Patent Application
20240082223
The present invention relates to novel compounds inhibiting Rho Kinase (hereinafter ROCK Inhibitors); methods of preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and therapeutic use thereof.
The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of the activity or function of the ROCK-I and/or ROCK-II isoforms of the Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK).
Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) belongs to the AGC (PKA/PKG/PKC) family of serine-threonine kinases. Two human isoforms of ROCK have been described, ROCK-I (also referred to as p160 ROCK or ROKβ or ROCK1) and ROCK-II (ROKα or ROCK2) are approximately 160 kDa proteins containing an N-terminal Ser/Thr kinase domain, followed by a coiled-coil structure, a pleckstrin homology domain, and a cysteine-rich region at the C-terminus (Riento, K.; Ridley, A. J. Rocks: multifunctional kinases in cell behaviour. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2003, 4, 446-456).
Both ROCK-II and ROCK-I are expressed in many human and rodent tissues including the heart, pancreas, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and brain (above Riento and Ridley, 2003). In patients with pulmonary hypertension, ROCK activity is significantly higher in both lung tissues and circulating neutrophils as compared with control s (Duong-Quy S, Bei Y, Liu Z, Dinh-Xuan AT. Role of Rho-kinase and its inhibitors in pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther. 2013; 137(3):352-64). A significant correlation was established between neutrophil ROCK activity and the severity and duration of pulmonary hypertension (Duong-Quy et al., 2013).
There is now substantial evidence that ROCK is involved in many of the pathways that contribute to the pathologies associated with several acute and chronic pulmonary diseases, including asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis and ARDS/ALI. Given the biological effect of ROCK, selective inhibitors have the potential to treat a number of pathological mechanisms in respiratory diseases, such as smooth muscle hyper-reactivity, bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and airway remodeling, neuromodulation and exacerbations due to respiratory tract viral infection (Fernandes L B, Henry P J, Goldie R G. Rho kinase as a therapeutic target in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2007 October; 1(1):25-33). Indeed the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 causes bronchodilatation and reduces pulmonary eosinophilia trafficking and airways hyperresponsiveness (Gosens, R.; Schaafsma, D.; Nelemans, S. A.; Halayko, A. J. Rhokinase as a drug target for the treatment of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. 2006, 6, 339-348). Pulmonary ROCK activation has been demonstrated in humans with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and in animal models of this disease. ROCK inhibitors can prevent fibrosis in these models and, more importantly, induce the regression of already established fibrosis, thus indicating ROCK inhibitors as potential powerful pharmacological agents to halt progression of pulmonary fibrosis (Jiang, C.; Huang, H.; Liu, J.; Wang, Y.; Lu, Z.; Xu, Z. Fasudil, a rho-kinase inhibitor, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 8293-8307).
Various compounds have been described in the literature as Rho Kinase Inhibitors. See e.g. WO2004/039796 disclosing phenylaminopyrimidine compounds derivatives; WO2006/009889 disclosing indazole compound derivatives; WO2010/032875 disclosing nicotinamide compounds derivatives; WO2009/079008 disclosing pyrazole derivatives; WO2014/118133 disclosing pyrimidine derivatives and, of the same Applicant of the present invention, WO2018/115383 disclosing bicyclic dihydropyrimidine and WO 2018/138293, WO 2019/048479, WO 2019/121223, WO 2019/121233, WO 2019/121406, WO 2019/238628, WO 2020/016129 disclosing tyrosine-amide compounds derivatives and analogues.
The compounds disclosed exhibit substantial structural differences from the compounds of the present invention.
There remains a potential for developing novel and pharmacologically improved ROCK inhibitors in many therapeutic areas.
In view of the number of pathological responses which are mediated by ROCK enzymes, there is a continuing need for inhibitors of such enzymes which can be useful in the treatment of many disorders. The present invention relates to novel compounds differing from the structures disclosed in the art at least for a common new core scaffold. In fact the invention relates to compounds that are characterized by 2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridine moiety, particularly 2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4-amine, particularly preferably N-(3-(((2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyri din-4-yl)amino)methyl)phenyl)formami de and 3-(((2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)methyl)benzamide derivatives, which are inhibitors of ROCK-I and ROCK-II, which are inhibitors of ROCK-I and ROCK-II isoforms of the Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) that have therapeutically desirable characteristics, particularly promising for some pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and specifically pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH The compounds of the invention may be prepared for administration by any route consistent with their pharmacokinetic properties. The compound of the invention are active as inhibitors of ROCK-I and ROCK-II isoforms, they are potent and have advantageously other improved properties such as selectivity and other in-vitro properties indicative for a preferred route of administartion.
The present invention is directed to a class of compounds, acting as inhibitors of the Rho Kinase (ROCK), of formula (I)
Wherein the variables X1, X2, X3 and X4, p, R, R1, L, n, R2 and R3, R4 and R5, R6 and R7 are as defined in the detailed description of the invention; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
In one aspect, the present invention refers to a compound of formula (I) for use as a medicament. In one aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of any disease associated with ROCK enzyme mechanisms, that is to say characterized by ROCK enzyme aberrant activity and/or wherein an inhibition of activity is desirable and in particular through the selective inhibition of the ROCK enzyme isoforms over other Kinases.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for prevention and/or treatment of any disease associated with ROCK enzyme mechanisms as above defined, said method comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention.
In a Particular aspect the compounds of the invention are used alone or combined with other active ingredients and may be administered for the prevention and/or treatment of a pulmonary disease including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and specifically pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
Definitions
The term “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to derivatives of compounds of formula (I) wherein the parent compound is suitably modified by converting any of the free acid or basic group, if present, into the corresponding addition salt with any base or acid conventionally intended as being pharmaceutically acceptable.
Suitable examples of said salts may thus include mineral or organic acid addition salts of basic residues such as amino groups, as well as mineral or organic basic addition salts of acid residues such as carboxylic groups.
Cations of inorganic bases which can be suitably used to prepare salts of the invention comprise ions of alkali or alkaline earth metals such as potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium. Those obtained by reacting the main compound, functioning as a base, with an inorganic or organic acid to form a salt comprise, for example, salts of hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, methane sulfonic, camphor sulfonic, acetic, oxalic, maleic, fumaric, succinic and citric acids.
Many organic compounds can form complexes with solvents in which they are reacted or from which they are precipitated or crystallized. These complexes are known as “solvates” which are a further object of the invention. Polymorphs and crystalline forms of compounds of formula (I), or of pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or solvates thereof are a further object of the invention.
The term “Halogen” or “halogen atoms” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atom; meaning Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo, Iodo as substituent.
The term “(C1-C6)Alkyl” refers to straight-chained or branched alkyl groups wherein the number of carbon atoms is in the range 1 to 6. Particular alkyl groups are for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, and the like.
The expressions “(C1-C6)Haloalkyl” refer to the above defined “(C1-C6)alkyl” groups wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more halogen atoms, which can be the same or different from each other. Examples include halogenated, poly-halogenated and fully halogenated alkyl groups wherein all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms, e.g. trifluoromethyl or difluoro methyl groups.
By way of analogy, the terms “(C1-C6)Hydroxyalkyl” and “(C1-C6)aminoalkyl” refer to the above defined “(C1-C6)alkyl” groups wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more hydroxy (OH) or amino group respectively, examples being hydroxymethyl and aminomethyl and the like.
The definition of aminoalkyl encompasses alkyl groups (i.e. “(C1-C6)alkyl” groups) substituted by one or more amino group (—NR8R9). An example of aminoalkyl is a mono-aminoalkyl group such as R8R9N—(C1-C6)alkyl. The substituent R8 and R9 they are defined as R4 and R5 in the detailed description of the invention herebelow.
The term “(C3-C10)cycloalkyl” likewise “(C3-C8)cycloalkyl” or “(C3-C6)cycloalkyl” refers to saturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups containing the indicated number of ring carbon atoms. Examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, and polycyclic ring systems such as adamantan-yl.
The expression “Aryl” refers to mono, bi- or tri-cyclic carbon ring systems which have 6 to 20, preferably from 6 to 15 ring atoms, wherein at least one ring is aromatic. The expression “heteroaryl” refers to mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic ring systems with 5 to 20, preferably from 5 to 15 ring atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic and in which at least one ring atom is a heteroatom (e.g. N, S or O).
Examples of aryl or heteroaryl monocyclic ring systems include, for instance, phenyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl radicals and the like.
Examples of aryl or heteroaryl bicyclic ring systems include naphthalenyl, biphenylenyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoimidazole-yl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzothiopheneyl, benzodioxinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, indenyl, dihydro-indenyl, dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxinyl, benzothiazole-2-yl, dihydrobenzodioxepinyl, benzooxazinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-yl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,7-naphthyridine, radicals and the like.
Examples of aryl or heteroaryl tricyclic ring systems include fluorenyl radicals as well as benzocondensed derivatives of the aforementioned heteroaryl bicyclic ring systems.
The derived expression “(C3-C10)heterocycloalkyl” likewise “(C3-C8)heterocycloalkyl” or “(C3-C6)heterocycloalkyl” refers to saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic cycloalkyl groups of the indicated number of carbons, in which at least one ring carbon atom is replaced by at least one heteroatom (e.g. N, NH, S or O) or may bear an -oxo (═O) substituent group. Said heterocycloalkyl (i.e. heterocyclic radical or group) is further optionally substituted on the available points in the ring, namely on a carbon atom, or on an heteroatom available for substitution. Examples of heterocycloalkyl are represented by: oxetanyl, tetrahydro-furanyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydro- or tetrahydro-pyridinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyranyl, 2H- or 4H-pyranyl, dihydro- or tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydroisoxazolyl, pyrrolidin-2-one-yl, dihydropyrrolyl, 5-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl, (1R,5S,6r)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl, octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-5-yl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-2-yl; 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl radicals and the like.
The term “Aryl(C1-C6)alkyl” refers to an aryl ring linked to a straight-chained or branched alkyl groups wherein the number of constituent carbon atoms is in the range from 1 to 6, e.g. phenylmethyl (i.e. benzyl), phenylethyl or phenylpropyl.
