Patent Application
20090103007
The present invention relates to a dielectric barrier discharge lamp, and more particularly to a lamp structure for improving lamp efficiency.
In addition to lamps using mercury as a discharge medium (referred to hereinbelow as mercury-containing lamps), lamps using no mercury (referred to hereinbelow as mercury-free lamps) have been abundantly studied as lamps for such devices as backlight devices for liquid crystal display devices. The mercury-free lamps are preferable because of environmental standpoint and small fluctuation in light emission intensity under the effect of temperature changes with time. Lamps of a “dielectric barrier type” in which discharge is performed via a tubular wall of a light emitting tube enclosing a rare gas have been mainly used as the mercury-free lamps.
Meanwhile, since a higher brightness is required for the liquid crystal display devices, and a higher brightness is also strongly required for the backlight devices used in the liquid crystal display devices.
Patent Publication 1 discloses a technology aimed at brightness increase (increase in level of illumination) in the dielectric barrier discharge lamps.
[Patent Publication 1]
However, the results of comprehensive research conducted by the present inventors on a “lamp efficiency (1 m/W)”, which is a value obtained by dividing an output luminous flux of the lamp by an electric power inputted to the lamp, demonstrated that the relationship between the values of the “electrostatic capacity formed between the internal electrode 5 and the discharge space” and the “electrostatic capacity formed between the external electrode 4 and the discharge space”, such as taught in Patent Document 1, is not related to the lamp efficiency.
The present invention is based on newly discovered knowledge, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a dielectric barrier discharge lamp with high lamp efficiency as well as a backlight device and a liquid crystal display device using the same.
The present inventors have newly discovered that, in a dielectric barrier discharge lamp, a lamp capacity per inner surface area of a bulb between a pair of electrodes set less than a certain value greatly increases a lamp efficiency, which is a value obtained by dividing an output luminous flux of the lamp by an electric power inputted to the lamp.
Specifically, a first aspect of the present invention provides a dielectric barrier discharge lamp comprising a bulb enclosing a discharge medium containing a rare gas; and a first electrode and a second electrode arranged for the bulb; wherein a lamp capacity per inner surface area of the bulb between the first and second electrodes is less than 2.8 nF/m2. By setting the lamp capacity per inner surface area of the bulb to less than 2.8 nF/m2, the lamp efficiency is greatly increased.
It is even more preferred that the lamp capacity per inner surface area of the bulb be set to less than 2.4 nF/m2.
Specifically, the first electrode is arranged inside the bulb, and the second electrode is arranged outside the bulb. The second electrode is preferably arranged at a distance from the bulb.
The lamp capacity per inner surface area of the bulb is determined by physical configuration of the dielectric barrier discharge lamp, that is, a capacity (permittivity or dielectric constant and thickness) of a tube wall of the bulb and a clearance distance between the second electrode and the bulb. As for the capacity of the tube wall of the bulb, changing the dielectric constant requires changing the material, and materials with a dielectric constant lower than that of the air are presently unknown. Therefore, it is not that easy to adjust the capacity of the tube wall of the bulb to a desired value. Accordingly, it is preferred that the lamp capacity per inner surface area of the bulb is adjusted by adjusting the clearance distance between the second electrode and the bulb.
Considering a voltage applied to the lamp in addition to the lamp capacity determined by the physical configuration as described above, the present inventor have newly discovered that a discharge charge quantity per one discharge and per inner surface area of the bulb between the pair of electrodes less than a certain value greatly increases the lamp efficiency.
Specifically, a second aspect of the present invention provides a dielectric barrier discharge lamp comprising a bulb enclosing a discharge medium containing a rare gas, a first electrode and a second electrode arranged for the bulb, and a lighting circuit for applying an alternating voltage between the first and second electrodes so as to repeatedly generate dielectric discharge for causing light emission by plasmanizing the rare gas, wherein a discharge charge quantity per one discharge and per inner surface area of the bulb between the first and second electrodes is less than 29 μC/m2.
More specifically, a peak-to-peak value of a voltage applied by the lighting circuit between the first and second electrodes is 1.25 kV or more and 3.2 kV or less.
Further, the first electrode is arranged inside the bulb, and the second electrode is arranged outside the bulb. The second electrode is preferably arranged at a distance from the bulb.
