display, a user interface for an application. The device detects (2404) an edge input that includes detecting a change in a characteristic intensity of a contact proximate to an edge of the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the edge input: in accordance with a determination that the edge input meets system-gesture criteria, the device performs (2406) an operation that is independent of the application (e.g., detection of the system-gesture criteria overrides detection of the application-gesture criteria; e.g., the operation that is independent of the application is performed even when the application-gesture criteria is met simultaneously). The system-gesture criteria include intensity criteria. In some embodiments, the intensity criteria are met when the characteristic intensity of the contact is above a first intensity threshold (e.g., a light press “ITL” threshold). The system-gesture criteria include a location criterion that is met when the intensity criteria for the contact are met while (a predetermined portion of) the contact is within a first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a region that may or may not include a portion of the touch-sensitive surface). The first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface is determined based on one or more characteristics of the contact.
In some embodiments, the change in the characteristic intensity of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface is (2408) detected at a location that corresponds to a respective operation in the application.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the edge input: in accordance with a determination that the edge input meets application-gesture criteria and does not meet the system-gesture criteria, the device performs (2410) the respective operation in the application instead of performing the operation that is independent of the application. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the edge input does not meet the system-gesture criteria and does not meet the application-gesture criteria, the device forgoes performing the operation that is independent of the application and the respective operation in the application.
In some embodiments, the intensity criteria is (2412) met when: the (detected) characteristic intensity of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface is above a first intensity threshold; and the (detected) characteristic intensity of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface is below a second intensity threshold. In some embodiments, detection of an increase in the characteristic intensity of the input above the second intensity threshold invokes the multitasking UI without requiring movement of the contact.
In some embodiments, the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface has (2414) first boundaries (e.g., a first size and location) when the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface has first spatial properties (e.g., is a large, oblong contact characteristic of a flat finger input) and second boundaries, different from the first boundaries (e.g., a second size and/or location) when the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface has second spatial properties (e.g., is a small, round contact characteristic of a fingertip input). In some embodiments, the size and/or location of the region changes dynamically with the size of the contact. In some embodiments, the contact is categorized and one of a plurality of regions of different size and/or shape is selected based on the category of the contact.
In some embodiments, detecting the edge input includes (2416): detecting a first portion of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface; and extrapolating, based on the first portion of the contact, a second portion of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface that extends beyond the edge of the touch sensitive surface, where the location of the contact, for the purposes of satisfying the location criteria, is determined based on at least in part on the extrapolated second portion of the contact (e.g., determining a location of the second portion of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface with a maximum distance from the edge of the touch-sensitive surface based on a projection of the location of the second portion of the contact) (e.g., the contact is projected to the left and the location determination is based on a left most portion of the contact).
In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface has first spatial properties, the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface is (2418) located entirely off of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., located in a region that starts outside of the touch-sensitive surface and extends away from the edge of the touch-sensitive surface at which the first portion of the first contact was detected, such that the determination of whether or not the contact is within the first region is based on the extrapolated second portion of the contact that extends beyond an edge of the touch-sensitive surface); and in accordance with a determination that the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface has second spatial properties, the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface includes a first portion located on the touch-sensitive surface, proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface, and a second portion located off of the touch-sensitive surface, extending away from the edge of the touch sensitive surface (e.g., located in a region that starts within the touch-sensitive surface but extends off of the touch-sensitive surface away from the edge of the touch-sensitive surface at which the first portion of the first contact was detected, such that the determination of whether or not the contact is within the first region can be based on either the extrapolated second portion of the contact that extends beyond an edge of the touch-sensitive surface or on a portion of the contact that is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., if the contact is detected entirely on the touch-sensitive surface)).
In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface has first spatial properties, the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface is (2420) located entirely off of the touch-sensitive surface, extending away from a first boundary located at a fixed distance from the edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., located in a region that starts outside of the touch-sensitive surface and extends away from the edge of the touch-sensitive surface at which the first portion of the first contact was detected, such that the determination of whether or not the contact is within the first region is based on the extrapolated second portion of the contact that extends beyond an edge of the touch-sensitive surface); and in accordance with a determination that the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface has second spatial properties, the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface is located entirely off of the touch-sensitive surface, extending away from a second boundary located at a second fixed distance from the edge of the touch-sensitive surface, where the second fixed distance is shorter than the first fixed distance (e.g., the boundary corresponding to a flat finger input is closer to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface than the boundary corresponding to a fingertip input).