Likewise the term “Heteroaryl(C1-C6)alkyl” refers to an heteroaryl ring linked to a straight-chained or branched alkyl groups wherein the number of constituent carbon atoms is in the range from 1 to 6, e.g. furanylmethyl.
The term “alkanoyl”, refers to HC(O)— or to alkylcarbonyl groups (e.g. (C1-C6)alkylC(O)—) wherein the group “alkyl” has the meaning above defined. Examples include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl.
The term “(C1-C10) alkoxy” or “(C1-C10) alkoxyl”, likewise “(C1-C6) alkoxy” or “(C1-C6) alkoxyl” etc., refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon of the indicated number of carbons, linked to the rest of the molecule through an oxygen bridge. “(C1-C6)Alkylthio” refers to the above hydrocarbon linked through a sulfur bridge.
The derived expression “(C1-C6)haloalkoxy” or “(C1-C6)haloalkoxyl” refers to the above defined haloalkyl, linked through an oxygen bridge. An example of (C1-C6)haloalkoxy is trifluoromethoxy.
Likewise derived expression “(C3-C6)heterocycloalkyl-(C1-C6)alkyl” and “(C3-C6)cycloalkyl-(C1-C6) alkyl” refer to the above defined heterocycloalkyl and cycloalkyl groups linked to the rest of the molecule via an alkyl group of the indicated number of carbons, corresponding e.g. to linear formula (C3-C6)heterocycloalkyl-(CH2)m— or (C3-C6)cycloalkyl-(CH2)m— for example piperidin-4-yl-methyl, cyclohexylethyl.
The derived expression “(C1-C6)alkoxy-(C1-C6)alkyl” refers to the above defined alkoxy group linked to the rest of the molecule via an alkyl group of the indicated number of carbons, for example methoxymethyl.
Likewise “(C1-C6)haloalkoxy (C1-C6)alkyl” refers to the above defined (C1-C6)haloalkoxy” group linked to the rest of the molecule via an alkyl group of the indicated number of carbons, for example difluoromethoxypropyl.
An oxo moiety is represented by (O) as an alternative to the other common representation, e.g. (═O). Thus, in terms of general formula, the carbonyl group is herein preferably represented as —C(O)— as an alternative to the other common representations such as —CO—, —(CO)— or —C(═O)—. In general the bracketed group is a lateral group, not included into the chain, and brackets are used, when deemed useful, to help disambiguating linear chemical formulas; e.g. the sulfonyl group —SO2— might be also represented as —S(O)2— to disambiguate e.g. with respect to the sulfinic group —S(O)O—.
Likewise, the group —(CHR3)n—R2 herein is a linear representation of the terminal part of the charachterizing group
When a numerical index the statement (value) “p is zero” or “p is 0” means that the substituent or group bearing the index p (e.g. (R)p) is absent, that is to say no substituent, other than H when needed, is present. Likewise when the index is attached to a bridging divalent group (e.g. (CH2)n) the statement “n in each occurrence is zero . . . ” or “n is 0” means that the bridging group is absent, that is to say it is a bond.
Whenever basic amino or quaternary ammonium groups are present in the compounds of formula (I), physiological acceptable anions, selected among chloride, bromide, iodide, trifluoroacetate, formate, sulfate, phosphate, methanesulfonate, nitrate, maleate, acetate, citrate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, succinate, benzoate, p-toluenesulfonate, pamoate and naphthalene disulfonate may be present. Likewise, in the presence of acidic groups such as COOH groups, corresponding physiological cation salts may be present as well, for instance including alkaline or alkaline earth metal ions.
Compounds of formula (I) when they contain one or more stereogenic center, may exist as optical stereoisomers.
Where the compounds of the invention have at least one stereogenic center, they may accordingly exist as enantiomers. Where the compounds of the invention possess two or more stereogenic centers, they may additionally exist as diastereoisomers. It is to be understood that all such single enantiomers, diastereoisomers and mixtures thereof in any proportion are encompassed within the scope of the present invention. The absolute configuration (R) or (S) for carbon bearing a stereogenic center is assigned on the basis of Cahn-Ingold-Prelog nomenclature rules based on groups' priorities.
“Single stereoisomer”, “single diastereoisomer” or “single enantiomer”, when reported near the chemical name of a compound indicate that the isomer was isolated as a single diastereoisomer or enantiomer (e.g via chiral chromatography) but the absolute configuration at the relevant stereogenic center was not determined/assigned.
Atropisomers result from hindered rotation about single bonds where the steric strain barrier to rotation is high enough to allow for the isolation of the conformers (Bringmann G et al, Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 44 (34), 5384-5427, 2005. doi:10.1002/anie.200462661).
Oki defined atropisomers as conformers that interconvert with a half-life of more than 1000 seconds at a given temperature (Oki M, Topics in Stereochemistry 14,1-82, 1983).
Atropisomers differ from other chiral compounds in that in many cases they can be equilibrated thermally whereas in the other forms of chirality isomerization is usually only possible chemically.
Separation of atropisomers is possible by chiral resolution methods such as selective crystallization. In an atropo-enantioselective or atroposelective synthesis one atropisomer is formed at the expense of the other. Atroposelective synthesis may be carried out by use of chiral auxiliaries like a Corey Bakshi Shibata (CBS) catalyst, an asymmetric catalyst derived from proline, or by approaches based on thermodynamic equilibration when an isomerization reaction favors one atropisomer over the other.
Racemic forms of compounds of formula (I) as well as the individual atropisomers (substantially free of its corresponding enantiomer) and stereoisomer-enriched atropisomers mixtures are included in the scope of the present invention.
The invention further concerns the corresponding deuterated derivatives of compounds of formula (I). In the context of the present invention, deuterated derivative means that at least one position occupied by a hydrogen atom is occupied by deuterium in an amount above its natural abundance. Preferably, the percent of deuterium at that position is at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably 99%.
All preferred groups or embodiments described above and herebelow for compounds of formula (I) may be combined among each other and apply as well mutatis mutandis.
As above mentioned, the present invention refers to compounds of general formula (I) as reported below, acting as ROCK inhibitors, to processes for the preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them either alone or in combination with one or more active ingredient, in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
A first aspect of the present invention is directed to a class of compounds of formula (I)
In a preferred embodiment the invention is directed to a compound of formula (I) wherein X3 and X4 are all CH groups and X1 or X2 are in the alternative independently a CH group or a nitrogen atom;
Said preferred group of compounds is represented by the formula (Ia)
Particularly preferred are compound of formula (I) as above defined,
Said preferred group of compounds is represented by the formula (Ib)
In another preferred embodiment the invention is directed to a compound of formula (I) wherein X1, X2, X3 and X4 are all CH;
Particularly preferred in this last embodiment is a compound wherein R2 is selected from (pyridinyl)methyl, (pyridinyl)ethyl, methoxypyridinyl, ((dimethylamino)ethoxy)pyridinyl, or from 1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-indazole-5-yl, 1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indazole-5-yl, 1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-indazole-5-yl;
Thus, a group of particularly preferred compounds are
A further preferred group of compounds according to the invention are those of formula (I) wherein
The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient, either alone or in combination with one or more further active ingredient as detailed below.
According to specific embodiments, the invention provides the compounds listed in the table below single enantiomers, diastereoisomers and mixtures thereof in any proportion and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
The compounds of the invention, including all the compounds hereabove listed, can be prepared from readily available starting materials using the following general methods and procedures or by using slightly modified processes readily available to those of ordinary skill in the art. Although a particular embodiment of the present invention may be shown or described herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that all embodiments or aspects of the present invention can be prepared using the methods described herein or by using other known methods, reagents and starting materials. When typical or preferred process conditions (i.e. reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures, etc.) are given, other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. While the optimum reaction conditions may vary depending on the particular reactants or solvent used, such conditions can be readily determined by those skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.
Thus, processes of preparation described below and reported in the following schemes should not be viewed as limiting the scope of the synthetic methods available for the preparation of the compounds of the invention.
In some cases a step is needed in order to mask or protect sensitive or reactive moieties, generally known protective groups (PG) could be employed, in accordance with general principles of chemistry (Protective group in organic syntheses, 3rd ed. T. W. Greene, P. G. M. Wuts). A suitable protective group for intermediates requiring protection of a carboxylic acid (herein reported as PG1) can be C1-C4 esters (PG1: methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or ethyl), preferably methyl. A suitable protective group for intermediates requiring the amino group protection (herein reported as PG2) can be carbamates such as tert-butylcarbamate (PG2: tert-butoxycarbonyl or Boc), benzylcarbamate (PG2: Benzyloxycarbonyl or Cbz), ethylcarbamate (PG2: ethoxycarbonyl) or methylcarbamate (PG2: methoxycarbonyl), preferably PG2 is Boc. A suitable protective group PG3 for intermediates requiring ring NH protection of five membered heterocycles can be a THP (2-tetrahydrofuranyl) or Boc.
The compounds of formula (I), here reported again for clarity, including all the compounds here above listed, can be usually prepared according to the procedures shown in the schemes below. Where a specific detail or step differs from the general schemes it has been detailed in the specific examples, and/or in additional schemes.
Compounds of formula (I) can contain one or more stereogenic centre. Enantiomerically pure compounds can be prepared according to generally known reactions, e.g. according to the reactions described below, by means of enantiomerically pure starting materials and intermediates. These intermediates may be commercially available or readily produced from commercial sources by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In another approach, enantiomerically pure compounds can be prepared from the corresponding racemates by means of chiral chromatography purification. Stereochemically pure compounds may be obtained by chiral separation from a diastereoisomeric mixture, or (whenever, there are two or more stereogenic centres—i.e. chiral center—in compounds of formula (I)) stepwise by chromatographic separation of diastereoisomers followed by further chiral separation into single stereoisomers.
Examples 1 to 32, 35 to 48, 51 to 52 can be prepared according to scheme 1 providing at least one non-limiting synthetic route for examples of the invention.
Intermediate II can be converted into intermediate III by means of four consecutive steps including 1) chlorination, 2) amination, 3) reduction and 4) bromination.
