Patent Application
20180099464
The present application claims priority under 35 U. S. C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-200,006, filed on Oct. 11, 2016; and Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-027,382, filed on Feb. 16, 2017. The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The present invention relates to a cutting device for die-cutting organic or inorganic fiber mat into a gear exterior shape, the fiber mat having a predetermined thickness and being formed of distributed organic fibers (e.g., aramid fiber (aromatic polyamide fiber), polyimide fiber, PBO fiber, ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene fiber, polyarylate fiber, carbon fiber, fluorine fiber and PPS fiber) or inorganic fibers (e.g., carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, glass fiber and the metal fiber). The present invention also relates to methods for producing a cutter and a cutting tool which can be used in this cutting device, and a method for producing a fiber mat.
In this specification, the “fiber mat” is not limited to a mat having a predetermined thickness and being formed of randomly distributed fibers (including nonwoven fabric) but includes a mat constructed of a plurality of laminated nonwoven fabric sheets, or a plurality of laminated fiber cloth sheets which formed in any weaving manner, and a mat having a predetermined thickness and formed of a three-dimensional structure such as three-dimensional fibers which includes fibers extending in the thickness direction of a laminated fiber layers.
Also, the “fiber mat” is not limited to a mat which is composed only of a fiber structure but includes prepreg which is constructed of fibers impregnated with thermoplastic or thermosetting resin.
Fiber-reinforced-plastic gears have been developed which are reinforced with fiber sheets. In one method for producing a plastic gear, the plastic gear is formed by cutting the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical fiber reinforced plastic member into its gear shape after the cylindrical fiber reinforced plastic member is formed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. JP 2009-97,700 A). In another method, the plastic gear is formed by die-cutting a laminated member which is prepreg constructed of continuous reinforcement glass fibers and thermoplastic resin (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. JP H06-114,863 A (1994).
The method which cuts the outer peripheral surface of the previously formed cylindrical member into the gear shape has a disadvantage that the production cost will be high since the volume to be cut is large in the cutting/grinding process. The method which die-cuts the prepreg into the gear shape has an advantage that the cutting/grinding process can be simple and plastic gears can be efficiently mass-manufactured.
In the production method disclosed in JP H06-114,863 A, a punch is used to die-cut a laminated plate of prepreg formed of thermoplastic resin and layers of continuous reinforcement glass fibers which are orientated at different angles (angled-fiber laminated plate) whereby forming the gear shape. The punch is guided into a through hole which is formed in a die, and die-cuts the angled-fiber laminated plate. In the case where punches are used for die-cutting, it is difficult to die-cut out a thick angled-fiber laminated plate. In particular, in the case where punches are used to die-cut an angled-fiber laminated plate which is formed of strong continuous reinforcement glass fibers such as carbon fibers, the stiff angled-fiber laminated plate cannot be efficiently die-cut. Particularly, punches cannot precisely die-cut the strong angled-fiber laminated plate into a small gear exterior shape. In addition, the outer peripheral edge of punches is susceptible to significant damage. Since punches cannot have sufficient durability when used to die-cut the stiff angled-fiber laminated plate, the running costs will be extremely high.
In order to overcome these disadvantages of punches, the present inventor has been produced a Thomson blade which is formed by folding a metal plate having a cutting edge into a gear shape. In order to die-cut a fiber sheet by using the Thomson blade, when the cutting edges of the Thomson blade are brought in contact with and pushed toward the fiber sheet which is placed on a flat workpiece rest, the Thomson blade can die-cut the fiber sheet if the fiber sheet is thin and formed of distributed cuttable fibers. However, if the fiber sheet is formed of strong fibers such as carbon and Kevlar fibers, the Thomson blade cannot die-cut the strong fiber sheets many times. In particular, the Thomson blade cannot cut a thick laminated fiber mat which is formed of a number of strong fiber layers. Specifically, the cutting edges of the Thomson blade cannot cut the strong fibers, and as a result the gear shape of the Thomson blade is altered due to deformation of the metal plate when the fiber mat is die-cut.
Since plastic gears are used instead of metal gears, the plastic gears necessarily have strength equal to the metal gears. In particular, for fiber-reinforced-plastic gears which transmit torque through small areas of gear tooth where gear teeth mesh each other, a very thick fiber mat is used which is formed of a number of strong fiber layers. For this reason, a die-cutting tool which die-cuts a fiber mat for fiber-reinforced-plastic gears is required to repeatedly die-cut such thick fiber laminated mats formed of strong fiber layers. Such characteristics required for this die-cutting tool are difficult to achieve.
The present invention is addressed to solve the difficult problem. It is an important object of the present invention to provide a cutting device which uses a cutting tool which can be produced at low cost but can efficiently and precisely die-cut even a thick fiber laminated mats formed of strong reinforcement fiber layers into a predetermined gear shape, and can repeatedly and precisely die-cut a large number of fiber mats into the predetermined gear shape whereby mass-manufacturing plastic gears at low cost, a method for producing a gear-shaped cutter which can be used in this cutting device, a method for producing a cutting tool which can be used in this cutting device, and a method for die-cutting a fiber mat.
A cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, according to the present invention includes a workpiece rest 1, a cutting tool 3, and a cutting tool drive mechanism 5. A die-cutting surface 2 is provided on the upper surface side of the workpiece rest 1. A fiber mat 10 can be placed on the die-cutting surface 2 when being die-cut. The cutting tool 3 can be moved toward the die-cutting surface 2 of the workpiece rest 1 to die-cut the fiber mat 10 on the die-cutting surface 2. The cutting tool drive mechanism 5 moves the cutting tool 3 toward and away from the die-cutting surface 2.
The cutting tool 3 includes a cylindrical gear-shaped cutter 3A that is formed of steel (e.g., carbon steel and high-speed steel), and has cutting edges 4 on its tip end for die-cutting the fiber mat 10 into a predetermined gear shape. The cutting edges 4 of the gear-shaped cutter 3A lie in a plane parallel to the die-cutting surface 2 of the workpiece rest 1, and include tooth-top cutting edges 4A, tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B, and tooth-surface cutting edges 4C. The tooth-top cutting edges 4A can shape the addendum circle of the gear. The tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B can shape the bottom of the tooth space of the gear. The tooth-surface cutting edge 4C is arranged between the tooth-top cutting edges 4A and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B and can shape the tooth surfaces of the gear. The exterior shape of the gear-shaped cutter 3A is inclined in the movement direction. That is, the thickness of the gear-shaped cutter 3A gradually increases from the cutting edges 4 toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. V-shaped grooves 16 are formed on the exterior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 3A from the cutting edges 4 toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The tip end edges of the V-shaped grooves 16 serve as the tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B and the tooth-surface cutting edges 4C. The depth of the V-shaped groove 16 gradually decreases from the cutting edges 4 toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The wedge angle (α1) of the tooth-bottom line 17 from the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A is greater than the wedge angle (α2) from the tooth-top cutting edges 4A to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The thickness (W1) of the base-side end of the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B is greater than the thickness (W2) of the base-side end of the tooth-top cutting edge 4A.
According to the aforementioned cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, by using a cutting tool which can be produced at low cost, the cutting device can efficiently and precisely die-cut even a thick fiber laminated mats formed of strong reinforcement fiber layers into a predetermined gear shape, and a large number of fiber mats can be repeatedly and precisely die-cut into predetermined gear-shaped sheets. As a result, plastic gears can be mass-manufactured at low cost from the die-cut gear-shaped sheets.
