Patent Grant
9184700
Embodiments described herein relate generally to, for example, a digital amplitude modulator used in a medium-wave transmission apparatus, and a control method for the digital amplitude modulator.
A digital amplitude modulator is used for, for example, medium-wave broadcasting. The digital amplitude modulator includes a plurality of power amplifiers. The digital amplitude modulator ON/OFF-controls the plurality of power amplifiers according to the voltage amplitude level of a signal to be modulated, thereby changing the number of power amplifiers to which amplified carrier signals are output. The digital amplitude modulator generates an Amplitude Modulation (AM) wave by synthesizing the output signals of power amplifiers in an ON state, and sends the generated AM wave to a predetermined broadcasting service area.
In the aforementioned digital amplitude modulator, the signal quality of the AM wave may degrade when, for example, a breakdown of the power amplifier or some failure occurs. When an SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) deteriorates at the time of a lightning strike or the occurrence of an abnormal condition in a load system such as disconnection, failure, or mixing of a surge, it is necessary to prevent a breakdown of the power amplifier.
To prevent the power amplifier from a breakdown caused by reflected power from an antenna or the like, the digital amplitude modulator monitors the SWR (Standing Wave Ratio), and controls output power. For example, there is conventionally proposed a method of setting output power to zero by disconnecting the switch of a transmission circuit when the SWR value exceeds a warning limit. There is also known a method of decreasing transmission power when the SWR value exceeds a given value.
Power which actually causes damage to a power amplifier is the sum of loss power occurring in the power amplifier and reflected power consumed by the power amplifier. Even if, therefore, the reflected power becomes equal to or higher than a given value and the SWR exceeds a set value, this does not always cause a breakdown of the power amplifier. Especially when the SWR value becomes large to increase the reflected power, the output power decreases. In this situation, if an operation of protecting the power amplifier is performed by decreasing the transmission power, the coverage area of a broadcasting service area becomes narrow, thereby degrading the signal quality of the AM wave.
In general, according to one embodiment, a digital amplitude modulator includes normal number of power amplifiers as at least some of a plurality of power amplifiers, a synthesizer, a power supply unit, a measurement unit, and a calculation unit, and a power controller. The power amplifiers are juxtaposed and ON/OFF-controllable according to a voltage amplitude level of a transmission signal to be modulated. The power amplifiers amplify a power of the transmission signal. The synthesizer synthesizes outputs of the respective power amplifiers to generate an amplitude modulation wave, and sends the generated amplitude modulation wave to a predetermined broadcasting service area. The power supply unit supplies a power supply voltage to the plurality of power amplifiers. The measurement unit measures output power and a reflection coefficient of the synthesizer. The calculation unit calculates, based on the output power and the reflection coefficient that is measured by the measurement unit, and information of input power supplied by the power supply unit, loss power occurring in each power amplifier in an ON state and reflected power consumed by each power amplifier in the ON state. The power controller controls all the power amplifiers to be in an OFF state when a sum of the loss power and the reflected power that is calculated by the calculation unit is higher than a first threshold which is an upper limit of a tolerance range, performs a normal operation of setting the normal number of power amplifiers in the ON state when the sum is lower than a second threshold which is a lower limit of the tolerance range, compare the output power with normal rated power defined by digital broadcasting when the sum of the loss power and the reflected power falls within a range from the second threshold (inclusive) to the first threshold (inclusive), and control an input voltage of the power supply unit or ON/OFF of the plurality of power amplifiers to perform a power increasing operation of increasing the output power obtained at the time of the normal operation or a power decreasing operation of decreasing the output power obtained at the time of the normal operation, based on the comparison result.
Embodiments will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to the first embodiment, at the time of a normal operation, a digital amplitude modulator is operated by controlling all power amplifiers in an ON state.