According to the dielectric barrier discharge lamp of the first aspect of the present invention, the lamp efficiency can be greatly increased by setting a lamp capacity per inner surface area of the bulb to less than 2.8 nF/m2. According to the dielectric barrier discharge lamp of the second aspect of the present invention, the lamp efficiency can be greatly increased by setting a discharge charge quantity per one discharge and per inner surface area of the bulb to less than 29.0 μC/m2.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail.
A dielectric barrier discharge lamp device 100 of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in
A pair of electrodes, namely, an internal electrode (first electrode) 11 and the external electrode (second electrode) 12 are disposed for the light-emitting tube or bulb 10. In the present embodiment, the internal electrode 11 is disposed at one end of the bulb 10. The external electrode 12 is disposed outside the bulb 10. More specifically, the external electrode 12 extends in a longitudinal direction (tube axis direction) of the bulb 10 and faces an outer circumferential surface of the bulb 10 via a clearance created by a holding member 17. The shortest distance between the external electrode 12 and outer circumferential surface of the bulb 10 (clearance distance “d”) is constant in the longitudinal direction of the bulb 10. A rare gas (not shown in the figure) is enclosed inside the bulb 10, and a fluorescent layer 13 is coated on the inner surface of the bulb 10. A lighting circuit 14 is electrically connected to the internal electrode 11 and external electrode 12. The lighting circuit 14 applies a rectangular waveform voltage to the internal electrode 11 and external electrode 12. One output terminal of the lighting circuit 14 is connected to a ground 15.
A small-diameter tube that has high strength and can be easily mass produced is generally used as the bulb 10. Material for the bulb 10 includes glasses such as borosilicate glass, quartz glass, soda glass, and lead glass. An outer diameter of the bulb 10 is usually set to but not limited to approximately 1.0 mm to 10.0 mm. For example, a bulb with a diameter of approximately 30 mm that has been used in fluorescent lamps for general-type illumination may be employed. The bulb 10 does not necessarily have a linear shape; L-shaped, U-shaped, or rectangular bulb may be also used.
The bulb 10 is sealed, and a discharge medium (not shown in the figures) is enclosed therein. The discharge medium is at least one type of gas comprising a rare gas as a main component. A pressure of the gas enclosed in the bulb 10, that is, the pressure inside the lamp of the dielectric barrier discharge lamp device 100 is approximately 0.1 kPa to 76.0 kPa.
The internal electrode 11 is formed inside at one end of the bulb 10. The internal electrode 11 can be formed from a metal, for example, tungsten or nickel. A surface of the internal electrode 11 may be coated partially or entirely with a layer of metal oxide such as cerium oxide, barium oxide, and strontium oxide. Such metal oxide layer reduces the lighting start voltage and prevents deterioration of electrodes caused by ion collisions. The internal electrode 11 may be disposed at both ends rather than only at one end (refer to latter-described
The external electrode 12 can be formed from a metal such as copper, aluminum, and stainless steel or a transparent conductive structure comprising tin oxide or indium oxide as the main component. By using the external electrode 12 that has been subjected to mirror finish reflection processing, light emitted from the bulb 10 to the external electrode 12 can be reflected with high efficiency and a high light extraction efficiency be realized, even without arranging a high-reflection sheet between the external electrode 12 and the bulb 10.
The fluorescent layer 13 is formed to convert a wavelength of the light emitted by the discharge medium. Light of various wavelengths can be obtained by varying the material of the fluorescent layer 13. For example, white light or light of red, green, and blue color can be obtained. The fluorescent layer 13 can be formed from such material as those for the so-called fluorescent lamps for general-type illumination or plasma displays.
The lighting circuit 14 applies the rectangular wavelength voltage between the internal electrode 11 and external electrode 12.
Applying the rectangular waveform voltage is generally preferred for the dielectric barrier discharge because lamp efficiency (a value obtained by dividing the output luminous flux from the bulb 10 by the power input to the bulb 10) is increased. The voltage waveform is not limited to the rectangular waveform and may be a sine wave or the like as long as the bulb 10 can be lighted. By the voltage applied by the lighting circuit 14, a dielectric barrier discharge is repeatedly generated via the wall of bulb 10 so that the rare gas is plasmanized to emit light.
Methods for measuring an electrostatic capacity “C0” (referred to hereinbelow as “lamp capacity C0”), discharge charge quantity per one discharge “Q0”, and lamp efficiency “η” of a lamp section of the dielectric barrier discharge lamp device 100 will be described below.
