Claims
- 1. A compound of the general formula ##STR8## having the (3S,4S) configuration and being essentially free of the (3R,4R) enantiomer, wherein A--B indicates an optional 1(2) or 6(1) double bond,
- R is
- (a) --Q wherein Q is a heterocyclic moiety having a labile hydrogen atom so that said moiety acts an a carboxylic acid group,
- (b) --R.sup.3 X wherein R.sup.3 is C1-C5 alkyl and X is
- (a') halogen,
- (a") --OR' wherein R' is C1-C5 alkyl,
- (a'") --OC(O)R'" wherein R'" is hydrogen or C1-C5 alkyl,
- (a"") --OC(O)--R.sup.4 Y wherein R.sup.4 is a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or heterocyclyl radical, said radical optionally including a hydroxyl or halogen substituent and Y is --OH, --C(O)O.sup.- B.sup.+, --SO.sub.3.sup.- B.sup.+, or --OPO.sub.3.sup.2- (B.sup.+).sub.2 wherein B.sup.+ is a cation of an alkali metal or ammonia or is an organic ammonium cation,
- --N(R'").sub.2.AH, --N(R'").sub.3.sup.+ A.sup.-, or a cyclic nitrogen radical selected from the group consisting of ##STR9## wherein R'" is as defined above, D is CH.sub.2, O, or NR'",
- (B.sup.+).sub.2 may additionally be an alkaline earth metal cation, and A is a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic anion,
- (b') --OC(O)O--R.sup.4 Y wherein R.sup.4 and Y are as defined above,
- (c') --OC(O)NH--R.sup.4 Y wherein R.sup.4 and Y are as defined above,
- (d') --OC(O)--R.sup.4 ZR.sup.4 Y wherein R.sup.4 and Y are as defined above and Z is O, S, SO, SO.sub.2, or NH,
- (e') --C(NH.sub.2.sup.+)--R.sup.4 A.sup.- wherein R.sup.4 and A are as defined above,
- (f') --OPO.sub.3.sup.2- (B.sup.+).sub.2 wherein B.sup.+ is as defined above, or
- (g') --OH,
- (c) --R.sup.3 N(R").sub.2 wherein R.sup.3 is as defined above and each R", which may be the same or different, is hydrogen or C1-C5 alkyl which may optionally contain a terminal --OR'" or --OC(O)R'" moiety wherein R'" is as defined above,
- (d) --R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.5 is C2-C5 alkyl, or, when A--B is absent,
- (e) --R.sup.3 OR'" wherein R.sup.3 and R'" are as defined above,
- G is
- (a) a halogen,
- (b) C1-C5 alkyl,
- (c) --OR" wherein R" is as previously defined,
- (d) --OC(O)R'" wherein R'" is as previously defined, or
- (e) --OR.sup.3 X wherein R.sup.3 and X are as defined above, provided that X in the definition of G may not be --OH when X in the definition of R is --OH, and
- R.sup.2 is
- (a) C1-C12 alkyl,
- (b) --OR"", in which R"" is a straight chain or branched C2-C9 alkyl which may be substituted at the terminal carbon atom by a phenyl group, or
- (c) --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 OR'" wherein n is an integer of 1 to 7 and R'" is as defined above;
- provided that G is not --OH when R is CH.sub.2 OH, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or quaternary ammonium compounds thereof.