For example, the chlorination step may be carried out by refluxing intermediate II with an appropriate chlorinating agent (neat or in solution with an organic solvent such as DCM or dioxane) such as POCl3 or SOCl2.
The amination step can be carried out by introducing a masked ammonia such as benzophenone imine through a Buchwald type palladium catalyzed reaction using, for example, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)/BINAP catalytic system followed by reaction of the linked benzophenone imine with hydroxylamine to give the corresponding furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-amine. Reduction of furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-amine to give 2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4-amine (step 3) can be carried out for example by hydrogenating a solution of the furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-amine in MeOH/acetic acid in the presence of a Pd/C catalyst under high H2 pressure (e.g. 10 bar) and at a temperature of 50° C. or higher. Finally, intermediate III can be obtained by means of bromination of 2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4-amine (step 4) by reaction with a brominating agent such as N-bromosuccinimide in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile for a few hours at low temperature (e.g. −10-0° C.).
Intermediate III and carbonyl intermediate IVa (or IVb) can be combined to give intermediate Va (or Vb) through a reductive amination reaction that can be performed in an appropriate solvent such as DCM or THF, in the presence of a Lewis acid such as chloro(triisopropoxy)titanium(IV) or titanium tetraisopropoxide(IV) followed by addition of a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in the presence of an organic acid such as acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid.
Intermediate Va can be converted into intermediate VIa by a direct introduction of group R1 through a metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction such as Suzuki coupling, Stille coupling or similar (Strategic application of named reactions in organic synthesis, L. Kurti, B. Czako, Ed. 2005). For example, a Suzuki coupling can be performed by reacting intermediate Va with the corresponding boronic acid or boron pinacolate ester of group R1 (in some cases R1 contains a ring NH moiety that needs to be masked to reduce reactivity or for synthetic convenience, it can be opportunely protected with a PG3 group such as THP or Boc), in the presence of a Pd catalyst such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), PdCl2(dppf)2·DCM adduct or tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium(0), in an organic solvent such as dioxane, THF or DMF with or without water, with an inorganic base such as an alkaline carbonate (for example Cs2CO3) or an inorganic phosphate (for example K3PO4), under heating (90-150° C.). Boronic acid and boronic pinacolate esters are generally commercially available or may be readily prepared by those skilled in the art starting from commercially available reagents.
Intermediate VIc can be prepared from intermediate VII and IVc by reductive amination using a similar method to that described for the transformation of intermediate III into Va. Intermediate VII can be obtained from intermediate III using a similar process to that described above for transformation of intermediate Va into intermediate VIa.
Removal of PG1 (when PG1 is methyl) from intermediate VIa to give intermediate VIIIa (PG3 is H) may be carried out by acidic or basic hydrolysis. For example, acidic hydrolysis of PG1 (when PG1 is methyl) can be carried out by heating (up to 100° C.) VIa with a concentrated aqueous acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid (if PG3 is present, it is removed concurrently in the same reaction conditions).
Intermediate VIc can be converted into intermediate VIIIc by reduction of the nitro group by using a reducing system such as catalytic hydrogenation, redox with Fe/Sn in acidic condition or using hydrides. When PG3 is THP, reduction of VIc to VIIIc 15 performed by catalytic hydrogenation with Pd/C in MeOH in order to retain the NH protecting group.
In another embodiment of the present invention intermediate VIIIc can be prepared reacting intermediate Vb as done for Va leading to intermediate VIb that can be easily converted into VIIIc by mean of a simple removal of the protecting group PG2 on the amine.
Reaction between acid intermediate VIIIa (PG3 is H) and amino intermediate IXa (or alternatively acid DO with amine VIIIc) to give a compound of formula I may be carried out under suitable amide coupling reaction conditions. For example, acid intermediate VIIIa may be reacted in the presence of an activating agent such as TBTU, HATU or COMU, with an organic base such as DIPEA or TEA, in a suitable organic solvent such as DCM or DMF, and at temperature generally around RT for a time ranging from a few hours to overnight. An alternative amide coupling condition that may be considered involves the reaction of intermediate VIIIa and IXa in the presence of 1-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-benzotriazole as a coupling agent, with an organic base such as TEA, at temperature up to 150° C. for a few hours (for example 4 h). Wherein a compound of formula I contains in R2 or R3 a primary or secondary amine, this amino moiety needs to be masked during the amide coupling step by using suitably protected (generally Boc) intermediates IXa or IXb.
In another approach, a compound of formula I (wherein L is —NHC(O)—) can be synthesized from amino intermediate VIIIc and methyl ester intermediate Xa by means of a transamidation reaction. For example, this reaction can be carried out by reacting a methyl ester intermediate and an amino intermediate in a suitable organic solvent such as THF or DCM, in the presence of a suitable Lewis acid such as bis(trimethylaluminum)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane adduct or InCl3 at temperatures up to 120° C.
In a different approach, a compound of formula I can be prepared from intermediate VII and intermediate XI by means of reductive amination using similar conditions to those described for the transformation of intermediate III into intermediate Va.
Wherein for convenience the PG3 group (i.e. THP) on R1 was kept throughout the synthetic sequence, it can be easily removed by heating (up to 100° C.) the protected precursor with concentrated aqueous acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid for a time up to 1 h or less.
In another approach, a compound of formula (I) can be prepared according to scheme 2 providing at least one synthetic route for examples 49-50, 53-54 and 57.
Compounds of formula I can be obtained from intermediate XIII by a direct introduction of group R1 through a metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction such as Suzuki coupling, Stille coupling or similar (Strategic application of named reactions in organic synthesis, L. Kurti, B. Czako, Ed. 2005) in the same way (scheme 1) as that described for transformation of intermediate Va into VIa. Wherein for synthetic convenience R1 boronic acid or pinacolate needs to be protected with a PG3 group (i.e. THP or Boc), PG3 can be easily removed by heating (up to 100° C.) the protected precursor with concentrated aqueous acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid for a time up to 1 h or less.
Intermediate XIII can be obtained by an amide coupling between acid intermediate XIIa and amino intermediate IXa (or acid DO and amine XIIb) using similar conditions to those described above (scheme 1) for the reaction of VIIIa and intermediate IXa. Intermediate XIIa and XIIb can be obtained from Va and Vb (described in scheme 1) by deprotection of PG1 or PG2, respectively.
Deprotection of PG1 can be performed by basic or acid hydrolysis. Basic hydrolysis of Va (when PG1 is Me or iPr) to give XIIa can be performed by means of using an inorganic base such as LiOH or NaOH in a mixture of an organic solvent such as THF and/or methanol with water, generally at RT and for a time ranging from 1 h to overnight.
Removal of PG2 (when PG2 is a Boc group) from intermediate Vb (for conveninency of description the preparation of Vb is reported into Scheme 1) to give the intermediate XIIb can be carried out by acidic deprotection. For example, an acidic Boc cleavage can be carried out by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid or trifluoroacetic acid.
Intermediate XIII (wherein L is —C(O)NH—) can be alternatively obtained from ester intermediate Va and amine intermediate Xb by a transamidation reaction in a similar manner (scheme 1) to that described for the reaction of intermediate VIIIc and amino intermediate Xa.
Where for convenience the PG3 group (i.e. THP) on R1 was kept throughout the synthetic sequence, it can be easily removed by heating (up to 100° C.) the protected precursor with concentrated aqueous acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid for a time up to 1 h or less.
Wherein a compound of formula I contains in R2/R3 a secondary or tertiary amine, or an amide, such compounds can be obtained by further elaboration of a compound of formula I (wherein R2/R3 contain a primary or secondary amine) by a reductive amination reaction or an amidation using generally accepted methods. Examples 33 and 34 were prepared by elaboration of a precursor of formula I containing a primary or secondary amine in R2/R3.
As herein described in details, the compounds of the invention are inhibitors of kinase activity, in particular Rho-kinase activity.
In one aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I) for use as a medicament, preferably for the prevention and/or treatment of pulmonary disease.
In a further aspect the invention provides the use of a compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of disorders associated with ROCK enzymes mechanisms, particularly for the treatment of disorders such as pulmonary diseases.
In particular the invention provides compounds of formula (I) for use in the prevention and/or treatment of pulmonary disease selected from the group consisting of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary hypertension (PH) and specifically Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Moreover the invention provides a method for the prevention and/or treatment of disorders associated with ROCK enzymes mechanisms, said method comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention.
In particular the invention provides methods for the prevention and/or treatment wherein the disorder is a respiratory disease selected from asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and specifically Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Preferred is the use of the compounds of the invention for the prevention of the aforesaid disorders.
Equally preferred is the use of the compounds of the invention for the treatment of the aforesaid disorders.
Generally speaking, compounds which are ROCK inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of many disorders associated with ROCK enzymes mechanisms.
In one embodiment, the disorders that can be treated by the compounds of the present invention include glaucoma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and pulmonary diseases selected from asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
In another embodiment, the disorder that can be treated by the compound of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
In a further embodiment, the disorder is selected from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
The methods of treatment of the invention comprise administering a safe and effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof. As used herein, “safe and effective amount” in reference to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or other pharmaceutically-active agent means an amount of the compound sufficient to treat the patient's condition but low enough to avoid serious side effects and it can nevertheless be routinely determined by the skilled artisan. The compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be administered once or according to a dosing regimen wherein a number of doses are administered at varying intervals of time for a given period of time. Typical daily dosages may vary depending upon the particular route of administration chosen.
The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions of compounds of formula (I) in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient, for example those described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences Handbook, XVII Ed., Mack Pub., N.Y., U.S.A.
The present invention is also directed to use of the compounds of the invention and their pharmaceutical compositions for various route of administration.
Administration of the compounds of the invention and their pharmaceutical compositions may be accomplished according to patient needs, for example, orally, nasally, parenterally (subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intrasternally and by infusion), by inhalation, rectally, vaginally, topically, locally, transdermally, and by ocular administration.
