Patent Grant
10127693
The invention relates to enterprise software systems, and more particularly, to accessing dimensional data maintained by enterprise software systems.
Enterprise software systems are typically sophisticated, large-scale systems that support many, e.g., hundreds or thousands, of concurrent users. Examples of enterprise software systems include business intelligence and business analytics tools, financial planning systems, budget planning systems, order management systems, inventory management systems, sales force management systems, enterprise reporting tools, project and resource management systems, and other enterprise software systems.
Many enterprise performance management and business planning applications require a large base of users to enter data that the software then accumulates into higher level areas of responsibility in the organization. Moreover, once data has been entered, it must be retrieved to be utilized. The system may perform mathematical calculations on the data, combining data submitted by one user with data submitted by other users. Using the results of these calculations, the system may generate reports for review by higher management. Often these complex systems make use of dimensional data sources that organize and manipulate a potentially tremendous volume of data using various data structures. Dimensional data sources may include a plurality of hierarchical dimensions having levels and members for storing dimensional data.
Reporting and analysis end user products (typically referred to as Business Intelligence, or BI, tools) allow users to perform data exploration and analysis on a myriad of data sources, including dimensional data sources. Data from such dimensional data sources may be viewed and explored in forms such as grids and charts.
In one example, a method includes outputting a chart matrix defined by associating a first data dimension with a row edge and a second data dimension with a column edge, wherein members of the first data dimension are displayed as row headers of the chart matrix, and members of the second data dimension are displayed as column headers of the chart matrix. The method further includes outputting one or more charts in one or more matrix cells of the chart matrix, wherein the cells of the chart matrix are defined by one or more intersections of rows defined by the row edge and columns defined by the column edge. The method further includes providing a user option to perform a drill operation on a selected member displayed in the chart matrix. The method further includes outputting, by the computing device, in response to the user input to perform the drill operation, a modified chart matrix displaying related members in at least one of the one or more charts, wherein the related members are related by one hierarchical level from the selected member.
In another example, a computing system includes at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to output a chart matrix defined by associating a first data dimension with a row edge and a second data dimension with a column edge, wherein members of the first data dimension are displayed as row headers of the chart matrix, and members of the second data dimension are displayed as column headers of the chart matrix. The at least one processor is further configured to output one or more charts in one or more matrix cells of the chart matrix, wherein the cells of the chart matrix are defined by one or more intersections of rows defined by the row edge and columns defined by the column edge. The at least one processor is further configured to provide a user option to perform a drill operation on a selected member displayed in the chart matrix. The at least one processor is further configured to output, in response to the user input to perform the drill operation, a modified chart matrix displaying related members in at least one of the one or more charts, wherein the related members are related by one hierarchical level from the selected member.
In another example, a computer program product includes one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices. The computer program product includes program instructions, stored on at least one of the one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices, to output a chart matrix defined by associating a first data dimension with a row edge and a second data dimension with a column edge, wherein members of the first data dimension are displayed as row headers of the chart matrix, and members of the second data dimension are displayed as column headers of the chart matrix. The computer program product further includes program instructions, stored on at least one of the one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices, to output one or more charts in one or more matrix cells of the chart matrix, wherein the cells of the chart matrix are defined by one or more intersections of rows defined by the row edge and columns defined by the column edge. The computer program product further includes program instructions, stored on at least one of the one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices, to provide a user option to perform a drill operation on a selected member displayed in the chart matrix. The computer program product further includes program instructions, stored on at least one of the one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices, to output, in response to the user input to perform the drill operation, a modified chart matrix displaying related members in at least one of the one or more charts, wherein the related members are related by one hierarchical level from the selected member.
The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
There are set forth herein examples of a method, computing system, and computer program product for providing a BI application with drillable chart matrixes. Various embodiments disclosed herein may enable users to create and operate drillable matrixes of charts to represent and analyze data in a BI application. For example, a BI application with drillable chart matrixes may enable drill-up and drill-down operations in a matrix of charts, thereby providing easier and more rapid visualization and analysis of complex data sets.
A BI application with drillable chart matrixes as disclosed herein may enable users to create and operate chart matrixes with drill-up and drill-down features. Techniques of this disclosure enable drill-up and drill-down operations on related members in hierarchies in a chart matrix, i.e., a matrix of charts. Drill-up and drill-down operations in a chart matrix may facilitate exploration and visualizing multiple dimensions of data represented in chart matrixes, where each chart matrix includes a matrix view of multiple charts. Drill-up and drill-down operations in a chart matrix may maintain the context and relationships between charts from one chart matrix to another chart matrix as the drill operations are performed. Various illustrative features and advantages of a BI application with drillable chart matrixes are further described below with reference to
For exemplary purposes, one example of the techniques of this disclosure is described in reference to an enterprise business intelligence (BI) system, such as financial or budget planning systems, inventory management systems, sales force management systems, business intelligence tools, enterprise reporting tools, enterprise order management systems, project and resource management systems, and other enterprise software systems. The techniques described herein may be readily applied to other software systems, including other large-scale enterprise software systems.
