Patent Application
20230297228
This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that include user interfaces for displaying notifications.
The use of portable electronic devices has increased significantly in recent years, with many applications typically residing in the memory of such devices. Exemplary applications include messaging applications, calendar applications and social media applications. Electronic devices often receive communications for these applications, which contain information of importance to users. These electronic devices then often provide notifications that correspond to the received communications.
Exemplary communications include instant messages, calendar invitations, social media updates, microblog posts and news stories. Exemplary notifications associated with these communications may include digital images, video, text, icons, control elements (such as buttons) and/or other graphics to notify users of the receipt of these communications. Exemplary applications receiving communications and generating notifications include instant messaging applications (e.g., iMessage from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California), calendar applications (e.g., iCal or Calendar from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California), social networking applications, microblogging applications, and news applications.
But user interfaces for accessing notifications, and methods of navigating to and from such interfaces, are cumbersome and inefficient. For example, the notifications may be displayed in a confusing manner, and navigation to and from interfaces that contain notifications may also be confusing. These methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices.
Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for accessing notifications. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for accessing notifications. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a device having a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: while the device is in a screen-off state, receiving one or more notifications; after receiving the one or more notifications, detecting a first input from a user for waking the device from the screen-off state to a screen-on state; in response to detecting the first input for waking the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state: transitioning the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state; displaying a wake screen user interface on the display; and displaying the one or more notifications on the wake screen user interface; while displaying the wake screen user interface and while at least one of the one or more notifications remains displayed on the wake screen user interface, detecting a second input for dismissing the wake screen user interface; in response to detecting the second input for dismissing the wake screen user interface, ceasing to display the wake screen user interface and the at least one of the one or more notifications; after ceasing to display the wake screen user interface and the at least one of the one or more notifications in response to the second input, detecting a third input for redisplaying the wake screen user interface; in response to detecting the third input for redisplaying the wake screen user interface: in accordance with a determination that the third input meets notification-clearance criteria, wherein the notification-clearance criteria require that the third input is detected at a time that is (1) after a respective notification of the one or more notifications has been cleared through direct user interaction with the respective notification or an application that corresponds to the respective notification and (2) after the device has transitioned from the screen-on state to the screen-off state at least once since the detection of the second input, redisplaying the wake screen user interface without displaying the at least one of the one or more notifications on the redisplayed wake screen user interface; and in accordance with a determination that the third input does not meet the notification-clearance criteria: redisplaying the wake screen user interface, and redisplaying the at least one of the one or more notifications on the redisplayed wake screen user interface.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a device having a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a first user interface, including displaying one or more missed notifications in a first scrollable arrangement on the first user interface; while displaying the first user interface with the one or more missed notifications, detecting a first swipe gesture, including detecting a first contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first scrollable arrangement, and detecting first movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface in a first direction; in response to detecting the first swipe gesture, scrolling the first scrollable arrangement in accordance with the first movement of the first contact; after scrolling the first scrollable arrangement in accordance with the first movement of the first contact, detecting a second swipe gesture, including detecting a second contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first scrollable arrangement, and detecting second movement of the second contact across the touch-sensitive surface in the first direction; in response to detecting the second swipe gesture: in accordance with a determination that the second movement of the second contact meets notification-history-display criteria, wherein the notification-history-display criteria require (1) that the second movement of the second contact is detected after an end of the first scrollable arrangement has been reached in accordance with the first movement of the first contact and (2) that the second movement exceeds a first threshold amount of movement in the first direction, displaying a plurality of previously received notifications that are distinct from the one or more missed notifications in a second scrollable arrangement on the first user interface; and, in accordance with the determination that the second movement of the first contact does not meet the notification-history-display criteria, forgoing displaying the plurality of previously received notifications.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a device having a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a first user interface on the display; displaying a first user interface object overlaid on a first portion of the first user interface; while displaying the first user interface object overlaid on the first portion of the first user interface, detecting a first input for displaying a cover sheet user interface, where the cover sheet user interface includes a first content object and a second content object displayed on a background object; in response to detecting the first input for displaying the cover sheet user interface, moving the cover sheet user interface across the display in a first direction, including: moving the background object of the cover sheet user interface across the display; in accordance with a determination that the first user interface object has not reached a predefined threshold position relative to the cover sheet user interface, moving the first content object and the second content object with the background object while maintaining a current position of the first user interface object on the display; and, in accordance with a determination that the first user interface object has reached the predefined threshold position relative to the cover sheet user interface, moving the first user interface object with the background object.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a device having a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: while the device is in a screen-off state, detecting a first input for waking the device from the screen-off state to a screen-on state; and in response to detecting the first input for waking the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state: transitioning the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state, and displaying a wake screen user interface on the display; while displaying the wake screen user interface, detecting a first swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, including detecting a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface and detecting movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first swipe gesture: ceasing to display the wake screen user interface; and displaying a first user interface, wherein: in accordance with a determination that the first swipe gesture is in a first direction, the displayed first user interface is a mini-application-object user interface, wherein the mini-application-object user interface includes one or more mini-application objects that each provide a subset of functions of a corresponding application without launching the corresponding application; and, in accordance with a determination that the first swipe gesture is in a second direction that is opposite the first direction, the displayed first user interface is a control panel user interface, wherein the control panel user interface includes one or more device controls for controlling one or more device functions of the device.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs; the one or more programs are configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which, when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators, cause the device to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators; and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.
Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, optionally one or more device orientation sensors, are provided with improved interfaces for accessing notifications and improved navigation to and from such interfaces, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing accessing notifications.
For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
FIGS. 5A1-5A4, 5B-5EB, 5EC1-5EC4, 5ED-5HR illustrate example user interfaces for providing access to notifications on a cover sheet user interface in accordance with some embodiments.
A number of different approaches for navigating to, displaying, and/or interacting with notification content and user interfaces that display notifications are described herein. Using one or more of these approaches (optionally in conjunction with each other) reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and provides a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, these improvements conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. These approaches describe improved methods for:
The methods, devices, and GUIs described herein display notifications on a cover sheet to present recent information received and/or generated by applications installed on a device, which makes the user-device interface more efficient in multiple ways. For example, they provide more efficient ways to retain sets of notifications, clear sets of notifications, display missed notifications, display previously cleared notifications in a notification history, access information from an active mode of an application using a banner that is displayed in user interfaces other than the application user interface, and access additional user interfaces from a cover sheet user interface.
Below,
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.
Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad).
In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.
The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.
Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.
As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. Using tactile outputs to provide haptic feedback to a user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, a tactile output pattern specifies characteristics of a tactile output, such as the amplitude of the tactile output, the shape of a movement waveform of the tactile output, the frequency of the tactile output, and/or the duration of the tactile output.
When tactile outputs with different tactile output patterns are generated by a device (e.g., via one or more tactile output generators that move a moveable mass to generate tactile outputs), the tactile outputs may invoke different haptic sensations in a user holding or touching the device. While the sensation of the user is based on the user's perception of the tactile output, most users will be able to identify changes in waveform, frequency, and amplitude of tactile outputs generated by the device. Thus, the waveform, frequency and amplitude can be adjusted to indicate to the user that different operations have been performed. As such, tactile outputs with tactile output patterns that are designed, selected, and/or engineered to simulate characteristics (e.g., size, material, weight, stiffness, smoothness, etc.); behaviors (e.g., oscillation, displacement, acceleration, rotation, expansion, etc.); and/or interactions (e.g., collision, adhesion, repulsion, attraction, friction, etc.) of objects in a given environment (e.g., a user interface that includes graphical features and objects, a simulated physical environment with virtual boundaries and virtual objects, a real physical environment with physical boundaries and physical objects, and/or a combination of any of the above) will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user's operation of the device. Additionally, tactile outputs are, optionally, generated to correspond to feedback that is unrelated to a simulated physical characteristic, such as an input threshold or a selection of an object. Such tactile outputs will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user's operation of the device.
In some embodiments, a tactile output with a suitable tactile output pattern serves as a cue for the occurrence of an event of interest in a user interface or behind the scenes in a device. Examples of the events of interest include activation of an affordance (e.g., a real or virtual button, or toggle switch) provided on the device or in a user interface, success or failure of a requested operation, reaching or crossing a boundary in a user interface, entry into a new state, switching of input focus between objects, activation of a new mode, reaching or crossing an input threshold, detection or recognition of a type of input or gesture, etc. In some embodiments, tactile outputs are provided to serve as a warning or an alert for an impending event or outcome that would occur unless a redirection or interruption input is timely detected. Tactile outputs are also used in other contexts to enrich the user experience, improve the accessibility of the device to users with visual or motor difficulties or other accessibility needs, and/or improve efficiency and functionality of the user interface and/or the device. Tactile outputs are optionally accompanied with audio outputs and/or visible user interface changes, which further enhance a user's experience when the user interacts with a user interface and/or the device, and facilitate better conveyance of information regarding the state of the user interface and/or the device, and which reduce input errors and increase the efficiency of the user's operation of the device.