In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a portion (e.g., the second portion) of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface extends beyond the edge of the touch-sensitive surface, the location of the contact is (2422) a location of the (second) portion of the contact that extends beyond the edge of the touch-sensitive surface farthest from the edge of the touch-sensitive surface, based on a projection of the location of the (second) portion of the contact that extends beyond the edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., when the contact extends beyond the touch-sensitive surface, the location of the contact is defined as the point farthest from the edge.); and in accordance with a determination that no portion of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface extends beyond the edge of the touch-sensitive surface, the location of the contact is a location of the contact closest to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., when the contact is entirely on the touch-sensitive surface, the location of the contact is defined as the point closest to the edge. In some embodiments, the location of the contact is defined as an average location of multiple points on the leading (e.g., left) edge of the contact.). In some embodiments, the location of the contact is defined as a centroid of the contact.
In some embodiments, the one or more characteristics, upon which the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface is based, include (2424) a size of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a contact shape characteristic of a fingertip input invokes a more stringent activation region than a contact shape characteristic of a flat finger input).
In some embodiments, the size of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface is (2426) based on one or more of: a measure of the capacitance of the contact, a shape of the contact, and an area of the contact (e.g., a flat thumb is indicated by a larger signal total which is a normalized sum of the capacitance of the contact (e.g., how solidly is contact being made with the touch-sensitive surface), a larger geomean radius √((major axis)2+(minor axis)2) (e.g., which indicates the area of the contact and is larger for more oblong contacts), and a larger minor radius (e.g., which indicates whether the finger is laying flat on the touch-sensitive surface or not)).
In some embodiments, a difference in the first boundaries of the first region and the second boundaries of the first region is (2428) greater near a central portion of the edge of the touch-sensitive surface and is smaller near a distal portion of the edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the distance between a boundary of the first region and a boundary of the second region decreases toward the corner of the touch-sensitive surface). In some embodiments, the first boundaries of the first region and the second boundaries of the first region coincide within a predetermined distance from the corner of the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, when the contact proximate to the edge of the screen has second spatial properties: in accordance with a determination that the location of the contact is proximate to a corner of the touch-sensitive surface, the first region has a second size that is the same as the first size (e.g., the expanded activation region is not available at the corners of the touch-sensitive surface to avoid accidental activation by the user's palm when reaching across the device); and, in accordance with a determination that the location of the contact is not proximate to a corner of the touch-sensitive surface, the first region has a second size that is larger than the first size.
In some embodiments, the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface has (2430) a first or second size (e.g., dependent upon the size of the contact) when the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface is moving at a speed above a first speed threshold (e.g., an input parameter detected above a given threshold includes input parameters that are detected at the given threshold (e.g., “above” means “at or above”)) and a third size when the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface is moving at a speed below the first speed threshold. In some embodiments, the touch must start within a first region (e.g., 5 mm) and the increase in the characteristic intensity above the intensity threshold must be detected while the contact is moving above the speed threshold and within a second region (e.g., 20 mm). In some embodiments (e.g., where the application associates the location with an edge swipe operation), if the contact does not meet the system gesture criteria, the device performs an application-specific operation (e.g., navigation within the application).
In some embodiments, the system-gesture criteria further include (2432) direction criteria specifying a predetermined direction of motion on the touch-sensitive surface, where the direction criteria is met when the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface moves in the predetermined direction on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., more vertical movement than horizontal movement).
In some embodiments, after initiating performance of the operation that is independent of the application: the device detects (2434) movement, on the touch-sensitive surface, of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that the movement of the contact is in the predetermined direction, the device continues performance of the operation that is independent of the application; and in accordance with a determination that the movement of the contact is in a direction other than the predetermined direction, the device terminates performance of the operation that is independent of the application.
In some embodiments, the system-gesture criteria further include (2436) a failure condition that prevents the system-gesture criteria from being met when the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface moves outside of a second region (e.g., more than 20 mm away from the edge) relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., on the touch-sensitive surface) before the system-gesture criteria are met (e.g., the system-gesture criteria cannot be met even if the contact moves back within the region). For example, prior to initiating performance of the operation that is independent of the application: the device detects movement, on the touch-sensitive surface, of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the movement of the contact, in accordance with a determination that the contact moved outside a second region relative to the touch sensitive surface, the device prevents the system-gesture criteria from being met (e.g., the device prevents performance of the operation that is independent of the application). While preventing the system gesture criteria from being met, the device detects termination of the input (e.g., including liftoff of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface); and, in response to detecting termination of the input, the device ceases to prevent the system gesture-gesture criteria from being met.