The lamp capacity “C0” and lamp efficiency “η” can be calculated using the dielectric barrier discharge lamp device 300 shown in
In the equivalent circuit of
In the above-described arrangement, the rectangular waveform voltage is applied from the lighting circuit 14, and voltages “V1” and “V2” are measured after the bulb 10 has been lighted. As described later in detail, the bulb is lighted with an alternating current voltage having a peak-to-peak value (p-p value) of several kilovolts and a frequency of approximately 20 to 30 kHz (for certain lamps the frequency may be of an order of several tens of kilohertz). A voltage (lamp voltage) “V0” (=V1−V2) applied to the internal electrode 11 and external electrode 12 is calculated from the measured voltages “V1” and “V2”. Further, because the capacitor 16 is connected in serial with the capacitor “L” composed of the lamp, the electric charge “Q” (=C16×V2) accumulated in the capacitor “L” is calculated from the electrostatic capacity “C16” of capacitor 16 and voltage “V2”.
W=S×f (1)
Here, paths from the point “A” to point “B” and from the point “C” to point D show changes in the accumulation of electric charges “Q” in the capacitor “L” and the lamp voltages “V0” immediately after abrupt changes in the rectangular waveform voltage, whereas paths from the point “B” to point “C” and from point “D” to point “A” represent the accumulation of electric charges “Q” in the capacitor “L” and lamp voltages “V0” from starts to ends of the discharge in the discharge space.
Meanwhile, because the lamp capacity “C0” is a value obtained by dividing the variation of electric charge “Q” by the variation of voltage “V0”, the lamp capacity can be calculated from an inclination of the path between the point “A” and point “B”. However, since the external electrode 12 extends along the longitudinal direction of the bulb 10, the lamp capacity “C0” differs depending on the length of bulb 10. In other words, it can be assumed that identical capacitors connected in parallel are arranged in the longitudinal direction. Even with the same electrode configuration, if the tube diameter of the bulb 10 increases, the accumulated electric charge quantities increase corresponding to the increase in the internal surface area. Thus, if the tube diameter increases, the lamp capacity substantially increases. Accordingly, in order to evaluate lamp capacity by excluding the size of the bulb 10, a value obtained by dividing the lamp capacity “C0” by the inner surface area “SL” of the bulb 10 is determined as a lamp capacity per inner surface area “C0”. The lamp capacity per inner surface area “C0” is represented by following Formula (2). In this Formula (2), ΔQ and ΔV respectively represent variations of electric charge and lamp voltage from the point “A” to point “B” (from the point “C2 to point “D”).
Where the total luminous flux quantity outputted from the dielectric barrier discharge lamp device 300 is denoted by “Φ”, the lamp efficiency “η” can be calculated by following Formula (3) using Formula (1).
Variations of electric charge “Q” from the point “B” to point “C” and from the point “D” to point “A” are electric charges moving inside the discharge space due to one discharge. The accumulated quantity of the electric charge “Q” within the paths from point B to point C and from point D to point A is defined as a discharge charge quantity per one discharge “Q0”.
The lamp voltage “V0” at the point “B” and point “C” is denoted by “V0b”, and “V0c”, respectively, and an average voltage value thereof is denoted by “V0bc”. Sanitarily, the lamp voltage V0 at the point “D” and point “A” is denoted by “V0d” and “V0a”, respectively, and the average voltage value thereof is denoted by “V0da”. Because the variations of lamp voltage “V0” from the point “B” to point “C” and from the point “D” to point “A” are small, the discharge charge quantity “Q0” is approximately equivalent to a value obtained by dividing the surface area “S” by “V0bcda” obtained by subtracting the average voltage value “V0da” from the average voltage value “V0bc” as represented by the following Formula (4).
However, because the bulb 10 has a certain size, the discharge charge quantity “Q0” differs depending on length and tube diameter of the bulb 10. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the discharge charge quantity by excluding influence of the size of the inner surface area “SL” of the bulb “10”, the value obtained by dividing the discharge charge quantity “Q0” by the inner surface area “SL” is defined as a discharge charge quantity per one discharge and per inner surface area “q0” as shown in Formula (5) below.