- 2. A compound as in claim 1 of the general formula ##STR10## having the (3S,4S) configuration and being essentially free of the (3R,4R) enantiomer, wherein A--B indicates an optional 1(2) or 6(1) double bond,
- R is
- (a) --Q wherein Q is a heterocyclic moiety having a labile hydrogen atom so that said moiety acts as a carboxylic acid group,
- (b) --R.sup.3 X wherein R.sup.3 is C1-C5 alkyl and X is halogen, --OR' wherein R' is C1-C5 alkyl, or --OC (O)R'" wherein R'" is hydrogen or C1-C5 alkyl,
- (c) --R.sup.3 N(R").sub.2 wherein R.sup.3 is as defined above and each R", which may be the same or different, is hydrogen or C1-C5 alkyl which may optionally contain a terminal --OR'" or --OC(O)R'" moiety wherein R'" is as defined above,
- (d) --R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.5 is C2-C5 alkyl, or, when A--B is absent,
- (e) --R.sup.3 OR'" wherein R.sup.3 and R'" are as defined above,
- G is
- (a) a halogen,
- (b) C1-C5 alkyl,
- (c) --OR" wherein R" is as previously defined, provided that R" in the definition of F may not --OH when X in the definition of R is --OH, or
- (d) --OC(O)R'" wherein R'" is as previously defined, and
- R.sup.2 is
- (a) C1-C12 alkyl,
- (b) --OR"", in which R"" is a straight chain or branched C2-C9 alkyl which may be substituted at the terminal carbon atom by a phenyl group, or
- (c) --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 OR'" wherein n is an integer of 1 to 7 and R'" is as previously defined, and
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts or quaternary ammonium compound thereof.
- 3. A compound according to claim 2 in which G is hydroxy and R.sup.2 is 1,1-dimethylheptyl or 1,2-dimethylheptyl.
- 4. A compound according to claim 2 wherein Q is a saturated or unsaturated ring of 4 to 8 members of C, N, S, or O, optionally substituted with a --COR'" or --C(O)OR'" moiety wherein R'" is as previously defined.
- 5. A compound according to claim 4 wherein Q is tetrazol-5-yl.
- 6. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R.sup.2 is --OR"".
- 7. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R.sup.2 is --CH.sub.2).sub.2 OR'".
- 8. A compound according to claim 2 wherein A--B is a 6(1) double bond, R is R.sup.3 OR', and G is --OH.
- 9. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R is R.sup.3 and G is --OH.
- 10. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R is --R.sup.3 X.
- 11. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R is --R.sup.3 N(R").sub.2.
- 12. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R is R.sup.5.
- 13. A compound according to claim 2 wherein G is --OR".
- 14. A compound according to claim 2 wherein A--B is absent, G is --OH, and R.sup.2 is 1,1-dimethylheptyl.
- 15. A compound of the general formula ##STR11## having the (3S,4S) configuration and being essentially free of the (3R,4R) enantiomer, wherein A--B indicates an optional 1(2) or 6(1) double bond,
- R is --R.sup.3 X wherein R.sup.3 is C1-C5 alkyl and X is
- (a) --OC(O)--R.sup.4 Y wherein R.sup.4 is a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or heterocyclyl radical, said radical optionally including a hydroxyl or halogen substituent, and Y is --H, --OH, --C(O)O.sup.- B.sup.+, --SO.sub.3.sup.- B.sup.+, or --OPO.sub.3.sup.2- (B.sup.+).sub.2 wherein B.sup.+ is a cation of an alkali metal or ammonia or is an organic ammonium cation,
- --N(R'").sub.2.AH, --N(R'").sub.3.sup.+ A.sup.-, or a cyclic nitrogen radical selected from the group consisting of ##STR12## wherein R'" is hydrogen or C1-C5 alkyl, D is CH.sub.2, O, or NR'", (B.sup.+).sub.2 may additionally be an alkaline earth metal cation, and A is a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic anion,
- (b) --OC(O)O--R.sup.4 Y wherein R.sup.4 and Y are as defined above,
- (c) --OC(O)NH--R.sup.4 Y wherein R.sup.4 and Y are as defined above,
- (d) --OC(O)--R.sup.4 ZR.sup.4 Y wherein R.sup.4 and Y are as defined above and Z is O, S, SO, SO.sub.2, or NH,
- (e) --C(NH.sub.2.sup.+)--R4A.sup.- wherein R.sup.4 and A are as defined above,
- (f) --OPO.sub.3.sup.2- (B.sup.+).sub.2 wherein B.sup.+ is as defined above, or
- (g) --OH,
- G is
- (a) a halogen,
- (b) C1-C5 alkyl, or
- (c) --OR" wherein R" is as previously defined,
- (d) --OC(O)R'" wherein R'" is as previously defined,
- (e) X, or
- (f) --OR.sup.3 X wherein R.sup.3 and X are as defined above, provided that X in the definition of G may not be --OH when X in the definition of R is --OH, and
- R.sup.2 is
- (a) C1 -C12 alkyl,
- (b) --OR"", in which R"" is a straight chain or branched C2-C9 alkyl which may be substituted at the terminal carbon atom by a phenyl group, or
- (c) --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 OR'" wherein n is an integer of 1 to 7 and R'" is as defined above;
- provided that G is not --OH when R is CH.sub.2 OH, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or quaternary ammonium compound thereof.