Typically, users 12 view and manipulate dimensional data via respective computing devices 16. The data is dimensional in that each dimensional data element is defined by a plurality of different object types, where each object is associated with a different dimension. Users 12 may, for example, use a dimensional data analysis interface on computing devices 16 to interact with a BI application to perform activities such as analyze data and author reports. A BI application may be enabled to display dimensional data in any of various forms, such as grids, charts, and matrixes of charts, i.e., chart matrixes. A BI application of the present disclosure may be enabled for drillable chart matrixes so a user 12 may perform drill operations, including drill-up and drill-down operations, on chart matrixes.
Enterprise users 12 may use a variety of different types of computing devices 16 to interact with enterprise business intelligence system 14 via network 18. For example, an enterprise user 12 may interact with enterprise business intelligence system 14 using a laptop computer, desktop computer, or the like, running either a web browser or a dedicated client application. Alternatively, an enterprise user may use a mobile device such as a tablet computer or smartphone, running either a web browser or a dedicated mobile device application for interacting with enterprise business intelligence system 14.
Network 18 represents any communication network, such as a packet-based digital network like a private enterprise intranet or a public network like the Internet. In this manner, computing environment 10 can readily scale to suit large enterprises. Enterprise users 12 may directly access enterprise business intelligence system 14 via a local area network, or may remotely access enterprise business intelligence system 14 via a virtual private network, remote dial-up, or similar remote access communication mechanism.
As one example, the data sources 38A-38N may include multidimensional databases configured for Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). As another example, the data sources 38A-38N may include multidimensional databases configured to receive and execute Multidimensional Expression (MDX) queries of some arbitrary level of complexity. As yet another example, the data sources 38A-38N may include two-dimensional relational databases configured to receive and execute SQL queries, also with an arbitrary level of complexity. Some of data sources 38A-38N may include other types of data stores or combine aspects of multiple types of data stores.
As described in further detail below, the drillable chart matrix BI application 26 may access one or more selected sources of data in data sources 38A-38N. Enterprise business intelligence system 14 includes a data access service 20 that provides a logical or easy-to-query interface to the data sources 38A-38N. The data access service 20 may, for example, execute on the application servers 14B intermediate to the enterprise applications 25 and the underlying data sources 38A-38N. The data access service 20 permits the enterprise software applications 25 and drillable chart matrix BI application 26 in particular to access data from data sources 38A-38N without regard to particular query expression features implemented by each of the underlying data sources.
In the example implementation depicted in
Drillable chart matrix BI application 26 may also include, or provide the back end or other program code or data for, a web application implementation of drillable chart matrix BI application client 24. One or more web servers 14A may provide an operating environment for web applications 23 that provide user interface functions to computer device 16A. One or more application servers 14B provide an operating environment for enterprise software applications 25 and drillable chart matrix BI application 26 that access data sources 38A-38N through data access service 20. Drillable chart matrix BI application 26 may thereby make use of various resources of enterprise business intelligence system 14 to enable user interaction with drillable chart matrix BI application client 24. Various examples of outputs displayed at a user interface for drillable chart matrix BI application client 24 are illustrated in
Drillable chart matrix user interface 160 includes various dimensions of data, including a date dimension 170, a geography dimension 172, a channels dimension 174 (i.e., for sales channels), a products dimension 176, and a revenue dimension 178. Date dimension 170 and geography dimension 172 are placed as the first and second dimensions, respectively, in a row header among headers 162. Similarly, channels dimension 174 and products dimension 176 are placed as the first and second dimensions, respectively, in a column header among headers 162. Revenue dimension 178 is placed in a grid header among headers 162, relating to a grid view that is hidden in user interface 160, to emphasize the display of data in the form of a chart matrix, i.e., a matrix of charts. The matrix of charts is defined by the matrix formed among rows 186 and 188, and columns 192, 194, 196, and 198, where each intersection of one of the rows and columns forms a cell of the matrix, each cell of the matrix includes a chart, and each chart displays an ordered representation of dimensional data from an example dimensional data set. The various data dimensions 170, 172, 174, 176, 178 may be placed and rearranged in the different headers 162 by a user interacting with user interface 160, and entering inputs to user-selectable options for arranging the data dimensions in user interface 160.