It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in
Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by other components of device 100, such as CPU(s) 120 and the peripherals interface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.
Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s) 120 and memory 102. The one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions for device 100 and to process data.
In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU(s) 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.
RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212,
I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, such as touch-sensitive display system 112 and other input or control devices 116, with peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices 116. The other input or control devices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208,
Touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system 112. Touch-sensitive display system 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system 112 and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112. In some embodiments, a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system 112. In some embodiments, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.
In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the various components. Power system 162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 167.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168.
In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, haptic feedback module (or set of instructions) 133, text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102 stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in
Operating system 126 (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.
Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California.
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system 112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on a touchpad.
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus.
In some embodiments, detecting a finger tap gesture depends on the length of time between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event, but is independent of the intensity of the finger contact between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected in accordance with a determination that the length of time between the finger-down event and the finger-up event is less than a predetermined value (e.g., less than 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 seconds), independent of whether the intensity of the finger contact during the tap meets a given intensity threshold (greater than a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold), such as a light press or deep press intensity threshold. Thus, a finger tap gesture can satisfy particular input criteria that do not require that the characteristic intensity of a contact satisfy a given intensity threshold in order for the particular input criteria to be met. For clarity, the finger contact in a tap gesture typically needs to satisfy a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold, below which the contact is not detected, in order for the finger-down event to be detected. A similar analysis applies to detecting a tap gesture by a stylus or other contact. In cases where the device is capable of detecting a finger or stylus contact hovering over a touch sensitive surface, the nominal contact-detection intensity threshold optionally does not correspond to physical contact between the finger or stylus and the touch sensitive surface.
The same concepts apply in an analogous manner to other types of gestures. For example, a swipe gesture, a pinch gesture, a depinch gesture, and/or a long press gesture are optionally detected based on the satisfaction of criteria that are either independent of intensities of contacts included in the gesture, or do not require that contact(s) that perform the gesture reach intensity thresholds in order to be recognized. For example, a swipe gesture is detected based on an amount of movement of one or more contacts; a pinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts towards each other; a depinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts away from each other; and a long press gesture is detected based on a duration of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface with less than a threshold amount of movement. As such, the statement that particular gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met means that the particular gesture recognition criteria are capable of being satisfied if the contact(s) in the gesture do not reach the respective intensity threshold, and are also capable of being satisfied in circumstances where one or more of the contacts in the gesture do reach or exceed the respective intensity threshold. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected based on a determination that the finger-down and finger-up event are detected within a predefined time period, without regard to whether the contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold during the predefined time period, and a swipe gesture is detected based on a determination that the contact movement is greater than a predefined magnitude, even if the contact is above the respective intensity threshold at the end of the contact movement. Even in implementations where detection of a gesture is influenced by the intensity of contacts performing the gesture (e.g., the device detects a long press more quickly when the intensity of the contact is above an intensity threshold or delays detection of a tap input when the intensity of the contact is higher), the detection of those gestures does not require that the contacts reach a particular intensity threshold so long as the criteria for recognizing the gesture can be met in circumstances where the contact does not reach the particular intensity threshold (e.g., even if the amount of time that it takes to recognize the gesture changes).
Contact intensity thresholds, duration thresholds, and movement thresholds are, in some circumstances, combined in a variety of different combinations in order to create heuristics for distinguishing two or more different gestures directed to the same input element or region so that multiple different interactions with the same input element are enabled to provide a richer set of user interactions and responses. The statement that a particular set of gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met does not preclude the concurrent evaluation of other intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria to identify other gestures that do have a criteria that is met when a gesture includes a contact with an intensity above the respective intensity threshold. For example, in some circumstances, first gesture recognition criteria for a first gesture—which do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met—are in competition with second gesture recognition criteria for a second gesture—which are dependent on the contact(s) reaching the respective intensity threshold. In such competitions, the gesture is, optionally, not recognized as meeting the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture if the second gesture recognition criteria for the second gesture are met first. For example, if a contact reaches the respective intensity threshold before the contact moves by a predefined amount of movement, a deep press gesture is detected rather than a swipe gesture. Conversely, if the contact moves by the predefined amount of movement before the contact reaches the respective intensity threshold, a swipe gesture is detected rather than a deep press gesture. Even in such circumstances, the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture still do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met because if the contact stayed below the respective intensity threshold until an end of the gesture (e.g., a swipe gesture with a contact that does not increase to an intensity above the respective intensity threshold), the gesture would have been recognized by the first gesture recognition criteria as a swipe gesture. As such, particular gesture recognition criteria that do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met will (A) in some circumstances ignore the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold (e.g. for a tap gesture) and/or (B) in some circumstances still be dependent on the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold in the sense that the particular gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a long press gesture) will fail if a competing set of intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a deep press gesture) recognize an input as corresponding to an intensity-dependent gesture before the particular gesture recognition criteria recognize a gesture corresponding to the input (e.g., for a long press gesture that is competing with a deep press gesture for recognition).
Graphics module 132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system 112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.
In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller 156.
Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components for generating instructions (e.g., instructions used by haptic feedback controller 161) to produce tactile outputs using tactile output generator(s) 167 at one or more locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with device 100.
Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts module 137, e-mail module 140, IM module 141, browser module 147, and any other application that needs text input).
GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone module 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera module 143 as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather mini applications, local yellow page mini applications, and map/navigation mini applications).
Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contacts module 137 includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone module 138, video conference module 139, e-mail module 140, or IM module 141; and so forth.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module 138 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138, videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module 143.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and video and music player module 152, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory 102.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, mini application modules 149 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather mini application 149-1, stocks mini application 149-2, calculator mini application 149-3, alarm clock mini application 149-4, and dictionary mini application 149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created mini application 149-6). In some embodiments, a mini application includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a mini application includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Mini applications).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, the mini application creator module 150 includes executable instructions to create mini applications (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a mini application).
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular online video.
Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.
The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.
Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to deliver event information.
In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.
Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display system 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display system 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 173.
Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system 112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
Hit view determination module 172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.
Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module 182.
In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.
In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views 191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.
A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).
Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 190.
In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.
In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.
In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in video and music player module 152. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.
In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.
It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes haptic feedback module 133. In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 aggregates and combines tactile outputs for user interface feedback from software applications on the electronic device (e.g., feedback that is responsive to user inputs that correspond to displayed user interfaces and alerts and other notifications that indicate the performance of operations or occurrence of events in user interfaces of the electronic device). Haptic feedback module 133 includes one or more of: waveform module 123 (for providing waveforms used for generating tactile outputs), mixer 125 (for mixing waveforms, such as waveforms in different channels), compressor 127 (for reducing or compressing a dynamic range of the waveforms), low-pass filter 129 (for filtering out high frequency signal components in the waveforms), and thermal controller 131 (for adjusting the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions). In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 is included in haptic feedback controller 161 (
In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 also includes trigger module 121 (e.g., a software application, operating system, or other software module that determines a tactile output is to be generated and initiates the process for generating the corresponding tactile output). In some embodiments, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals for initiating generation of waveforms (e.g., by waveform module 123). For example, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals based on preset timing criteria. In some embodiments, trigger module 121 receives trigger signals from outside haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., in some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 receives trigger signals from hardware input processing module 146 located outside haptic feedback module 133) and relays the trigger signals to other components within haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., waveform module 123) or software applications that trigger operations (e.g., with trigger module 121) based on activation of a user interface element (e.g., an application icon or an affordance within an application) or a hardware input device (e.g., a home button or an intensity-sensitive input surface, such as an intensity-sensitive touch screen). In some embodiments, trigger module 121 also receives tactile feedback generation instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module 133,
Waveform module 123 receives trigger signals (e.g., from trigger module 121) as an input, and in response to receiving trigger signals, provides waveforms for generation of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., waveforms selected from a predefined set of waveforms designated for use by waveform module 123, such as the waveforms described in greater detail below with reference to
Mixer 125 receives waveforms (e.g., from waveform module 123) as an input, and mixes together the waveforms. For example, when mixer 125 receives two or more waveforms (e.g., a first waveform in a first channel and a second waveform that at least partially overlaps with the first waveform in a second channel) mixer 125 outputs a combined waveform that corresponds to a sum of the two or more waveforms. In some embodiments, mixer 125 also modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms). In some circumstances, mixer 125 selects one or more waveforms to remove from the combined waveform (e.g., the waveform from the oldest source is dropped when there are waveforms from more than three sources that have been requested to be output concurrently by tactile output generator 167).