Carrier signals are input to a carrier signal input terminal 111 of a digital amplitude modulator 100 shown in
A synthesis unit 13 synthesizes the carrier signals in the ON state, and a filter unit 14 removes unnecessary harmonic components from the synthesized carrier signal. The thus obtained signal is sent from a transmission antenna (not shown) to a predetermined region via an output terminal 113 as a broadcasting wave which has undergone impedance matching by a matching unit 16 via a reflection coefficient measurement unit 15, and has been amplified and modulated. The transmission antenna is generally connected at the succeeding stage of the output terminal 113. However, a matching circuit, filter, or rejector may be inserted between the output terminal 113 and the transmission antenna. The order of the components from the synthesizer 13 to the matching unit 16 may be different from that shown in
A power supply unit 17 supplies a power supply voltage to each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n.
On the other hand, a current signal and voltage signal generated by the synthesis unit 13 are supplied to the reflection coefficient measurement unit 15 via the filter unit 14. The reflection coefficient measurement unit 15 includes a current pick-up circuit 151 and a voltage pick-up circuit 152, as shown in
The control unit 18, which chiefly composed of a Central Processing Unit (CPU), generates a control signal for ON/OFF-controlling the power amplifiers 121 to 12n according to the voltage amplitude of an audio signal input to an audio signal input terminal 112, or generates a control signal for controlling the phases of the carrier signals to ON/OFF-control the power amplifiers 121 to 12n, and includes a calculation unit 181 and a power control unit 182.
Based on traveling power+reflected power (a traveling voltage+a reflected voltage) measured by the reflection coefficient measurement unit 15, output power (an output voltage)+the reflection coefficient and a power supply voltage+a power supply current from the power supply unit 17, or information of input power, the calculation unit 181 calculates loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n in the ON state and reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n in the ON state.
Based on the sum of the loss power and reflected power calculated by the calculation unit 181, the power control unit 182 controls transmission power and ON/OFF-controls the power amplifiers 121 to 12n.
An operation in the above-described arrangement will be described next.
The control unit 18 calculates reflected power Pref and loss power Ploss (step ST3a). For example, as indicated by the reflection coefficient measurement unit 15 of
The reflected power Pfer=Γ2Pout/(1−Γ2) can be obtained based on the reflection coefficient ρ and the output power or output voltage.
On the other hand, based on a number N of power amplifiers 121 to 12n in the ON state, input power Pin calculated from the power supply current and power supply voltage from the power supply unit 17, and the traveling power Pfor=Pout/(1−Γ2), the loss power Ploss=f(N, Pin, Pfor) is obtained using a function f(x).
In the first embodiment, the tolerance range of the loss power amount of each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is determined not to narrow the broadcasting service area, degrade the signal quality of the AM wave, and cause a breakdown of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n. There are two methods of setting thresholds within the tolerance range. The first method is to protect each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n by reducing the processing load of the control unit 18. The second method is to reliably protect each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n.
(First Method)
The first method sets, within the tolerance range, the upper limit threshold of the loss power amount of each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n as the first threshold, and the lower limit threshold of the loss power amount as the second threshold.
Note that when the first threshold is exceeded, a breakdown may occur in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n. When the loss power amount of each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n becomes higher than the second threshold, the broadcasting service area may narrow and the signal quality of the AM wave may degrade.
The control unit 18 compares, with the first threshold, the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n (step ST3b). If the sum is higher than the first threshold (YES), the control unit 18 performs processing of stopping the output of the apparatus, that is, processing of turning off the active power amplifiers 121 to 12n (step ST3c), and the process transits to the processing in step ST3a.
If a loss occurs in all the power amplifiers 121 to 12n, the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is Ploss_n=(Pin−Pfor)/N, and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is Pref_n=Pref/N.
If the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is equal to or lower than the first threshold in step ST3b (NO), the control unit 18 determines whether the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is higher than the second threshold (step ST3d).
If the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is equal to or lower than the second threshold (NO), the control unit 18 ON-controls each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n to normally operate (step ST3e).
On the other hand, if the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is higher than the second threshold (YES), the control unit 18 compares the output power Pout with normal rated power Pspe defined by digital broadcasting system. If the output power Pout is higher than the normal rated power Pspe, the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power. If the output power Pout is equal to or lower than the normal rated power Pspe, the control unit 18 executes an operation of increasing the transmission power.