In some embodiments, the system-gesture criteria include (2438) a requirement (e.g., an additional requirement) that the characteristic intensity of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface increases from an intensity below an intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the intensity threshold while the contact is within the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the system-gesture criteria are not met when the characteristic intensity of the contact is increased above the intensity threshold while the contact is outside of the first region and the contact is then moved into the first region without decreasing the characteristic intensity of the contact below the intensity threshold).
In some embodiments, the intensity criteria vary (2440) based on time (e.g., relative to first detection of the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface or detection of the change in intensity of the contact; e.g., 150 g addition to the intensity threshold for first 100 ms after touchdown).
In some embodiments, the operation that is independent of the application (e.g., the system operation) is (2442) an operation for navigation between applications of the electronic device (e.g., a multitasking operation; e.g., switching to a different/prior application or entering a multitasking user interface).
In some embodiments, the respective operation in the application is (2444) a key press operation (e.g., a character insertion operation for a keyboard, or a keyboard switching operation, or a shift key activation option).
In some embodiments, the respective operation in the application is (2446) a page switching operation (e.g., next page, previous page, etc).
In some embodiments, the respective operation in the application is (2448) for navigation within a hierarchy associated with the application (e.g., between levels of an application (e.g., song v. playlist) or history of an application (e.g., back and forward within a web browsing history)).
In some embodiments, the respective operation in the application is (2450) a preview operation (e.g., peek and pop for a link or row in a list).
In some embodiments, the respective operation in the application is (2452) a menu display operation (e.g., quick action or contact menu).
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
As described below, the method 2500 provides an intuitive way to navigate between user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating between user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate between user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (2502), on the display, a first view of a first application. While displaying the first view, the device detects (2504) a first portion of a first input that includes detecting a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the first portion of the first input, in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the first input meets application-switching criteria (e.g., including intensity criteria (e.g., “peek” intensity) and a location criterion (e.g., proximate to the edge of the touch sensitive surface) or an intensity-based edge swipe heuristic such as that described above with reference to method 2400), the device concurrently displays (2506), on the display, portions of a plurality of application views including the first application view and a second application view (and, optionally, ceasing to display another portion of the first application view (e.g., by sliding a portion of the first application view off of the display)). While concurrently displaying the portions of the plurality of application views, the device detects (2508) a second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact. In response to detecting the second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the first input meets first-view display criteria, where the first-view display criteria include a criterion that is met when the liftoff of the first contact is detected in a first region of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the portion proximate to the left edge of the touch sensitive surface), the device ceases (2510) to display the portion of the second application view and displays the (entire) first application view on the display; and in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the first input meets multi-view display criteria, where the multi-view display criteria includes a criterion that is met when the liftoff of the first contact is detected in a second region of the touch-sensitive surface that is different from the first region of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the middle portion of the touch sensitive surface), the device maintains concurrent display of at least a portion of the first application view and at least a portion of the second application view on the display after detecting the liftoff of the first contact.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the first input meets second-view display criteria, where the second-view display criteria includes a criterion that is met when the liftoff of the first contact is detected in a third region of the touch-sensitive surface that is different from the first region of the touch-sensitive surface and the second region of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the portion proximate to the right edge of the touch sensitive surface), the device ceases (2512) to display the first application view and displays the (entire) second application view on the display.
In some embodiments, after detecting the first portion of the first input that includes detecting the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, and before detecting the second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact: the device detects (2514) movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the movement of the first contact, in accordance with a determination that the first contact moves into the second region of the touch-sensitive surface, the device decreases respective sizes of the plurality of application views including the first application view and the second application view. In some embodiments, the sizes of the application views are decreased dynamically with continued movement of the contact across the second region of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., there is a correlation between how far across the second region the contact has traveled and the size of the application views). In some embodiments, decreasing the size of the application views when the contact is in the second region of the touch-sensitive surface indicates to the user that lift-off of the contact in the second region will invoke the multitasking user interface. In some embodiments, the portion of the second application view contracts and moves in a direction of the movement of the contact in the second region (e.g., simulating dynamic contraction and sliding of the application “card” away from the “stack”). In some embodiments, a distance between two or more of the application views changes depending on movement of the first contact (e.g., application views other than the top application view move apart in addition to decreasing in size as the first contact moves across the display.