Compressor 127 receives waveforms (e.g., a combined waveform from mixer 125) as an input, and modifies the waveforms. In some embodiments, compressor 127 reduces the waveforms (e.g., in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generators 167 (
Low-pass filter 129 receives waveforms (e.g., compressed waveforms from compressor 127) as an input, and filters (e.g., smooths) the waveforms (e.g., removes or reduces high frequency signal components in the waveforms). For example, in some instances, compressor 127 includes, in compressed waveforms, extraneous signals (e.g., high frequency signal components) that interfere with the generation of tactile outputs and/or exceed performance specifications of tactile output generator 167 when the tactile outputs are generated in accordance with the compressed waveforms. Low-pass filter 129 reduces or removes such extraneous signals in the waveforms.
Thermal controller 131 receives waveforms (e.g., filtered waveforms from low-pass filter 129) as an input, and adjusts the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions of device 100 (e.g., based on internal temperatures detected within device 100, such as the temperature of haptic feedback controller 161, and/or external temperatures detected by device 100). For example, in some cases, the output of haptic feedback controller 161 varies depending on the temperature (e.g. haptic feedback controller 161, in response to receiving same waveforms, generates a first tactile output when haptic feedback controller 161 is at a first temperature and generates a second tactile output when haptic feedback controller 161 is at a second temperature that is distinct from the first temperature). For example, the magnitude (or the amplitude) of the tactile outputs may vary depending on the temperature. To reduce the effect of the temperature variations, the waveforms are modified (e.g., an amplitude of the waveforms is increased or decreased based on the temperature).
In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., trigger module 121) is coupled to hardware input processing module 146. In some embodiments, other input controller(s) 160 in
In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes haptic feedback controller 161 (e.g., haptic feedback controller 161 in
In some embodiments, as shown in
In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes amplifier 163. In some embodiments, amplifier 163 receives waveforms (e.g., from haptic feedback controller 161) and amplifies the waveforms prior to sending the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator 167 (e.g., any of tactile output generators 167 (
In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes sensor 169, which is coupled to tactile output generator 167. Sensor 169 detects states or state changes (e.g., mechanical position, physical displacement, and/or movement) of tactile output generator 167 or one or more components of tactile output generator 167 (e.g., one or more moving parts, such as a membrane, used to generate tactile outputs). In some embodiments, sensor 169 is a magnetic field sensor (e.g., a Hall effect sensor) or other displacement and/or movement sensor. In some embodiments, sensor 169 provides information (e.g., a position, a displacement, and/or a movement of one or more parts in tactile output generator 167) to haptic feedback controller 161 and, in accordance with the information provided by sensor 169 about the state of tactile output generator 167, haptic feedback controller 161 adjusts the waveforms output from haptic feedback controller 161 (e.g., waveforms sent to tactile output generator 167, optionally via amplifier 163).
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display.
In some embodiments, device 100 includes the touch-screen display, menu button 204 (sometimes called home button 204), push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging external port 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensities of contacts on touch-sensitive display system 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.
Each of the above identified elements in
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device 100.
It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in
Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in
As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a stylus contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average or a sum) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).
In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch-screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch-screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter).
As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value produced by low-pass filtering the intensity of the contact over a predefined period or starting at a predefined time, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first intensity threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second intensity threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective option or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.
In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location (e.g., a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.
The user interface figures described herein optionally include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT0, a light press intensity threshold ITL, a deep press intensity threshold ITD (e.g., that is at least initially higher than ITL), and/or one or more other intensity thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold ITH that is lower than ITL)). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures.
In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria based on the contact intensity during the input. For example, for some “light press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a first intensity threshold during the input triggers a first response. In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria that include both the contact intensity during the input and time-based criteria. For example, for some “deep press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second intensity threshold during the input, greater than the first intensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response only if a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first intensity threshold and meeting the second intensity threshold. This delay time is typically less than 200 ms (milliseconds) in duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on the magnitude of the second intensity threshold, with the delay time increasing as the second intensity threshold increases). This delay time helps to avoid accidental recognition of deep press inputs. As another example, for some “deep press” inputs, there is a reduced-sensitivity time period that occurs after the time at which the first intensity threshold is met. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the second intensity threshold is increased. This temporary increase in the second intensity threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. For other deep press inputs, the response to detection of a deep press input does not depend on time-based criteria.
In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity thresholds and/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or more factors, such as user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like. Example factors are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
For example,
An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold ITL to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold ITL and the deep press intensity threshold ITD is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold ITD to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold ITD is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 and the light press intensity threshold ITL is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT0 is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT0 is zero. In some embodiments, IT0 is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations, a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact.
In some embodiments, described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input).
In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).
For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. As described above, in some embodiments, the triggering of these responses also depends on time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delay time has elapsed between a first intensity threshold being met and a second intensity threshold being met).
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device 100 or device 300, with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, (optionally) one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs, and (optionally) one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.
FIGS. 5A1 to 5A4 illustrate activation of a display (e.g., touch-sensitive display 112) in response to changing an orientation of device 100. When the display has been activated, notifications that were received while the device was in a screen-off state were received. These notifications are displayed when the device transitions to a screen-on state. In some embodiments, the device uses one or more sensors (e.g., accelerometer, gyro, audio sensor, heat sensor, and/or light sensor) to determine whether an orientation of the device has changed. For example, the device determines whether the device has been rotated by more than a threshold angle (e.g., rotated along an axis of the device, such as tilted from a position in which the device is substantially horizontal to a position in which the device is substantially vertical). In FIG. 5A1, the device is in a screen-off state while it is held flat in a user's hand 502, such that the device display is substantially horizontal. In FIG. 5A2, the device is tilted such that the display is more vertical than in FIG. 5A1. Because a tilt angle of the device has not increased above a threshold tilt angle in FIG. 5A2, the display is not activated. In FIG. 5A3, the device is tilted such that the display is more vertical than in FIG. 5A2. Because a tilt angle of the device has increased above a threshold tilt angle in FIG. 5A3, the display has transitioned from a screen-off state to a screen-on state and wake screen user interface 504 is displayed by the display 112. In FIG. 5A4, the display 112 is substantially vertical.
In some embodiments, wake screen user interface 504 is a user interface that is displayed when the device transitions from a screen-off state to a screen-on state (e.g., while the device 100 is in a locked state) and wake screen user interface 504 is available to be redisplayed (e.g., to allow a user to view notifications, access a mini application user interface and/or access a control center user interface, as described further below) after the device is unlocked. In some embodiments, when wake screen user interface 504 is accessed after the device is unlocked, wake screen user interface 504 is referred to as a cover sheet user interface. The terms “wake screen user interface” and “cover sheet user interface” are used interchangeably herein to refer to wake screen user interface 504.
In some embodiments, the missed notifications that are displayed on the wake screen user interface 504 are cleared individually in response to user interaction with a notification (e.g., when a user accesses an application that corresponds to a notification, as illustrated at
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After device 100 transitions from a screen-off state, as shown in
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In Figure SAI, an input (e.g., a tap input) is detected at a location that corresponds to affordance 556 for displaying a music application interface, as indicated by focus selector 558. In response to the input, a music application user interface 552 is displayed, as shown in
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After the screen has transitioned from a screen-off state, as shown in
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After the screen has transitioned from a screen-off state, as shown in
After all notifications have been cleared, as shown at
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In Figure SDG, the contact indicated by focus selector 5162 has lifted off of cover sheet user interface 504.
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FIGS. 5EC1 to 5EC4 illustrate activation of a display (e.g., touch-sensitive display 112) in response to changing an orientation of device 100. When the display has been activated, notifications that were received while the device was in a screen-off state were received. These notifications are displayed when the device transitions to a screen-on state. In FIG. 5EC1, the device is in a screen-off state while it is held flat in a user's hand 502, such that the device display is substantially horizontal. In FIG. 5EC2, the device is tilted such that the display is more vertical than in FIG. 5EC1. Because a tilt angle of the device has not increased above a threshold tilt angle in FIG. 5EC2, the display is not activated. In FIG. 5EC3, the device is tilted such that the display is more vertical than in FIG. 5EC2. Because a tilt angle of the device has increased above a threshold tilt angle in FIG. 5EC3, the display has transitioned from a screen-off state to a screen-on state and wake screen user interface 504 (also referred to herein as a cover sheet user interface 504) is displayed by the display 112. In FIG. 5EC4, the display 112 is substantially vertical.