(Second Method)
Assume that within the tolerance range, the upper limit threshold of the loss power amount of each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is set as the first threshold, the lower limit threshold of the loss power amount is set as the second threshold, and the third threshold is set between the first threshold and the second threshold. Note that when the first threshold is exceeded, a breakdown may occur in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n. When the loss power amount of each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n becomes higher than the second threshold, the broadcasting service area may narrow, and the signal quality of the AM wave may degrade. Note also that the third threshold is set to be equal to the first threshold in the above-described first method. In the second method, the third threshold is set to a value which falls within the range from the second threshold (exclusive) to the first threshold (exclusive).
When the third threshold is set, the control unit 18 controls the input voltage of the power supply unit 17 or ON/OFF-controls each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n so as to execute an operation of decreasing the transmission power before the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n reaches the first threshold at which a breakdown occurs in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n. That is, a region where no operation of increasing the transmission power is executed is provided between the third threshold (a region where whether to decrease or increase the power is determined) and the first threshold to reliably protect each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n.
If it is determined in step ST3d that the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n is higher than the second threshold (YES), the control unit 18 performs magnitude determination processing by comparing the sum with the third threshold (step ST3f). If the sum is higher than the third threshold (YES), the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power (step ST3g).
A method of increasing/decreasing the transmission power is implemented by changing the power supply voltage of the power supply unit 17 or changing the number of power amplifiers 121 to 12n in the ON state.
On the other hand, if it is determined in step ST3f that the sum is equal to or lower than the third threshold (NO), the control unit 18 compares the output power Pout with the normal rated power Pspe defined by digital broadcasting system (step ST3h). If the output power Pout is higher than the normal rated power Pspe (YES), the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power (step ST3i). If the output power Pout is equal to or lower than the normal rated power Pspe (NO), the control unit 18 executes an operation of increasing the transmission power (step ST3j).
The control unit 18 can also control the transmission power using a load impedance Zload and matching impedance Zmn. The load impedance is equal to an antenna impedance (when no impedance conversion circuit exists at an output terminal and antenna terminal), and the matching impedance is an impedance obtained by considering the power amplifiers 121 to 12n to the transmission antenna. In a matching state, Zload=Zmn*. In a non-matching state, that is, when Zload≠Zmn, the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n become high. When Re(Zload)>Re(Zmn), a power increasing operation is performed. When Re(Zload)<Re(Zmn), a power decreasing operation is performed. Alternatively, whether to increase or decrease the power can be determined based on the value of ρ using a relationship “ρ=(Zmn−Zload)/(Zmn+Zload)”.
For example, consider a state in which the input power is 1.1 kW and the normal rated power 1.0 kW (when 25 PAs are in the ON state). Assume that the output power is 0.75 kW, a voltage pick-up unit 1 picks up the voltage v1, and a voltage pick-up unit 2 λ/4 away from the voltage v1 picks up the voltage v2. The reflection coefficient ρ=(v1−v2)/(v1+v2)=Γexp(jθ) is calculated using the two voltages. Assume that Γ=0.5 and θ=0 are obtained. In this case, an SWR is 3.0, and a reflected power of 0.25 kW and a traveling power of 1 kW can be calculated from the output power.
The loss power Ploss_n generated by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n and the reflected power Pref_n consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n are obtained. Assume that the loss power Ploss, that is, the difference between the input power Pin and the traveling power Pfor is equally lost in 25 power amplifiers 121 to 1225. In this case, the loss power Ploss_n occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 is 4 W. For the descriptive purpose, a loss which occurs in a transmission path or the like is assumed to be unlimitedly lower than that due to the parasitic resistance of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225.
On the other hand, assume that the reflected power Pref, that is, the difference between the traveling power Pfor and the output power Pout is equally lost in the 25 power amplifiers 121 to 1225. In this case, the reflected power Pref_n consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 is 10 W. For the descriptive purpose, a loss which occurs in a transformer generally used for a synthesis unit or the like, a power regenerated to the power supply, or the like is assumed to be unlimitedly lower than a power consumed by the parasitic resistance of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n, or not to be included in the reflected power.
