Patent Grant
9848158
Reference is made to commonly-assigned, co-pending U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0281127 entitled “Digital camera user interface for text entry”, by Boncha et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
This invention pertains to the field of digital cameras, and more particularly to a digital camera having a user interface which uses a small display screen.
Digital cameras typically include a graphic user interface (GUI) to enable various camera modes and features to be selected. In some digital cameras, a touch-screen color LCD display is used to display various control elements which can be selected by a user in order to modify the camera mode or select various camera features. For example, the KODAK SLICE Digital Camera can provide a video trimming feature which enables videos captured by the digital camera to be shortened. This is accomplished using the camera's 3.5 inch diagonal touch screen user interface to first select a trimming mode by touching an icon associated with the trimming feature, and then sliding a finger along a timeline to select a start frame, and to then select an end frame.
The KODAK SLICE Digital Camera's touch screen user interface can also be used to enter text, such as e-mail addresses and tags. This is accomplished by first selecting a text entry mode, which displays an entire keyboard of characters, and then touching the keyboard characters in order to enter a text string.
It is desirable for the digital camera to be very compact and low cost. This may limit the size of the LCD display that can be used in such digital cameras. Also, in some cases it is desirable to provide a camera capable of underwater operation. This may require that the user interface be provided using a small number of waterproof buttons or switches, rather than a touch screen, since the touch screen may not operate properly underwater.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,350 to Hekmatpour et al., entitled “Compositer interface for arranging the components of special effects for a motion picture production,” discloses a user interface for editing digital video sequences. The user interface provides various functions including a capability to trim a digital video sequence. The user interface requires the use of a pointing device such as a mouse, and would not be appropriate for use on a digital camera.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,600,481 to Brown et al., entitled “Data entry apparatus and method,” discloses a method for entering text strings on portable electronic devices such as pagers. A set of available characters are displayed in three rows. A controller having an up tab, a down tab, a left tab and a right tab are used to select a particular character for insertion into the text string. This method is not well-suited for use on devices having small displays because the entire row of characters must be presented on the display.
There remains a need to provide a user interface using a limited size image display, and a limited number of user controls, which can nevertheless provide for advanced functions, including video trimming and text entry.
The present invention represents a digital video camera for providing trimmed digital video sequences, comprising:
an image sensor for capturing a digital video sequence;
an optical system for forming an image of a scene onto the image sensor;
a data processing system;
a display;
user controls enabling a user to select between at least an up input, a down input, a left input, a right input, and a confirmation input;
a storage memory for storing digital video sequences, each digital video sequence comprising a sequence of frames; and
a program memory communicatively connected to the data processing system and storing instructions configured to cause the data processing system to implement a method for trimming a digital video sequence, wherein the method includes:
The present invention has the advantage that a video trimming operation can be performed on a digital video camera having a small display and a very limited number of user controls.
It has the additional advantage that the provided user interface is user friendly and intuitive despite the limited functionality of the user controls.
It has the further advantage that the user interface does not require the use of a touch-sensitive display, and can therefore be used with digital video cameras intended for underwater use.
It is to be understood that the attached drawings are for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the invention and may not be to scale.
In the following description, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in terms that would ordinarily be implemented as a software program. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the equivalent of such software can also be constructed in hardware. Because image manipulation algorithms and systems are well known, the present description will be directed in particular to algorithms and systems forming part of, or cooperating more directly with, the system and method in accordance with the present invention. Other aspects of such algorithms and systems, and hardware or software for producing and otherwise processing the image signals involved therewith, not specifically shown or described herein, can be selected from such systems, algorithms, components and elements known in the art. Given the system as described according to the invention in the following materials, software not specifically shown, suggested or described herein that is useful for implementation of the invention is conventional and within the ordinary skill in such arts.
Still further, as used herein, a computer program for performing the method of the present invention can be stored in a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, which can include, for example; magnetic storage media such as a magnetic disk (such as a hard drive or a floppy disk) or magnetic tape; optical storage media such as an optical disc, optical tape, or machine readable bar code; solid state electronic storage devices such as random access memory (RAM), or read only memory (ROM); or any other physical device or medium employed to store a computer program having instructions for controlling one or more computers to practice the method according to the present invention.
