The present disclosure relates generally to an electromagnetic device, particularly to a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) system, and more particularly to a DRA system having first and second dielectric portions for enhancing the gain, return loss and isolation associated with a plurality of dielectric structures within the DRA system.
While existing DRA resonators and arrays may be suitable for their intended purpose, the art of DRAs would be advanced with an improved DRA structure for building a high gain DRA system with high directionality in the far field that can overcome existing drawbacks, such as limited bandwidth, limited efficiency, limited gain, limited directionality, or complex fabrication techniques, for example.
This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present invention.
An embodiment includes an electromagnetic device having a dielectric structure that has: a first dielectric portion, FDP, having a proximal end and a distal end, and a three-dimensional, 3D, shape having a direction of protuberance from the proximal end to the distal end oriented parallel with an effective z-axis of an orthogonal x, y, z coordinate system, the FDP comprising a dielectric material other than air; and a second dielectric portion, SDP, having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end of the SDP being disposed proximate the distal end of the FDP to form the dielectric structure, the SDP comprising a dielectric material other than air; wherein the SDP has a 3D shape having a first x-y plane cross-section area proximate the proximal end of the SDP, and a second x-y plane cross-section area between the proximal end and the distal end of the SDP, the second x-y plane cross section area being greater than the first x-y plane cross-section area.
The above features and advantages and other features and advantages of the invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the exemplary non-limiting drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the accompanying Figures:
Although the following detailed description contains many specifics for the purposes of illustration, anyone of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many variations and alterations to the following details are within the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the following example embodiments are set forth without any loss of generality to, and without imposing limitations upon, the claimed invention.
An embodiment, as shown and described by the various figures and accompanying text, provides an electromagnetic device in the form of a dielectric structure having a first dielectric portion and a second dielectric portion strategically disposed with respect to the first dielectric portion so as to provide for improved gain, improved bandwidth, improved return loss, and/or improved isolation, when at least the first dielectric portion is electromagnetically excited to radiate (e.g., electromagnetically resonate and radiate) an electromagnetic field in the far field. In an embodiment, only the first dielectric portion is electromagnetically excited to radiate an electromagnetic field in the far field. In another embodiment, both the first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion are electromagnetically excited to radiate an electromagnetic field in the far field. In an embodiment where only the first dielectric portion is electromagnetically excited to radiate an electromagnetic field in the far field, the first dielectric portion may be viewed as an electromagnetic dielectric resonator, and the second dielectric portion may be viewed as a dielectric electromagnetic beam shaper. In an embodiment where both the first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion are electromagnetically excited to radiate an electromagnetic field in the far field, the combination of the first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion may be viewed as an electromagnetic dielectric resonator, and where the second dielectric portion may also be viewed as a dielectric electromagnetic beam shaper. In an embodiment, the dielectric structure is an all-dielectric structure (absent embedded metal or metal particles, for example).
In an embodiment where only the first dielectric portion is electromagnetically excited to radiate an electromagnetic field in the far field, the height of the first dielectric portion is selected such that greater than 50% of the resonant mode electromagnetic energy in the near field is present within the first dielectric portion for a selected operating free space wavelength associated with the dielectric structure. In an embodiment where both the first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion are electromagnetically excited to radiate an electromagnetic field in the far field, the height of the first dielectric portion is selected such that some of the aforementioned greater than 50% of the resonant mode electromagnetic energy in the near field is also present within the second dielectric portion for a selected operating free space wavelength associated with the dielectric structure.
In an embodiment, the second dielectric portion 252 is disposed in direct intimate contact with the first dielectric portion 202 absent an air gap therebetween, and may be at least partially embedded within the first dielectric portion 202 at the distal end 206 of the first dielectric portion 202.
In another embodiment, the proximal end of the second dielectric portion 252 is disposed at a distance away from the distal end of the first dielectric portion 202 by a distance of less the 5 times, or less the 4 times, or less than 3 times, or less than 2 times, or less than 1 times, or less than 0.5 times, the free space wavelength of an emitted (center frequency) radiation of the dielectric structure 200.
With reference to the foregoing description of
In an embodiment, any of the second dielectric portions 252 as depicted in
With reference to
While
In an embodiment, the dielectric material of the second dielectric portion 252 has an average dielectric constant that is less than the average dielectric constant of the dielectric material of the first dielectric portion 202. In another embodiment, the dielectric material of the second dielectric portion 252 has an average dielectric constant that is greater than the average dielectric constant of the dielectric material of the first dielectric portion 202. In a further embodiment, the dielectric material of the second dielectric portion 252 has an average dielectric constant that is equal to the average dielectric constant of the dielectric material of the first dielectric portion 202. In an embodiment, a dielectric material of the first dielectric portion 202 has an average dielectric constant of greater than 3, and the dielectric material of the second dielectric portion 252 has an average dielectric constant of equal to or less than 3. In an embodiment, the dielectric material of the first dielectric portion 202 has an average dielectric constant of greater than 5, and the dielectric material of the second dielectric portion 252 has an average dielectric constant of equal to or less than 5. In an embodiment, the dielectric material of the first dielectric portion 202 has an average dielectric constant of greater than 10, and the dielectric material of the second dielectric portion 252 has an average dielectric constant of equal to or less than 10. In an embodiment, the dielectric material of the second dielectric portion 252 has an average dielectric constant that is greater than the dielectric constant of air.
With reference now back to
As noted herein above with reference to
equally spaced apart relative to each other in an x-y grid formation, see
spaced apart relative to each other in a diamond formation, see
spaced apart relative to each other on an oblique grid in a uniform periodic pattern, see
spaced apart relative to each other on a radial grid in a uniform periodic pattern, see
spaced apart relative to each other on an x-y grid in an increasing or decreasing non-periodic pattern, see
spaced apart relative to each other on an oblique grid in an increasing or decreasing non-periodic pattern, see
spaced apart relative to each other on a radial grid in an increasing or decreasing non-periodic pattern, see
spaced apart relative to each other in a uniform periodic pattern, see
spaced apart relative to each other in an increasing or decreasing non-periodic pattern, see
spaced apart relative to each other on a non-x-y grid in a uniform periodic pattern, see
spaced apart relative to each other on a non-x-y grid in an increasing or decreasing non-periodic pattern, see
Reference is now made to
Reference is now made to
Reference is now made to
The performance characteristics of several of the embodiments described herein above will now be described with reference to
Reference is now made to
In
While an invention has been described herein with reference to example embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the claims. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best or only mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Also, in the drawings and the description, there have been disclosed example embodiments and, although specific terms and/or dimensions may have been employed, they are unless otherwise stated used in a generic, exemplary and/or descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the claims therefore not being so limited. Moreover, the use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Furthermore, the use of the terms a, an, etc. do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item. Additionally, the term “comprising” as used herein does not exclude the possible inclusion of one or more additional features.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/617,358, filed Jan. 15, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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62617358 | Jan 2018 | US |