In some embodiments, different input criteria must be met to activate a flashlight control 5190 when it is displayed on a wake screen user interface 504 and when it is displayed in a control center user interface 5138, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, input that has one effect when it is applied to a control (e.g., camera control 5192) when it is displayed in control center user interface 5138 has a different effect when the control is displayed in wake screen user interface 504. For example, a light press input on camera control 5192 causes a menu 5220 to be displayed when camera control 5192 is displayed in control center user interface 5138, and the light press input on camera control 5192 causes activation of a camera application when camera control 5192 is displayed in wake screen user interface 504, as illustrated by
In some embodiments, a time/date object 582 shifts horizontally as input for navigating from wake screen user interface 504 to adjacent user interfaces (control center user interface 5138 and widget user interface 5140) to indicate the direction of input needed to return to the wake screen user interface 504, as illustrate at
In some embodiments, a mini application object (e.g., as illustrated by mini application objects 583, 585, 587, and 589) is configured to perform a subset, less than all, of the functions of a corresponding application. In some embodiments, a mini application object displays an identifier for the corresponding application. In some embodiments, a mini application object displays a portion of the content the corresponding application. In some embodiments, a predefined input on a mini application object launches the corresponding application. In some embodiments, a mini application object operates as a standalone application residing in memory of the device, distinct from an associated application also residing in the memory of the device. For example, a mini application object corresponding to a social networking application operates as a single-purpose or streamlined application with a subset, less than all, of the functionality of the corresponding application, but is associated with the full-featured social networking application. In this example, the mini application object operates independently of the social networking application, and in a scenario where the social networking application is not running, the mini application object continues to operate. In some embodiments, a mini application object operates as an extension or component of an associated application on the device.
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Whereas a light press input on a camera control displayed in control center user interface 5138 causes a camera menu 5220 to be displayed, a light press input on a camera control displayed in wake screen user interface 504 causes a camera application user interface 5216 to be displayed.
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As described below, method 600 provides an intuitive way to clear sets of notifications. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when clearing sets of notifications, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to clear sets of notifications faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
While the device is in a screen-off state (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 5A1-5A2), the device receives (602) one or more notifications.
After receiving the one or more notifications (e.g., while the device remains in the screen-off state, or while the one or more notifications are displayed on a dark screen of the screen-off state), the device detects (604) a first input from a user for waking the device from the screen-off state to a screen-on state (e.g., the device detects a state change indicating that the device has been picked up, as described with regard to FIGS. 5A1-5A4, or the device detects an input at a control, such as push button 106, for waking the device).
In response to detecting the first input for waking the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state, the device (606): transitions the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state (e.g., as shown at FIGS. 5A2-5A3), displays a wake screen user interface 504 on the display 112 (as shown in FIGS. 5A3 and 5B), and displays the one or more notifications (e.g., notifications 506, 508, 510, and 512 shown in
While displaying the wake screen user interface 504 and while at least one of the one or more notifications remains displayed on the wake screen user interface 504 (e.g., at a later time after the user has interacted with the device which may include interactions that cause the dismissal and then redisplay of the wake screen user interface one or more times), the device detects (608) a second input for dismissing the wake screen user interface (e.g., an upward swipe input to reveal an underlying user interface or an input (e.g., on a power button) to shut off the display).
In response to detecting the second input for dismissing the wake screen user interface, the device ceases (610) to display the wake screen user interface 504 and the at least one of the one or more notifications (e.g., notifications 506, 508, 510, and 512 shown in
After ceasing to display the wake screen user interface 504 and the at least one of the one or more notifications in response to the second input, the device detects (612) a third input for redisplaying the wake screen user interface (e.g., the third input may be an input for waking the device again after the device has transitioned back to the screen-off state, or an input (e.g., a downward swipe from the top of the touch-screen) for redisplaying the wake screen user interface after the wake screen user interface has been dismissed while the device remains in the screen-on state).
In response to detecting the third input for redisplaying the wake screen user interface 504 (614), in accordance with a determination that the third input meets notification-clearance criteria (e.g., notification-clearance criteria are criteria for completely removing all remaining missed notifications from the wake screen user interface and, optionally, deleting the notifications or saving them to notification history), the device redisplays the wake screen user interface 504 without displaying the at least one of the one or more notifications on the redisplayed wake screen user interface 504 (e.g., all previously displayed missed notifications are cleared from the wake screen user interface). The notification-clearance criteria require that the third input is detected at a time that is (1) after a respective notification of the one or more notifications has been cleared through direct user interaction with the respective notification or an application that corresponds to the respective notification and (2) after the device has transitioned from the screen-on state to the screen-off state at least once since the detection of the second input (e.g., since the last input for dismissing the wake screen user interface was detected). Examples of user interaction with the respective notification include an input to activate a displayed deletion control, such as an “x” icon displayed adjacent to the notification (e.g., a tap gesture by a contact at a location that corresponds to the displayed control), an input (such as a deep press or swipe gesture) on the notification to dismiss or delete the notification or to reveal a control for dismissing the notification followed by an input to activate a control for dismissing the notification, or an input to open the notification in an application (e.g., a tap gesture by a contact at a location that corresponds to the notification). For example, the input described with regard to
This heuristic allows a device to either automatically clear a set of missed notifications or to redisplay a set of missed notifications displayed on a wake screen depending on whether notification-clearance criteria are met. Automatically clearing a set of missed notifications in accordance with a determination that notification-clearance criteria are met makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by providing the user with the ability to clear multiple notifications without requiring the user to manually dismiss each notification, while retaining the ability of the user to individually clear missed notifications in the set of multiple notifications (e.g., by maintaining the device in a screen-on session while interacting with the individual notifications). Enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the third input for redisplaying the wake screen user interface, and in accordance with the determination that the third input does not meet the notification-clearance criteria (616), in accordance with a determination that one or more notification-clearance interactions have occurred (e.g., through a direct user interaction with a notification or interaction with an application that corresponds to a notification), the device forgoes display of one or more notifications that are cleared by the one or more notification-clearance interactions on the redisplayed wake screen user interface 504. For example, notification-clearance interactions are described with regard to
Forgoing display of one or more notifications that are cleared by the one or more notification-clearance interactions on the redisplayed wake screen user interface reduces the amount of information displayed on the redisplayed wake screen. Reducing the amount of information displayed on the redisplayed wake screen makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to access notification information that the user has not previously reviewed without having to navigate past information that the user has previously reviewed.
In some embodiments, after detecting the first input for waking the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state and prior to detecting the second input for dismissing the wake screen user interface (618), the device detects a plurality of intermediate inputs, the plurality of intermediate inputs including: a first intermediate input for dismissing the wake screen user interface (in response to which the wake screen is dismissed and a background user interface is revealed, or in response to which the device goes into the screen-off state and the screen is dark with no interface displayed), and a second intermediate input for redisplaying the wake screen user interface (in response to which the wake screen is redisplayed over a currently displayed user interface, or in response to which the device is woken to the screen-on state and the wake-screen user interface is displayed as soon as the display is turned on). For example, in
Maintaining display of a set of missed notifications after detecting intermediate inputs for dismissing and redisplaying a wake screen user interface makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to display the wake screen repeatedly (e.g., to view the time or check for an incoming notification) while maintaining a list of missed notifications for the user to handle when the user is ready to interact with the notifications (without requiring the user to provide input for redisplaying the missed notifications while the wake screen is displayed).
In some embodiments (620), the second input for dismissing the wake screen user interface is an input for displaying a first user interface (e.g., an application user interface such as messages user interface 530 or music user interface 560, a settings management user interface, a springboard user interface (home screen user interface 522) that includes a plurality of application launch icons, etc.) that is distinct from the wake screen user interface, the first user interface is displayed in response to the second input (e.g., after the wake screen user interface is dismissed, the first user interface is revealed from underneath the wake screen user interface), and the third input for redisplaying the wake screen user interface was received while the first user interface is displayed. For example, in
Redisplaying the wake screen in response to input received while a first user interface (such as an application user interface, a springboard user interface, or a settings management user interface) is displayed allows a user to access the wake screen (and any missed notifications displayed on the wake screen) at all times while using the device. This makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to access the wake screen without requiring the user to navigate through multiple interfaces to gain access to the wake screen).