In some embodiments, while decreasing respective sizes of the plurality of application views including the first application view and the second application view: the device detects (2516) continued movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the continued movement of the first contact, in accordance with a determination that the first contact moves into the third region of the touch-sensitive surface, the device increases respective sizes of the plurality of application views including the first application view and the second application view. In some embodiments, the sizes of the application views are increased dynamically with continued movement of the contact across the third region of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., there is a correlation between how far across the third region the contact has traveled and the size of the application views). In some embodiments, increasing the size of the application views when the contact is in the third region of the touch-sensitive surface indicates to the user that lift-off of the contact in the third region will activate the application associated with the second application view (e.g., switch to the previous application). In some embodiments, the portion of the second application view expands and moves in a direction opposite movement of the contact in the third region (e.g., simulating dynamic expansion of the second application view into the user interface for the second application). In some embodiments, a distance between two or more of the application views changes depending on movement of the first contact (e.g., application views other than the top application view move together in addition to increasing in size as the first contact continues to move across the display.
In some embodiments, after detecting the first portion of the first input that includes detecting a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, and before detecting the second portion of the first input that includes liftoff of the first contact: the device detects (2518) movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the movement of the first contact, in accordance with a determination that the first contact crosses a boundary between two respective regions on the touch-sensitive surface, the device provides a tactile output. In some embodiments, the device provides haptic feedback when the contact moves into the third region of the touch-sensitive surface from the second region of the touch-sensitive region, but not when the contact moves back from the third region to the second region.
In some embodiments, display of respective portions of the plurality of application views are (2520) partially overlapping, including that the displayed portion of the first application view partially overlaps the displayed portion of the second application view.
In some embodiments, the first application view and the second application view are (2522) views of the same application (e.g., web page tabs).
In some embodiments, the first application view is (2524) a view of a first application and the second application view is a view of a second application that is different from the first application.
In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the first input meets multi-view display criteria, where the multi-view display criteria include a criterion that is met when the liftoff of the first contact is detected in a second region of the touch-sensitive surface that is different from the first region of the touch-sensitive surface, maintaining concurrent display of at least a portion of the first application view and at least a portion of the second application view on the display includes (2526): entering a user interface selection mode; and displaying a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display, including the at least a portion of the first application view and at least a portion of the second application view, where: at least a first user interface representation, corresponding to the at least a portion of the second application view, and at least a second user interface representation, corresponding to the at least a portion of the first application view and disposed above the first user interface representation in the stack, are visible on the display, the second user interface representation is offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction (e.g., laterally offset to the right on the display), and the second user interface representation partially exposes the first user interface representation. In some embodiments, representations in the stack are partially spread out in one direction on the display (e.g., to the right, as shown in
In some embodiments, while in the user interface selection mode: the device detects (2528) a second input including a drag gesture by a second contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location of the first user interface representation on the display, the second contact moving across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display; and, while the second contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location of the first user interface representation on the display and moving across the touch-sensitive surface in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display: the device moves the first user interface representation in the first direction on the display at a first speed in accordance with a speed of the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and the device moves the second user interface representation, disposed above the first user interface representation, in the first direction at a second speed greater than the first speed. For example, with respect to moving the first user interface representation, on a touch-sensitive display, the card or other representation under the finger contact moves with the same speed as the finger contact; and on a display coupled to a track pad, the card or other representation at the location corresponding to the location of the contact moves at an onscreen speed that corresponds to (or is based on) the speed of the finger contact on the track pad. In some embodiments, a focus selector is shown on the display to indicate the onscreen location that corresponds to the location of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the focus selector may be represented by a cursor, a movable icon, or visual differentiators that separate an onscreen object (e.g., a user interface representation) from its peers that do not have the focus. In another example, with respect to moving the second user interface representation, in some embodiments, the first direction is rightward. In some embodiments, the first speed is the same speed as the current speed of the contact. In some embodiments, the movement of the first user interface representation creates a visual effect that the finger contact is grabbing and dragging the first user interface representation. At the same time, the second user interface representation is moving faster than the first user interface representation. This faster movement of the second user interface representation creates the visual effect that as the second user interface representation moves in the first direction towards the edge of the display, an increasingly larger portion of the first user interface representation is revealed from underneath the second user interface representation. In combination, these two concurrent movements enable a user to see more of the first user interface representation before deciding whether to select and display the corresponding first user interface.