The operation according to the flowchart is confirmed by setting the first threshold to 50 W, the second threshold to 10 W, and the third threshold to 25 W. Since the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 is 14 W, the sum is lower than the first threshold. Therefore, the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 is compared with the second threshold.
Since the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 is 14 W, the sum is higher than the second threshold. Therefore, the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 is compared with the third value.
Since the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 1225 is 14 W, the sum is lower than the third threshold. Therefore, the output power and the normal rated power are compared with each other.
Since the output power is 0.75 kW and the normal rated power is 1.0 kW, a power increasing operation is performed according to the flowchart. In this example, the power increasing operation is implemented by increasing the power supply voltage of the power supply unit 17. After that, the reflection coefficient is recalculated, thereby repeatedly executing transmission power control. As an execution frequency, it is assumed to repeat the control processing all the time. There is essentially no problem even if the control processing is executed only several times per day.
As described above, according to the first embodiment, the reflection coefficient measurement unit 15 measures the reflection coefficient and the output power of the synthesis unit 13, and the control unit 18 obtains the sum of the loss power and the reflected power based on the measurement result and information of the input power of the power supply unit 17, and respectively sets, as the first and second thresholds, the upper and lower limits of the tolerance range which does not narrow the broadcasting service area, degrade the signal quality of the AM wave, and cause a breakdown of each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n. If the sum of the loss power and the reflected power exceeds the second threshold as the lower limit of the tolerance range at the time of the normal operation, the control unit 18 determines whether to perform a power increasing operation or power decreasing operation by comparing the output power measured by the reflection coefficient measurement unit 15 with the normal rated power defined by digital broadcasting system.
In addition to the sum of the loss power and the reflected power within the tolerance range, in accordance with whether the output power measured by the reflection coefficient measurement unit 15 exceeds the normal rated power, an appropriate operation of protecting the power amplifiers 121 to 12n can be performed. This makes it possible to perform a stable operation of protecting the power amplifiers 121 to 12n while continuing transmission of the AM wave without narrowing the coverage of the broadcasting service area or degrading the signal quality of the AM wave. This is very effective especially for protection of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n at the time of a lightning strike, protection of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n when the SWR deteriorates, or measures against a wiring mistake, disconnection, or the like.
According to the aforementioned first embodiment, when the control unit 18 sets the third threshold between the first threshold and the second threshold within the tolerance range, a region where no operation of increasing the transmission power is executed is provided between the third threshold and the first threshold. Therefore, if the sum of the loss power and the reflected power is higher than the third threshold, a power decreasing operation is performed before the sum reaches the first threshold at which a breakdown occurs in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n, thereby reliably protecting the power amplifiers 121 to 12n while continuing transmission of the AM wave, and further reducing the probability that a breakdown occurs in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 12n.
Furthermore, according to the aforementioned first embodiment, if the sum of the loss power and the reflected power is equal to or lower than the third threshold, the control unit 18 controls the input voltage of the power supply unit 17 so as to perform a power decreasing operation when the output power measured by the reflection coefficient measurement unit 15 is higher than the normal rated power, and perform a power increasing operation only when the output power is equal to or lower than the normal rated power, thereby further improving the reliability when the power increasing operation is performed.
According to the second embodiment, at the time of a normal operation, a digital amplitude modulator is operated by controlling some of all power amplifiers in the ON state.
In this example, at the time of the normal operation, the digital amplitude modulator is operated by setting only power amplifiers 121 to 128 in the ON state. A power control unit 183 of a control unit 180N/OFF-controls only power amplifiers 121 to 12n without controlling the input voltage of a power supply unit 17 at the time of an operation of decreasing or increasing transmission power.
An operation in the above arrangement will be described next.
The control unit 18 calculates reflected power Pref and loss power Ploss of each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 in the ON state at the time of the normal operation.
The control unit 18 compares, with the first threshold, the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128. If the sum is higher than the first threshold, the control unit 18 performs processing of stopping the output of the apparatus, that is, processing of turning off the active power amplifiers 121 to 128.
On the other hand, if the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 is equal to or lower than the first threshold, the control unit 18 determines the magnitude relationship between the second threshold lower than the first threshold and the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128.