In some embodiments (622), the third input for redisplaying the wake screen user interface 504 is received while a content playback application is active (e.g., in response to an activation input as described with regard to
Displaying at least one media playback control on the wake screen user interface (e.g., in addition to the time and/or missed notifications) while a content playback application is active allows a user to control playback via the displayed media playback control immediately upon waking the device, or by accessing the wake screen at any time while using the device. This makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to view the time and/or missed notifications while accessing the device to control media playback without needing to unlock the device and/or navigate through multiple interfaces.
In some embodiments, while the wake screen user interface 504 is displayed, the device detects (624) a fourth input by a contact on the touch-sensitive surface, including detecting movement of the contact along the touch-sensitive surface in a first direction (e.g., downwards) and detecting lift-off of the contact after the movement (e.g., as described with regard to
Providing visual feedback, such as a “rubber band effect” simulated by moving at least one object in accordance with movement of a contact and reversing the movement of the at least one object upon lift-off of the contact, enhances operability of the device by providing an intuitive indication to the user that the wake screen is responsive to input such as a swipe input) to view additional notifications and thereby helping the user to provide proper inputs to achieve a desired outcome. The indication is intuitive because the user receives the information without the need to display additional instruction to the user for understanding the feature).
In some embodiments, while displaying the one or more notifications on the wake screen user interface, the device detects (626) a fifth input by a contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a tap input) at a location that corresponds to a first notification of the one or more notifications. In response to detecting the fifth input, the device ceases to display the wake screen user interface and displays a first application user interface for a first application that corresponds to the first notification. For example, in
Displaying an application user interface for an application that corresponds to a notification in response to input detected at a location that corresponds to the notification makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to interact with an application with minimal input immediately upon waking the device or otherwise accessing a missed notification on the wake screen user interface.
In some embodiments, while displaying the first application user interface for the first application that corresponds to the first notification (e.g., messages application user interface 530, as shown in
Forgoing display of a notification on the wake screen user interface after displaying an application interface of an application that corresponds to the notification reduces the amount of information displayed on the redisplayed wake screen. Reducing the amount of information displayed on the redisplayed wake screen makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to access notification information that the user has not previously reviewed without having to navigate past information that the user has previously reviewed (e.g., when accessing an application interface for an application that corresponds to the notification).
In some embodiments, after detecting the sixth input, while displaying the wake screen user interface 504, the device detects (630) a seventh input for dismissing the wake screen user interface (e.g., including detecting an upward swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface). In response to detecting the seventh input for dismissing the wake screen user interface, the device ceases to display the wake screen user interface (e.g., by pulling the wake screen user interface 504, which is used as a “cover sheet” user interface, upward), and redisplays the first application user interface for the first application. For example,
Redisplaying a last displayed user interface after dismissing the wake screen user interface allows the user to return to a previous operating context without requiring multiple inputs, thereby making the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by reducing the number of inputs needed to return to a previously viewed user interface).
In some embodiments, while the first application user interface for the first application (e.g., messages user interface 530 for a messages application) is redisplayed, the device detects (632) an eighth input (e.g., as described with regard to
Maintaining display of a set of missed notifications after detecting intermediate inputs for dismissing and redisplaying a wake screen user interface makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to display the wake screen repeatedly (e.g., to view the time or check for an incoming notification) while maintaining a list of missed notifications for the user to handle when the user is ready to interact with the notifications (without requiring the user to provide input for redisplaying the missed notifications while the wake screen is displayed).
In some embodiments, after displaying the at least one second notification without displaying the first notification on the wake screen user interface (e.g., in
Automatically clearing a set of missed notifications in accordance with a determination that notification-clearance criteria are met makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by providing the user with the ability to clear multiple notifications without requiring the user to manually dismiss each notification. Enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device.
In some embodiments, while displaying the wake screen user interface with all of the one or more notifications (e.g., before the user interacted with one of the notifications or opened an application that corresponds to one of the one or more notifications), the device detects (636) a third transitioning from the screen-on state to the screen-off state (e.g., the transition is triggered when an amount of time that has passed since a last input was received increased above a threshold time, or when an input is received at a control for shutting off the display) followed by a fourth transition from the screen-off state to the screen-on state (e.g., when an input is received to wake the device or turn on the display). For example, a transition from the screen-on state to the screen-off state is shown in
Maintaining display of a set of missed notifications after a transition from the screen-on state to the screen-off state followed by a transition from the screen-off state to the screen-on state makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to display the wake screen repeatedly (e.g., to view the time or check for an incoming notification) while maintaining a list of missed notifications for the user to handle when the user is ready to interact with the notifications (without requiring the user to provide input for redisplaying the missed notifications while the wake screen is displayed).
In some embodiments, while displaying the wake screen user interface with the one or more notifications, the device detects (638) a tenth input (e.g., an upward swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface) for displaying an authentication user interface 518 (e.g., including a password input prompt, such as a number pad). In response to detecting the tenth input for displaying the authentication user interface: the device ceases to display the wake screen user interface 504 and displays the authentication user interface 518. For example, in response to an input described with regard to
Maintaining display of a set of missed notifications after detecting intermediate inputs for dismissing and redisplaying a wake screen user interface makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to display the wake screen repeatedly (e.g., to view the time or check for an incoming notification) while maintaining a list of missed notifications for the user to handle when the user is ready to interact with the notifications (without requiring the user to provide input for redisplaying the missed notifications while the wake screen is displayed).
In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that the third input meets the notification-clearance criteria, the device adds (640), to a set of recent notifications, one or more cleared notifications that correspond to the at least one of the one or more notifications not displayed on the wake screen user interface. In some embodiments, when the notification-clearance criteria are met, all of the missed notifications are cleared from the wake screen user interface/cover sheet user interface, and are added to a list of recent notifications. In some embodiments, when a missed notification is individually cleared by direct user interaction with that notification, that notification is added to the list of recent notifications.
Adding a cleared notification to a set of recent notifications makes the cleared notification available for future user access. Making a cleared notification available for future user access makes the user-device interface more efficient by allowing a user to view notification content associated with multiple applications without individually accessing each application).
In some embodiments, after adding the one or more cleared notifications to the set of recent notifications, while the wake screen user interface is displayed, the device detects (642) a twelfth input (e.g., an upward swipe on the touch-screen that pulls on a currently displayed notification, or an input on a control for revealing recent notifications). In response to detecting the twelfth input, in accordance with a determination that the twelfth input meets recent-notification-display criteria, the device displays at least a portion of the set of recent notifications (e.g., overlaid on the wake screen user interface). For example, In
Displaying notifications from a set of recent notifications in response to input on the wake screen user interface allows a user to view a sequential list of notification content (e.g., including notifications that were previously cleared). Allowing a user to view a sequential list of notification content received by the device makes the user-device interface more efficient by allowing a user to view notification content associated with multiple applications without individually accessing each application).
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
The operations described above with reference to
As described below, method 700 provides an intuitive way to display a notification history. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when displaying a notification history, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to display a notification history faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (702), on display 112, a first user interface, including displaying one or more missed notifications in a first scrollable arrangement (e.g., a first scrollable list) on the first user interface. For example, in
While displaying the first user interface with the one or more missed notifications, the device detects (704) a first swipe gesture (e.g., as shown in
In response to detecting the first swipe gesture, the device scrolls (706) the first scrollable arrangement in accordance with the first movement of the first contact (e.g., notifications 586-592 move upward in response to the input illustrated at
After scrolling the first scrollable arrangement in accordance with the first movement of the first contact, the device detects (708) a second swipe gesture, including detecting a second contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first scrollable arrangement and detecting second movement of the second contact across the touch-sensitive surface in the first direction (e.g., as shown in
In response to detecting the second swipe gesture (710): in accordance with a determination that the second movement of the second contact meets notification-history-display criteria, the device displays a plurality of previously received notifications that are distinct from the one or more missed notifications in a second scrollable arrangement on the first user interface (e.g., the device displays previously received notifications 506-512, which are distinct from missed notifications 586-592). The notification-history-display criteria require (1) that the second movement of the second contact is detected after an end (e.g., a bottommost missed notification 5102) of the first scrollable arrangement has been reached in accordance with the first movement of the first contact and (2) that the second movement exceeds a first threshold amount of movement (e.g., as indicated at 5108) in the first direction. In accordance with the determination that the second movement of the first contact does not meet the notification-history-display criteria, the device forgoes displaying the plurality of previously received notifications (and, optionally, continuing to scroll the first scrollable arrangement in accordance with the second movement of the second contact).