In some embodiments, while in the user interface selection mode, including display of at least two of the plurality of user interface representations in the stack, the device detects (2530) a selection input (e.g., a tap gesture at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location on a user interface representation) directed to one of the at least two user interface representations in the stack. In response to detecting the selection input: the device ceases to display the stack, and displays a user interface that corresponds to the selected one of the at least two user interface representations. In some embodiments, the user interface that corresponds to the selected user interface representation is displayed without displaying any user interfaces that correspond to other user interface representations in the stack. In some embodiments, the display of the user interface that corresponds to the selected user interface representation replaces the display of the stack.
In some embodiments, while displaying, in the stack, at least the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation above the first user interface representation: the device detects (2532) a deletion input directed to the first user interface representation (e.g., an upward drag gesture at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location on the first user interface representation). In response to detecting the deletion input directed to the first user interface representation: the device removes the first user interface representation from a first position in the stack. In some embodiments, when swiping to close, the adjacent application views move together in z space (e.g., the application views behind the application view that is being manipulated moves toward the current application view). If movement is in the opposite direction, the adjacent application views move away from each other in z space (e.g., the application views behind the application view that is being manipulated moves away the current application view).
In some embodiments, entering a user interface selection mode includes (2534): animating a decrease in size of the first application view when transitioning into the second user interface representation; and animating a decrease in size of the second application view when transitioning into the first user interface representation. For example, in the “peek” stage, the UI cards are referred to as application views and in the “pop” stage (e.g., multitasking user interface), the UI cards are referred to as user interface representations. In some embodiments, the device indicates to the user that it has entered into the multitasking user interface by reducing the size of the application views (e.g., which become user interface representations).
In some embodiments, the application-switching criteria include (2536) intensity criteria. In some embodiments, the intensity criteria are met when the characteristic intensity of the contact is above a first intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the system-gesture criteria include a location criterion that is met when the intensity criteria for the contact are met while the contact is within a first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a region that may or may not include a portion of the touch-sensitive surface, such as those described above with reference to method 2400).
In some embodiments, the size of the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface is (2538) determined based on one or more characteristics of the contact. In some embodiments, the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface has a first size when the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface has first spatial properties (e.g., is a large, oblong contact characteristic of a flat finger input) and a second size when the contact proximate to the edge of the touch-sensitive surface has second spatial properties (e.g., is a small, round contact characteristic of a fingertip input). In some embodiments, the size of the region changes dynamically with the size of the contact. In some embodiments, the contact is categorized and one of a plurality of discretely sized regions is selected.
In some embodiments, the intensity criteria of the application-switching criteria are (2540) met when: the (detected) characteristic intensity of the first contact is above a first intensity threshold (e.g., a peek/preview intensity threshold); and the (detected) characteristic intensity of the first contact is below a second intensity threshold (e.g., a pop/commit intensity threshold).
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first portion of the first input, in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the first input meets the application-switching criteria, the device provides (2542) tactile output.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first portion of the first input, in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the first input meets preview criteria: the device moves (2544) the first view of the first application partially off of the display (e.g., sliding the active user interface to the right with or without decreasing the size of the user interface) and displays a portion of the second application view at a location of the display from which the first view of the first application was displaced (e.g., the active user interface slides over, revealing the edge of the previously active user interface from under the currently active user interface).
In some embodiments, the preview criteria includes (2546): a location criterion that is met while the contact is within the first region relative to the touch-sensitive surface, and an intensity criteria that is met when the characteristic intensity of the contact is above a preview intensity threshold (e.g., “hint” intensity) and below an application-switching intensity threshold (e.g., “peek” intensity/first intensity threshold).
