Diffuser plate for premixed burner box

Abstract

To substantially reduce inequality in hot combustion flow rates through first and second heat exchanger tubes from a fuel-fired heating appliance burner box connected thereto and internally combusting a fuel/air mixture received therein from a source thereof to create the hot combustion gas, a perforated diffuser member having a non-uniform perforation pattern is provided. The fuel/air mixture is flowed through the perforated diffuser member into the interior of the burner box. The non-uniform perforation pattern of the diffuser member functions to alter relative combustion gas flow rates through the first and second heat exchanger tubes in a manner reducing an undesirable operating temperature differential therebetween.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to diffuser plate apparatus that functions to beneficially lessen undesirable uneven heating of combustion product-receiving heat exchanger tubes in an array thereof during the firing of a fuel-fired heating appliance, such as a furnace, with which the tubes are operatively associated.

In fuel-fired heating appliances, such as furnaces, a known firing method is to flow a fuel/air mixture into a burner box structure in which a suitable ignition device is disposed to combust the fuel air mixture and thereby create hot combustion gases used to heat air for delivery to a conditioned space. The hot combustion gases are flowed through a series of heat exchanger tubes, externally across which the air to be heated is flowed, and then discharged from the heating appliance into a suitable flue structure.

Due to various configurational characteristics of the heating appliance, during firing of the appliance undesirable uneven heating of the combustion product-receiving heat exchanger tubes may occur such that an undesirable non-uniform temperature distribution is present in the overall heat exchanger tube array. It is to this problem that the present invention is primarily directed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a representative fuel fired heating appliance in which the diffuser plate is incorporated;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged scale schematic cross-sectional view through the heating appliance taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3 is an enlarged scale schematic side elevational view of the diffuser plate taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The fuel/air combustion system 10 of a fuel-fired heating appliance, representatively a furnace 12, is schematically depicted in FIG. 1. The combustion system 10 includes a fuel/air mixture supply housing 14 (representatively a low NOx mixing box structure) that is connected to a burner box or housing 16 with which a suitable ignition device 18 is operatively associated. Burner box 16, in turn, is coupled to a collector box 20 by a series of heat exchanger tubes 22 (representatively five in number) that extend through the furnace 12 and include (as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) two outer end tubes 22a and three centrally disposed tubes 22b. A draft inducer fan 24 is positioned within the collector box 20.

During firing of the furnace 12, the draft inducer fan 24 draws a fuel/air mixture 26 (created in a suitable manner from separate air and fuel sources not shown herein) sequentially through the fuel/air mixture supply housing 14 and into the burner box 16. Within the burner box 16 the fuel/air mixture 26 is combusted by the ignition device 18 to form hot combustion gases 28 which are drawn by the draft inducer fan 24 through the heat exchanger tubes 22 and into the collector box 20. At the same time, air 30 to be heated is suitably flowed across the heat exchanger tubes 22, to receive combustion gas heat therefrom, and is then discharged from the furnace 12 as heated air 30a for delivery to a conditioned space served by the furnace 12. Cooled by the heat transfer from the tubes 22 to the air 30, cooled combustion gases 28a are drawn into the collector box 20 by the draft inducer fan 24 and then discharged from the furnace 12 to a suitable flue (not shown).

Representatively, as shown in FIG. 2, the draft inducer fan 24 is generally centered in a left-to-right direction within the collector box 20 and with respect to the five illustratively depicted heat exchanger tubes 22. Accordingly, the suction of the fan 24 is similarly centered relative to the array of heat exchanger tubes 22. Without the incorporation in the furnace 12 of a subsequently described feature of the present invention, the result is that the per-tube flow of hot combustion gases 28 is greater for the central tubes 22b than it is for the end tubes 22a. In turn, this creates an undesirable non-uniform temperature distribution across the heat exchanger tube array, with the central tubes 22b having higher operating temperatures than those of the end tubes 22a.

With reference now to FIGS. 1 and 3, according to an aspect of the present invention, a specially designed perforated diffuser plate 32 is installed at the juncture between the fuel/air mixture supply housing 14 and the burner box 16. As shown in FIG. 3, the diffuser plate 32 illustratively has an elongated rectangular shape, and may be substantially aligned with the open inlet ends of the heat exchanger tubes 22. Along substantially the entire length of the diffuser plate 32 are formed a series of relatively small perforations 34, with relatively larger perforations 36 being additionally formed through the opposite end portions of the diffuser plate 32. This perforation pattern, as can be seen, provides opposite end portions of the diffuser plate 32 (which are generally aligned with the inlets of the end heat exchanger tubes 22a) with greater fuel/air mixture through-flow areas than the diffuser plate fuel/air mixture through-flow areas aligned with the inlets of the central heat exchanger tubes 22b.

