Claims
- 1. Apparatus for storing and delivering liquid cryogen, comprising:
- an insulated vessel having spaced end walls and a side wall extending between the end walls, the side wall being of such shape as to define a circle within a plane perpendicular to a first axis of the vessel and being arcuate about a second axis of the vessel lying in the plane;
- first means for supplying and delivering liquid cryogen to and from the vessel including a first conduit mounted in the vessel for rotation about the first axis as well as rotation about the second axis and being of such length that its open end closely circumscribes the inner surface of the side wall and sweeps closely past the arcuate inner surface of the side wall from one end wall to the other, as the orientation of the vessel changes,
- second means through which a gas may be supplied to or exhausted from the vessel above the level of the liquid cryogen, and
- means connecting the first conduit with the exterior of the vessel in such a manner that liquid cryogen may be supplied to or exhausted from the first conduit in any orientational positions of the vessel, the rotation of the first conduit permitting substantially all of the liquid cryogen in the vessel to be exhausted therefrom.
- 2. As in claim 1, wherein
- said second means includes a second conduit mounted in the vessel for rotation about the first axis with its open end generally opposed to the end of the first conduit.
- 3. As in 2, wherein
- the second conduit is mounted in the vessel for rotation about the second axis as well as the first axis.
- 4. As in claims 1 or 2, wherein
- the first conduit has an inner member extending from the connecting means within the vessel for rotation about the first axis and an outer member in which the open end is formed and pivotally connected to the inner member for rotation about the second axis to immerse the open end in the liquid cryogen.
- 5. As in claim 4, wherein
- the inner surfaces of the end walls are respectively concave and convex.
- 6. As in claims 1 or 2, wherein
- the first and second axes intersect, and
- the inner surface of the side wall is of spherical shape about a first center lying within the first axis.
- 7. As in claim 6, wherein
- the end walls are of spherical shape about centers which lie within the first axis on opposite sides of the first center.
- 8. As in 7, further including
- means for mounting the vessel within an outer housing and minimizing the amount of heat transferred between the housing and the vessel.
- 9. As in 8, wherein the mounting means includes
- a pair of reinforcing rings for closely fitting about the respective reinforcing rings, and
- a plurality of spokes extending radially inwardly from each of the reinforcing rings and converging at outer hubs supported in the outer housing walls, whereby the conductive heat transfer path is limited to the interface of the hubs with the outer housing walls.
- 10. As in claim 1, wherein the connecting means includes
- a central hub supported by the end walls for rotation about the first axis and on which the first conduit is mounted for rotation therewith, the hub having passages for connecting the first conduit with the exterior of the vessel.
- 11. As in claim 10, wherein the second means includes
- a second conduit which is also mounted on the hub for rotation therewith with its open end generally opposed to the end of the first conduit, and
- the hub passages also connect the second conduit with the exterior of the vessel.
- 12. As in 11, further comprising
- means for offsetting the center of mass of a rotating assembly including the hub and the first and second conduits to prevent the rotating assembly from achieving a stable position, whereby the first conduit is free to move with the liquid cryogen as the orientation of the vessel changes.
- 13. As in claim 12, wherein
- kicker means including a plurality of arms mounted to the hub and arranged as a right triangle with a hypotenuse arm that extends between a first end adjacent the intersection of the second axis and the inner surface of the side wall and a second end positioned generally along a third axis orthogonal to the first and second axes,
- means for restraining the first conduit to rotate about the first axis with the kicker means, and
- a weight slidable along the hypotenuse arm between its first and second ends in response to an external force acting on the weight.
- 14. As in 13, wherein
- the hypotenuse arm is hollow and weighted objects are contained therein for rolling therethrough between the first and second ends of the arm to further induce the open end of the first conduit to follow the liquid cryogen in the vessel.
- 15. As in claim 11, including
- a capacitance gauge for measuring the liquid cryogen content within said vessel mounted for rotation with the hub about the first axis.
- 16. As in claim 15, wherein the capacitance gauge comprises
- a first electrically conductive plate having outer edges conforming with the inner surfaces of the vessel,
- a second electrically conductive plate having outer edges conforming with the inner surfaces of the vessel and electrically isolated from but fastened to the first plate with a small gap between the plates, and
- electrical leads communicating electrical signals to the exterior of the vessel that are indicative of the liquid cryogen content within the vessel.
- 17. As in 16, including
- a kicker comprising a plurality of arms mounted to the hub and the capacitance gauge and arranged as a right triangle with a hypotenuse arm that extends between a first end adjacent the intersection of the second axis and the inner surface of the side wall and a second end generally along a third axis orthogonal to the first and second axes,
- means mounted to the capacitance gauge for inducing the first conduit to rotate about the first axis with the kicker, and
- a weight slidable along the hypotenuse arm between its first and second ends in response to an external force acting on the weight.
- 18. As in 17, wherein the rotation inducing means includes
- a bracket extending between the sides near an end of one of the plates to form a lateral guideway through which the end of the first conduit extends permitting the first conduit to slide across the plate from one end wall to the other.