With the above-described Formulas (1) to (5), the lamp capacity per inner surface area “C0”, discharge charge quantity per inner surface area and one discharge “q0”, and lamp efficiency “η” can be calculated by using the V-Q Lissajous waveform figure in the dielectric barrier discharge lamp device 300 shown in
In order to study relationship among the lamp efficiency “η”, lamp capacity C0, and discharge charge quantity “q0”, dielectric barrier discharge lamps with various lamp capacities “C0” were fabricated for measuring the lamp capacity “C0”, discharge charge quantity “q0”, and lamp efficiency “η”.
Possible methods for changing the lamp capacity per inter surface area “C0” include changing the clearance distance “d” between the bulb 10 and the external electrode 12 (corresponding to a distance between the external electrode 12 and the discharge space), changing a thickness of the tube wall of the bulb 10 (determined by the difference between an outer diameter and inner diameter of the bulb 10), and changing dielectric constant by changing the material constituting the bulb 10. However, changing the dialectic constant by changing the material constituting the bulb 10 is not necessarily easy because no material with a dielectric constant lower than that of the air is presently known. Accordingly, in the present experiment, the lamp capacity “C0” was changed by changing the clearance distance “d” between the bulb 10 and external electrode 12 for external electrodes 12 of various shapes. Further, for changing the lamp capacity “C0”, bulbs 10 with different thicknesses of tube walls were used.
Changing the lamp capacity “C0” as well as changing the input voltage value can be considered for changing the discharge charge quantity per inner surface area and per one discharge “q0”. However, because the input voltage has to be set so as to stabilize the discharge and maintain lighting performance, the range in which the input voltage can be regulated is narrow. Accordingly, in the present experiment, the discharge charge quantity “q0” was mainly changed by changing the lamp capacity “C0”, and a p-p value of the input voltage was set within a range of 1.25 kV or more and 3.2 kV or less so as to be within a range of values generally necessary to maintain lighting performance.
A total of fourteen types of external electrodes 12 with numbers from No. 1 to No. 14, as shown in Table 1 below, were used.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Bulbs 10 of four types were used. More specifically, the four types includes a straight tube with an outer diameter of 2.6 mm, an inner diameter of 2.0 mm, a tube wall thickness of 0.3 mm, and a length of 160 mm (bulb 10 of No. 1), a straight tube with an outer diameter of 3.0 mm, an inner diameter of 2.0 mm, a tube wall thickness of 0.5 mm, and a length of 160 mm (bulb 10 of No. 2), a straight tube with an outer diameter of 3.0 mm, an inner diameter of 2.0 mm, a tube wall thickness of 0.5 mm, and a length of 370 mm (bulb 10 of No. 3), and a straight tube with an outer diameter of 4.0 mm, an inner diameter of 3.0 mm, a tube wall thickness of 0.5 mm, and a length of 370 mm (bulb 10 of No. 4). In bulbs 10 of No. 1 and No. 2, the internal electrode 11 is disposed only at one end (refer to
The lamp voltage “V0” and charge “Q” were measured under the conditions shown in Tables 2 to 4, and the lamp capacity “C0” per inner surface area of bulb 10, discharge charge quantity “q0” per inner surface area, and lamp efficiency “η” were calculated by the V-Q Lissajous waveform figure. As for other conditions, a mixed gas comprising xenon 60% and argon 40% was enclosed in the bulb 10 under a pressure of 20 kPa. The main component of the external electrode 12 was Al, and the surface of the external electrode 12 was coated with Ag to provide it with the reflection function. The total luminous flux and lamp power were measured by disposing the dielectric barrier discharge lamps inside an integrating sphere and lighting the lamps with a high-voltage pulse power source (SBP-5K-HF-1 from Haidenlaborary). The lighting circuit 14 comprising the high-voltage pulse power source had a positive-negative alternative rectangular drive waveform.
In experiments Nos. 1 to 9 shown in Table 2, the external electrodes 12 of Nos. 1 to 9 and bulbs 10 of Nos. 1, 2 were used, and the input voltage was 1.25 kV to 2.0 kV as the p-p value. Further, in experiments Nos. 10 to 42 shown in Table 3, the external electrodes 12 of Nos. 10 to 14 and the bulb 10 of No. 3 were used, and the input voltage was 1.6 kV to 3.0 kV as the p-p value. In experiments Nos. 43 to 72 shown in Table 4, the external electrodes 12 of Nos. 10 to 14 and the bulb 10 of No. 4 were used, and the input voltage was 2.0 kV to 3.2 kV as the p-p value. In all the experiments Nos. 1 to 72, the input voltage was from 1.25 kV to 3.2 kV as the p-p value.