Because digital cameras employing imaging devices and related circuitry for signal capture and processing, and display are well known, the present description will be directed in particular to elements forming part of, or cooperating more directly with, the method and apparatus in accordance with the present invention. Elements not specifically shown or described herein are selected from those known in the art. Certain aspects of the embodiments to be described are provided in software. Given the system as shown and described according to the invention in the following materials, software not specifically shown, described or suggested herein that is useful for implementation of the invention is conventional and within the ordinary skill in such arts.
The invention is inclusive of combinations of the embodiments described herein. References to “a particular embodiment” and the like refer to features that are present in at least one embodiment of the invention. Separate references to “an embodiment” or “particular embodiments” or the like do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or embodiments; however, such embodiments are not mutually exclusive, unless so indicated or as are readily apparent to one of skill in the art. The use of singular or plural in referring to the “method” or “methods” and the like is not limiting. It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly noted or required by context, the word “or” is used in this disclosure in a non-exclusive sense.
The following description of a digital camera will be familiar to one skilled in the art. It will be obvious that there are many variations of this embodiment that are possible and are selected to reduce the cost, add features or improve the performance of the camera.
In some embodiments, the digital camera 10 captures both motion video images and still images. The digital camera 10 can also include other functions, including, but not limited to, the functions of a digital music player (e.g. an MP3 player), a mobile telephone, a GPS receiver, or a programmable digital assistant (PDA).
The digital camera 10 includes a lens 4 having an adjustable aperture and adjustable shutter 6. In a preferred embodiment, the lens 4 is a zoom lens and is controlled by zoom and focus motor drives 8. The lens 4 focuses light from a scene (not shown) onto an image sensor 14, for example, a single-chip color CCD or CMOS image sensor. The lens 4 is one type optical system for forming an image of the scene on the image sensor 14. In other embodiments, the optical system may use a fixed focal length lens with either variable or fixed focus.
The output of the image sensor 14 is converted to digital form by Analog Signal Processor (ASP) and Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter 16, and temporarily stored in buffer memory 18. The image data stored in buffer memory 18 is subsequently manipulated by a processor 20, using embedded software programs (e.g. firmware) stored in firmware memory 28. In some embodiments, the software program is permanently stored in firmware memory 28 using a read only memory (ROM). In other embodiments, the firmware memory 28 can be modified by using, for example, Flash EPROM memory. In such embodiments, an external device can update the software programs stored in firmware memory 28 using the wired interface 38 or the wireless modem 50. In such embodiments, the firmware memory 28 can also be used to store image sensor calibration data, user setting selections and other data which must be preserved when the camera is turned off. In some embodiments, the processor 20 includes a program memory (not shown), and the software programs stored in the firmware memory 28 are copied into the program memory before being executed by the processor 20.
It will be understood that the functions of processor 20 can be provided using a single programmable processor or by using multiple programmable processors, including one or more digital signal processor (DSP) devices. Alternatively, the processor 20 can be provided by custom circuitry (e.g., by one or more custom integrated circuits (ICs) designed specifically for use in digital cameras), or by a combination of programmable processor(s) and custom circuits. It will be understood that connectors between the processor 20 from some or all of the various components shown in
The processed images are then stored using the image memory 30. It is understood that the image memory 30 can be any form of memory known to those skilled in the art including, but not limited to, a removable Flash memory card, internal Flash memory chips, magnetic memory, or optical memory. In some embodiments, the image memory 30 can include both internal Flash memory chips and a standard interface to a removable Flash memory card, such as a Secure Digital (SD) card. Alternatively, a different memory card format can be used, such as a micro SD card, Compact Flash (CF) card, MultiMedia Card (MMC), xD card or Memory Stick.
The image sensor 14 is controlled by a timing generator 12, which produces various clocking signals to select rows and pixels and synchronizes the operation of the ASP and A/D converter 16. The image sensor 14 can have, for example, 12.4 megapixels (4088×3040 pixels) in order to provide a still image file of approximately 4000×3000 pixels. To provide a color image, the image sensor is generally overlaid with a color filter array, which provides an image sensor having an array of pixels that include different colored pixels. The different color pixels can be arranged in many different patterns. As one example, the different color pixels can be arranged using the well-known Bayer color filter array, as described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,065, “Color imaging array” to Bayer, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As a second example, the different color pixels can be arranged as described in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication 2007/0024931 to Compton and Hamilton, entitled “Image sensor with improved light sensitivity”, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. These examples are not limiting, and many other color patterns may be used.