The cutting tool of the aforementioned cutting device includes a steel gear-shaped cutter 3A which has cutting edges 4 on its tip end for die-cutting a fiber mat 10 into a predetermined gear shape, and the cutting edges 4 of the gear-shaped cutter 3A include tooth-top cutting edges 4A for shaping the tops of the teeth of a gear and tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B for shaping the bottoms of the tooth spaces of the gear. In addition, the outside line 18 in section which extends from the tooth-top cutting edge 4A and the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B toward the base end is inclined so that the outside line 18 on base end side is located outside relative to the cutting edge 4 side, that is, the thickness of the gear-shaped cutter 3A gradually increases from the cutting edge 4 toward the base end. The gear-shaped cutter 3A has V-shaped grooves 16 that extend from the cutting edges 4A toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The tip end edges of the V-shaped grooves 16 serve as the tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B and the tooth-surface cutting edges 4C. The depth of the V-shaped groove 16 gradually decreases from the cutting edges 4 toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The wedge angle (α1) of the tooth-bottom line 17 from the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A is greater than the wedge angle (α2) from the tooth-top cutting edges 4A to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The thickness (W1) of the base-side end of the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B is greater than the thickness (W2) of the base-side end of the tooth-top cutting edge 4A. These features can achieve the above object.
In the aforementioned cutting tool, on the tip end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A formed of steel, the cutting edge 4 is provided which includes the tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B for shaping the bottoms of the tooth spaces of the gear, and the tooth-top cutting edges 4A for shaping the tops of the teeth of the gear. The thickness of the gear-shaped cutter 3A gradually increases from the cutting edges 4 as the tip end toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B and the tooth-surface cutting edges 4C are arranged on the external surface of the gear-shaped cutter 3A, and serve as the tip ends of the V-shaped grooves 16. The depth of the V-shaped groove 16 gradually decreases from the cutting edges 4 as the tip end toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. According to these features, the fiber mat 10 can be die-cut without deformation of the cutting edges 4. In particular, although the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B, which locally protrudes inward from the gear-shaped cutter 3A, is likely to deform, the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B can be reinforced by the aforementioned features. Accordingly, it can be ensured that the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B is prevented from deforming due to the impact when die-cutting a fiber mat. In order to shape the bottom of the tooth space of a gear, the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B locally protrudes inward, and is likely to deform due to impulsive force at the die-cutting process. In addition, as shown in a cross-sectional view of
Since the gear-shaped cutter of the aforementioned cutting tool has the aforementioned unique shape, deformation of the cutting edge 4 can be prevented even if impulsive force is applied at the die-cutting process. As a result, even thick strong fiber laminated mats which are hard to be die-cut by conventional cutting edges can be precisely die-cut into a predetermined gear shape, and in addition to this such thick strong fiber laminated mats can be repeatedly die-cut into a predetermined gear shape by the cutting tool of the cutting device according to the present invention.
In the cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, according to the present invention, the size of a part of or the entire of the interior-side shape of the gear-shaped cutter 3A can gradually increase from tooth-top cutting edges 4 toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. According to this die-cutting device, a gear-shaped sheet which is obtained by die-cutting a fiber mat can be smoothly guided along the interior surface of the gear-shaped cutter, and the gear-shaped sheet, which is guided along the interior surface, can be smoothly removed from the gear-shaped cutter.
In the cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, according to the present invention, lengthwise grooves and protrusions can be formed which extend in the movement direction of the gear-shaped cutter and are alternately arranged on the interior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 3A, and the tooth-surface cutting edge 4A can be arranged between the lengthwise groove and the protrusions. The tooth-surface cutting edge 4C is arranged between the lengthwise groove and the protrusions. In addition, the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B can be arranged on the tip end of the protrusion.
In the cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, according to the present invention, the height of the protrusions of the gear-shaped cutter, which are arranged on the interior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 3A, can gradually decrease from the cutting edges 4 toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A.
In the cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, according to the present invention, a cylindrical cutter can be provided on the interior side of gear-shaped cutter 3A, and form a through hole 12 in a gear-shaped sheet, and this cylindrical cutter can include sub-cutting edge 4 on its tip end. The sub-cutting 4 and the cutting edges 4 of the gear-shaped cutter 3A lie in the same plane. This die-cutting device can die-cut a fiber mat into a gear-shaped sheet which has a through hole.
In the cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, according to the present invention, a metal base portion 3C which has a lower hardness than the gear-shaped cutter 3A can be fastened to the base end surface of the gear-shaped cutter 3A, and the metal base portion 3C can be coupled to the cutting tool drive mechanism whereby coupling the gear-shaped cutter 3A to the cutting tool drive mechanism. In this cutting tool, the metal base portion 3C can have a cylindrical shape, and can guide the die-cut gear-shaped sheet along the interior surface of the metal base portion 3C.
Also, a die-cutting device according to the present invention can be a device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastics helical-gear. The die-cutting device includes a workpiece rest 101, a cutting tool 103, and a cutting tool drive mechanism 105. A die-cutting surface 102 is provided on the upper surface side of the workpiece rest 101. The fiber mat 110 can be placed on the die-cutting surface 102 when being die-cut. The cutting tool 103 includes a gear-shaped cutter 103A, and can be moved toward the die-cutting surface 102 of the workpiece rest 101. Cutting edges 104 are formed on the tip end of the gear-shaped cutter 103A, and can die-cut the fiber mat 110 on the die-cutting surface 102 into a helical gear-shaped sheet 111. The cutting tool drive mechanism 105 moves the cutting tool 103 toward and away from the die-cutting surface 102. The gear-shaped cutter 103A includes cutting edges 104 that include tooth-top cutting edges 104A for shaping the addendum circle of the helical gear, tooth-bottom cutting edges 104B for shaping the bottoms of the tooth spaces of the helical gear, and tooth-surface cutting edges 104C for shaping the tooth surfaces of the helical gear. The tooth-surface cutting edges 104C are arranged the between tooth-top cutting edges 104A and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 104B. V-shaped grooves 116 are formed on the exterior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 103A from the tip end edge toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 103 and spaced at a predetermined interval away from each other, and the tip end edges of the V-shaped grooves 116 serve as the tooth-bottom cutting edges 104B and the tooth-surface cutting edges 104C, and lengthwise grooves 121 and protrusions 122 extend from the tip end toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 103A, and are alternately arranged on the interior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 103A and spaced at a predetermined interval away from each other. The tip end edge of the lengthwise grooves 121 serve as the tooth-top cutting edge 104A of the gear-shaped cutter 103A. The tip end edge between the lengthwise groove 121 and the protrusion 122 serves as the tooth-surface cutting edge 104C. The tip end edge of the protrusion 122 serves as the tooth-bottom cutting edge 104B. The protrusions 122 are arranged at the positions of the gear-shaped cutter 103A that are located on the interior side of the V-shaped grooves 116. The V-shaped grooves 116 and the protrusions 122 are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the center axis of the gear-shaped cutter 103A. The cutting tool drive mechanism 105 includes a rotation mechanism 105A that can rotate the cutting tool 103 about the center axis of the cutting tool 103 as the rotation axis when the fiber mat 110 on the workpiece rest 101 is die-cut. The fiber mat 110 on the workpiece rest 101 is die-cut while the cutting tool drive mechanism 105 rotates the cutting tool 103 whereby die-cutting the fiber mat 110 into a helical-gear-shaped sheet 111.
According to the aforementioned die-cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastics helical-gear, by using a cutting tool which can be produced at low cost, the cutting device can efficiently and precisely die-cut even a thick fiber laminated mats formed of reinforcement fiber layers into a predetermined helical gear shape, a large number of fiber mats can be repeatedly and precisely die-cut into predetermined gear-shaped sheets.