- 19. As in claim 11, wherein
- the hub has axles on each side thereof rotatably mounted in bearings supported in the end walls,
- each bearing having a passage therethrough connecting with a passage in the hub to connect with outer openings in the vessel exterior,
- the passages in the hub comprising
- a through port connecting with one of the bearing passages, and
- a lateral port connecting the inner end of each of the respective conduits with the through port.
- 20. As in 19, wherein
- each conduit has a rigid outer portion and a flexible inner portion connecting the inner end of the conduit to one of the lateral ports,
- a longitudinal brace connects the rigid outer portions of the conduits for rotation with one another, and
- the hub includes slots therein diverging from the center thereof to accommodate pivoting of the conduits.
- 21. As in 20, wherein
- the brace extends through the slots which accommodate pivoting of the brace as the first conduit is rotated about the second axis by an external force acting thereon.
- 22. As in 11, wherein the hub includes
- a pair of hollow axles each rotatably mounted in a bearing means supported in the end walls, and
- a bellows positioned about one of the respective axles and having an annular face seal at one end of the bellows engaging an annular outer face of the one respective bearing means about the one axle to provide a rotating seal assembly between the hub and the one bearing means.
- 23. As in 22, wherein the hub further includes
- a metal diaphragm for sealing the interface between the end walls and the bearing means.
- 24. As in 23, including
- a pair of outer tubes each extending through an opening in the end wall and connected to an opening in the bearing housing for communicating the liquid cryogen and the gas, respectively, between the vessel and the exterior of the vessel.
- 25. As in 24, wherein
- each bearing means includes a rotary joint for communicating an electrical signal from at least one of the plates of the capacitance gauge through at least one of the outer tubes for indicating the level of liquid cryogen in the vessel.
- 26. As in 25, wherein the rotary joint includes
- an electrical pickup mounted in at least one of the bearing means and in which the end of at least one of the axles is supported for rotation, the axles being electrically conductive and wired to the plates of the capacitance gauge and the one electrical pickup being wired to the exterior of the vessel through one of the outer tubes, whereby an electrical signal is communicated from the plates to the exterior of the vessel.
- 27. As in 1, further comprising
- means for preventing the first conduit from achieving a stable position, whereby the first conduit is free to move with the liquid cryogen as the orientation of the vessel changes.
- 28. As in claim 27, wherein the preventing means includes
- means including a pair of arms mounted for rotation with the first conduit and disposed generally within said first plane,
- a first of the arms extending generally radially from the first axis along the second axis, and
- a second of the arms extending diagonally from near the side wall of the vessel to intersect at its outer end with the outer end of the first arm, and
- a weight slidable along the first arm from its inner end toward its outer end, in response to rotation of the first arm out of said plane.
- 29. As in 28, wherein
- the first arm is hollow and weighted objects are contained therein for sliding therein from one end to the other to further induce rotation, contained therein for rolling therethrough between the first and second ends of the arm to further induce the open end of the first conduit to follow the liquid cryogen in the vessel.
- 30. A system for filling an insulated pressure vessel with liquid cryogen, wherein the vessel includes means for venting gas therefrom to prevent overpressurization of the vessel, said system comprising:
- a source of pressurized gas
- means for regulating the gas below supercritical pressure;
- means for cooling the gas to a subcritical temperature at a subcritical pressure to obtain a cryogenic fluid; and
- means for delivering the cryogenic fluid to the pressure vessel.
- 31. The system of claim 30, wherein
- said cooling means includes means for passing the gas through a heat exchange coil immersed in a liquid nitrogen bath.
- 32. The system of claim 30, wherein
- said cooling means includes means for passing the gas through a heat exchange coil immersed in a closed cycle helium refrigerator.
- 33. The system of claim 30, wherein
- said cooling means include means for passing gas through a counter-flow liquid nitrogen heat exchanger.
- 34. A process for filling an insulated pressure vessel with liquid cryogen, comprising the steps of:
- cooling a gas received at a pressure below supercritical pressure and at ambient temperature to subcritical pressure and temperature to produce a cryogenic fluid;
- delivering the cryogenic fluid to the pressure vessel; and
- selectively venting gas from the pressure vessel to prevent overpressurization of the pressure vessel.
- 35. The process of claim 34, wherein
- the gas is subcritically cooled by passing the gas through a heat exchange coil immersed in a liquid nitrogen bath.
- 36. The process of claim 34, wherein
- the gas is subcritically cooled by passing the gas through a closed cycle helium refrigerator.
- 37. The process of claim 34, wherein
- the gas is subcritically cooled by passing the gas through a counter-flow liquid nitrogen heat exchanger.
Parent Case Info
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/512,363, filed Aug. 8, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,619,857, which was in turn, a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/957,599 filed Oct. 6, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,438,837.
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Foreign Referenced Citations (4)
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1154397 |
Oct 1957 |
FRX |
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FRX |
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Entry |
H.E. Agen et al., A Liquid Air Device For Cooling The Wearer of a Totally Enclosed Liquid Rocket Propellant Handler's Suit, H.E. Agen et al., pp. 196-202. |
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Continuation in Parts (2)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
512363 |
Aug 1995 |
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Parent |
957599 |
Oct 1992 |
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