It will be understood that the image sensor 14, timing generator 12, and ASP and A/D converter 16 can be separately fabricated integrated circuits, or they can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit as is commonly done with CMOS image sensors. In some embodiments, this single integrated circuit can perform some of the other functions shown in
The image sensor 14 is effective when actuated in a first mode by timing generator 12 for providing a motion sequence of lower resolution sensor image data, which is used when capturing video images and also when previewing a still image to be captured, in order to compose the image. This preview mode sensor image data can be provided as HD resolution image data, for example, with 1280×720 pixels, or as VGA resolution image data, for example, with 640×480 pixels, or using other resolutions which have significantly columns and rows of data, compared to the resolution of the image sensor.
The preview mode sensor image data can be provided by combining values of adjacent pixels having the same color, or by eliminating some of the pixels values, or by combining some color pixels values while eliminating other color pixel values. The preview mode image data can be processed as described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,292,218 to Parulski, et al., entitled “Electronic camera for initiating capture of still images while previewing motion images”, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The image sensor 14 is also effective when actuated in a second mode by timing generator 12 for providing high resolution still image data. This final mode sensor image data is provided as high resolution output image data, which for scenes having a high illumination level includes all of the pixels of the image sensor, and can be, for example, a 12 megapixel final image data having 4000×3000 pixels. At lower illumination levels, the final sensor image data can be provided by “binning” some number of like-colored pixels on the image sensor, in order to increase the signal level and thus the “ISO speed” of the sensor.
The zoom and focus motor drivers 8 are controlled by control signals supplied by the processor 20, to provide the appropriate focal length setting and to focus the scene onto the image sensor 14. The exposure level of the image sensor 14 is controlled by controlling the f/number and exposure time of the adjustable aperture and adjustable shutter 6, the exposure period of the image sensor 14 via the timing generator 12, and the gain (i.e., ISO speed) setting of the ASP and A/D converter 16. The processor 20 also controls a flash 2 which can illuminate the scene. In some embodiments of the present invention, the flash 2 has an adjustable correlated color temperature. For example, the flash disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2008/0297027 to Miller et al., entitled “Lamp with adjustable color”, can be used to produce illumination having different color balances for different environmental conditions, such as having a higher proportion of red light when the digital camera 10 is operated underwater.
The lens 4 of the digital camera 10 can be focused in the first mode by using “through-the-lens” autofocus, as described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,668,597, entitled “Electronic Camera with Rapid Automatic Focus of an Image upon a Progressive Scan Image Sensor” to Parulski et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. This is accomplished by using the zoom and focus motor drivers 8 to adjust the focus position of the lens 4 to a number of positions ranging between a near focus position to an infinity focus position, while the processor 20 determines the closest focus position which provides a peak sharpness value for a central portion of the image captured by the image sensor 14. The focus distance can be stored as metadata in the image file, along with other lens and camera settings.
The processor 20 produces menus and low resolution color images that are temporarily stored in display memory 36 and are displayed on the image display 32. The image display 32 is typically an active matrix color liquid crystal display (LCD), although other types of displays, such as organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, can be used. A video interface 44 provides a video output signal from the digital camera 10 to a video display 46, such as a flat panel HDTV display. In preview mode, or video mode, the digital image data from buffer memory 18 is manipulated by processor 20 to form a series of motion preview images that are displayed, typically as color images, on the image display 32. In review mode, the images displayed on the image display 32 are produced using the image data from the digital image files stored in image memory 30.
The graphical user interface displayed on the image display 32 includes various user control elements which can be selected by user controls 34. The user controls 34 are used to select various camera modes, such as video capture mode, still capture mode, and review mode, and to initiate capture of still images and recording of motion images. In some embodiments, the first mode described above (i.e. still preview mode) is initiated when the user partially depresses an image capture button, which is one of the user controls 34, and the second mode (i.e., still image capture mode) is initiated when the user fully depresses the image capture button. The user controls 34 are also used to turn on the camera, control the lens 4, and initiate the picture taking process. User controls 34 typically include some combination of buttons, rocker switches, joysticks, or rotary dials. In some embodiments, some of the user controls 34 are provided by using a touch screen overlay on the image display 32 having one or more touch-sensitive user control elements.