In the aforementioned die-cutting device, the fiber mat 110 on the workpiece rest 101 is die-cut while the cutting tool drive mechanism 105 including the rolling mechanism 105A rotates the gear-shaped cutter 103A including the cutting edges 104 on its tip end which includes the tooth-top cutting edges 104A, the tooth-bottom cutting edges 104B and the tooth-surface cutting edge 104C for die-cutting the fiber mat 110 into a helical gear shape. The V-shaped grooves 116 are formed on the exterior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 103A from the tip end edge toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 103A and spaced at a predetermined interval away from each other, and the tip end edges of the V-shaped grooves 116 serve as the tooth-bottom cutting edges 104B and the tooth-surface cutting edges 104C. The lengthwise grooves 121 and protrusions 122 extend in the movement direction from the tip end toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 103A, and are alternately arranged on the interior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 103A and spaced at a predetermined interval away from each other. The tip end edge of the lengthwise grooves 121 serve as the tooth-top cutting edge 104A. The tip end edge between the lengthwise groove 121 and the protrusion 122 serves as the tooth-surface cutting edge 104C. The tip end edge of the protrusion 122 serves as the tooth-bottom cutting edge 104B. The protrusions 122 are arranged at the positions of the gear-shaped cutter 103A that are located on the interior side of the V-shaped grooves 116. The V-shaped grooves 116 and the protrusions 122 are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the center axis of the gear-shaped cutter 103A. Since the fiber mat 110 on the workpiece rest 101 is die-cut by the aforementioned cutting edge while the cutting tool drive mechanism 105 rotates the cutting tool 103A whereby die-cutting the fiber mat 110 into a helical-gear-shaped sheet 111, these features can achieve the above object.
The gear-shaped cutter 103A of the die-cutting device of the present invention can include a cutting-edge part 103a and a base part 103b. The cutting-edge part 103a includes cutting edges 104 on its tip end. The base part 103b is integrally coupled to the base-end side of the cutting-edge part 103a. The hardness of the base part 103b is smaller than the hardness of the cutting-edge part 103a. According to this gear-shaped cutter, since the base part, which has a lower hardness than the cutting-edge part, can absorb the impact at the die-cutting process, a fiber mat can be smoothly die-cut by this gear-shaped cutter. In this gear-shaped cutter 103A, the cutting-edge part 103a and the base part 103b can be formed of steel materials different from each other, and the cutting-edge part 103a and the base part 103b can be coupled to each other by welding.
In the die-cutting device of the present invention, the cutting tool 103 can include a cylindrical cutter 103B. The cylindrical cutter 103B is arranged on the interior side of the gear-shaped cutter 103A. In addition, a sub-cutting edge 104D can be provided on the tip end of the cylindrical cutter. The sub-cutting 104D and the cutting edges 104 of the gear-shaped cutter 103A lie in the same plane. The gear-shaped sheet 111 is held to the gear-shaped cutter 103A by the cylindrical cutter 103B when a through hole is formed in the gear-shaped sheet 111. This cutting tool can shape the gear-shaped sheet 111 which has a helical exterior gear shape, and has a through hole at the center of the gear-shaped sheet 111. In addition, this cutting tool can suppress distortion of outer and inner peripheral surfaces of a gear-shaped sheet. As a result, this cutting tool can precisely provide the shape of a gear.
A method for producing a gear-shaped cutting edge for die-cutting a fiber mat 10, which can be used for fiber-reinforced-plastic gear and placed on a die-cutting surface of a workpiece rest, into a gear shape, according to the present invention includes cutting/grinding, hardening and finish-grinding steps. In the cutting/grinding step, a cylindrical member is formed from a block of metal formed of steel, and an end of the cylindrical member is cut into cutting edges which form a gear shape so that the cylindrical member is formed into a cut/ground cylindrical member. In the hardening step, the cut/ground cylindrical member, which is formed in the cutting/grinding step, is hardened as the hardened cylindrical member. In the finish-grinding step, the hardened cylindrical member is finish-ground so as to providing the gear-shaped cutter.
In the cutting/grinding step, the interior surface of the metal block is formed into the gear shape by electrical discharge machining, and its tip end is ground so as to form tooth-top cutting edges. In addition to this, the outer peripheral surface of the metal block is ground so as to form V-shaped grooves 16 which are spaced at a fixed interval away from each other and become shallower from the cutting edges 4 of the cylindrical member 20 toward the base end. Tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B and tooth-surface cutting edges 4C which are included in the cutting edges 4 are formed on the tip end edges of V-shaped grooves 16. The tooth-top cutting edges 4A, the tooth-surface cutting edges 4C, and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B which are included in the cutting edge 4 are formed on the tip end edges of the gear-shaped cutting edge portion 3A. The wedge angle (α1) of the tooth-bottom line 17 from the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A is greater than the wedge angle (α2) from the tooth-top cutting edges 4A to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The thickness (W1) of the base-side end of the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B is greater than the thickness (W2) of the base-side end of the tooth-top cutting edge 4A. In the hardening step, the cutting edges 4 are hardened. In the finish-grinding step, the cutting edge 4 is finish-ground so as to provide the gear-shaped cutter.
Also, the present invention provides a method for a cutting tool which can be used to die-cut a fiber mat to be used for a helical gear. The method can produce a gear-shaped cutting edge 103A for die-cutting a fiber mat 110, which can be used for fiber-reinforced-plastics helical-gear and placed on a die-cutting surface 102 of a workpiece rest 101, into a helical-gear-shaped mat 111. The method for producing the gear-shaped cutting edge 103A includes cutting/grinding, hardening and finish-grinding step. In the cutting/grinding step, a cylindrical member formed of steel having a predetermined thickness is cut into a cut/ground cutting tool member 131 including cutting edges 104 which is arranged on the tip end edge of the cylindrical member and can be used to die-cut the fiber mat 110 into a helical gear shape. In the hardening step, the cut/ground cutting tool member 131 is hardened whereby providing the hardened cutting tool member. In the finish-grinding step, the hardened cutting tool member is finish-ground. The cutting/grinding step includes a step for cutting the inner peripheral surface, and a step for cutting the outer peripheral surface. In the step for cutting the inner peripheral surface, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member is cut so as to form protrusions 122 and lengthwise grooves 121 which are alternately arranged and spaced at a fixed interval away from each other in the circumferential direction. The protrusions 122 and lengthwise grooves 121 extend parallel to each other on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member. In the step for cutting the outer peripheral surface, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member is cut so as to form V-shaped grooves 116 on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member. The V-shaped grooves 116 are spaced at a fixed interval away from each other. The V-shaped grooves 116 are arranged at the positions of the cylindrical member that are located on the exterior side of the protrusions 122, which are formed in the step for cutting the inner peripheral surface. The tip end edges of the V-shaped groove 116 serve as tooth-bottom cutting edge 104B and tooth-surface cutting edges 104C. A tooth-top cutting edge 104A is arranged between the V-shaped grooves 116. The protrusions 122, the lengthwise grooves 121 and the V-shaped grooves 116 are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the center axis. The V-shaped grooves 116, which are formed in the step for cutting the outer peripheral surface, become shallower from the tip end edge of the V-shaped groove 116 toward the base end of the cylindrical member. The wedge angle (α1) of the tooth-bottom cutting edge 104B is greater than the wedge angle (α2) of the tooth-top cutting edge 104A. The gear-shaped cutter 103A has different thicknesses on its base-side end. The thickness (W1) of the base-side end of the tooth-bottom cutting edge 104B is greater than the thickness (W2) of the base-side end of the tooth-top cutting edge 104A.
According to the aforementioned method, a gear-shaped cutter can be produced at low cost. By using this, even a thick fiber laminated mats formed of reinforcement fiber layers can be efficiently and precisely die-cut into a predetermined helical gear shape, and a large number of fiber mats can be repeatedly and precisely die-cut into a predetermined gear shape. Consequently, helical-gear-shaped fiber mats, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastics helical-gear, can be efficiently die-cut.