In some embodiments, the application-switching criteria include (2548) a criterion that is met when an intensity of the first contact increases above a first intensity threshold (e.g., a peek/preview intensity threshold); maintaining concurrent display of at least a portion of the first application view and at least a portion of the second application view on the display after detecting the liftoff of the first contact includes displaying a multitasking user interface; and in response to detecting the first portion of the first input, in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the first input meets multitasking criteria that include a criterion that is met when an intensity of the first contact increases above a second intensity threshold that is greater than the first intensity threshold, the device displays the multitasking user interface. For example, the multitasking user interface can either be displayed by meeting the application-switching criteria, which can be met with a contact having an intensity above the first intensity threshold and below the second intensity threshold and then moving the contact across the touch-sensitive surface to a location that corresponds to a middle portion of the display, or by meeting the multitasking criteria which can be met with a contact having an intensity above the second intensity threshold.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first portion of the first input, in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the first input meets multitasking criteria (e.g., including high intensity criteria (e.g., “pop” intensity) and optionally a location criterion (e.g., proximate to the edge of the touch sensitive surface, in the first region, or in the second region)): the device enters (2550) a user interface selection mode, and displays a plurality of user interface representation in a stack on the display, including the at least a portion of the first application view and at least a portion of the second application view. In some embodiments, at least a first user interface representation, corresponding to the at least a portion of the second application view, and at least a second user interface representation, corresponding to the at least a portion of the first application view and disposed above the first user interface representation in the stack, are visible on the display, the second user interface representation is offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction (e.g., laterally offset to the right on the display), and the second user interface representation partially exposes the first user interface representation. In some embodiments, representations in the stack are partially spread out in one direction on the display (e.g., to the right, as shown in
In some embodiments, the multitasking criteria include (2552) intensity criteria that are met when the (detected) characteristic intensity of the first contact is above the second intensity threshold.
In some embodiments, the multitasking criteria include (2554) a location criterion that is met when the multitasking intensity criteria are met while the contact is within the first region of the touch-sensitive surface.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 1610 is configured to: enable display of a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display unit 1602 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1610), wherein: at least a first user interface representation and a second user interface representation disposed above the first user interface representation in the stack, are visible on the display unit 1602, the second user interface representation is offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction, and the second user interface representation partially exposes the first user interface representation; detect a first drag gesture by a first contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1604 that corresponds to a location of the first user interface representation on the display unit 1602 (e.g., with detecting unit 1612), the first contact moving across the touch-sensitive surface unit 1604 in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display unit 1602; and, while the first contact is at a location on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1604 that corresponds to the location of the first user interface representation on the display unit 1602 and moving across the touch-sensitive surface unit 1604 in a direction that corresponds to the first direction on the display unit: move the first user interface representation in the first direction on the display unit 1602 at a first speed in accordance with a speed of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1604 (e.g., with the moving unit 1604); and move the second user interface representation, disposed above the first user interface representation, in the first direction at a second speed greater than the first speed (e.g., with the moving unit 1614).
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 1710 is configured to: enable display a first user interface on the display unit 1702 (e.g., with display enabling unit 1710); while displaying the first user interface on the display unit 1702, detect an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1704 (e.g., with detecting unit 1712); while detecting the input by the first contact, enable display of a first user interface representation and at least a second user interface representation on the display unit 1702 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1710); while displaying the first user interface representation and at least the second user interface representation on the display unit 1702, detect termination of the input by the first contact (e.g., with the detecting unit 1712); and, in response to detecting termination of the input by the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic intensity during the input that was below a predetermined intensity threshold and the first contact moved during the input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface 1704 that corresponds to a predefined direction on the display 1702, enable display of a second user interface that corresponds to the second user interface representation (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1710); and in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic intensity during the input that was below the predetermined intensity threshold and the first contact did not move during the input in a direction across the touch-sensitive surface unit 1704 that corresponds to the predefined direction on the display unit 1702, enable redisplay of the first user interface (e.g., with display enabling unit 1710).
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 1808 is configured to: enable display of a first user interface on the display unit (e.g., with display enabling unit 1810; while enabling display of the first user interface on the display unit, detect, on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1804, an input by a first contact that includes a period of increasing intensity of the first contact (e.g., with the detecting unit 1812); in response to detecting the input by the first contact that includes the period of increasing intensity of the first contact: enable display of a first user interface representation for the first user interface and a second user interface representation for a second user interface on the display unit 1802 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1810), wherein the first user interface representation is displayed over the second user interface representation and partially exposes the second user interface representation; while enabling display of the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display unit 1802, detect that, during the period of increasing intensity of the first contact, the intensity of the first contact meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria (e.g., with the detecting unit 1812); in response to detecting that the intensity of the first contact meets the one or more predetermined intensity criteria: cease to enable display of the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation on the display unit 1802 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1810); and enable display of the second user interface on the display unit 1802 (e.g., with display enabling unit 1810).