An audio codec 22 connected to the processor 20 receives an audio signal from a microphone 24 and provides an audio signal to a speaker 26. These components can be to record and playback an audio track, along with a video sequence or still image. If the digital camera 10 is a multi-function device such as a combination camera and mobile phone, the microphone 24 and the speaker 26 can be used for telephone conversation. In some embodiments, microphone 24 is capable of recording sounds in air and also in an underwater environment when the digital camera 10 is used to record underwater images according to the method of the present invention. In other embodiments, the digital camera 10 includes both a conventional air microphone as well as an underwater microphone (hydrophone) capable of recording underwater sounds.
In some embodiments, the speaker 26 can be used as part of the user interface, for example to provide various audible signals which indicate that a user control has been depressed, or that a particular mode has been selected. In some embodiments, the microphone 24, the audio codec 22, and the processor 20 can be used to provide voice recognition, so that the user can provide a user input to the processor 20 by using voice commands, rather than user controls 34. The speaker 26 can also be used to inform the user of an incoming phone call. This can be done using a standard ring tone stored in firmware memory 28, or by using a custom ring-tone downloaded from a wireless network 58 and stored in the image memory 30. In addition, a vibration device (not shown) can be used to provide a silent (e.g., non audible) notification of an incoming phone call.
The processor 20 also provides additional processing of the image data from the image sensor 14, in order to produce rendered sRGB image data which is compressed and stored within a “finished” image file, such as a well-known Exif-JPEG image file, in the image memory 30.
The digital camera 10 can be connected via the wired interface 38 to an interface/recharger 48, which is connected to a computer 40, which can be a desktop computer or portable computer located in a home or office. The wired interface 38 can conform to, for example, the well-known USB 2.0 interface specification. The interface/recharger 48 can provide power via the wired interface 38 to a set of rechargeable batteries (not shown) in the digital camera 10.
The digital camera 10 can include a wireless modem 50, which interfaces over a radio frequency band 52 with the wireless network 58. The wireless modem 50 can use various wireless interface protocols, such as the well-known Bluetooth wireless interface or the well-known 802.11 wireless interface. The computer 40 can upload images via the Internet 70 to a photo service provider 72, such as the Kodak EasyShare Gallery. Other devices (not shown) can access the images stored by the photo service provider 72.
In alternative embodiments, the wireless modem 50 communicates over a radio frequency (e.g. wireless) link with a mobile phone network (not shown), such as a 3GSM network, which connects with the Internet 70 in order to upload digital image files from the digital camera 10. These digital image files can be provided to the computer 40 or the photo service provider 72.
In some embodiments, the digital camera 10 is a water proof digital camera capable of being used to capture digital images underwater and under other challenging environmental conditions, such as in rain or snow conditions. For example, the digital camera 10 can be used by scuba divers exploring a coral reef or by children playing at a beach. To prevent damage to the various camera components, the digital camera 10 includes a watertight housing (not shown).
The color sensor data 100 which has been digitally converted by the ASP and A/D converter 16 is manipulated by a white balance step 95. In some embodiments, this processing can be performed using the methods described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,542,077 to Miki, entitled “White balance adjustment device and color identification device”, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. The white balance can be adjusted in response to a white balance setting 90, which can be manually set by a user, or can be automatically set to different values when the camera is used in different environmental conditions, as will be described later in reference to
The color image data is then manipulated by a noise reduction step 105 in order to reduce noise from the image sensor 14. In some embodiments, this processing can be performed using the methods described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,934,056 to Gindele et al., entitled “Noise cleaning and interpolating sparsely populated color digital image using a variable noise cleaning kernel”, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. The level of noise reduction can be adjusted in response to an ISO setting 110, so that more filtering is performed at higher ISO exposure index setting.
The color image data is then manipulated by a demosaicing step 115, in order to provide red, green and blue (RGB) image data values at each pixel location. Algorithms for performing the demosaicing step 115 are commonly known as color filter array (CFA) interpolation algorithms or “deBayering” algorithms. In one embodiment of the present invention, the demosaicing step 115 can use the luminance CFA interpolation method described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,652,621, entitled “Adaptive color plane interpolation in single sensor color electronic camera”, to Adams et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The demosaicing step 115 can also use the chrominance CFA interpolation method described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,642,678, entitled “Signal processing method and apparatus for producing interpolated chrominance values in a sampled color image signal”, to Cok, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
In some embodiments, the user can select between different pixel resolution modes, so that the digital camera can produce a smaller size image file. Multiple pixel resolutions can be provided as described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,493,335, entitled “Single sensor color camera with user selectable image record size”, to Parulski et al., the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. In some embodiments, a resolution mode setting 120 can be selected by the user to be full size (e.g. 3,000×2,000 pixels), medium size (e.g. 1,500×1000 pixels) or small size (750×500 pixels).