In the method for producing a fiber mat cutting tool according to the present invention, the protrusions 122 and the lengthwise grooves 121 are formed on the interior surface of the cylindrical member formed of steel by electrical discharge machining in the step for cutting the inner peripheral surface. According to this method, a cylindrical member formed of steel can be efficiently formed to form its interior surface into helical gear shape.
The present invention provides a method for die-cutting a fiber mat into a helical gear-shaped sheet. A fiber mat 110 is placed on a die-cutting surface 102 of a workpiece rest 101 when the fiber mat 110 is die-cut into a helical exterior gear shape by the cutting tool 103. In this die-cutting method, as the cutting tool 103, a cylindrical gear-shaped cutter 103A is used which includes cutting edges 104 on its tip end edge. The cutting edges 104 include tooth-top cutting edges 104A for shaping the tops of the teeth of the helical gear, tooth-bottom cutting edges 1046 for shaping the bottoms of the tooth spaces of the helical gear, and tooth-surface cutting edges 104C for shaping the tooth surfaces of the helical gear. One or both of the gear-shaped cutter 103A and the workpiece rest 101 are rotated when the gear-shaped cutter 103A is moved toward the die-cutting surface 102 of the workpiece rest 101 so as to rotate the gear-shaped cutter 103A relative to the workpiece rest 101 whereby die-cutting the fiber mat 110 into a helical gear-shaped fiber mat 111.
According to the aforementioned die-cutting method, by using a gear-shaped cutter can be produced at low cost, even a thick fiber laminated mats formed of reinforcement fiber layers can be efficiently and precisely die-cut into a predetermined helical gear shape, and a large number of fiber mats can be repeatedly and precisely die-cut into a predetermined gear shape. Consequently, helical-gear-shaped fiber mats, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastics helical-gear, can be efficiently die-cut.
In the aforementioned method for die-cutting a fiber mat according to the present invention, the gear-shaped cutter 103A which can be used to die-cut the fiber mat can have all of the following features A to C.
A) V-shaped grooves 116 are formed on the exterior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 103A from the tip end edge toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 103 and spaced at a predetermined interval away from each other, and the tip end edges of the V-shaped grooves 116 serve as the tooth-bottom cutting edges 104B and the tooth-surface cutting edges 104C, and lengthwise grooves 121 and protrusions 122 extend in the movement direction from the tip end toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 103A, and are alternately arranged on the interior surface of the gear-shaped cutter 103A and spaced at a predetermined interval away from each other.
B) The tip end edge of the lengthwise groove 121 serves as the tooth-top cutting edge 104A of the gear-shaped cutter 103A. The tip end edge between the lengthwise groove 121 and the protrusion 122 serves as the tooth-surface cutting edge 104C. The tip end edge of the protrusion 122 serves as the tooth-bottom cutting edge 104B.
C) The protrusions 122 are arranged at the positions of the gear-shaped cutter 103A that are located on the interior side of the V-shaped grooves 116. The V-shaped grooves 116 and the protrusions 122 are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the center axis of the gear-shaped cutter 103A.
In the aforementioned method for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a helical-gear, according to the present invention, the gear-shaped cutter 103 which can be used to die-cut the fiber mat can have the following features A and B.
A) The cutting tool 103 includes a cylindrical cutter 103B that is concentrically arranged on the interior side of the gear-shaped cutter 103A and is coupled to the gear-shaped cutter 103A.
B) The cylindrical cutter 103B includes sub-cutting edge 104D on its tip end. The sub-cutting edge 104D lie in the same plane as cutting edges 104 that are arranged on the tip end of the gear-shaped cutter 103A.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or identical elements throughout the various drawings.
It should be appreciated, however, that the embodiments described below are illustrations of a die-cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, and a method for producing a cutting tool for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, to give a concrete form to technical ideas of the invention, and a die-cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat and a method for producing a cutting tool for die-cutting a fiber mat of the invention are not specifically limited to description below. In this specification, reference numerals corresponding to components illustrated in the embodiments are added in “Claims” and “SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION” to aid understanding of claims. However, it should be appreciated that the members shown in claims attached hereto are not specifically limited to members in the embodiments.
The die-cutting device according to the present invention can be used to die-cuts a fiber mat (workpiece) into a gear-shaped sheet. The gear-shaped sheet can be used as reinforcement fibers for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear. In the case where a fiber mat of prepreg is die-cut into a gear-shaped sheet, plastic is cured under pressure to provide a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear. In the case where a gear-shaped sheet does not include plastic, the gear-shaped sheet is impregnated with plastic or is embedded in plastic, and the plastic is formed into a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear. The outer peripheral surfaces of the fiber-reinforced-plastic gear that includes the embedded gear-shaped sheet are cut/ground after the plastic is cured, or are finish-ground (subjected to finish grinding) whereby providing a precise fiber-reinforced-plastic gear having a highly precise exterior shape. The present invention does not relate to an apparatus and method for producing a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear from its materials to the final product, but relates to a die-cutting device and cutting tool for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear. From this view point, apparatuses and methods for producing a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear that have been used or will be developed can use a die-cutting device or cutting tool according to the present invention when producing a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear from a gear-shaped sheet that is formed by using this die-cutting device or cutting tool.
A fiber mat which can be used for a fiber-reinforced plastic gear can be a fiber mat which is formed of distributed organic fibers (e.g., aramid fiber (aromatic polyamide fiber) and polyamide fiber) or inorganic fiber (e.g., carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, glass fiber and metal fiber) and has a predetermined thickness, or prepreg which is formed of fibers combined with thermoplastic or thermosetting resin. In the case where a fiber mat has a three-dimensional structure, exfoliation of fiber layers can be prevented particularly by fibers that extend in the thickness direction. A fiber-reinforced plastic gear which includes an embedded fiber mat as reinforcement fibers can have strength equivalent to metal gears.
Gear-shaped sheets which are formed by die-cutting fiber mats into gear shapes can be embedded with or without a laminated structure to produce fiber-reinforced plastic gears. The width of teeth (i.e., thickness) of a fiber-reinforced plastic gear can be adjusted by the number of laminated gear-shaped sheets if a thick fiber-reinforced plastic gear is required. Even in the case where a thin gear-shaped sheet is used, a fiber-reinforced plastic gear with a large tooth width can be provided by a number of laminated thin gear-shaped sheets. In the case where a fiber-reinforced plastic gear is formed of laminated gear-shaped sheets, the number of laminated sheets is adjusted depending on the thickness of the gear-shaped sheets, and the tooth width of the fiber-reinforced plastic gear.
A cutting device for die-cutting a fiber mat, which can be used for a fiber-reinforced-plastic gear, shown in
The workpiece rest 1 is constructed of a metal plate. The die-cutting surface 2 is flat. The workpiece rest may be entirely formed of plastic or rubber. Also, the surface part of the workpiece rest may be formed of plastic or rubber. The workpiece rest shown in
The cutting tool drive mechanism 5 moves the cutting tool 3 upward and downward so that the fiber mat 10 placed on the die-cutting surface 2 of the workpiece rest 1 is die-cut by the cutting tool 3. The cutting tool drive mechanism 5 includes a movable base 6, a cylinder 7 which moves the movable base 6 upward and downward. The cutting tool 3 is fastened to the movable base 6. More specifically, the cutting tool 3 is fastened to the lower surface of the movable base 6. The movable base 6 is moved upward and downward by the cylinder 7 so that the fiber mat 10 is die-cut into the gear shape on the workpiece rest 1. That is, when the cutting tool 3 is moved downward by the cutting tool drive mechanism 5, the fiber mat 10 which is placed on the die-cutting surface 2 of the workpiece rest 1 is sandwiched between the workpiece rest 1 and the cutting tool 3, and is die-cut into the gear shape.