The ordering of the data dimensions in the row headers and column headers among headers 162 defines a nesting structure of the dimensions. Since the date dimension 170 is positioned as the first data dimension among the row headers, the date dimension forms the row edge 184, with members of a hierarchy of the date dimension populating the headers of the row edge 184. In the example view shown in
Since the geography dimension 172 is positioned as the second dimension among the row headers, members of a hierarchy of the geography dimension populate data extending vertically within each chart in each cell of the matrix, illustratively indicated with the state codes CA, NY, MA for example states. Similarly, since the products dimension 176 is positioned as the second dimension among the column headers, members of a hierarchy of the products dimension populate data extending horizontally within each chart in each cell of the matrix, illustratively indicated as dishwashers, stoves, and microwaves for example products. Various data dimensions are therefore nested together, with one data dimension each forming the row edge 184 and the column edge 182, and other data dimensions populating the data represented in each chart in the matrix of charts defined by the row edge 184 and column edge 182. In other examples, more than one data dimension may be positioned on row edge 184 or column edge 182. In this case, only one innermost data dimension or two or more inner data dimensions may be nested within the multiple data dimensions on row edge 184 or column edge 182 and may populate the charts within the chart matrix. Thus, if there are three or more data dimensions among the row headers, then at least one may be positioned along row edge 184 and at least one positioned within the charts of the chart matrix, with the remaining data dimensions positioned on either the row edge or in the inner position within the charts. The same may apply if there are three or more data dimensions among the column headers.
With the chart matrix of user interface 160 thus defined and populated from the data dimensions positioned in headers 162, the chart matrix of user interface 160 is also enabled for drill operations among any of various data dimensions in both the rows and columns, and among both the edge dimensions, and the inner dimensions represented within each chart of the matrix. The drill operations may include both drill-up and drill-down operations to navigate up and down the hierarchies of any of the data dimensions used in the chart matrix. Examples of drill operations are illustrated in
In the example of
The geography dimension may include the United States of America as a top level, or the world as a top level with different nations as the second level. Different states in the USA may then be either the second or third level, and individual cities may be the next level down from states. With the geography dimension drilled down to California in particular, as indicated by the input received for the corresponding user option, the computing system executing drillable chart matrix BI application 26 updates or modifies each of the charts in the chart matrix for this drill-down operation. In particular, each of the charts is modified to display data only for California, divided among various cities within California. Two representative cities, San Diego and San Jose, are displayed in the simplified representation of
In the view of
A user may continue selecting drill-down operations to the lowest level of one or more data dimensions, which may result in the selected data becoming sufficiently restricted that it no longer includes more than one member along one or more dimensions. In this case, the matrix chart may be modified into a simple chart or even a single chart column or other chart entry. When a chart matrix or other, more simplified data representation is reduced to the lowest hierarchical level in a given data dimension, the available drill operations may default to a drill-up operation. Similarly, at the top hierarchical level of a dimension, the available drill options may only include or may default to a drill-down operation.
A user may also enter user inputs to modify the arrangement of the dimensions over the chart matrix, such as by moving the geography dimension to the row edge and the date dimension to the nested second position in the row headers, or by moving revenue into the column headers, resulting in more complex charts showing charts with three data dimensions in each of the matrix cells of the chart matrix, for example.
In the example of
In this illustrative example, computing device 80 includes communications fabric 82, which provides communications between processor unit 84, memory 86, persistent data storage 88, communications unit 90, and input/output (I/O) unit 92. Communications fabric 82 may include a dedicated system bus, a general system bus, multiple buses arranged in hierarchical form, any other type of bus, bus network, switch fabric, or other interconnection technology. Communications fabric 82 supports transfer of data, commands, and other information between various subsystems of computing device 80.
Processor unit 84 may be a programmable central processing unit (CPU) configured for executing programmed instructions stored in memory 86. In another illustrative example, processor unit 84 may be implemented using one or more heterogeneous processor systems in which a main processor is present with secondary processors on a single chip. In yet another illustrative example, processor unit 84 may be a symmetric multi-processor system containing multiple processors of the same type. Processor unit 84 may be a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor such as a PowerPC® processor from IBM® Corporation, an x86 compatible processor such as a Pentium® processor from Intel® Corporation, an Athlon® processor from Advanced Micro Devices® Corporation, or any other suitable processor. In various examples, processor unit 84 may include a multi-core processor, such as a dual core or quad core processor, for example. Processor unit 84 may include multiple processing chips on one die, and/or multiple dies on one package or substrate, for example. Processor unit 84 may also include one or more levels of integrated cache memory, for example. In various examples, processor unit 84 may include one or more CPUs distributed across one or more locations.