The color image data is color corrected in color correction step 125. In some embodiments, the color correction is provided using a 3×3 linear space color correction matrix, as described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,189,511, entitled “Method and apparatus for improving the color rendition of hardcopy images from electronic cameras” to Parulski, et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, different user-selectable color modes can be provided by storing different color matrix coefficients in firmware memory 28 of the digital camera 10. For example, four different color modes can be provided, so that the color mode setting 130 is used to select one of the following color correction matrices:
Setting 1 (Normal Color Reproduction)
Setting 2 (Saturated Color Reproduction)
Setting 3 (De-Saturated Color Reproduction)
Setting 4 (Monochrome)
Setting 5 (Nominal Underwater Color Reproduction)
The color image data is also manipulated by a tone scale correction step 135. In some embodiments, the tone scale correction step 135 can be performed using a one-dimensional look-up table as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,189,511, cited earlier. In some embodiments, a plurality of tone scale correction look-up tables is stored in the firmware memory 28 in the digital camera 10. These can include look-up tables which provide a “normal” tone scale correction curve, a “high contrast” tone scale correction curve, and a “low contrast” tone scale correction curve. A user selected contrast setting 140 is used by the processor 20 to determine which of the tone scale correction look-up tables to use when performing the tone scale correction step 135.
The color image data is also manipulated by an image sharpening step 145. In some embodiments, this can be provided using the methods described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,192,162 entitled “Edge enhancing colored digital images” to Hamilton, et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the user can select between various sharpening settings, including a “normal sharpness” setting, a “high sharpness” setting, and a “low sharpness” setting. In this example, the processor 20 uses one of three different edge boost multiplier values, for example 2.0 for “high sharpness”, 1.0 for “normal sharpness”, and 0.5 for “low sharpness” levels, responsive to a sharpening setting 150 selected by the user of the digital camera 10. In some embodiments, different image sharpening algorithms can be manually or automatically selected, depending on the environmental condition.
The color image data is also manipulated by an image compression step 155. In some embodiments, the image compression step 155 can be provided using the methods described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,774,574, entitled “Adaptive block transform image coding method and apparatus” to Daly et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the user can select between various compression settings. This can be implemented by storing a plurality of quantization tables, for example, three different tables, in the firmware memory 28 of the digital camera 10. These tables provide different quality levels and average file sizes for the compressed digital image file 180 to be stored in the image memory 30 of the digital camera 10. A user selected compression mode setting 160 is used by the processor 20 to select the particular quantization table to be used for the image compression step 155 for a particular image.
The compressed color image data is stored in a digital image file 180 using a file formatting step 165. The image file can include various metadata 170. Metadata 170 is any type of information that relates to the digital image, such as the model of the camera that captured the image, the size of the image, the date and time the image was captured, and various camera settings, such as the lens focal length, the exposure time and F/# of the lens, and whether or not the camera flash fired. In some embodiments, the metadata 170 can also include one or more environmental readings 190 provided by appropriate environmental sensors associated with the digital camera 10. For example, an underwater sensor (not shown) can be used to provide an environmental reading indicating whether the digital camera 10 is being operated underwater. Similarly, a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor (not shown) can be used to provide an environmental reading indicating a geographical location, or an inertial motion sensor such as a gyroscope or an accelerometer can be used to provide an environmental reading indicating a camera motion or orientation. In a preferred embodiment, all of this metadata 170 is stored using standardized tags within the well-known Exif-JPEG still image file format.
In accordance with the present invention, there are provided methods to perform a number of user interface tasks on a device having a small image display 32 using a minimal set of user controls. While there have been many different user interfaces for digital cameras and other portable electronic devices that have been disclosed in the prior art, they are typically designed to work with devices that have large image displays 32 and a large number of different buttons or touch activated controls. However, such components add significant cost to the device. Therefore, to produce low-cost devices, there is a desire to minimize the size of the display and the number of user controls. However, this has presented significant challenges relative to designing user interfaces that allow users to perform some common tasks in an intuitive and efficient fashion. The present invention is directed to solutions to this problem for several important tasks. Specifically, user interface methods are described for performing video trimming operations and text string entry operations. These methods are particularly well-suited for image displays 32 that are not touch-sensitive and have a diagonal dimension of less than 2 inches, although they can also be employed for touch sensitive displays and larger displays.