The measurement results on the lamp capacity per inner surface area “C0”, discharge charge quantity per inner surface area “q0”, and lamp efficiency “η” of experiments Nos. 1 to 72 are shown in Tables 2 to 4. Further, the measurement results on lamp capacity “C02 and lamp efficiency “η” are plotted as a graph in
Furthermore,
Although the minimum value of the lamp capacity “C0” is 0.5 nF/m2 in the present experiment, because the discharge charge quantity decreases, that is, the lamp current decreases with the decrease in lamp capacity “C0”, further decrease in lamp capacity “C0” would increase lamp efficiency. Further, the lower limit value of lamp capacity “C0” is determined by brightness required for each light-emitting device. Where the lamp capacity “C0” decreases, brightness per unit length of one lamp decreases, provided that the drive voltage is the same. Usually, brightness can be compensated by raising voltage or increasing the number of lamps, and the lower limit value of the lamp capacity for practical use is set only in the case where the brightness cannot be ensured due to limitations in performance or cost of the lighting circuits for respective light-emitting devices.
From
A specific feature of experiments Nos. 1 to 72 is that, as described above, the input voltage is set within a range generally required to maintain lighting and the discharge charge quantity “q0” is reduced by decreasing the lamp capacity “C0” (e.g. by decreasing the clearance distance “d”), rather than setting the input voltage low to reduce the discharge charge quantity “q0”. It is estimated that by not reducing the input voltage, an electric field intensity “E” (proportional to input voltage and lamp voltage “V0”) applied inside the tube is maintained high, resulting in that a large amount of xenon is excited to a metastable stable state. Further, it is estimated that the decreased discharge charge quantity “q0” prevent the ionization of xenon and raise the lamp efficiency “η” above the conventionally predicted level.
The present invention was achieved as a result of the above-described experiments based on the below-described theoretical considerations. It is generally know that the lamp efficiency “η” increases with the decreases of a lamp current “I”. However, where the physical configuration of a dielectric barrier discharge lamp is determined, there is an optimum lamp voltage “V0” at which the maximum lamp efficiency “η” for the given configuration can be obtained. Thus, even if the lamp voltage is further decreased from the optimum lamp voltage “V0” to decrease the lamp current “I”, the lamp efficiency does not rise. In view of this, the inventors reached an idea that reducing lamp current “I” (discharge charge quantity “q0”), while maintaining a high electric field intensity “E”, would further increase the efficiency, and conceived a configuration with reduced lamp capacity “C0” as a configuration for increasing the electric field intensity “E”. In other words, the present inventors conceived that the configuration for reducing the charge quantity “Q”, while maintaining the high electric field intensity “E”, could be attained by the configuration in which the lamp voltage is set within a range necessary to maintain lighting and also within a range of practical use of a lamp product while the lamp capacity “C0” is decreased (a configuration in which the clearance distance “d” between the bulb 10 and the external electrode 12 is increased or in which the dielectric constant of the external electrode 12 and the discharge space within the bulb 10 is decreased). As a result of measuring the actual lamp efficiency “η” in such configuration, values of the lamp capacity “C0” and discharge charge quantity “q0” that achieved greatly increased lamp efficiency as shown in
A practical way for realizing the range of lamp capacity “C0” in which the lamp efficiency is remarkably increased is to increase the clearance distance “d” between the external electrode 12 and bulb 10. This is because that the air has the lowest dielectric constant of the presently known substances and that the clearance distance “d” can be increased by merely disposing the external electrode 12 at a distance from the bulb 10.
Referring to
The backlight device 700 was explained regarding the backlight for the liquid crystal display device, but it can be also used as a surface light source other than that for the liquid crystal display device. For example, it can be used for a backlight for a signboard, an indoor illumination source, and an illumination light source for a vehicle.
The dielectric barrier discharge lamp in accordance with the present invention is suitable as a backlight source for liquid crystal display devices, a backlight source for a signboard, an indoor illumination source, and an illumination light source for a vehicle.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006-015897 | Jan 2006 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/051151 | 1/25/2007 | WO | 00 | 12/27/2007 |