- 16. A compound according to claim 15 in which G is hydroxy and R.sup.2 is 1,1-dimethylheptyl or 1,2-dimethylheptyl.
- 17. A compound according to claim 15 wherein one of X and G is --OC(O)CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2.HCl, --OC(O)CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.HCl, --OC(O)CH.sub.2 N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2.HCl, --OC(O)CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.3 +Br.sup.-, --OC(O)CH.sub.2 N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3.sup.+ Br.sup.-, morpholinoacetyloxy (hydrobromide), morpholinoacetyloxy quaternized with methyliodide, .omega.-morpholinobutyroyloxy (hydrobromide), .omega.-morpholinobutyroyloxy quaternized with methyliodide, N-methylpiperazinoacetyloxy (dihydrobromide), N-methylpiperazinoacetyloxy diquaternized with methyliodide, .omega.-(N-methylpiperazino)butyroyloxy (dihydrobromide), nicotinoyloxy (hydrochloride), nicotinoyloxy quaternized with methylchlorate, succinoyloxy (monoammonium salt), maleoyloxy (monoammonium salt), phthaloyloxy (monoammonium salt), 2-quinolinoyloxy (monoammonium salt), acetyloxy, bromoacetyloxy, trifluoroacetyloxy, or disodium phosphoroyloxy.
- 18. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R.sup.2 is 1,1-dimethylheptyl, G is --OH, and R is --CH.sub.2 OC(O)CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2.HCl, --CH.sub.2 OC(O)CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 -HCl, --CH.sub.2 OC(O)CH.sub.2 N (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2.HCl, --CH.sub.2 OC(O)CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.3.sup.+ Br.sup.-, --CH.sub.2 OC(O)CH.sub.2 N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3.sup.+ Br.sup.-, morpholinoacetyloxymethylene (hydrobromide), morpholinoacetyloxymethylene quaternized with methyliodide, .omega.-morpholinobutyroyloxymethylene (hydrobromide), .omega.-morpholinobutyroyloxymethylene quaternized with methyliodide, N-methylpiperazino-acetyloxymethylene (dihydrobromide), N-methylpiperazino-acetyloxymethylene diquaternized with methyliodide, .omega.-(N-methylpiperazino)butyroyloxymethylene (dihydrobromide), nicotinoyloxyethylene (hydrochloride), nicotinoyloxymethylene quaternized with methylchlorate, succinoyloxyethylene (monoammonium salt), maleoyloxymethylene (monoammonium salt), phthaloyloxymethylene (monoamionium salt), 2-quinolinoyloxymethylene (monoammonium salt), acetyloxymethylene, bromoacetyloxymethylene, trifluoroacetyloxymethylene, or disodium phosphoroyloxymethylene.
- 19. A compound according to claim 15 wherein R.sup.2 is 1,1-dimethylheptyl, R is --CH.sub.2 OH, and G is .omega.-morpholinobutyroyloxy (hydrobromide), N-methylpiperazinoacetyloxy (dihydrobromide), N-methylpiperazinoacetyloxy diquaternized with methyliodide, or disodium phosphoryloxy.
- 20. A compound according to claim 15 wherein A--B is a 6(1) double bond, R is R.sup.3 X wherein R.sup.3 is as defined above and X is as defined in (a), and G is --OH.
- 21. A compound according to claim 20 wherein X is acetyloxy, trifluoroacetyloxy, glycyloxy, 4-(4-morpholinyl)butyroyloxy, 4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-butroyloxy succinoyloxy, maleoyloxy, phthaloyloxy, or 3-carboxy-2-pyridinecarbonyloxy, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or quaternary ammonium compounds thereof.