In the embodiment of
In other embodiments, the five inputs (i.e., the up input, the down input, the left input, the right input, and the confirmation input) can be provided by other types of user controls 34 that are well-known in the art. For example,
A method for providing a user interface on a digital camera 10 for trimming a captured digital video sequence will now be described with reference to
A select captured video step 400 is used to select a previously captured digital video sequence 405. The select captured video step 400 can be performed using any convenient user controls known in the art. In some embodiments, the user can perform this step by entering a review mode using the review button 340 (
Once a particular digital video sequence 405 has been selected, the user can perform various actions. For example, the selected digital video sequence 405 can be played, or it can be edited. One type of video editing operation that can be performed in accordance with the present invention is a video trimming operation, in which the user can trim one or both ends of the selected digital video sequence 405 to provide a shorter trimmed digital video sequence 440 containing only a portion of the selected digital video sequence. For example, the user may desire to trim the selected digital video sequence 405 to include only the most interesting portion. The video trimming operation involves selecting a start frame and an end frame, designating the portion of the selected digital video sequence 405 to be included in the trimmed digital video sequence 440.
An initiate trimming operation step 410 is used to initiate the video trimming operation. The initiate trimming operation step 410 can be performed using any convenient user controls known in the art. For example, once the particular digital video sequence 405 has been selected with the select captured video step 400, the first frame of the selected digital video sequence 405 can be displayed on the image display 32 (
Next, an optional display instructions step 415 is used to display an instructions screen on the image display 32 (
Returning to a discussion of
An accept user input step 425 (
In a preferred embodiment, if the right input button 320 is held down, the start frame marker 540 advances across the timeline 535 and the displayed video frame 530 advances through the selected digital video sequence 405 at a predefined fast forward rate. In some embodiments, the predefined fast forward rate is increased if the right input button 320 is held for an extended period of time. In a preferred embodiment, if the right input button 320 is pressed and released without holding it, then the start frame marker 540 advances by a predefined number of video frames corresponding to a predefined small time interval. Similarly, the left input button 315 can be used to move the start frame marker 540 to the left, thereby moving through the selected digital video sequence in a reverse direction.
If the user now presses the up input button 305 (or the down input button 310), the mode is changed from the start frame selection mode to an end frame selection mode. This is illustrated in the user interface screen 565 of
In the end frame selection mode, the right input button 320 (
The up input button 305 (or the down input button 310) can be used to toggle back and forth between the start frame selection mode and the end frame selection mode. In this way, the user can fine tune the position of the start frame marker 540 and the end frame marker 545 until he/she is satisfied with the designated trimmed digital video sequence 440 (
In a preferred embodiment, pressing the confirmation input button 325 terminates the accept user input step 425 (
In some embodiments, if the user presses the confirmation input button 325 before they have entered the end frame selection mode using the up input button 305 or the down input button 310, then rather than advancing immediately to a confirm trimming selection step 430, the video trimming operation makes the assumption that the user will first want to enter the end frame selection mode. In this case, a second activation of the confirmation input button 325 will advance the video trimming operation to the confirm trimming selection step 430.
In a preferred embodiment, terminating the accept user input step 425 causes the video trimming process to advance to an optional confirm trimming selection step 430. In other embodiments, this step can be omitted and the video trimming process can advance directly to a provide trimmed video step 435.
The menu choices 585 include a “Go Back” choice which can be used to return to the start/end frame selection process. A “Preview Trimmed Video” choice can be used to preview the trimmed digital video sequence 440 as specified by the selected start frame and end frame. An “Exit” choice exits the video trimming operation without saving the trimmed digital video sequence 440. A “Save as New” choice causes the video trimming operation to advance to a provide trimmed video step 435 (
In a preferred embodiment, the trimmed digital video sequence 440 is stored as a separate digital video file, retaining both the original digital video sequence 405 and the trimmed digital video sequence 440. In other embodiments, the original digital video sequence 405 can be replaced by the trimmed digital video sequence 440, or two different options can be provided allowing the user to choose either save method (e.g., by providing both a “Save as New” choice and a “Save” choice).