Various solid oral dosage forms can be used for administering compounds of the invention including such solid forms as tablets, gelcaps, capsules, caplets, granules, lozenges and bulk powders. The compounds of the present invention can be administered alone or combined with various pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents (such as sucrose, mannitol, lactose, starches) and known excipients, including suspending agents, solubilizers, buffering agents, binders, disintegrants, preservatives, colorants, flavorants, lubricants and the like. Time release capsules, tablets and gels are also advantageous.
Various liquid oral dosage forms can also be used for administering compounds of the invention, including aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs. Such dosage forms can also contain suitable known inert diluents such as water and suitable known excipients such as preservatives, wetting agents, sweeteners, flavorants, as well as agents for emulsifying and/or suspending the compounds of the invention. The compounds of the present invention may be injected, for example, intravenously, in the form of an isotonic sterile solution. Other preparations are also possible.
Suppositories for rectal administration of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by mixing the compound with a suitable excipient such as cocoa butter, salicylates and polyethylene glycols.
Formulations for vaginal administration can be in the form of cream, gel, paste, foam, or spray formula containing, in addition to the active ingredient, such as suitable carriers, are also known.
For topical administration the pharmaceutical composition can be in the form of creams, ointments, liniments, lotions, emulsions, suspensions, gels, solutions, pastes, powders, sprays, and drops suitable for administration to the skin, eye, ear or nose. Topical administration may also involve transdermal administration via means such as transdermal patches.
Some preferred compounds of the invention exhibit profile suitable for inhalatory route administration.
Optimisation of drugs for inhaled delivery need certain characteristics that allow administered compound to the lung to maintain a sufficient local concentration (lung retention) to exert a pharmacological effect of the desired duration, and non-relevant levels in unwanted compartments (i.e. plasma). To attenuate lung absorpion, one or more features of the compounds need to be optimized such as, and not limited to, minimizing membrane permeability, reducing dissolution rate or introducing a degree of basicity into the compound to enhance binding to the phospholipid-rich lung tissue or through lysosomial trapping. In some embodiments, compounds of invention show one or more of the features above that are desirable for an inhaled compound.
Other preferred compounds of the invention exhibit profile suitable for oral route administration.
Optimization of drugs for oral delivery need certain characteristics that allow orally administered compound to be absorbed by GI (gastrointestinal) tract and to be poorly cleared in order to give a good bioavailability (F %), thus to maintain a sufficient concentration in plasma and target tissues for a time adequate to sustain pharmacological effect. To enhance oral bioavalability, one or more features of the compounds need to be optimized such as, and not limited to, maximizing membrane permeability and reducing metabolic hot spots (optimizing in-vitro clearance). In some embodiments, compounds of invention show one or more of the features above for an oral compound.
For the treatment of the diseases of the respiratory tract, the compounds according to the invention may be administered by inhalation.
Inhalable preparations include inhalable powders, propellant-containing metering aerosols or propellant-free inhalable formulations.
For administration as a dry powder, single- or multi-dose inhalers known from the prior art may be utilized. In that case the powder may be filled in gelatine, plastic or other capsules, cartridges or blister packs or in a reservoir.
A diluent or carrier, usually non-toxic and chemically inert to the compounds of the invention, e.g. lactose or any other additive suitable for improving the respirable fraction may be added to the powdered compounds of the invention.
Inhalation aerosols containing propellant gas such as hydrofluoroalkanes may contain the compounds of the invention either in solution or in dispersed form. The propellant-driven formulations may also contain other ingredients such as co-solvents, stabilizers and optionally other excipients.
The propellant-free inhalable formulations comprising the compounds of the invention may be in the form of solutions or suspensions in an aqueous, alcoholic or hydroalcoholic medium and they may be delivered by jet or ultrasonic nebulizers known from the prior art or by soft-mist nebulizers such as Respimat®.
Further preferably the invention provides compounds of formula (I) and/or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use via inhalatory route of administration particularly in the prevention and/or treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary hypertension (PH) and specifically Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), preferably in the prevention and/or treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
Further preferably the invention provides compounds of formula (I) and/or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use via oral route of administration particularly in the prevention and/or treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary hypertension (PH) and specifically Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), preferably in the prevention and/or treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and specifically Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
The compounds of the invention, regardless of the route of administration and desease to be treated, can be administered as the sole active agent or in combination (i.e. as co-therapeutic agents administered in fixed dose combination or in combined therapy of separately formulated active ingredients) with other pharmaceutical active ingredients selected from organic nitrates and NO donors; inhaled NO; stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC); prostaciclin analogue PGI2 and agonist of prostacyclin receptors; compounds that inhibit the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), such as inhibitors of phosphodiesterases (PDE) 1, 2, 3, 4 and/or 5, especially PDE 5 inhibitors; human neutrophilic elastase inhibitors; compounds inhibiting the signal transduction cascade, such as tyrosine kinase and/or serine/threonine kinase inhibitors; antithrombotic agents, for example platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants or profibrinolytic substances; active substances for lowering blood pressure, for example calcium antagonists, angiotensin II antagonists, ACE inhibitors, endothelin antagonists, renin inhibitors, aldosterone synthase inhibitors, alpha receptor blockers, beta receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; neutral endopeptidase inhibitor; osmotic agents; ENaC blockers; anti-inflammatories including corticosteroids and antagonists of chemokine receptors; antihistamine drugs; anti-tussive drugs; antibiotics such as macrolide and DNase drug substance and selective cleavage agents such as recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase); agents that inhibit ALK5 and/or ALK4 phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3; tryptophan hydroylase 1 (TPH1) inhibitors and multi-kinase inhibitors, beta2-agonists, corticosteroids, anticholinergic or antimuscarinic agents, mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38 MAP kinase) inhibitors, nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKK2) inhibitors, leukotriene modulators, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), mucus regulators, mucolytics, expectorant/mucokinetic modulators, peptide mucolytics, inhibitors of JAK, SYK inhibitors, inhibitors of PI3Kdelta or PI3Kgamma and combinations thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the compounds of the invention are dosed in combination with phosphodiesterase V such as sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil; organic nitrates and NO donors (for example sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, isosorbide mononitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, molsidomine or SIN-1, and inhaled NO); synthetic prostacyclin analogue PGI2 such as iloprost, treprostinil, epoprostenol and beraprost; agonist of prostacyclin receptors such as selexipag and compounds of WO 2012/007539; stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) like riociguat and tyrosine kinase like imatinib, sorafenib and nilotinib and endothelin antagonist (for example macitentan, bosentan, sitaxentan and ambrisentan).
In a further embodiment the compounds of the invention are dosed in combination with beta2-agonists such as salbutamol, salmeterol, and vilanterol, corticosteroids such as fluticasone propionate or furoate, flunisolide, mometasone furoate, rofleponide and ciclesonide, dexametasone, anticholinergic or antimuscarinic agents such as ipratropium bromide, oxytropium bromide, tiotropium bromide, oxybutynin, and combinations thereof.
In a further embodiment the compounds of the invention are dosed in combination with mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38 MAP kinase) inhibitors, nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKK2) inhibitors, leukotriene modulators, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), mucus regulators, mucolytics, expectorant/mucokinetic modulators, peptide mucolyticsinhibitors of JAK, SYK inhibitors, inhibitors of PI3Kdelta or PI3Kgamma.
The invention is also directed to a kit comprising the pharmaceutical compositions of compounds of the invention alone or in combination with or in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients and a device which may be a single- or multi-dose dry powder inhaler, a metered dose inhaler or a nebulizer.
The dosages of the compounds of the invention depend upon a variety of factors including the particular disease to be treated, the severity of the symptoms, the route of administration, the frequency of the dosage interval, the particular compound utilized, the efficacy, toxicology profile, and pharmacokinetic profile of the compound.
Advantageously, the compounds of formula (I) can be administered for example, at a dosage comprised between 0.001 and 10000 mg/day, preferably between 0.1 and 500 mg/day.
When the compounds of formula (I) are administered by inhalation route, they are preferably given at a dosage comprised between 0.001 and 500 mg/day, preferably between 0.1 and 100 mg/day.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention suitable to be administered by inhalation is in various respirable forms, such as inhalable powders (DPI), propellant-containing metering aerosols (PMDI) or propellant-free inhalable formulations (e.g. UDV).
The invention is also directed to a device comprising the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to the invention, which may be a single- or multi-dose dry powder inhaler, a metered dose inhaler and a nebulizer particularly soft mist nebulizer.
Although for the treatment of the diseases of the respiratory tract, the compounds according to the invention can be administered by inhalation; they may be in some case preferably be administered by the oral route.
When the compounds of formula (I) are administered by oral route, they are preferably given at a dosage comprised from 0.001 mg to 100 mg per kg body weight of a human, often 0.01 mg to about 50 mg per kg, for example 0.1 to 10 mg per kg, in single or multiple doses per day.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention suitable to be administered by the oral route can be in various solid or liquid forms, such as tablets, gelcaps, capsules, caplets, granules, lozenges and bulk powders or aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs formulations.
The following examples illustrate the invention in more detail.
General Experimental Details
Chemical Names of the compounds were generated with Structure To Name Enterprise 10.0 Cambridge Software or latest.
Purification by ‘chromatography’ or ‘flash chromatography’ refers to purification using the Biotage SP1 purification system or equivalent MPLC system using a pre-packed polypropylene column containing unbounded activated silica with irregular particles with average size of 50 μm and nominal 60 Å porosity. When ‘NH-silica’ and ‘C18-silica’ are specified, they refer respectively to aminopropyl chain bonded silica and octadecyl carbon chain (C18)-bonded silica. Fractions containing the required product (identified by TLC and/or LCMS analysis) were pooled and concentrated in vacuo or freeze-dried.
Where an Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge was used, ‘Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge’ refers to a pre-packed polypropylene column containing a non-end-capped propylsulphonic acid functionalised silica strong cation exchange sorb ent.
NMR spectra were obtained on a Bruker Avance 400 MHz, 5 mm QNP probe H, C, F, P, single Z gradient, two channel instrument running TopSpin 2.1, or on a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz, 5 mm BBFO Plus probe, single Z gradient, two channel instrument running TopSpin 3.0, or on a Varian Unity Inova 400 spectrometer with a 5 mm inverse detection triple resonance probe operating at 400 MHz. Chemical shift are reported as δ values in ppm relative to tetramethylsilane. Coupling constants (J values) are given in hertz (Hz) and multiplicities are reported using the following abbreviation: s=singlet, d=doublet, t=triplet, q=quartet, m=multiplet, br=broad, nd=not determined.