- 22. A method for treating injuries to the central nervous system by administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1, 2, or 15.
- 23. A method as in claim 22 wherein A--B designates a 1(2) or 6(1) double bond, R is lower alkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms or CH.sub.2 OH, G is hydroxy or an acyloxy group, and R.sup.2 is (a) a straight or branched C6-C12 alkyl radical or (b) a group OR.sup.2 in which R.sup.3 is a straight or branched C5-C9 alkyl radical optionally substituted at the terminal carbon atom by a phenyl group.
- 24. The method of claim 22 wherein said compound is administered in a manner to protect against excitatory amino acid-mediated neurotoxicity.
- 25. The method of claim 22 which comprises administering said compound to a patient who exhibits the symptoms associated with neural necrosis due to edema, neural necrosis due to cerebral ischemia, neural necrosis due to head trauma, poisoning of the central nervous system, cardiac arrest, stroke, optic neuropathy, or spinal cord injury.
- 26. The method of claim 22 which comprises administering said compound to a patient who exhibits the symptoms associated with epilepsy, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, or Alzheimer's disease.
- 27. A method for blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in a patient which comprises administering to said patient, in a manner calculated to block said receptors in a stereospecific manner, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any one of claims 1, 2, or 15.
- 28. A method as in claim 27 wherein A--B designates a 1(2) or 6(1) double bond, R designates a CH.sub.2 OH, G designates hydroxy or an acyloxy group and R.sup.2 designates (A) a straight or branched C6-C12 alkyl radical; (B) a group --O--R.sup.3, in which R.sup.3 is a straight or branched C5-C9 alkyl radical optionally substituted at the terminal carbon atom by a phenyl group.
- 29. The method of claim 27 wherein said compound is administered in a manner to protect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediated neurotoxicity.
- 30. The method of claim 27 which comprises administering said compound to a patient who exhibits the symptoms associated with neural necrosis due to edema, neural necrosis due to cerebral ischemia, neural necrosis due to head trauma, poisoning of the central nervous system, cardiac arrest, or stroke.
- 31. The method of claim 27 which comprises administering said compound to a patient who exhibits the symptoms associated with epilepsy, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, or Alzheimer's disease.
- 32. A method according to claim 22 or 27 in which said pharmaceutical composition includes a carrier or diluent.
- 33. The method of claim 32 which comprises selecting the carrier or diluent to be an aqueous cosolvent solution comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable cosolvent, a micellar solution prepared with natural or synthetic ionic or non-ionic surfactants, or a combination of such cosolvent and micellar solutions.
- 34. The method of claim 32 which comprises selecting the carrier to be a solution of ethanol, a surfactant, and water.
- 35. The method of claim 32 which comprises selecting the carrier to be an emulsion comprising a triglycerides, lecithin, glycerol, an emulsifier, an antioxidant, and water.
- 36. A method according to claim 22 or 27 wherein the daily dosage of said compound is between 0.1 and 25 mg/kg.
Parent Case Info
This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/192,886, filed Feb. 7, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,521,215, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/865,088, filed Apr. 8, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,867, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/609,588, filed Nov. 6, 1990, now abandoned.
PCT Information
Filing Document |
Filing Date |
Country |
Kind |
102e Date |
371c Date |
PCT/US95/01470 |
2/6/1995 |
|
|
9/28/1998 |
9/28/1998 |
Publishing Document |
Publishing Date |
Country |
Kind |
WO95/20958 |
8/10/1995 |
|
|
US Referenced Citations (4)
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
28 26 849 |
Dec 1978 |
DEX |
Non-Patent Literature Citations (5)
Entry |
Mechoulam et al., Tetrahedron Asymmetry 1 : 315-319 (1990). |
Choi, Neuron 1 : 623-624 (1988). |
Kloog et al., Biochemistry 27 : 843-848 (1988). |
Mechoulam et al., Experientia 44 : 762-764 (1988). |
Feigenbaum et al., Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 16 : 235-240 (1982). |
Continuation in Parts (3)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
192886 |
Feb 1994 |
|
Parent |
865088 |
Apr 1992 |
|
Parent |
609588 |
Nov 1990 |
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