This method relates to a way to combine the functions of a wake screen user interface and a notification history screen into a wake screen user interface. The wake screen user interface displays missed notifications, and in response to specific inputs notification history is displayed in the wake screen user interface as well. Displaying previously received notifications in accordance with a determination that movement of a contact meets notification history display criteria allows a user to view a sequential list notification content received by the device (e.g., including notifications that were previously cleared). The notifications in the second scrollable arrangement remain undisplayed when swipe input does not meet the notification-history-display criteria, so that the user does not unintentionally reveal previously cleared notifications. Allowing a user to view a sequential list of notification content received by the device makes the user-device interface more efficient by allowing a user to view notification content associated with multiple applications without individually accessing each application. Leaving the notifications in the second scrollable arrangement undisplayed when swipe input does not meet the notification-history-display criteria allows the user to navigate among the missed notifications in the first scrollable arrangement without unintentionally viewing previously cleared notifications.
In some embodiments (712), the first user interface is a wake screen user interface 504, and the first user interface is displayed immediately upon waking the device from the display-off state to the display-on state. For example, FIGS. 5A1-5A4 show display of a wake screen user interface 504 when device 100 transitions from a display-off state to a display-on state.
In some embodiments, while displaying the one or more missed notifications in the first scrollable arrangement on the first user interface, the device detects (714) a missed notification dismissal input for dismissing a respective notification of the one or more missed notifications in the first scrollable arrangement. For example, input to dismiss notification 592 is illustrated in
Ceasing to display a notification after detecting a missed notification dismissal input for dismissing the notification reduces the number of notifications displayed on the first user interface after the user has provided input that indicates the notification has been viewed and/or handled by the user. Reducing the number of notifications displayed on the first user interface makes the user-device interface more efficient by allowing a user to more quickly locate and address notifications that have not been previously viewed and/or handled by the user.
In some embodiments, while the first user interface is displayed, the device detects (716) a third swipe gesture (e.g., as shown at
Providing visual feedback, such as a “rubber band effect” simulated by translating the scrollable arrangement of missed notifications in accordance with movement of a contact and reversing the translation of the scrollable arrangement upon lift-off of the contact, enhances operability of the device by providing an intuitive indication to the user that the first user interface is responsive to input (such as a swipe input) to view additional notifications.
In some embodiments, while displaying the plurality of previously received notifications in the second scrollable arrangement on the first user interface, the device detects (718) a fourth swipe gesture (e.g., as shown at
Scrolling through the notification history or dismissing the notification history based on the same swipe gesture in accordance with whether the notification-history-dismissal criteria are met enhances the operability of the user interface and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by performing different functions based on whether predefined conditions are met), which additionally improves the battery life of the device.
In some embodiments, while displaying the first user interface, the device detects (720) a first user interface dismissal input for input (e.g., as shown at
In some embodiments, the device includes one or more tactile output generators (722), and while the first user interface is displayed, in accordance with the determination that the second movement of the second contact meets the notification-history-display criteria (e.g., as described with regard to
Generating a tactile output to indicate that criteria for displaying the plurality of previously received notifications have been met provides the user with feedback about the input that is required to meet notification-history-display criteria. Providing the user with feedback about the input that is required to meet notification-history-display criteria makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments (724), the first contact moves with a first rate of movement during the first swipe gesture, scrolling the first scrollable arrangement occurs at a first scroll rate that corresponds to the first rate of movement by the first contact (e.g., the scroll rate matches the first rate of movement); the second contact moves with a second rate of movement during the second swipe gesture; and displaying the plurality of previously received notifications in the second scrollable arrangement includes scrolling a first previously received notification of the plurality of previously received notifications in the second scrollable arrangement at a second scroll rate that is greater than the second rate of movement by the second contact (e.g., to provide an appearance of the previously received notifications in the second scrollable arrangement “catching up” with the second contact). For example, as the contact indicated by focus selector 5106 moves along touch screen 112 as shown in
Scrolling a first previously received notification of the plurality of previously received notifications in the second scrollable arrangement at a second scroll rate that is greater than the second rate of movement by the second contact provides the user with visual feedback about the input that is required to meet notification-history-display criteria (e.g., by giving the user of a sense of the notifications in the second scrollable arrangement “racing to catch up” with the second contact when the criteria are met). Providing the user with feedback about the input that is required to meet notification-history-display criteria makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, the device detects (726) a fifth swipe gesture, including detecting a fifth contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface and detecting fifth movement of the fifth contact across the touch-sensitive surface in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first direction (e.g., leftward or rightward). In response to detecting the fifth swipe gesture, in accordance with a determination that the first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a first notification among the one or more missed notifications or the plurality of previously received notifications, the device moves the first notification in accordance with the movement of the fifth contact (e.g., the input shown in
This heuristic allows a swipe gesture (e.g., a horizontal swipe gesture) to have different responses depending on whether the gesture corresponds to a missed notification or corresponds to a location outside of scrollable arrangements of missed notifications. This heuristic enhances operability of the device by providing different responses to the same gesture depending on the location of the gesture rather than requiring the device to provide a different gesture type (in turn requiring the user to learn the additional gesture type) to obtain the different responses.
In some embodiments, the device detects (728) that criteria for dismissing all of the one or more missed notifications in the first scrollable arrangement are met (e.g., via one or more inputs that include user interaction with all of the missed notifications, via one or more inputs for accessing one or more applications associated with the missed notifications, and/or by satisfying notification clearance criteria that require input that is received at a time that is (1) after a respective notification of the one or more notifications has been cleared through direct user interaction with the respective notification or an application that corresponds to the respective notification and (2) after the device has transitioned from the screen-on state to the screen-off state at least once since the last direct user interaction that dismissed a respective notification). In response to detecting that the criteria for dismissing all of the one or more missed notifications are met, the device adds, to the plurality of previously received notifications, all of the one or more missed notifications (and forgoing displaying those one or more missed notifications the next time that the first user interface is displayed). For example, in
In some embodiments, while displaying the first user interface without any missed notifications (e.g., after detecting that the criteria for dismissing all of the one or more missed notifications in the first scrollable arrangement have been met and adding the one or more missed notifications to the plurality of previously received notifications), the device detects (730) a sixth swipe gesture (e.g., as shown in
Displaying a plurality of previously received notifications after displaying the first user interface without any missed notifications allows a user to recall missed notifications (e.g., even after providing input to clear all missed notifications). Enabling the user to recall the missed notifications makes the user-device interface more efficient and by allowing the user to view content received and/or generated by the device without needing to access multiple applications. Additionally, a user can provide input to clear notifications with the knowledge that the notification will be recoverable if the user subsequently wishes to view the notification content.
In some embodiments, while the first user interface is displayed without any missed notifications (e.g., after detecting that the criteria for dismissing all of the one or more missed notifications in the first scrollable arrangement have been met and adding the one or more missed notifications to the plurality of previously received notifications), the device detects (732) a seventh swipe gesture (e.g., as shown at
Providing visual feedback, such as a “rubber band effect” simulated by translating at least one object in accordance with movement of a contact and reversing the translation of the at least one object upon lift-off of the contact, enhances operability of the device by providing an intuitive indication to the user that the wake screen is responsive to input (such as a swipe input) to view notifications (e.g., even when the user is viewing a first user interface that does not include display of any missed notifications).
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
The operations described above with reference to
As described below, method 800 provides an intuitive way to display updating information from an application in a floating banner. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when accessing information that is displayed in the floating banner, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, displaying updating information from an application in floating banner that is visible in various operating contexts allows the user to operate the device faster and more efficiently, which conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The device displays (802) a first user interface (e.g., an application user interface, a home screen user interface, a lock screen user interface, etc.) on the display. For example, in
The device displays (804) a first user interface object overlaid on a first portion of the first user interface (e.g., the device displays a banner object, such as navigation banner 5160, overlaid on a user interface of an application, such as map application user interface 5154), where the banner object is initially stationary relative to the user interface of the application. In some embodiments, the first user interface object is displayed when a persistent banner display mode of an application is active. In some embodiments, persistent banner display modes include a navigation mode of a maps application, and the first user interface object is a banner that includes navigation information, such as text and/or an icon indicating information associated with a next step in a navigation sequence (e.g., navigation information includes navigation text 5178 and navigation direction image 5180, as shown in
While displaying the first user interface object overlaid on the first portion of the first user interface, the device detects (806) a first input (e.g., a downward swipe input from an upper edge of the display 112, as shown at
In response to detecting the first input for displaying the cover sheet user interface 504, the device moves (808) the cover sheet user interface 504 across the display in a first direction (e.g., downward). For example, cover sheet user interface 504 slides down over map application user interface 5154, as shown at
Many electronic devices display user interface objects that have a layer order (i.e., a z-order or front-to-back order of the user interface objects). A user typically interacts with such objects by repositioning them on the display, and overlapping objects are displayed on the display in accordance with their front-to-back order (e.g., an object that is “in front” of another object is displayed where the two objects overlap). As used in the specification, a “layer order” is the front-to-back order of objects in a user interface (e.g., in an electronic document). Thus, if two objects overlap, the object that is higher in the layer order (e.g., the object that is “on top of” or “in front of”) is displayed at any points where the two objects overlap, thereby partially obscuring the object that is lower in the layer order (e.g., the object that is “beneath” or “behind” or “in back of” the other object).