The cutting tool 3 shown in
The fiber mat 10 is die-cut into the gear-shaped sheet 11 by the gear-shaped cutter 3A of the cutting tool 3, while the through hole is formed by the cylindrical cutter 3B of the cutting tool 3 at the center of the gear-shaped sheet 11, which is die-cut out into the gear shape. The gear-shaped cutter 3A and the cylindrical cutter 3B include the cutting edges 4 on their tip ends which lie in the same plane. The exterior shape and through hole of the fiber mat 10 are simultaneously formed by die-cutting. The gear-shaped sheet 11 that is die-cut by this cutting tool 3 is used for a fiber-reinforced plastic gear which has a through hole at its center. Although the cutting tool 3 shown in
Dissimilar to conventional cutting tools 3, the gear-shaped cutter 3A is not produced by bending a metal plate into a gear shape. The gear-shaped cutter 3A is produced by cutting/grinding a block of metal 19. The metal block 19 has a cylindrical shape or a thick plate shape. The metal block 19 is subjected to electrical discharge machining and formed into a cylindrical shape. Subsequently, this cylindrical member is subjected to the cutting/grinding process. The thickness of the metal block 19 is dimensioned equal to the length of the gear-shaped cutter 3A (more specifically, the movement distance). The length of the gear-shaped cutter 3A, i.e., the thickness of the metal block 19, is adjusted in accordance with the outer diameter of a gear to be formed by die-cutting (blanking). For example, the thickness of the metal block 19, i.e., the length of the gear-shaped cutter 3A is not smaller than 20% and not greater than 200% of the outer diameters of the fiber-reinforced plastic gear, preferably not smaller than 30% and not greater than 150%, more preferably not smaller than 35% and not greater than 100%. For example, in the case where the gear-shaped cutter 3A is produced which die-cuts the fiber mat 10 to be used a fiber-reinforced plastic gear with an outer diameter of 100 mm, the thickness of the metal block 19 to be formed into this gear-shaped cutter 3A can be 45 mm.
The content of carbon of a metal block formed of carbon steel is adjusted to an optimal value in consideration of the hardness and brittleness required for the gear-shaped cutter. The hardness of the gear-shaped cutter can be increased by increasing the content of carbon. However, the gear-shaped cutter will become brittle if the content of carbon is too much. For example, the content of carbon of the metal block 19 can be not greater than 1.4%, preferably not greater than 0.7%, and optimally not smaller than 0.4%. In this specification, the content of carbon is expressed in percent-by-mass. After the metal block 19 is formed into a cylindrical shape by electrical discharge machining, the gear-shaped cutting edges 4 is formed at the tip end of the cylindrical member by a grindstone or file. Subsequently, the cylindrical member is hardened and then further finish-ground whereby forming the gear-shaped cutter 3A. The cutting edge 4 die-cuts the fiber mat 10 that is placed on the die-cutting surface 2 of the workpiece rest 1 into the gear shape. The cutting edges 4, more specifically the tip edges of the cutting edges are positioned to lie in a plane parallel to the die-cutting surface 2, and then the tip edges are slightly engaged in the elastic sheet 1A laminated on the surface of the workpiece rest so that the fiber mat 10 is die-cut into the gear shape. The cylindrical cutter 3B, which is arranged on the interior side of the gear-shaped cutter 3A, is formed of a carbon steel plate the carbon content of which is similar to the metal block 19. The gear-shaped cutter can be formed of a steel material such as high-speed steel instead of carbon steel. Also a sub-cutting edge 4D of the cylindrical cutter 3B die-cuts the fiber mat 10 placed on the die-cutting surface 2 of the workpiece rest 1 whereby forming the through hole. The tip edge of the sub-cutting edge 4D is positioned to lie in a plane parallel to the die-cutting surface 2 of the workpiece rest 1, and then the tip edge is slightly engaged in the elastic sheet 1A laminated on the surface of the workpiece rest so that the fiber mat 10 is die-cut.
As shown in
The gear shape of the interior surface of the cylindrical member 20 is fixed from the cutting edges to the base end. The lengthwise grooves 21 and the protrusions 22 of the cylindrical member 20 extend parallel to the movement direction of the gear-shaped cutter 3A, that is, parallel to the center axis of the gear-shaped cutter 3A. However, the cylindrical member 20 may be tapered so that the diameter of the interior surface where the lengthwise grooves 21 and the protrusions 22 are alternately arranged gradually increases from the cutting edges toward the base end.
The cylindrical member 20 shown in
In the case where the cylindrical member 20 has a cylindrical exterior surface, the exterior-side surface is tapered by grinding so that the outer diameter of the cylindrical member 20 increases from the cutting edges toward the base end. In the case where the exterior surface of the cylindrical member has been formed into a tapered shape by cutting in the cutting/grinding process, it is possible to omit the process for forming the tapered exterior surface by grinding. In addition, the cutting edges 4 are formed on the tip end of the cylindrical member 20 by grinding the exterior-side surface of the tip end of the cylindrical member 20. Thus, the cut/ground cylindrical member 20A is produced which have the cutting edges 4 having a single-edged shape.
The cutting edges 4 for die-cutting the fiber mat 10 has a gear shape which is defined by the tooth-top cutting edges 4A, the tooth-surface cutting edges 4C, and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B connected to each other. The tooth-top cutting edge 4A die-cuts a fiber mat into a part which serves as the top of a tooth of a gear. The tooth-surface cutting edge 4C die-cuts the fiber mat into a part which serves as a tooth surface of the gear. The tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B die-cuts the fiber mat into a part which serves as the bottom of the tooth space of the gear. The cutting edges 4 which are constructed of the tooth-top cutting edges 4A, the tooth-surface cutting edges 4C and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B are formed by grinding the exterior-side surface of the cylindrical member 20 so as to shape the interior surface into a gear shape.
The tooth-surface cutting edges 4C and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 4B which have a single-edged shape are formed by grinding the exterior surface of tip end of the cylindrical member 20 into V-shaped grooves 16. The tooth-surface cutting edges 4C are arranged on the both-side surfaces of the V-shaped groove 16. The tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B is arranged along the bottom part of the V-shaped groove 16. In order to form the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B along in the groove bottom of V-shaped groove 16, as shown in the drawings, the groove bottom has a predetermined radius of curvature. Alternatively, the groove bottom may have a predetermined width although not illustrated. The depth of the V-shaped groove 16 gradually decreases from the cutting edges toward the base end of the cylindrical member 20 so that the wedge angle of the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B is greater than the wedge angle of the tooth-top cutting edge 4A.
A cross-sectional view of
The V-shaped groove 16 of the gear-shaped cutter 3A shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 becomes shallower toward the base end. The thickness (W1) of the base-side end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A which serves as the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B is greater than the thickness (W2) of the base-side end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A which serves as the tooth-top cutting edge 4A. As a result, the inclined angle of the tooth-bottom line 17 from the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A, that is, the wedge angle (α1) of the tooth-bottom cutting edge 4B is greater than the wedge angle (α2) as the inclined angle of the tooth-top cutting edges 4A from the tooth-top cutting edges 4A to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A.
Furthermore, the exterior-side surface of the tip end part of the cutting edge 4 is ground from the tip end edge in an area with a width falling the range from 1 to 5 mm so that the wedge angle gradually increases toward the tip end, and the finished angle of the tip end of the cutting edge falls within the range from not smaller than 10 degrees and not greater than 60 degrees, more preferably not smaller than 15 degrees and not greater than 45 degrees. According to this, the durability can be improved.