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 1910 is configured to: enable display of a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display unit 1902 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1910), wherein: at least a first user interface representation, a second user interface representation, and a third user interface representation are visible on the display unit 1902, the first user interface representation is laterally offset from the second user interface representation in a first direction and partially exposes the second user interface representation, and the second user interface representation is laterally offset from the third user interface representation in the first direction and partially exposes the third user interface representation; detect an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1904 at a location that corresponds to the second user interface representation on the display unit 1902 (e.g., with detecting unit 1922); and, in accordance with detecting an increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1904 at the location that corresponds to the second user interface representation on the display unit 1902 (e.g., with the detecting unit 1912), increase an area of the second user interface representation that is exposed from behind the first user interface representation by increasing the lateral offset between the first user interface representation and the second user interface representation (e.g., with the increasing unit 1916).
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 2010 is configured to: enable display of a plurality of user interface representations in a stack on the display unit 2002 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 2010), wherein: at least a first user interface representation, a second user interface representation, and a third user interface representation are visible on the display unit 2002, the second user interface representation is laterally offset from the first user interface representation in a first direction and partially exposes the first user interface representation, and the third user interface representation is laterally offset from the second user interface representation in the first direction and partially exposes the second user interface representation; detect a drag gesture by a first contact that moves across the touch-sensitive surface unit 2004 (e.g., with the detecting unit 2012), wherein movement of the drag gesture by the first contact corresponds to movement across one or more of the plurality of user interface representations in the stack; and, during the drag gesture, when the first contact moves over a location on the touch-sensitive surface unit 2004 that corresponds to the first user interface representation on the display unit 2002, reveal more of the first user interface representation from behind the second user interface representation on the display unit (e.g., with the revealing unit 2016).
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 2110 is configured to: enable display of a first user interface of a first application on the display unit 2102 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 2110), the first user interface including a backwards navigation control; while displaying the first user interface of the first application on the display unit 2102, detect a gesture by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 2104 at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control on the display unit 2102 (e.g., with the detecting unit 2112; in response to detecting the gesture by the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 2104 at a location that corresponds to the backwards navigation control: in accordance with a determination that the gesture by the first contact is a gesture with an intensity of the first contact that meets one or more predetermined intensity criteria, replace display of the first user interface of the first application with display of a plurality of representations of user interfaces of the first application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 2110), including a representation of the first user interface and a representation of a second user interface; and, in accordance with a determination that the gesture by the first contact is a gesture with an intensity of the first contact that does not meet the one or more predetermined intensity criteria, replace display of the first user interface of the first application with display of the second user interface of the first application (e.g., using display enabling unit 2110).
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to
The operations described above with reference to
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. For example, the methods described herein are also applicable in an analogous manner to electronic devices configured for management, playback, and/or streaming (e.g., from an external server) of audio and/or visual content that are in communication with a remote control and a display (e.g., Apple TV from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.). For such devices, inputs are optionally received that correspond to gestures on a touch-sensitive surface of the remote control, voice inputs to the remote control, and/or activation of buttons on the remote control, rather than having the touch-sensitive surface, audio input device (e.g., a microphone), and/or buttons on the device itself. For such devices, data is optionally provided to the display rather than displayed by the device itself. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/866,511, filed Sep. 25, 2015, which claims priority to: (1) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/215,696, filed Sep. 8, 2015, entitled “Devices and Methods for Navigating Between User Interfaces”; (2) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/213,606, filed Sep. 2, 2015, entitled “Devices and Methods for Navigating Between User Interfaces”; and (3) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/172,226, filed Jun. 7, 2015, entitled “Devices and Methods for Navigating Between User Interfaces,” all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160357305 A1 | Dec 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62215696 | Sep 2015 | US | |
| 62213606 | Sep 2015 | US | |
| 62172226 | Jun 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14866511 | Sep 2015 | US |
| Child | 14866987 | US |