If the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 is lower than the second threshold, the control unit 18 maintains the ON state of each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128.
On the other hand, if the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 is higher than the second threshold, the control unit 18 performs magnitude determination processing by comparing the sum with the third threshold. If the sum is higher than the third threshold, the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power. This is implemented by controlling, for example, the power amplifiers 126 to 128 of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 in the ON state to be set in the OFF state.
On the other hand, if the sum is equal to or lower than the third threshold, the control unit 18 compares output power Pout with normal rated power Pspe. If the output power Pout is higher than the normal rated power Pspe, the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power. If the output power Pout is equal to or lower than the normal rated power Pspe, the control unit 18 executes an operation of increasing the transmission power. That is, the control unit 18 controls the power amplifiers 129 to 12n, which are in the OFF state at the time of the normal operation, to be set in the ON state.
As described above, even in the second embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same operation effects as those in the first embodiment. Especially, it is unnecessary to control the power supply unit 17, and thus an inexpensive power supply unit 17 can be used.
According to the third embodiment, the number of power amplifiers to be turned off at the time of a power decreasing operation and the number of power amplifiers to be turned on at the time of a power increasing operation are changed under predetermined conditions.
An ON/OFF table 1841 is provided in a power control unit 184 of a control unit 18. The ON/OFF table 1841 stores first data shown in (a) of
In this state, for example, when the time counted by a timer TM becomes 17:00, the power control unit 184 switches the ON/OFF table 1841 from the second data to the first data. When the time becomes 9:00, the power control unit 184 switches the ON/OFF table 1841 from the first data to the second data.
After 9:00, if the sum of loss power occurring in each of power amplifiers 121 to 128 and reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 is higher than the second threshold, the control unit 18 performs magnitude determination processing by comparing the sum with the third threshold. If the sum is higher than the third threshold, the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power. This is implemented by controlling, for example, the power amplifiers 121 to 125 of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 in the ON state to be set in the OFF state.
On the other hand, if the sum is equal to or lower than the third threshold, the control unit 18 compares output power Pout with normal rated power Pspe. If the output power Pout is higher than the normal rated power Pspe, the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power. If the output power Pout is equal to or lower than the normal rated power Pspe, the control unit 18 executes an operation of increasing the transmission power. That is, the control unit 18 controls power amplifiers 129 to 1211, which are in the OFF state at the time of the normal operation, to be set in the ON state.
Furthermore, after 17:00, if the sum of the loss power occurring in each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 and the reflected power consumed by each of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 is higher than the second threshold, the control unit 18 performs magnitude determination processing by comparing the sum with the third threshold. If the sum is higher than the third threshold, the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power. This is implemented by controlling, for example, the power amplifiers 124 to 128 of the power amplifiers 121 to 128 in the ON state to be set in the OFF state.
On the other hand, if the sum is equal to or lower than the third threshold, the control unit 18 compares the output power Pout with the normal rated power Pspe. If the output power Pout is higher than the normal rated power Pspe, the control unit 18 executes an operation of decreasing the transmission power. If the output power Pout is equal to or lower than the normal rated power Pspe, the control unit 18 executes an operation of increasing the transmission power. That is, the control unit 18 controls the power amplifiers 1211 to 12n, which are in the OFF state at the time of the normal operation, to be set in the ON state.
As described above, according to the third embodiment, it is possible to automatically change the power amplifiers which are turned off at the time of the operation of decreasing the transmission power and those which are turned on at the time of the operation of increasing the transmission power depending on the time. Note that as the switching conditions of the ON/OFF table 1841, for example, a use environment, a manual operation by an operator, and the like can be used in addition to date/time information.
Furthermore, the present invention is not directly limited to the above embodiments, but can be implemented, when practiced, by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the aforementioned embodiments. For example, some of all the constituent elements described in the embodiments may be omitted. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may appropriately be combined.
While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-056189 | Mar 2012 | JP | national |
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-056189, filed Mar. 13, 2012, International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2012/073680, filed Sep. 14, 2012, the entire contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | PCT/JP2012/073680 | Sep 2012 | US |
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