The gear-shaped cutter 3A shown in
In the aforementioned cutting/grinding process, after the metal block is cut out into a cylindrical member by electrical discharge machining, the outer peripheral surface is cut/ground so that the cylindrical member is formed into a cut/ground cylindrical member. However, the cutting/grinding process according to the present invention is not limited to this. For example, after a metal plate with a predetermined thickness is cut out into metal blocks, the metal block can be cut/ground into a cylindrical member, and the interior part of this cylindrical member can be cut out by electrical discharge machining into the cut/ground cylindrical member. Also, after cylindrical metal rod is cut into cylindrical members with a predetermined length (thickness), the interior part of this cylindrical member can be cut out by electrical discharge machining into the cylindrical member. In the case where a cylindrical member is previously formed, the tip end part of this cylindrical member can be cut/ground into cutting edges before or after the electrical discharge machining. For this reason, the order of the process for forming the cutting edges by cutting/grinding and the electrical discharge machining process is not limited.
In order to harden the cutting edge 4, the cut/ground cylindrical member 20A which is formed in the cutting/grinding process is hardened. Thus, the hardened cylindrical member is provided. The HRC hardness of the hardened cutting edge 4 is not smaller than 62, preferably approximately 65. The life of the cutting edge 4 can be long if the hardness of the cutting edge 4 is high. However, if the hardness of the cutting edge 4 too high, the cutting edge 4 may be brittle and likely to be damaged at the die-cutting process. For this reason, the HRC hardness of the hardened cutting edge 4 is higher than 62, preferably higher than 64, and lower than 72 preferably lower than 66. The hardness of the cutting edges 4 after hardening can be adjusted by the carbon content of the cutting edge and the hardening temperature. The hardness of the cutting edge 4 can be high if the hardening temperature is high, and be lower if the hardening temperature is low. For example, in the case where the metal block 19 has a carbon content of 0.6%, and the hardening temperature falls within the range from 780° to 950° C., the HRC hardness of the gear-shaped cutter 3A will fall within the range from 62 to 72. In the case where the metal block has a carbon content of 0.6%, and the hardening temperature is set to 850° C., the HRC hardness of the hardened cutting edges 4 can be 65.
Finally, the cutting edges 4 of the gear-shaped cutter 3A are sharpened by finish-grinding the hardened cylindrical member in this finish-grinding process. In particular, in the finish-grinding process, the exterior-side surface of the tip part of the cutting edge 4 is finish-ground so that the finished wedge angle is adjusted to the optimum value.
The gear-shaped cutter 3A is produced by the aforementioned processes. The cylindrical cutter 3B is formed from an elongated carbon steel plate. The elongated carbon steel plate is bent into a cylindrical shape which extends along a circular cylinder, and the both ends of the bent elongated carbon steel plate are coupled to each other by welding. Thus, a cylindrical member is formed. The tip end part of this cylindrical member is ground so as to form the cutting edge 4. Subsequently, this cylindrical member is hardened. After that, the cutting edge 4 is further finish-ground. Thus, the cylindrical cutter 3B is produced. The cylindrical cutter 3B is formed from a steel plate with a thickness falling within the range from 2 to 5 mm. Before the hardening process, this steel plate is bent into a cylindrical shape, and a circular sub-cutting edge 4D is formed on the tip end part of the cylindrical member. The circular sub-cutting edge 4D is formed by grinding the interior-side surface of the tip end part of the cylindrical steel plate.
The cylindrical cutter 3B is shaped so that the wedge angle gradually increases toward the sub-cutting edge 4D. According to this shape, the sub-cutting edge 4D can be prevented from being damaged by the impact when a fiber mat is die-cut. In the case where the wedge angle of the cylindrical cutter 3B becomes greater toward the tip end, the finished wedge angle of the cylindrical cutter 3B has an influence on the durability and the die-cutting characteristics of the cylindrical cutter 3B. The finished wedge angle of the cylindrical cutter 3B is dimensioned not smaller than 15 degrees and not greater than 60 degrees, optimally approximately 30 degrees. The cylindrical cutter 3B is also hardened so that the HRC hardness of the cutting edge 4 is equivalent to the gear-shaped cutter 3A.
The cylindrical cutter 3B is coupled to the gear-shaped cutter 3A by coupling members 23. The coupling member 23 is fastened by welding to the base ends of the cylindrical cutter 3B and the gear-shaped cutter 3A so that the cylindrical cutter 3B is arranged concentrically with the gear-shaped cutter 3A, and the sub-cutting edge 4D of the cylindrical cutter 3B and the cutting edges 4 of the gear-shaped cutter 3A lie in the same plane. The cutting tool 3 shown in
The cutting tool shown in
The metal base portion 3C is fastened to the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 3A by welding, and is formed into a cylindrical shape which can guide the die-cut gear-shaped sheet along the interior surface of the metal base portion 3C. The metal base portion 3C preferably has the same interior shape as the gear-shaped cutter 3A at the coupling area between them. In this case, the level difference is not created at the coupling area. As a result, the die-cut gear-shaped sheet can be smoothly guided into the interior surface of the metal base portion 3C without deforming. In the cutting tool shown in
A cutting tool according to the present invention die-cuts not only a fiber mat to be used for a fiber-reinforced plastic spur gear but also a fiber mat to be used for a fiber-reinforced plastic helical gear. A die-cutting device shown in
The workpiece rest 101 is constructed of the same metal plate as the workpiece rest in the device for die-cutting a fiber mat to be used for a spur gear.
The fiber mat 110 is die-cut while the cutting tool drive mechanism 105 rotates the cutting tool 103 about a vertical axis. This cutting tool drive mechanism 105 includes a rotation mechanism 105A for rotating the cutting tool 103. The illustrated cutting tool drive mechanism 105 includes a movable base 106, a cylinder 107 which moves the movable base 106 upward and downward. The cutting tool 103 is fastened to the movable base 106. The movable base 106 is rotated about the vertical axis by the rotation mechanism 105A. More specifically, the cutting tool 103 is fastened in a vertical orientation to the lower surface of the movable base 106. The movable base 106 is rotated by the rotation mechanism 105A, and moved upward and downward by the cylinder 106 so that the fiber mat 110 is die-cut into a helical gear-shaped sheet 111 on the workpiece rest 101. The tops of teeth on the outer peripheral surface of a helical gear are inclined with respect to the rotation axis. Correspondingly, the gear-shaped sheet is die-cut by the cutting tool into a helical gear shape having teeth the tops of which are inclined with respect to the rotation axis on its outer peripheral surface.
The rotation mechanism 105A can rotate the movable base 106 about the vertical axis when the movable base 106 is moved downward. The rotation mechanism 105A rotates the movable base 106 to a predetermined angular position in accordance with the vertical position of the movable base 106. The angular position of the cutting tool 103 is moved by the rotation mechanism 105A so that the cutting edge 104 of the cutting tool 103 can die-cut the fiber mat 110 into a helical gear shape. If the movable base 106 is not rotated when being moved downward, the die-cut gear-shaped sheet will have a spur gear exterior shape. The cutting tool 103 which is rotated by the rotation mechanism 105A when moved downward can die-cut the fiber mat 110 into the gear-shaped sheet 111 having a helical gear shape, that is, having teeth the tops of which are inclined with respect to the rotation axis. Although the aforementioned rotation mechanism 105A rotates the movable base 106 about the vertical axis whereby rotating the cutting tool 103, the rotation mechanism may rotate the workpiece rest or both the movable base and the workpiece rest so as to die-cut a fiber mat in a helical gear shape. In other words, the rotation mechanism in the present invention is not limited to a cutting tool drive mechanism which rotates the movable base. The rotation mechanism in the present invention can be a mechanism which rotates the workpiece rest or both the workpiece rest and the movable base.