Accordingly, during firing of the furnace 12, the presence of the diffuser plate 32 lessens the flow of hot combustion gases 28 through the central heat exchanger tubes 22b and increases the flow of hot combustion gases 28 through the end heat exchanger tubes 22a, with the hole pattern in the diffuser plate 32 being designed to substantially alleviate non-uniform temperature distribution across the heat exchanger tube array. As can be readily be seen, principles of the present invention provide a simple and quite inexpensive solution to the problem non-uniform temperature distribution across the heat exchanger tube array. Additionally, in developing the present invention it has been discovered that the use of the diffuser plate 32 also provides for improved mixing of the fuel/air mixture 26 entering the burner box 16 and further provides for a beneficial reduction in the NOx level of the discharged combustion gases 28a.

While a particular hole pattern in the diffuser plate has been representatively described herein, it will be readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill in this particular art that a variety of alternative hole patterns and sizes may alternatively be utilized if desired. For example, while a combination of different size holes has been representatively illustrated and described, the holes could be of uniform size but with more holes/area being disposed on the opposite ends of the diffuser plate 32 than in the longitudinally intermediate portion of the diffuser plate 32. Further, the hole pattern could be a non-uniformly spaced pattern to suit the particular application.

While principles of the present invention have been representatively illustrated and described herein as being incorporated in a fuel-fired air heating furnace, a combustion system utilizing such invention principles could alternatively be incorporated to advantage in the combustion systems of a wide variety of other types of fuel-fired heating appliances using fire tube-type heat exchangers to heat either a gas or a liquid.

The foregoing detailed description is to be clearly understood as being given by way of illustration and example only, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited solely by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel-fired heating appliance having a combustion system comprising: a housing having an interior and a wall portion;an ignition device carried by the housing and operative to combust a fuel/air mixture entering the interior of the housing to form hot combustion gas;first heat exchanger tubes and second heat exchanger tubes having inlets communicating with the interior of the housing through the wall portion of the housing for receiving hot combustion gas generated within the interior of the housing;a fan for flowing the hot combustion gas from the interior of the housing through the first heat exchanger tubes and the second heat exchanger tubes, wherein the fan is positioned and operable such that more of the hot combustion gas flows through the first heat exchanger tubes than the second heat exchanger tubes thereby creating a non-uniform temperature differential therebetween in the absence of a diffuser plate disposed in the housing; andthe diffuser plate carried by the housing and through which the fuel/air mixture may enter the interior of the housing, the diffuser plate having a perforation arrangement configured to alter relative combustion gas flow rates through the first heat exchanger tubes and the second heat exchanger tubes in a manner reducing the non-uniform temperature differential therebetween, wherein the perforation arrangement is such that outer ends of the diffuser plate comprise both a first set of perforations and a second set of perforations, whereas a central portion of the diffuser plate comprises only the first set of perforations, the first set of perforations being smaller in size than the second set of perforations, andwherein the diffuser plate is positioned in the housing such that the inlets of the first heat exchanger tubes are aligned with the central portion of the diffuser plate and the inlets of the second heat exchanger tube are aligned with one of the outer ends of the diffuser plate.

2. The fuel-fired heating appliance of claim 1 wherein: the fuel fired heating appliance is an air heating furnace.

3. A combustion apparatus for use in a fuel-fired heating apparatus, comprising: a housing having an interior and an outer wall;an ignition device carried by the housing and operative to combust a fuel/air mixture entering the interior of the housing to form hot combustion gas;first heat exchanger tubes and second heat exchanger tubes having inlets communicating with the interior of the housing through the wall portion of the housing for receiving hot combustion gas generated within the interior of the housing; anda perforated diffuser plate, carried by the housing in a spaced apart relationship with the inlets of the first heat exchanger tubes and the second heat exchanger tubes and through which the fuel/air mixture may enter the interior of the housing, the perforated diffuser plate having a non-uniform perforation pattern operative to reduce inequality of combustion gas flow rates through the first heat exchanger tubes and the second heat exchanger tubes during firing of the fuel-fired heating apparatus, wherein the non-uniform perforation pattern is such that outer ends of the diffuser plate comprise both a first set of perforations and a second set of perforations, whereas a central portion of the diffuser plate comprises only the first set of perforations, the second set of perforations being larger in size than the first set of perforations, andwherein the diffuser plate is positioned in the housing such that the inlets of the first heat exchanger tubes are aligned with the central portion of the diffuser plate and the inlets of the second heat exchanger tube are aligned with one of the outer ends of the diffuser plate.

4. The combustion apparatus of claim 3 wherein: the fuel-fired heating apparatus is an air heating furnace.

5. The fuel-fired heating appliance of claim 1, wherein: the perforation arrangement is such that perforations at outer ends of the diffuser plate permit a greater flow of the fuel/air mixture than perforations at a central portion of the diffuser plate.

6. The fuel-fired heating appliance of claim 1, wherein: the perforation arrangement is such that perforations at outer ends of the diffuser plate comprise a greater area per a unit area of the diffuser plate than the perforations at a central portion of the diffuser plate.

7. The combustion apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the non-uniform perforation pattern is such that perforations at outer ends of the diffuser plate permit a greater flow of the fuel/air mixture than perforations at a central portion of the diffuser plate.

8. The combustion apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the non-uniform perforation pattern is such that perforations at outer ends of the diffuser plate comprise a greater area per a unit area of the diffuser plate than the perforations at a central portion of the diffuser plate.