Where compounds were purified using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) either a Waters Thar Prep100 preparative SFC system (P200 CO2 pump, 2545 modifier pump, 2998 UV/VIS detector, 2767 liquid handler with Stacked Injection Module) or a Waters Thar Investigator semi preparative system (Waters Fluid Delivery Module, 2998 UV/VIS detector, Waters Fraction Collection Module) was used. The compounds were purified using the column and conditions specified and fractions that contained the desired product were concentrated by vacuum centrifugation.
The modifier used under basic conditions was diethyl amine (0.1% V/V). Alternate modifiers such as formic acid (0.1% V/V), acetic acid (0.1% V/V), were used as an acidic modifier.
Compounds were purified by reverse phase HPLC using a Waters Fractionlynx preparative HPLC system (2525 pump, 2996/2998 UV/VIS detector, 2767 liquid handler) or Gilson preparative HPLC system (322 pump, 155 UV/VIS detector, GX-281 liquid handler) or equivalent system. Collection was triggered by a threshold absorbance value at 260 nm and the presence of target molecular ion as observed under ESI conditions. The fractions that contained the desired product were lyophilized. The specific details of the conditions used, including the column, solvents, gradient and modifier (acidic or basic), are provided for some examples and merely provided for assistance. When specific conditions are not provided, they can be readily optimized by those skilled in the art.
In the procedures that follow, some of the starting materials are identified through an “Intermediate” or “Example” number with indications on step name. When reference is made to the use of a “similar” or “analogous” procedure, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, such a procedure may involve minor variations, for example reaction temperature, reagent/solvent amount, reaction time, work-up conditions or chromatographi c purification conditions.
The stereochemistry of the compounds in the Examples, where indicated, has been assigned on the assumption that absolute configuration at resolved stereogenic centers of starting materials is maintained throughout any subsequent reaction conditions. All solvents and commercial reagents were used as received. Where the preparation of starting materials is not described, these are commercially available, known in the literature, or readily obtainable by those skilled in the art using standard procedures.
ACN (acetonitrile), BINAP (2,2′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene), COMU ((1-Cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy)dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate), DCM (dichloromethane), DIPEA or DIEA (N-Ethyldii sopropylamine), DMF (N,N-Dimethylformamide), DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide), dppf (1,1′-Ferrocenediyl-bis(diphenylphosphine)), EtOH (ethanol), EtOAc (ethyl acetate), FA (Formic acid), HATU (1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate, N-[(Dimethylamino)-1H-1,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-b]pyridin-1-ylmethylene]-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate N-oxide), HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography), LCMS (Liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry), MDAP (Mass-directed auto-purification), MeOH (methanol), Me-THF (2-Methyltetrahydrofuran), MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance), Rt (Retention time), RT (Room temperature), SCX (Strong cation exchange), TBTU (2-(1H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylaminium tetrafluoroborate), TFA (Trifluoroacetic acid), THF (Tetrahydrofuran), XPhos Pd G2 Chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl) [2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II).
Preparation of Intermediates
tert-Butyl 4-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.3 g, 1.3 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (4.0 mL), then benzyl (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) carbonate (0.33 g, 1.3 mmol) was added under stirring followed by triethylamine (0.18 mL, 1.3 mmol). The solution was stirred at RT for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (50 mL), then saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to dryness to give the title compound (0.48 g) that was used in the next step without further purification.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=1.22 min, m/z 385.1 [M+Na]+
Intermediate A1-a (0.48 g, 1.313 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of DCM (15 mL)/TFA (5 mL) at 0° C. and the solution stirred at RT for 3 h. The reaction mixture was dried under reduced pressure and the crude purified on an Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge to give the title compound (0.36 g).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.41 min, m/z 263.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate A1-b (0.20 g, 0.76 mmol) and oxetan-3-one (0.055 g, 0.76 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was stirred at RT for 15 min, then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.24 g, 1.14 mmol) was added in one portion. The solution was stirred at RT for 4 h, then diluted with DCM, and the organic phase washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated to dryness and purified through an Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge to give the title compound (0.24 g).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.43 min, m/z 319.3 [M+H]+
Intermediate A1-c (0.10 g, 0.31 mmol), acetic acid (0.019 g, 0.31 mmol) and Pd/C (0.100 g, 0.942 mmol) in EtOH (5 mL) was degassed under vacuum/H2 cycles (3 times), then hydrogenated at RT for 4 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (0.058 g) that was used in the next step without further purification.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.12 min, m/z 185.3 [M+H]+
To a 0° C. cooled suspension of 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (0.2 g, 0.85 mmol) in THF (5 mL), lithium aluminium hydride solution in THF (1.0 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added dropwise and stirring was continued at RT for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous Na2SO4, the mixture filtered, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to dryness to give the title compound (0.125 g).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.13 min, m/z 185.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate A2-a (0.125 g, 0.68 mmol), diphenyl phosphorazidate (0.146 mL, 0.68 mmol) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.101 mL, 0.68 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (5 mL) and the resulting solution heated at 90° C. under microwave irradiation for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and purified on NH-silica by elution with 0-10% MeOH in DCM to give the title compound (80 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.14 min, m/z 210.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate A2-b (0.08 g, 0.38 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of THF (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL), then triphenylphosphine (0.301 g, 1.15 mmol) was added and the solution was refluxed for 2 h. The mixture was dried under reduced pressure and purified on an Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge to give the title compound (15 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.10 min, m/z 184.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate A3-a was prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate A2-a by replacing 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride of step a with methyl 2-methylisoindoline-5-carboxylate.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.13 min, m/z 164.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate A3-b was prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate A2-b by replacing intermediate A2-a of step b with intermediate A3-a.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.20 min, m/z 189.1 [M+H]+
Intermediate A3 was prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate A2 by replacing intermediate A2-b of step c with intermediate A3-b.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.10 min, m/z 163.0 [M+H]+
Ethyl 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate (150 mg, 0.707 mmol) and cesium carbonate (691 mg, 2.120 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (6 mL) and reacted for 10 min before addition of potassium iodide (58.7 mg, 0.353 mmol) and 2-bromoethanol (0.201 mL, 1.413 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 7 h at 75° C., then filtered and evaporated to dryness. The resulting crude material was purified by flash chromatography on NH-silica by eluting with 0-10% MeOH in DCM. Appropriate fractions were evaporated to give the desired product (167 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.16 min, m/z 257.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate A4-b was dissolved in THF (2.5 mL) and water (2.5 mL) then lithium hydroxide (78 mg) was added and the mixture stirred for 1 h at RT. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum to give the title compound (265 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.14 min, m/z 228.8 [M+H]+
To a solution of methyl 1H-indazole-5-carboxylate (250 mg, 1.419 mmol) and N,N-dimethylethanolamine (0.289 mL, 2.84 mmol) in toluene (6 mL) was added 2-(trimethylphosphoranylidene)acetonitrile solution 0.5 M in THF (5.68 mL, 2.84 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum and then the crude was taken in EtOAc and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution. The organic phase was evaporated under vacuum and purified by flash chromatography on NH-silica by eluting with 1/1 heptane/EtOAc+1% triethylamine. Appropriate fractions were pooled and dried to give the title compound (249 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.36 min, m/z 248.2 [M+H]+
Intermediate A5-a (249 mg, 1.01 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (2.5 mL) and water (2.5 mL) then lithium hydroxide (36.2 mg, 1.510 mmol) was added in one portion and the mixture stirred for 1 h at RT. Solvent was evaporated under vacuum to give the desired product (200 mg) that was used in the next step without further elaboration.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.16 min, m/z 234.2 [M+H]+
Intermediate A6 was prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate A-5 by replacing N,N-dimethylethanolamine with 1-methylpiperidin-4-ol.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.39 min, m/z 260.0 [M+H]+
Methyl 1H-indazole-5-carboxylate (500 mg, 2.84 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.18 g, 8.51 mmol) were mixed in DMF (10 mL) and stirred at RT for 20 min, then 4-(2 chloroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride (1.205 mL, 5.68 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (10 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic phases were evaporated under vacuum. The resulting crude material was purified by flash chromatography on NH-silica by eluting with 0-50% EtOAc in hexane. Appropriate fractions were combined and dried to give the desired product (325 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.38 min, m/z 290.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate A7 was prepared from intermediate A7-a using a procedure similar to that used in step b for the synthesis of intermediate A5 from intermediate A5-a.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.21 min, m/z 275.9 [M+H]+
Intermediate A8 was prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate A7 by replacing in step a respectively the 4-(2-chloroethyl) morpholine hydrochloride with ethyl 5-(bromomethyl)thiazole-2-carboxylate and methyl 1H-indazole-5-carboxylate with pyrrolidine.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.14 min, m/z 213.0 [M+H]+
A mixture of furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-ol (70.4 g, 0.52 mol) in phosphoryl trichloride (430 mL) was heated at reflux for 1 h. Phosphoryl trichloride was distilled off, the residue poured into ice/water and neutralized to pH-6 with aqueous saturated NaHCO3. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with DCM, then the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl and evaporated to dryness. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc-hexane to give the title compound (72.8 g).
LCMS (Method 7): Rt=2.71 min, m/z 153.9 [M+H]+
A solution of intermediate B-a (72.8 g, 0.47 mol) in dry toluene (730 mL) was purged with argon over 20 min, then racemic BINAP (17.72 g, 0.028 mol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (8.69 g, 0.0095 mol) and potassium tert-butoxide (74.50 g, 0.66 mol) were added. After addition of benzophenone imine (95.5 mL, 0.57 mol), the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with THF and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth followed by washing with THF and diethyl ether. The combined filtrate was evaporated and the residue taken into MeOH (260 mL) and added dropwise to a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (98.87 g, 1.42 mol) in MeOH (1200 mL) which had previously been neutralized in an ice bath with NaOH (56.91 g, 1.42 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and evaporated to dryness. The crude material was purified by chromatography on silica by eluting with 10-100% EtOAc in hexane to give a solid that was further purified by trituration and filtration in a mixture of MTBE and DCM. A second purification by chromatography on silica by eluting with 0-10% MeOH in DCM afforded the pure title compound (45.1 g).