In accordance with a determination that the first user interface object has not reached a predefined threshold position relative to the cover sheet user interface (e.g., relative to a position between the first content object (e.g., missed notifications 5164 and/or 5168) and the second content object (e.g., time/date object 582) in the cover sheet user interface 504), the device moves the first content object and the second content object (e.g., in unison) with the background object 5163 while maintaining a current position of the first user interface object (e.g., navigation banner 5160) on the display (e.g., as shown in
Method 800 relates to combining display of a user interface object that is overlaid on an initial user interface (e.g., a home screen user interface) with a newly displayed user interface (e.g., a cover sheet user interface). Specifically, some of the objects on the newly displayed user interface move past the first user interface object, while other objects on the newly displayed user interface “catches” the first user interface object and pushes it to its final position on the newly displayed user interface. This heuristic brings attention to the first user interface object (e.g., a banner object) by moving or not moving the first user interface object with the background object depending on whether the first user interface object has reached a predefined threshold position relative to a cover sheet interface. Bringing attention to the first user interface object improves the user-device interface, e.g., by helping the user to understand the connection between the banner content and the application from which the banner content originated. Displaying the banner improves the operability of the device by allowing the user to view content from an application without needing to navigate to the application, reducing the number of inputs required from the user to obtain banner content (e.g., navigation information).
In some embodiments, moving the cover sheet user interface 504 across the display in the first direction includes (810), in accordance with a determination that the second content object (e.g., the time and date object 582) has reached a first predefined location (e.g., the default position for the time and date on the display when the cover sheet is fully displayed) on the display, ceasing to move the second content object (e.g., the time and date 582) and the first user interface object (e.g., the banner 5160) and continuing to move the first content object (the one or more missed notifications) in the first direction (e.g., to make room for the banner object 5160 between the top missed notifications (e.g., notifications 5164 and 5168) and the current time and date object 582. For example, as cover sheet user interface 504 slides down in
Ceasing to move some of the content object while continuing to move other content objects on the cover sheet user interface allows the cover sheet user interface to be rearranged to accommodate the first user interface object (e.g., the banner), while providing visual continuity to the user, thereby reducing user mistakes when operating the device and enhance the operability of the device.
In some embodiments, the device ceases (812) to continue to move the first content object (e.g., the one or more missed notifications) in the first direction in accordance with a determination that the first content object has reached a second predefined location on the display (e.g., ceasing to move the missed notifications once the missed notifications have completely moved past the banner object).
Continuing to move the content objects on the cover sheet user interface until they reach their final locations allows the cover sheet user interface to be rearranged to accommodate the first user interface object (e.g., the banner), while providing visual continuity to the user, thereby reducing user mistakes when operating the device and enhance the operability of the device.
In some embodiments, the device transitions (814) from a screen-on state (as shown in
Displaying a first user interface object (e.g., a banner) when the device is in a screen-off state (e.g., displaying the first user interface object on an otherwise dark screen or on a screen that displays only one or more received notifications in addition to the first user interface object) provides the user with high priority information (e.g., navigation information) while the display forgoes displaying other content. Displaying the first user interface object (and/or the one or more missed notifications) while forgoing display of other content makes the user-device interface more efficient by reducing the amount of power required for the display. Additionally, displaying the first user interface object (and/or the one or more missed notifications) while forgoing display of other content eliminates the need for the user to wake the display from a screen-off state to display the first user interface object.
In some embodiments, while the display is in the screen-off state and the first user interface object is displayed on the display, the device receives (816) one or more notifications and, in response to receiving the one or more notifications, the device displays the first user interface object (e.g., the banner) and a third content object (e.g., the one or more notifications) on the first user interface (e.g., the one or more missed notifications are displayed under the first user interface object). For example, in
Displaying one or more received notifications when the device is in a screen-off state (e.g., displaying the one or more received notifications on an otherwise dark screen or on a screen that displays only a first user interface object in addition to the one or more received notifications) provides the user with high priority information (e.g., navigation information) while the display forgoes displaying other content. Displaying the one or more received notifications (and/or the first user interface object) while forgoing display of other content makes the user-device interface more efficient by reducing the amount of power required for the display. Additionally, displaying the one or more missed notifications (and/or the first user interface object) while forgoing display of other content eliminates the need for the user to wake the display from a screen-off state to display the one or more missed notifications.
In some embodiments, the device transitions (818) the device from a screen-off state to a screen-on state (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 5A1-5A3 and 5EA-5EB) in accordance with a determination that display-waking criteria are met (e.g., a power button is pressed or the device orientation is changed in a certain way (e.g., picked up by a user), or a notification event is detected). In response to transitioning the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state, the device displays the first user interface object (and no other objects) on a dark screen that corresponds to the display-off state. For example, in
Displaying a first user interface object (e.g., a banner) when the device is in a screen-off state (e.g., displaying the first user interface object on an otherwise dark screen or on a screen that displays only one or more received notifications in addition to the first user interface object) provides the user with high priority information (e.g., navigation information) while the display forgoes displaying other content. Displaying the first user interface object (and/or the one or more missed notifications) while forgoing display of other content makes the user-device interface more efficient by reducing the amount of power required for the display. Additionally, displaying the first user interface object (and/or the one or more missed notifications) while forgoing display of other content eliminates the need for the user to wake the display from a screen-off state to display the first user interface object.
In some embodiments, while the cover sheet interface is displayed, the device detects (820) a third input (e.g., as shown at
Displaying the first user interface object (e.g., a banner, such as navigation banner 5160) overlaid on the home screen makes the user-device interface more efficient by allowing the user to view the first user interface object after accessing the home screen without needing to navigate from the home screen to the application that generated the content of the first user interface object.
In some embodiments, while displaying the first user interface object overlaid on the home screen user interface (or a user interface of an application), the device detects (822) an input for minimizing the first user interface object (e.g., a upward swipe gesture on the banner, as shown at
Transitioning the first user interface object into a second user interface object in response to detecting input for minimizing the first user interface object makes the user-device interface more efficient by allowing the user to simultaneously view content of the home screen user interface that would otherwise be covered by the first user interface object and information from the first user interface object that is contained in the second user interface object (e.g., without needing to navigate from the home screen to the application that generated the content of the first user interface object).
In some embodiments, while the second user interface object is displayed, the device determines (824) that the display shutoff criteria are met. In response to determining that the display shutoff criteria are met, the device transitions the device from the screen-on state to a screen-off state, transitions the second user interface object into the first user interface object; and displays the first user interface object overlaid a dark screen corresponding to the screen-off state (e.g., a direct transition from
Transitioning the second user interface object into a first user interface object in response to determining that display shutoff criteria are met provides the user with a larger object for increased visibility when the device is likely to be distant from the user (e.g., on a table or in a car rather than in the user's hand). Providing the user with a larger object for increased visibility reduces power usage and improves battery life by providing information without requiring the user to wake the device and/or navigate to an application that generated the content of the first user interface object.
In some embodiments, while the second user interface object is displayed, the device detects (826) an input for activating the second user interface object (e.g., a tap input on the second user interface object). For example, in
Displaying an application user interface of an application that corresponds to the second user interface object in response to detecting input for activating the second user interface object provides the user with direct access to an application that corresponds to the second user interface object (e.g., the user can access the application that corresponds to the second user interface object from any page of a multi-page home screen without needing to provide input to navigate to an application launch icon on a different page of the home screen, within a folder on the home screen, etc.). This makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by reducing the number of inputs required to access an application user interface of an application that corresponds to the second user interface object.