The rotation mechanism 105A rotates moves the angular position of the movable base 106 as a function of the vertical position of the movable base 106 when the movable base 106 is moved downward. The inclination angle of the tops of teeth of a helical gear is determined by the angular position of the movable base 106 that is moved by the rotation mechanism 105A when the movable base 106 is moved downward (i.e., the angular position of the movable base 106 as a function of the downward-moved distance of the movable base 106). For this reason, the angular position of the movable base 106 that is moved by the rotation mechanism 105A, more specifically, the angular position of the movable base 106 as a function of the downward-moved distance of the movable base 106 is determined so as to provide the inclination angle the helical gear.
In order to move the angular position of the movable base 106 as a function of the downward-moved distance of the movable base 106, the rotation mechanism 105A shown in
According to the aforementioned rotation mechanism 105A, when the movable base 106 is moved downward, the guiding protrusions 124 are guided in the guide grooves 125 so that the guiding protrusions 124 are moved along the guide grooves 125. As a result, the angular position of the movable base 106 can be accurately determined as a function of the vertical position of the movable base 106. Although the structure of this rotation mechanism 105A is very simple, the die-cut gear-shaped sheet 111 can have an accurate helical gear shape since the angular position of the movable base 106 can be accurately determined as a function of the vertical position of the movable base 106. The reason for the simple structure is that the rotation mechanism 105A requires neither actuators for rotating the movable base such as electric motor and cylinder, nor a control mechanism for controlling the actuators. However, the rotation mechanism in the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned structure. Needless to say, the rotation mechanism may have a sensor which detects the vertical position of the movable base, and an actuator such as cylinder or electric motor which rotates the movable base in accordance with the position detected by the sensor for example.
In the aforementioned cutting tool drive mechanism 105, when the cutting tool 103 is moved downward, the fiber mat 110 placed on the die-cutting surface 102 of the workpiece rest 101 is sandwiched between the workpiece rest 101 and the cutting tool 103 so that the fiber mat 110 is die-cut into the helical gear-shaped sheet 111.
The illustrated gear-shaped cutter 103A is not formed of a thin metal plate which is bent into a cylindrical shape and formed into a gear shape. The gear-shaped cutter 103A is formed by cutting/grinding a metal block 119 with a predetermined thickness, as shown in
The illustrated gear-shaped cutter 103A includes a cutting-edge part 103a that includes cutting edges 104 on its tip end, and a base part 103b that is integrally coupled to the base-end side of the cutting-edge part 103a. The hardness of the base part 103b is lower than the hardness of the cutting-edge part 103a of this gear-shaped cutter 103A. In this gear-shaped cutter 103A, the cutting-edge part 103a and the base part 103b are formed of metals different from each other. The metal of the base part 103b has a hardness lower than the metal of the cutting-edge part 103a. According to the cushioning effect of the base part 103b with low hardness, this gear-shaped cutter 103A can absorb the impact when a fiber mat is die-cut. Since the impact can be absorbed by the base part 103b when the fiber mat 110 is die-cut, this gear-shaped cutter 103A can smoothly die-cut the fiber mat 110. In the case where the cutting-edge part and the base part of the gear-shaped cutter are formed of the same carbon steel, when the cutting-edge part and the base part are subjected to different hardening processes, the hardness of the cutting-edge part can be set higher than the base part.
The interior shape of the cutting-edge part 103a of the gear-shaped cutter 103A shown in
The height (H) of the base part 103b of the gear-shaped cutter 103A shown in
The cutting-edge part 103a and the base part 103b of the gear-shaped cutter 103A shown in
After a steel material is formed into a cylindrical member by electrical discharge machining in the cutting/grinding process, the cutting edges 104 for a helical gear is formed on the tip end of the cutting-edge part 103a by grinding the tip end of the cutting-edge part 103a with a grinding stone or file. Thus, the cut/ground cutting tool member 131 is produced. The cut/ground cutting tool member 131 is integrally coupled to the base part 103b, and is then hardened as a hardened cutting tool member in the hardening process. Subsequently, the hardened cutting tool member is finish-ground. Thus, the cutting tool is produced. The base part 103b can be formed by bending a carbon steel plate into a cylindrical member and cutting/grinding the interior surface of the cylindrical member, or by grinding a cylindrical member of carbon steel.
Although not illustrated, the gear-shaped cutter can be formed from a single block of metal by cutting/grinding the metal block. In this case, the gear-shaped cutter can be formed into the shape shown in
The cutting/grinding process includes a process for cutting the interior surface, and process for grinding the external surface of the cylindrical member having the interior surface which is cut in the cutting process.
In the cutting process, the metal block 119 is formed into a cylindrical member 120 with a predetermined thickness by electrical discharge machining. In the electrical discharge machining, wire (not shown) passes through the metal block 119, and an electric spark is emitted between the wire and the metal block 119 so that the metal block 119 is cut into the cylindrical member. More specifically, in the electrical discharge machining, the wire is moved relative to the metal block 119 so that the cylindrical member 120 is separated from the metal block 119. The cylindrical member 120, which is separated from the metal block 119 by electrical discharge machining, includes lengthwise grooves 121 and protrusions 122 which are inclined with respect to the center axis of the cylindrical member 120 and extend parallel to each other on the interior surface. The lengthwise grooves 121 and protrusions 122 are alternately arranged. The shape of the interior surface of the cylindrical member 120 which includes the lengthwise grooves 121 and the protrusions 122 on its interior surface corresponds to the exterior shape of a helical gear. The lengthwise grooves 121 and the protrusions 122 are inclined with respect to the center axis of the cylindrical member 120. The inclination angle of the lengthwise grooves 121 and the protrusions 122 is equal to the inclination angle of the gear teeth which are arranged on in the outer peripheral surface of the helical gear with respect to the rotation axis.
The external surface of the cylindrical member 120 which is separated from the metal block 119 of steel by electrical discharge machining corresponds to a circular cylinder. The cylindrical member 120 which has the cylindrical external surface and the helical-gear-shaped interior surface can be easily formed from the metal block 119 by electrical discharge machining. The reason is that both the interior and external surfaces of the cylindrical member 120 can be cut by moving the electrical discharge machining wire relative to the metal block 119. The interior surface of the cylindrical member 120 is formed into a helical gear shape by electrical discharge machining. Alternatively, although not illustrated, the interior surface shape of the cylindrical member 120 can be increased from the tip end to toward the base end of the cylindrical member 120. The exterior surface of the cylindrical member 120 is tapered by electrical discharge machining so that the exterior surface shape increases from the tip end toward the base end. Alternatively, the size and shape of the exterior surface of the cylindrical member 120 can be fixed from the tip end to the rear base. In the case where a circular cylinder or cylindrical metal block is used to form the cylindrical member, if the outer diameter of the cylindrical metal block is equal to the cylindrical member, only the interior shape of the cylindrical member can be formed by electrical discharge machining.
In this grinding process, in the case where the cylindrical member 120 has a cylindrical exterior surface, the exterior-side surface is tapered by grinding so that the outer diameter of the cylindrical member 120 increases from the tip end toward the base end. In the case where the exterior surface of the cylindrical member is tapered in the electrical discharge machining, it is possible to omit the process for forming the tapered exterior surface by grinding. In addition, cutting edges 104A are formed on the tip end of the cylindrical member 120 by grinding the exterior-side surface of the tip end of the cylindrical member 120 in this grinding process. Thus, the cut/ground cutting tool member 131 is produced which have the cutting edges 104A.
The cutting edges 104 of the cutting tool 131 die-cuts the fiber mat 110 into a helical gear shape. The cutting edges 104 is constructed of the tooth-top cutting edges 104A, the tooth-surface cutting edges 104C, and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 104B which are connected to each other. The tooth-top cutting edge 104A die-cuts a fiber mat into a part which serves as the top of a tooth of a helical gear. The tooth-surface cutting edge 104C die-cuts the fiber mat into a part which serves as a tooth surface of the gear. The tooth-bottom cutting edge 1046 die-cuts the fiber mat into a part which serves as the bottom of the tooth space of the gear. The cutting edges 104 which are constructed of the tooth-top cutting edges 104A, the tooth-surface cutting edges 104C and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 1046 are formed by grinding the exterior-side surface of the cylindrical member 120.