LCMS (Method 8): Rt=0.83 min, m/z 135.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate B-b (44.1 g, 0.33 mol) was dissolved in MeOH (530 mL) and acetic acid (56.4 mL), then 10% Pd/C (50% wet, 17.74 g) was added and the reaction mixture purged with argon before being hydrogenated at a pressure of 10 bar of H2 at 50° C. under vigorous stirring. After 20 h a further half equivalent of 10% Pd/C (50% wet) and further 3 h of hydrogenation were needed in order to achieve full conversion. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with MeOH. The combined filtrate was evaporated and the residue partitioned between EtOAc (500 mL) and water (500 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with further EtOAc (300 mL), neutralized with solid NaHCO3 and saturated with NaCl. This aqueous mixture was extracted with DCM (8×300 mL) and the combined organic layers washed with saturated aqueous NaCl (800 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to afford the title compound (24.57 g).
LCMS (Method 9): Rt=0.81 min, m/z 137.1 [M+H]+
Intermediate B-c (24.57 g, 0.180 mol) was dissolved in ACN (1230 mL) and then a solution of N-bromosuccinimide (35.33 g, 0.198 mol) in ACN (490 mL) was added dropwise over 3 h at −10° C. in darkness. The reaction was quenched with aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (500 mL), water (500 mL), EtOAc (1000 mL) and aqueous 5% NaCl (500 mL). The resulting organic and aqueous phases were separated, and the aqueous layer further washed with EtOAc (1000 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous 5% NaCl (7×2000 mL) and concentrated to dryness. The residual solid was treated with a mixture of EtOAc (500 mL) and water (200 mL), placed in a sonic bath for some minutes and acidified with aqueous 10% KHSO4 (300 mL). The solid that appeared was collected by filtration. The biphasic filtrate was partitioned and the organic layer washed twice with aqueous 10% KHSO4 (200 mL each). The combined aqueous layer was washed with EtOAc (3×500 mL) and mixed with the previous collected solid. The resulting aqueous mixture was neutralized to pH7 with NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (3×1000 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl (500 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated to give the title compound as a solid (27.1 g).
LCMS (Method 10): Rt=1.69 min, m/z 215.0/217.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate B (15.6 g, 0.074 mol) and methyl 3-formylbenzoate (18.1 g, 0.11 mol) were dissolved in anhydrous DCM (470 mL) with molecular sieves and kept under an inert atmosphere. After 10 min, chloro(triisopropoxy)titanium(IV) (35.4 mL, 0.148 mol) was added dropwise and the resulting mixture stirred at RT over 2.5 h. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (31.4 g, 0.148 mol) followed by acetic acid (8.5 mL, 0.148 mol) were added and the mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with methanol and the solvents were evaporated. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and aqueous saturated NaHCO3 solution. After being stirred for 15 min, the mixture was filtered through a thin pad of diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc. The combined filtrate was collected and organic-aqueous phases were separated. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The crude material was purified by chromatography on silica by eluting with 20%-40% EtOAc in hexane to give the title compound (19.3 g).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.85 min, m/z 362.9/364.9 [M+H]+
The following intermediate was prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate C1 by replacing methyl 3-formylbenzoate with the starting material given in the table.
A solution of intermediate C1 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol), lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.035 g, 0.83 mmol) in THF (1 mL), MeOH (1 mL) and water (2 mL) was stirred at RT for 1.5 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH ˜2-3 with aqueous 1M HCl. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated in vacuo to give the product as a solid (89 mg).
LCMS (Method 1): Rt=0.81 min, m/z 348.9/350.9 [M+H]+
Intermediate C2 (800 mg) was dissolved in acetonitrile (6 mL) and then added with aqueous HCl 12 M. The solution was stirred at RT and after 1 h a precipitate appeared. The solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound (550 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.38 min, m/z 320.0/322.0 [M+H]+
A mixture of Intermediate D1 (40 mg, 0.12 mmol), methylamine hydrochloride (23 mg, 0.35 mmol), TBTU (150 mg, 0.46 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.12 mL, 0.69 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was stirred at RT for 18 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue, diluted with MeOH, was passed down an Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge eluting with MeOH and then 2M methanolic ammonia. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to give the desired product (29 mg).
LCMS (Method 1): Rt=0.73 min, m/z 362.0/364.0 [M+H]+
tert-Butyl (2-(3-(((7-bromo-2,3-dihydrofuro pyridin-4-yl)amino)-methyl)benzamido)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-0)carbamate (Intermediate E2)
Diisopropylethylamine (1.0 mL, 6.0 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 3-(((7-bromo-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)methyl)benzoic acid (700 mg, 2.0 mmol), tert-butyl (2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)carbamate (540 mg, 2.0 mmol) and TBTU (837 mg, 2.61 mmol) in DMF (12 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 6 h then allowed to stand for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 mL) and the solution was washed with water (25 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (25 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with aqueous saturated NaCl (2×25 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken into DCM and loaded onto an Isolute® SCX-2 column, washed with DCM then 2:1 DCM:MeOH, after eluted with 2:1 DCM:2M methanolic ammonia and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken into DCM and purified by flash chromatography on a Si column eluting with 0-50% EtOAc in DCM then with 100% EtOAc to afford the desired product as a fawn foam (775 mg).
LCMS (Method 2): Rt=1.46 min, m/z 600.0/601.9 [M+H]+
Intermediate C1 (250 mg, 0.688 mmol), pyridin-4-ylmethanamine (0.210 mL, 2.065 mmol) and bis(trimethylaluminum) 1,4 diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane adduct (529 mg, 2.065 mmol) were dissolved in THF (6 mL) and the mixture purged with nitrogen. The resulting mixture was heated under microwave irradiation at 120° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with water, extracted with DCM and the organic phase evaporated under vacuum. The resulting crude was purified by flash chromatography on C18-silica by eluting with 0-20% B in A (A: water/acetonitrile 95/5+0.1% HCOOH, B: acetonitrile/water 95/5+0.1% HCOOH). The appropriate fractions were pooled and evaporated to afford the title compound (164 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.39 min, m/z 439.1/441.1 [M+H]+
Intermediate E4 was prepared using a similar procedure to that previously described for intermediate E3 by replacing pyridin-4-ylmethanamine with 1-benzylpiperidin-4-amine.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.51 min, m/z 521.2/523.1 [M+H]+
3-((Dimethylamino)methyl)benzoic acid hydrochloride (98 mg, 0.454 mmol) and COMU (0.133 mL, 0.273 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) and stirred for 10 min, then intermediate D2 (81 mg, 0.23 mmol) and DIEA (0.158 mL, 0.908 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 2 h at RT. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and the organic phase washed twice with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and evaporated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica by eluting with 0-30% of 80/20 DCM/MeOH (+1% triethylamine) in DCM. Appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated under vacuum to give the desired product (115 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.42 min, m/z 481.0/483.0 [M+H]+
2-Phenylacetic acid (112 mg, 0.82 mmol) and COMU (0.240 mg, 0.49 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (4 mL) and reacted for 10 min at RT, then intermediate D2 (150 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DIEA (0.143 mL, 0.819 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred for 2 h at RT. The reaction mixture diluted with DCM, washed twice with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and evaporated. The resulting crude was purified by flash chromatography on C18-silica by eluting with 0-10% B in A (A: water/acetonitrile 95/5+0.1% HCOOH, B: acetonitrile/water 95/5+0.1% HCOOH) to give the desired product (126 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.81 min, m/z 438.0/440.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate B (1.80 g, 8.4 mmol), 1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-boronic acid (3.03 g, 11 mmol), and cesium carbonate (8.18 g, 25 mmol) were mixed in DMF (72 mL) and water (36 mL). The reaction was purged with argon for 10 min, then tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.97 g, 0.8 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture heated at 70° C. overnight. The reaction was allowed to cool to RT, diluted with water (72 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (5×250 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl (505 mL) and concentrated to dryness. The crude was purified on silica by eluting with 0-8% MeOH in DCM to afford the title compound (1.13 g).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.41 min, m/z 287.2 [M+H]+
Intermediate C1 (0.9 g, 2,478 mmol), 1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (1.378 g, 4.96 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (1.578 g, 7.43 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of THF (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The mixture was purged with argon for 10 min, then chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl) [2-(2′-amino-1,1′-iphenyl)]palladium(II) (0.292 g, 0.372 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at RT for 6 h. The mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with THF (3×25 mL). The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to dryness. The crude was purified by flash chromatography on silica by eluting with 0-10% MeOH in DCM to afford the desired product (1.08 g).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.69 min, m/z 435.3 [M+H]+
Intermediate G-a (1.26 g, 2.90 mmol) was suspended in aqueous 6M HCl (35 mL, 0.435 mmol). The mixture was heated at 90° C. for 30 min and then evaporated to dryness to afford the title compound (1.26 g) that was used in the next steps without further purifications.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.46 min, m/z 337.2 [M+H]+
Chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′, 4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl) [2-(2′-amino-1,1′-diphenyl)]palladium(II) (59 mg, 0.075 mmol) was added to a mixture of intermediate E2 (300 mg 0.5 mmol), potassium phosphate tribasic (318 mg, 1.5 mmol), 1-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-boronic acid pinacol ester (278 mg, 1.0 mmol) in THF (2.0 mL) and water (2 mL) which had been degassed with argon. The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 1 h in a microwave reactor. The cold mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) and washed with water (10 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic phase was dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica by eluting sequentially with DCM, 20% EtOAc in DCM, 50% EtOAc in DCM and EtOAc to afford the desired product (307 mg).