In some embodiments, while the first user interface object is displayed (e.g., overlaid over the first user interface or overlaid over the cover sheet user interface 504), the device detects (828) an input that activates the first user interface object (e.g., a tap input on the first user interface object). For example, in
In some embodiments, the application that corresponds to the second user interface object is an application that also corresponds to the first user interface object.
Displaying an application user interface of an application that corresponds to the first user interface object in response to detecting input for activating the first user interface object provides the user with direct access to an application that corresponds to the first user interface object (e.g., the user can access the application that corresponds to the first user interface object directly from the first user interface or the cover sheet user interface without providing input to navigate to the home screen.) This makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by reducing the number of inputs required to access an application user interface of an application that corresponds to the first user interface object.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
The operations described above with reference to
As described below, method 900 provides an intuitive way to navigate using a cover sheet. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user for accessing various controls that are available from user interfaces that are accessible via input provided at the cover sheet, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate using a cover sheet faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
While the device is in a screen-off state, the device detects (902) a first input for waking the device from the screen-off state to a screen-on state (e.g., the device detects a state change indicating that the device has been picked up, as described with regard to FIGS. 5EC1-5EC4, or the device detects an input at a control, such as push button 106, for waking the device).
In response to detecting the first input for waking the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state, the device transitions (904) the device from the screen-off state to the screen-on state (e.g., as shown at FIGS. 5EC2-5EC3), and displays a wake screen user interface 504 on the display 112. In some embodiments, the wake screen user interface 504 is redisplayed as a cover sheet user interface that covers an existing user interface in response to a cover sheet call-up command, and re-reveals the existing user interface that was covered by the cover sheet user interface in response to a cover-sheet dismissal command.
While displaying the wake screen user interface, the device detects (906) a first swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface 112 (e.g., a swipe gesture as shown at
In response to detecting the first swipe gesture, the device (908) ceases to display the wake screen user interface 504 and displays a first user interface. In accordance with a determination that the first swipe gesture is in a first direction (e.g., rightward, as shown in
The wake screen user interface 504 has a fixed positional relationship relative to the mini-application-object screen 5140 and the control panel user interface 5138. Allowing the user to use directional gestures to navigate to either the mini-application-object screen or the control panel user interface enhances the operability of the device (e.g., by reducing the number of controls displayed on a wake screen user interface) and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by reducing visual clutter and reducing user mistakes due to the visual clutter), which, additionally, improves the battery life of the device.
In some embodiments, while the wake screen user interface 504 is displayed, the device displays (910) one or more notifications (e.g., notification 5188, as shown in
Displaying restricted notification information in response to detecting a second input for transitioning the device from an unauthenticated state to an authenticated state allows the device to provide a user with an indication that a notification was received without disclosing full notification information to unauthenticated individuals able to view the device display. This makes the user-device interface more efficient and enhances the operability of the device by allowing a user to view information about incoming notifications without needing to wake the device (e.g., without jeopardizing the privacy of the notification content).
In some embodiments, while displaying the first user interface in response to the first swipe gesture, the device detects (912) a second swipe gesture (e.g., as shown in
Redisplaying a last displayed user interface after dismissing the first user interface (e.g., the wake screen user interface/cover sheet user interface) enhances the operability of the device by reducing the number of steps needed to navigate back to the previous user interface, and the consistent behavior also reduces user mistakes which makes the user-device interface more efficient.
In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second user interface is a home screen user interface 522, the device displays (914), in the home screen user interface, an object (e.g., navigation banner 5160) that displays content from a first active application (e.g., an application that has updating content, such as an application that last had focus and includes updating content, or an application that has a highest priority among multiple applications that includes updating content). In accordance with a determination that a state of the first active application has changed, the device updates the content displayed in the object in accordance with the changed state of the first active application. For example, navigation content shown in navigation object 5160 (shown in pill form in
Updating the content displayed in an object in the home screen user interface in accordance with a changed state of an active application provides information to a user from an active application without displaying the full application user interface. This makes the user-device interface more efficient by allowing a user to determine that an application is operating in an active mode without providing input to navigate from the home screen to the application user interface.
In some embodiments, while displaying the second user interface in response to the second swipe gesture, the device detects (916) a third swipe gesture (e.g., as shown at
In some embodiments, the control center user interface 5138 is displayed in response to a left swipe on the wake screen user interface 504 (e.g., as shown at
Redisplaying the first user interface from any user interface (e.g., the home screen user interface or an application user interface) using the same gesture enhances the operability of the device (e.g., by reducing the number of steps needed to navigate to the first user interface), and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by providing a consistent way to bring about the first user interface and thereby reducing user mistakes).
In some embodiments, the wake screen user interface is displayed (918) with an affordance (e.g., a navigation banner 5160) that displays content from a second active application (e.g., an application, that is the same as the first active application or distinct from the first active application, that has updating content (such as an application that last had focus and includes updating content, or an application that has a highest priority among multiple applications that includes updating content)). For example, navigation banner 5160 shown in
Updating the content displayed in the affordance displayed in the wake screen user interface in accordance with a changed state of an active application provides information to a user from an active application without displaying the full application user interface. This makes the user-device interface more efficient by allowing a user to receive information from the application without providing input to navigate from the wake screen user interface to the application user interface.
In some embodiments, the wake screen user interface 504 includes (920) a first control (e.g., flashlight control 5190 and/or camera control 5192) of the one or more device controls of the control panel user interface 5138 (e.g., as shown in
Providing controls from the control panel user interface on the wake screen user interface allows the user to access the same control functions from multiple locations, and thereby making the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by reducing the number of steps needed to navigate to the control).
In some embodiments, the first control requires (922) a first type of input to activate a first function while displayed on the wake screen user interface and the first control requires a second type of input to activate the first function while displayed on the control panel user interface. In some embodiments, the first control requires different inputs for activating the same function (e.g., a press input is required to toggle the flashlight control 5190 on the wake screen user interface 504, as described with regard to
Requiring a different input to activate a function from the wake screen than the input that is required to activate the same function from the control center prevents accidental operation of the function (e.g., operation of the flashlight) when the phone wakes at a time that the user does not intend to operate the phone. This saves battery life (e.g., by not using battery to operate the flashlight when the flashlight is not needed).
In some embodiments, the first control (e.g., camera control 5192) is also displayed on the home screen user interface 522 (924), and a press input directed to the first control while displayed on the home screen user interface causes display of a plurality of selectable options (e.g., as shown in menu 5220), and a press input directed to the first control while displayed on the wake screen user interface does not cause display of the plurality of selectable options.
Displaying a plurality of selectable options in response to press input at control displayed on the home screen user interface and not displaying the plurality of selectable options when a press input is received at the same control displayed on the wake screen user interface prevents accidental access to functions among the plurality of selectable options (e.g., taking a photo) when the phone wakes at a time that the user does not intend to operate the phone. This saves battery life (e.g., by not using battery to operate the camera when the camera is not needed).
In some embodiments, the wake screen has a plurality of luminosity display modes (e.g., bright mode, as shown in
In some embodiments, while displaying the wake screen user interface, the device displays (926) a first object (e.g., a time-date indicator 582) at a first position on the display 112 (e.g., the center of the first object is aligned with the horizontal symmetric center line of the display 112). In accordance with the determination that the first swipe gesture is in the first direction (e.g., as shown in
Shifting a position of a first object (e.g., a time-date indicator) in response to swipe gesture input provides an indication of a location of a current user interface relative to the wake screen user interface. Providing an indication of a location of a current user interface relative to the wake screen user interface reduces the number of inputs needed to return to the wake screen user interface by reducing the need for a user (e.g., a user that is new to the interface arrangement) to experimentally swipe in order to recall the location of a desired user interface relative to a current user interface.
It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in
The operations described above with reference to
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 18/099,839, filed Jan. 20, 2023, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/852,235, filed Jun. 28, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,567,654, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/458,201, filed Aug. 26, 2021, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,435,894, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/915,971, filed Jun. 29, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,106,352, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/354,012, filed Mar. 14, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,788,979, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/715,005, filed Sep. 25, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,466,889, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/507,181, filed May 16, 2017, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62507181 | May 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 18099839 | Jan 2023 | US |
| Child | 18202863 | US | |
| Parent | 17852235 | Jun 2022 | US |
| Child | 18099839 | US | |
| Parent | 17458201 | Aug 2021 | US |
| Child | 17852235 | US | |
| Parent | 16915971 | Jun 2020 | US |
| Child | 17458201 | US | |
| Parent | 16354012 | Mar 2019 | US |
| Child | 16915971 | US | |
| Parent | 15715005 | Sep 2017 | US |
| Child | 16354012 | US |