The tooth-surface cutting edges 104C and the tooth-bottom cutting edges 1046 are formed by grinding the exterior surface of tip end of the cylindrical member 120 into V-shaped grooves 116 in the grinding process. The V-shaped grooves 116 is arranged in the exterior-side parts of the cylindrical member that correspond to the protrusions 122 which are arranged on the interior surface of the cylindrical member. In other words, the V-shaped grooves 116 are arranged at the positions of the cylindrical member opposite to the protrusions 122. The protrusions 122 are inclined with respect to the center axis of the cylindrical member 120. Correspondingly, the V-shaped grooves 116 are inclined with respect to the center axis. The tooth-surface cutting edges 104C are arranged on the both-side surfaces of the V-shaped groove 116. The tooth-bottom cutting edge 1046 is arranged along the bottom part of the V-shaped groove 116. In order to form the tooth-bottom cutting edge 1046 along in the groove bottom of V-shaped groove 116 in the cutting edges 104, as shown in
The V-shaped groove 116 of the cutting-edge part 103a of the gear-shaped cutter 103A shown in
Furthermore, the exterior-side surface of the tip end part of the cutting edge 104 is ground from the tip end edge in an area with a width falling the range from 1 to 5 mm so that the wedge angle gradually increases toward the tip end, and the finished angle of the tip end of the cutting edge 104 falls within the range from not smaller than 10 degrees and not greater than 60 degrees, more preferably not smaller than 15 degrees and not greater than 45 degrees. According to this, the durability can be improved. The cutting-edge part 103a is tapered by partially grinding the interior-side surface of the cylindrical member 120 so that the size of the interior-side shape of the gear-shaped cutter 103A gradually increases from the tip end toward the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 103A.
(Coupling Process between Cutting Tool and Base Part)
Before the hardening process, the base part 103b is integrally coupled to the base end of the cutting tool 131 which is formed in the grinding process and will serve as the cutting part. The base part 103b is formed by cutting/grinding the interior surface of a cylindrical member which is formed from a carbon steel plate. The size of the interior-side shape of the base part 103b is greater than the cutting-edge part 103a of this gear-shaped cutter 103A. In the case where the base part 103b is coupled to the cutting tool 131 which serves as the cutting part, the interior shape of the base part 103b is dimensioned large. In particular, the size of the interior shape of the base part 103b can gradually increase toward the base end from the tip end. The protrusions 122 of this gear-shaped cutter 103A which are arranged in the base part 103b become lower from the tip end toward the base end. According to this arrangement, since the sectional interior shape of the rear end part can be larger than the tip end, the gear-shaped sheet 111 can be smoothly guided into the base part 103b when a fiber mat is die cut, and the gear-shaped sheet 111 can be smoothly separated through the base end of the gear-shaped cutter 103A after the fiber mat is die cut.
After the cutting tool 131 and the base part 103b that are not hardened are integrally coupled to each other, they are hardened to increase the hardness of the cutting edge 104. They are hardened similar to the process for hardening the cutting tool for a spur gear.
Finally, the cutting edges 104 are sharpened by finish-grinding the hardened cutting part. In particular, in the finish-grinding process, the exterior-side surface of the tip part of the cutting edge 104 is finish-ground so that the finished wedge angle is adjusted to the optimum value.
The cylindrical cutter 103B is coupled to the gear-shaped cutter 103A by coupling members 123. The coupling member 123 is fastened by welding to the base ends of the cylindrical cutter 1036 and the gear-shaped cutter 103A so that the cylindrical cutter 1036 is arranged concentrically with the gear-shaped cutter 103A, and the sub-cutting edge 104D of the cylindrical cutter 1036 and the cutting edges 104 of the gear-shaped cutter 103A lie in the same plane. The cutting tool 103 shown in
The die-cutting device shown in
(Process for Placing Fiber Mat onto Workpiece Rest)
The movable base 106 is lifted up by the cylinder 107. The cutting tool 103 which is fastened to the lower surface of the movable base 106 is positioned at the raised position. In this position, the cutting tool 103 is located above the workpiece rest 101.
The fiber mat 110 is placed onto the die-cutting surface 102 of the workpiece rest 101. The elastic sheet 101A is interposed between the fiber mat 110 and the die-cutting surface 102.
The movable base 106 is moved downward by the cylinder. The fiber mat 110 is die-cut by the cutting tool 103 which is moved downward together with the movable base 106 while rotating about the vertical axis. Since the cutting tool 103 is moved downward while rotating, the fiber mat 110 is die-cut by the cutting edge 104 into a helical gear shape. After die-cutting the fiber mat 110 into the helical gear-shaped sheet 111, the cutting edges 104 of the cutting tool 103 are engaged in the surface of the elastic sheet. As a result, the fiber mat 110 can be surely die-cut.
The cylindrical cutter 103B is fastened to the gear-shaped cutter 103A of the cutting tool 103, and arranged on the interior side of the gear-shaped cutter 103A. When the gear-shaped cutter 103A shapes the gear-shaped sheet 111 which has an exterior helical gear shape, a through hole is formed at the center of the gear-shaped sheet 111 by the cylindrical cutter 103B. Since the cutting edges 104 of the gear-shaped cutter 103A and the cylindrical cutter 103B lie in the same plane, both the gear-shaped cutter 103A and the cylindrical cutter 1036 die-cut the fiber mat 110 into the gear-shaped sheet 111. When the fiber mat 110 is die cut, the gear-shaped cutter 103A is moved downward while rotating whereby shaping the gear-shaped sheet 111 having a helical gear shape, and the cylindrical cutter 1036 is also moved downward while rotating whereby forming the through hole in the gear-shaped sheet 111. Since the edge of cylindrical cutter 1036 moves along a circle when forming the through hole in the gear-shaped sheet 111 while rotating, its cutting edge 104 moves along the circumference of the through hole. Accordingly, the through hole can be surely and properly formed at the center of the gear-shaped sheet 111.
In the case where the cylindrical cutter 1036 is fastened to the gear-shaped cutter 103A of the cutting tool 103, and arranged on the interior side of the gear-shaped cutter 103A, the fiber mat 110 is simultaneously die-cut by both the gear-shaped cutter 103A and the cylindrical cutter 103B. As a result, this cutting tool 103 can precisely die-cut the gear-shaped sheet 111 having the helical gear shape. The reason is that the fiber mat 110 is die-cut into the helical gear shape which has the through hole at its center while the fiber mat 110 is sandwiched between the gear-shaped cutter 103A and the cylindrical cutter 1036. If the fiber mat 110 which can elastically deform is die-cut by the cutting tool 103 into a helical gear shape without a through hole, a recessed part is likely to appear in the central part of the outer peripheral surface of the helical gear shape formed by die-cutting as shown in
The gear-shaped sheet 111 which is formed by die-cutting will be held in the area between the gear-shaped cutter 103A and the cylindrical cutter 103B. The movable base 106 is moved upward by the cylinder. The cutting tool 103 is also moved upward together with the movable base 106. The gear-shaped sheet 111 which is held in the cutting tool 103 is removed from the cutting tool 103.
Fiber mats 110 can be die-cut into gear-shaped sheets 111 by repeating the aforementioned processes.
It should be apparent to those with an ordinary skill in the art that while various preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it is contemplated that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, which are deemed to be merely illustrative of the inventive concepts and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, and which are suitable for all modifications and changes falling within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-200006 | Oct 2016 | JP | national |
| 2017-027382 | Feb 2017 | JP | national |