LCMS (Method 2): Rt=1.26 min, m/z 672.3 [M+H]+
A solution of intermediate H1-a (305 mg, 0.45 mmol), in 1.25M hydrogen chloride solution in MeOH (10 mL), was stirred for 1.25 h, then treated with 12M aqueous hydrochloric acid (2.0 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2.5 h then a further aliquot of 12M aqueous hydrochloric acid (1.0 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for a further 3 h then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken into MeOH (30 mL) and the solution was filtered through an Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge. The cartridge was washed with MeOH then eluted with 20% 2M methanolic ammonia in DCM. Concentration of the basic fractions afforded the desired product (150 mg).
LCMS (Method 2): Rt=0.63 min, m/z 488.0 [M+H]+
The following intermediates were prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate C1 by replacing respectively intermediate B with intermediate F and methyl 3-formylbenzoate with starting material given into the table.
Intermediate I1 (330 mg, 0.783 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (7.5 mL) then Pd/C 5% wet (667 mg, 0.313 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred under a blanket of hydrogen for 1 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solvent evaporated under vacuum to give the title compound (178 mg) which was used in next steps without further purifications.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.44 min, m/z 392.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate J2 was prepared from intermediate 12 using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate J1 from intermediate I1.
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.55 min, m/z 410.0 [M+H]+
4-((Dimethylamino)methyl)benzoic acid hydrochloride (55.1 mg, 0.26 mmol), DIEA (0.140 mL, 0.51 mmol) and HATU (116 mg, 0.31 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous DCM (4 mL) and reacted for 10 min, then intermediate J1 (50 mg, 0.128 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 1 h at RT. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with water (2×2.5 mL). The organic layer was dried under vacuum and the residue purified by flash chromatography on NH-silica by eluting with 0-10% MeOH in DCM. Appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated under vacuum to give the desired compound (16 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.41 min, m/z 553.0 [M+H]+
Intermediate K2 to K14
The following intermediates were prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate K1 by replacing intermediate J1 and 4-((dimethylamino)methyl)benzoic acid hydrochloride with the starting materials given the table below.
1-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (48.8 mg, 0.176 mmol), intermediate E6 (65 mg, 0.135 mmol) and cesium carbonate (132 mg, 0.405 mmol) were mixed into DMF (2 mL) and water (1 mL) and purged with argon for 10 min. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.018 mL, 0.014 mmol) was added and the reaction heated to 70° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude purified by flash chromatography on C18-silica by eluting with 0-30% B in A (A: water/acetonitrile 95:5+0.1% HCOOH, B: acetonitrile/water 95:5+0.1% HCOOH). Appropriate fractions were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound (37.5 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.41 min, m/z 553.3 [M+H]+
Intermediate K16 was prepared from intermediate E7 using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of intermediate K15 from intermediate E6.
LCMS (Method 11): Rt=1.2 min, m/z 510.1 [M+H]+
Intermediate J1 (102 mg, 0.261 mmol), bis(trimethylaluminum)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane adduct (134 mg, 0.523 mmol), ethyl 7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,7-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (115 mg, 0.523 mmol) and THF (3 mL) were charged in a closed vessel and heated at 110° C. for 1 h under microwave irradiation. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water and then diluted with DCM. The organic phase was separated and evaporated under vacuum. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography on C18-silica by eluting with 0-60% B in A (A: water/acetonitrile 95:5+0.1% HCOOH, B: acetonitrile/water 95:5+0.1% HCOOH) to afford the title compound (11 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.39 min, m/z 565.9 [M+H]+
To a mixture of intermediate G (50 mg, 0.14 mmol), 1-cyclopropylpiperin-4-amine (21 mg, 0.149 mmol), DIPEA (0.078 mL, 0.446 mmol) and TBTU (62 mg, 0.193 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred at RT for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH and applied to a Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge eluting with MeOH and then 2M methanolic ammonia. The relevant fractions were concentrated in vacuo and the crude material was purified by chromatography on silica by eluting with 0-10% 2M methanolic ammonia in DCM to give the title compound (16 mg).
LCMS (Method 5) Rt=1.75 min, m/z 459.4 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.8 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 2H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.60 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.81-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.04 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.96-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.41 (m, 2H), 0.43-0.37 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.25 (m, 2H).
The following examples were prepared from Intermediate G and the amine given in a manner ‘analogous’ or ‘similar’ to that used for example 1. Such procedures may involve minor variations, for example reaction temperature, reagent/solvent amount, reaction time, work-up conditions or chromatographic purification conditions (eg. HPLC-MDAP or flash chromatography). In some cases, where modification involved reaction solvent (eg. DCM-DMF mix instead of DMF) or coupling agents (e.g. HATU instead of TBTU), such changes were reported as a note.
1H NMR
Intermediate G (75 mg, 0.22 mmol), 2-amino-5-methoxypyridine (83 mg, 0.67 mmol), 1-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-benzotriazole (264 mg, 1.34 mmol), triethylamine (0.31 mL, 2.23 mmol) and THF (10 mL) were loaded into a microwave vial and stirred under microwave irradiation at 150° C. for 3 h. A further 1 equivalent of 2-amino-5-methoxypyridine and 1-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-benzotriazole and triethylamine were added and the mixture again stirred under microwave irradiation at 150° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was loaded onto an Isolute SCX-2 cartridge, washed with MeOH and eluted with 7N NH3 in MeOH. The samples were concentrated and purified by MDAP (Luna Phenyl-Hexyl 3×50 mm, 3 μm 5-95% MeOH/H2O (0.1% FA), 1.7 mL/min, RT) to give the title compound (23.1 mg).
LCMS (Method 3): Rt=2.68 min, m/z 443.2 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.61 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.09 (m, 2H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.85 (m, 3H), 7.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.66 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.08 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 2H)
The following example was prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of example 31 by replacing intermediate G with the amine given.
1H NMR
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.78 (s, 1H), 11.19 (s, 1H), 8.95 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.71 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (dd, J = 1.1, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.01-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.84 (m, 3H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.47- 7.42 (m, 1H), 6.72 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.65 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H).
Paraformaldehyde (13 mg, 0.43 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (27 mg, 0.43 mmol) were added to a stirred suspension of intermediate H1 (70 mg, 0.14 mmol) in MeOH (2.0 mL) and DMF (0.5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 20 h then treated with aqueous 1M NaOH (5.0 mL). The mixture was extracted with DCM (2×10 mL) then with 10% MeOH in DCM (4×5 mL). The combined organic phase was passed through an Isolute ° SCX-2 cartridge which was then washed with 1:1 DCM:MeOH and eluted with 20% 2M methanolic ammonia in DCM. Concentration in vacuo gave the crude product which was purified by MDAP (Luna Phenylhexyl 21.2×150 mm, 10 μm 5-60% MeOH/H2O (0.1% FA) 20 mL/min) to afford the desired product as formate salt (21.6 mg)
LCMS (Method 3): Rt=2.05 min, m/z 516.4 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.40 (br s, 2H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (s, 2H), 7.57 (d J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (t J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (t J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.65, (d J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.08 (t J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 2.90-2.60 (m, 6H), 2.32 (s, 6H), 2.09-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.64 (m, 1H).
The following example was prepared from intermediate H1 and oxetan-3-one using a procedure similar to that used to prepare example 33.
1H NMR
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.82 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.39 (m, 1H), 6.72 (dd, J = 6.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.74-4.62 (m, 5H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.06-3.98 (m, 3H), 3.07 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.92- 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.95- 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.56 (m, 1H).
Intermediate K1 was dissolved in acetonitrile (2 mL) and then aqueous 12 M HCl (2 mL) was added. The solution was stirred for 1 h at RT until complete conversion. The reaction mixture was dried under reduced pressure and the resulting crude purified by flash chromatography on C18-silica by eluting 0-20% B with A (A: water/acetonitrile 95/5+0.1% HCOOH, B: acetonitrile/water 95/5+0.1% HCOOH) to give the desired product (3.8 mg).
LCMS (Method 13): Rt=3.24 min, m/z 469.2 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.25 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.95-8.00 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.85 (s, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.68 (m, 3H), 7.27 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (br s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 4.71 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 4.60 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (br t, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (s, 6H).
The following examples were prepared in a similar manner of example 35 by replacing intermediate K1 with the given intermediates in the table below.
1H NMR
Intermediate E3 (90 mg, 0.205 mmol), 1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (114 mg, 0.410 mmol), tripotassium phosphate (130 mg, 0.615 mmol) were dissolved in THF (1 mL) and water (1 mL). The reaction was purged with argon for 10 min, then chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) (24.18 mg, 0.031 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture heated at 95° C. for 1 h. Reaction was quenched with water and the resulting mixture extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, passed down a phase separator, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The resulting crude was purified by flash chromatography on C18-silica by gradient elution with 0-30% B in A (A: water/acetonitrile 95/5+0.1% HCOOH, B:acetonitrile/water 95/5+0.1% HCOOH). The appropriate fractions were pooled, treated with aqueous 1M HCl and dried under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (32 mg).
LCMS (Method 6): Rt=0.27 min, m/z 427.2 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.02-13.85 (br s, 1H), 9.53 (br s, 1H), 8.83 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 8.53-8.73 (m, 1H), 7.99-8.16 (m, 4H), 7.85-7.98 (m, 3H), 7.62-7.64 (d, 1H), 7.44-7.56 (m, 1H), 4.96 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 4.83 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 4.73 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 2H).
The following example was prepared from intermediate E4 using a procedure similar to that used to prepare example 53.
1H NMR
Example 55 and example 56 were enantiomerically resolved starting from racemic example 11, using the following chiral chromatographic conditions: YMC Cellulose-C 5 μm, eluents: 30/70 IPA (0.5% DEA)/CO2, flow 15 mL/min at 120 bar, column temperature 40° C. Two fractions were isolated and characterized as example 55 (enantiomer 1) and example 56 (enantiomer 2).
1H NMR
To a solution of Intermediate D1 (400 mg, 1.15 mmol), 5-(2-dimethyl-aminoethoxy)pyridine-2-ylamine (230 mg, 1.26 mmol) and TBTU (440 mg, 1.37 mmol) in DCM (12 mL) was added DIPEA (0.60 mL, 3.44 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. A further amount of TBTU (369 mg, 1.15 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and extracted with water. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title compound (380 mg).