In some embodiments, the digital video sequence 405 is stored in a compressed digital video file. Typically, some of the frames in a compressed digital video files are “I-frames,” which are encoded using intra-frame compression that is independent of any other frames, and other frames are “P-frames” or “B-frames” that are encoded using predictions based on other nearby frames. Therefore, I-frames can be decoded without the need to decode any other frames. In some embodiments, the video trimming operation can be constrained so that the trimmed digital video sequence 440 always begins on an I-frame within the digital video sequence 405. This is advantageous relative to the processing required for the provide trimmed video step 435 and the store trimmed video sequence step 445.
In some embodiments, rather than storing the trimmed digital video sequence 440 in a digital video file, the store trimmed video sequence step 445 can store metadata associated with the original digital video sequence 405 indicating the start frame and the end frame specified for the trimmed digital video sequence 440. Then, when the digital video sequence 405 is played using a video player that knows how to interpret the metadata, it can play the trimmed digital video sequence 440 rather than the entire digital video sequence 405. In some embodiments, the metadata is stored within the digital file containing the digital video sequence 405. In other embodiments, the metadata can be stored in a separate digital file.
In some embodiments, an option can be provided to select an optional trimming mode where the trimmed digital video sequence 440 is formed by deleting the frames between the selected start frame and the selected end frame from the digital video sequence 405, rather than keeping these frames. For example, a user interface control can be provided to toggle between a “keep frames trimming mode” and a “delete frames trimming mode.”
There are a variety of different needs for providing user-specified input strings for a portable electronic device. For example, the digital camera 10 of
An initiate string input operation step 605 is executed when the user initiates an operation that requires the user to specify an input text string. For example, the user may initiate a sharing operation to an E-mail address.
Next, a display string input interface step 610 is used to display a user interface for receiving string input on the image display 32 (
The user interface screen also includes two independently scrollable character selection sections: an alphabetic character selection section 715 and a numeric/symbolic character selection section 720. Each character selection section enables the user to select from a corresponding predefined set of characters. The alphabetic character selection section 715 enables the user to select from the alphabetic characters from “a” to “z”. The numeric/symbolic character selection section 720 enables the user to select from numeric characters between “0” and “9”, as well as a selection of common symbolic characters (e.g., “@ & / * . , $ ! - { } % + ?”). Due to the small size of the image display 32 (
The user interface screen 700 also includes a control section including selectable controls for terminating the string input operation. The selectable controls include a cancel control 725 and an OK control 730. A selected character section box 735 provides an indication of the currently selected character selection section. Arrow symbols at the left and right ends of the selected character section box 735 provide an indication that the character selection section is scrollable. A selected character 740 is highlighted to indicate the character that can currently be selected for addition to the input string displayed in the string input section 705.
It will be obvious to one skilled in the art that many variations of the user interface screen 700 can be used in accordance with the present invention. The various elements of the user interface screen can be rearranged in position. Furthermore, certain elements can be removed, or additional elements can be added. In some embodiments, there can be more than two independently scrollable character selection sections. For example, there can be both an upper-case alphabetic character selection section and a lower-case alphabetic character selection section. Alternatively, there can be a first alphabetic character selection section having the alphabetic characters from “a” to “m”, and a second alphabetic character selection section having the alphabetic characters from “n” to “z”. There can also be other variations to the user interface screen 700. For example, there can be a “shift control” in the control section that allows the user to toggle between upper-case characters and lower-case characters.
Returning to a discussion of
In a preferred embodiment, as the user presses the left input button 315 and the right input button 320 to scroll through the set of characters in the selected scrollable character selection section, the set of characters will shift to the left or right accordingly so that the selected character 740 remains in the center of the character selection section. In other embodiments, the selected character 740 moves to the left or right within the character selection section upon activation of the left input button 315 or the right input button 320 until it reaches the side of the character selection section. At that point, the set of characters will shift to the left or the right upon further activation of the left input button 315 or the right input button 320.
Consider the example shown in
Since the next character to be added to the input string is a symbolic character (“@”), the user would press the down input button 310 to select the numeric/symbolic character selection section 720, and would press the right input button 320 until the “@” symbol is positioned to be the selected character 740. The user would then press the confirmation input button 325 to add the “@” symbol to the input string.
In a similar manner, the user would manipulate the up input button 305, the down input button 310, the left input button 315, the right input button 320 and the confirmation input button 325 to add the characters “email.com” to the input string.
The various user controls 34 (
Returning to a discussion of
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
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