LCMS (Method 2): Rt=1.46 min, m/z 512.3/514.3 [M+H]+
To a degassed mixture Intermediate 57A (100 mg, 0.195 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazole-1-carboxylate (63 mg, 0.215 mmol) and cesium carbonate (95 mg, 0.293 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL) added [1,1′bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) complex with dichloro-methane (16 mg, 0.0195 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated and stirred at 80° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, filtered through a pad of Celite® and concentrated. The crude compound was loaded on an Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge and eluted with 2N ammonia in MeOH. The basic fractions were concentrated to afford the title compound (81 mg).
LCMS (Method 2): Rt=1.50 min, m/z 600.5 [M+H]+
To a solution Intermediate 57B (60%, 80 mg, 0.080 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) added trifluoroacetic acid (0.25 mL, 3.20 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and submitted for MDAP (Sunfire C18 3×50 mm, 3 μm 5-95% ACN/H2O (10 mM NH4CO3), 1.7 mL/min, RT then Luna Phenyl-Hexyl 21.2×150 mm, 10 μm 5-60% MeOH/H2O+0.1% FA, 20 mL/min, RT). The desired product was obtained as an off-white solid (15 mg).
LCMS (Method 3): Rt=1.98 min, m/z 500 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.60 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.08 (m, 3H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.85 (m, 3H), 7.54 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=3.1, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.75-6.70 (m, 1H), 4.71 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.66 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.07 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (s, 6H).
A degassed mixture of intermediate E1 (29 mg, 0.08 mmol), 5-(tributyl stannyl)thiazole (33 mg, 0.09 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (4.6 mg, 0.004 mmol) and copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (1.5 mg, 0.008 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 1 h. The reaction mixture, diluted with MeOH, was passed down an Isolute SCX-2 cartridge eluting with MeOH and then 2M methanolic ammonia. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by MDAP (Sunfire acetonitrile Basic 5-60, Sunfire C18 19×150 mm, 10 μm, 5-60% acetonitrile/H2O (10 mM NH4CO3), 20 mL/min, RT) to give the desired product (7.8 mg).
LCMS (Method 3): Rt=2.29 min, m/z 367.0 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.45-8.35 (m, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.68-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.06 (m, 1H), 4.77 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.65 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 2.78 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 3H).
A mixture of intermediate E1 (75 mg, 0.21 mmol), 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)oxazole (48 mg, 0.25 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (24 mg, 0.021 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.20 g, 0.62 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) and water (0.4 mL) was degassed with argon and heated at 100° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite® and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by MDAP (Luna Phenyl-Hexyl 3×50 mm, 3 μm 5-95% MeOH/H2O (0.1% FA), 1.7 mL/min, RT) to give the product (13.4 mg).
LCMS (Method 3): Rt=2.16 min, m/z 351.0 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.43-8.38 (m, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.68 (ddd, J=1.5, 1.5, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.12 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.67 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.09 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 2.78 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 3H).
Intermediate CA was prepared using a procedure similar to that used for the synthesis of Intermediate C1 by replacing methyl 3-formylbenzoate with benzaldehyde.
LCMS (Method 16): Rt=1.57 min, m/z 305.1/307.1 [M+H]+
A degassed mixture of Intermediate CA (50 mg, 0.164 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazole-1-carboxylate (58 mg, 0.197 mmol), [1, l′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) complex with DCM, (14 mg, 0.0164 mmol), cesium carbonate (53 mg, 0.164 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1.5 mL) and water (0.15 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 20 h. A further portion of tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazole-1-carboxylate (58 mg, 0.197 mmol), [1, l′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) complex with dichloromethane, (14 mg, 0.0164 mmol), and cesium carbonate (53 mg, 0.164 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir for a further 2 h.. The reaction mixture was loaded onto an Isolute® SCX-2 cartridge and washed with DCM, then MeOH, then the product eluted with MeOH/NH3 2N and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by MDAP (Sunfire C18 19×150 mm, 10 μm 20-80% ACN/H2O (10 mM NH4CO3), 20 mL/min, RT) to give the product (10.74 mg).
LCMS (Method 3) RT=2.59 min, m/z 293.3 [MI-1]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.79 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.27 (m, 4H), 7.20 (tt, J=1.7, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.67-6.62 (m, 1H), 4.70 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.59 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H).
Pharmacological Activity of the Compounds of the Invention.
In vitro inhibitory activity assay description ROCK1 and ROCK2
(Method A)
The effectiveness of compounds of the present invention to inhibit Rho kinase activity can be determined in a 10 μl assay containing 40 mM Tris pH7.5, 20 mM MgCl2 0.1 mg/mL BSA, 50 μM DTT and 2.5 μM peptide substrate (Myelin Basic Protein) using an ADP-Glo kit (Promega). Compounds were dissolved in DMSO such that the final concentration of DMSO was 1% in the assay. All reactions/incubations are performed at 25° C. Compound (2 uL) and either Rho kinase 1 or 2 (4 μl) were mixed and incubated for 30 min. Reactions were initiated by addition of ATP (4 μL) such that the final concentration of ATP in the assay was 10 μM. After a 1 hour incubation 1011.1 of ADP-Glo Reagent was added and after a further 45 minutes incubation 20 uL of Kinase Detection Buffer was added and the mixture incubated for a further 30 minutes. The luminescent signal was measured on a luminometer. Controls consisted of assay wells that did not contain compound with background determined using assay wells with no enzyme added. Compounds were tested in dose-response format and the inhibition of kinase activity was calculated at each concentration of compound. To determine the IC50 (concentration of compound required to inhibit 50% of the enzyme activity) data were fit to a plot of % inhibition vs Log10 compound concentration using a sigmoidal fit with a variable slope and fixing the maximum to 100% and the minimum to 0%. To determine the Ki values the Cheng-Prusoff equation was utilized (Ki=IC50/(1+[S]/Km).
In Vitro Inhibitory Activity Assay Description ROCK1 and ROCK2
(Method B)
The effectiveness of compounds of the present invention to inhibit Rho kinase activity can be determined in a 10 μl assay containing 40 mM Tris pH7.5, 20 mM MgCl2 0.1 mg/mL BSA, 50 μM DTT and 2.5 μM peptide substrate (Myelin Basic Protein) using an ADP-Glo kit (Promega). Compounds were dissolved in DMSO such that the final concentration of DMSO was 1% in the assay. All reactions/incubations are performed at 25° C. Compound (2 μL) and either Rho kinase 1 or 2 (4 μl) were mixed and incubated for 30 min. Reactions were initiated by addition of ATP (4 μL) such that the final concentration of ATP in the assay was 200 μM. After a 1 hour incubation 10111 of ADP-Glo Reagent was added and after a further 45 minute incubation 20 μL of Kinase Detection Buffer was added and the mixture incubated for a further 30 minutes. The luminescent signal was measured on a luminometer. Controls consisted of assay wells that did not contain compound with background determined using assay wells with no enzyme added. Compounds were tested in dose-response format and the inhibition of kinase activity was calculated at each concentration of compound. To determine the IC50 (concentration of compound required to inhibit 50% of the enzyme activity) data were fit to a plot of % inhibition vs Log10 compound concentration using a sigmoidal fit with a variable slope and fixing the maximum to 100% and the minimum to 0%. To determine the Ki values the Cheng-Prusoff equation was utilized (Ki=IC50/(1[S]/Km).
The Ki values obtained with Method A and with Method B were consistent.
Compounds according to the invention showed Ki values lower that 500 nM on both isoforms.
The results for individual compounds of the examples are provided below in Table 1 and are expressed as range of activity.
In vitro inhibitory activity assay description for PKA
The effectiveness of compounds of the present invention to inhibit PKA activity can be determined in a 104, assay containing 40 mM Tris pH7.5, 20 mM MgCl2 0.1 mg/mL BSA, 50 μM DTT and 260 μM peptide substrate (kemptide) using an ADP-Glo kit (Promega). Compounds were dissolved in DMSO such that the final concentration of DMSO was 1% in the assay. All reactions/incubations are performed at 25° C. Compound and PKA enzyme (6 μl) were mixed and incubated for 30 min. Reactions were initiated by addition of ATP (4 μL) such that the final concentration of ATP in the assay was 10 μM. After a 30 minute incubation 10 μL of ADP-Glo Reagent was added and after a further 1 hour incubation 20 μL of Kinase Detection Buffer was added and the mixture incubated for a further 45 minutes. The luminescent signal was measured on a luminometer. Controls consisted of assay wells that did not contain compound with background determined using assay wells with no enzyme added. Compounds were tested in dose-response format and the inhibition of kinase activity was calculated at each concentration of compound. To determine the IC50 (concentration of compound required to inhibit 50% of the enzyme activity) data were fit to a plot of % inhibition vs Log10 compound concentration using a sigmoidal fit with a variable slope and fixing the maximum to 100% and the minimum to 0%. To determine the Ki values the Cheng-Prusoff equation was utilized (Ki=IC50/(1+[S]/Km).
In vitro inhibitory activities for PKA were reported as selectivity ratio vs. ROCK2. Selectivity ratio PKA/ROCK2 was calculated by dividing the Ki value for PKA by Ki value of ROCK2 (method B) and reported into table 1.
The Compounds according to the invention showed advantageously Ki values equal to or lower than 30 nM, preferably even equal to or lower that 3 nM, at least on ROCK2; further preferably lower than 30 nM, preferably even equal to or lower that 3 nM, on both isoforms. The compounds according to the invention are more potent than the comparative example A and B.
Moreover, preferred compounds according to the invention exhibit marked selectivity versus PKA. The compounds according to the invention are at least 5 fold, preferably equal to or more than 10 fold, selective in terms of ROCK2 selectivity vs PKA. Overall the compounds of the invention are more selective than the comparative example C.
The compounds are classified in term of selectivity with respect to their ratio of inhibitory activity (Ki) of PKA on ROCK2 isoform according to the following classification criterion:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20214149.5 | Dec 2020 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/085380 | 12/13/2021 | WO |