Data storage 96 includes memory 86 and persistent data storage 88, which are in communication with processor unit 84 through communications fabric 82. Memory 86 can include a random access semiconductor memory (RAM) for storing application data, i.e., computer program data, for processing. While memory 86 is depicted conceptually as a single monolithic entity in
Persistent data storage 88 may include one or more hard disc drives, solid state drives, flash drives, rewritable optical disc drives, magnetic tape drives, or any combination of these or other data storage media. Persistent data storage 88 may store computer-executable instructions or computer-readable program code for an operating system, application files that include program code, data structures or data files, and any other type of data. These computer-executable instructions may be loaded from persistent data storage 88 into memory 86 to be read and executed by processor unit 84 or other processors. Data storage 96 may also include any other hardware elements capable of storing information, such as, for example and without limitation, data, program code in functional form, and/or other suitable information, either on a temporary basis and/or a permanent basis.
Persistent data storage 88 and memory 86 are examples of physical, tangible, non-transitory computer-readable data storage devices. Data storage 96 may include any of various forms of volatile memory that may require being periodically electrically refreshed to maintain data in memory, but those skilled in the art will recognize that this also constitutes an example of a physical, tangible, non-transitory computer-readable data storage device. Executable instructions are stored on a non-transitory medium when program code is loaded, stored, relayed, buffered, or cached on a non-transitory physical medium or device, including if only for only a short duration or only in a volatile memory format.
Processor unit 84 can also be suitably programmed to read, load, and execute computer-executable instructions or computer-readable program code for a BI application with drillable chart matrixes, as described in greater detail above. This program code may be stored on memory 86, persistent data storage 88, or elsewhere in computing device 80. This program code may also take the form of program code 104 stored on computer-readable medium 102 that is included in computer program product 100, and may be transferred or communicated, through any of a variety of local or remote means, from computer program product 100 to computing device 80 to be enabled to be executed by processor unit 84, as further explained below.
The operating system may provide functions such as device interface management, memory management, and multiple task management. The operating system can be a Unix based operating system such as the AIX® operating system from IBM® Corporation, a non-Unix based operating system such as the Windows® family of operating systems from Microsoft® Corporation, a network operating system such as JavaOS® from Oracle® Corporation, a mobile device operating system such as iOS® from Apple® Inc., or any other suitable operating system. Processor unit 84 can be suitably programmed to read, load, and execute instructions of the operating system.
Communications unit 90, in this example, provides for communications with other computing or communications systems or devices. Communications unit 90 may provide communications through the use of physical and/or wireless communications links. Communications unit 90 may include a network interface card for interfacing with a LAN 16, an Ethernet adapter, a Token Ring adapter, a modem for connecting to a transmission system such as a telephone line, or any other type of communication interface. Communications unit 90 can be used for operationally connecting many types of peripheral computing devices to computing device 80, such as printers, bus adapters, and other computers. Communications unit 90 may be implemented as an expansion card or be built into a motherboard, for example.
The input/output unit 92 can support devices suited for input and output of data with other devices that may be connected to computing device 80, such as keyboard, a mouse or other pointer, a touchscreen interface, an interface for a printer or any other peripheral device, a removable magnetic or optical disc drive (including CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or Blu-Ray), a universal serial bus (USB) receptacle, or any other type of input and/or output device. Input/output unit 92 may also include any type of interface for video output in any type of video output protocol and any type of monitor or other video display technology, in various examples. It will be understood that some of these examples may overlap with each other, or with example components of communications unit 90 or data storage 96. Input/output unit 92 may also include appropriate device drivers for any type of external device, or such device drivers may reside in the operating system or elsewhere on computing device 80 as appropriate.
Computing device 80 also includes a display adapter 94 in this illustrative example, which provides one or more connections for one or more display devices, such as display device 98, which may include any of a variety of types of display devices, including a display screen for displaying a user interface (e.g., as shown in UI screenshots 160, 161, 261 of
Input/output unit 92 may include a drive, socket, or outlet for receiving computer program product 100, which includes a computer-readable medium 102 having computer program code 104 stored thereon. For example, computer program product 100 may be a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a Blu-Ray disc, a magnetic disc, a USB stick, a flash drive, or an external hard disc drive, as illustrative examples, or any other suitable data storage technology. Computer program code 104 may include a BI application with drillable chart matrixes, as described above.
Computer-readable medium 102 may include any type of optical, magnetic, or other physical medium that physically encodes program code 104 as a binary series of different physical states in each unit of memory that, when read by computing device 80, induces a physical signal that is read by processor 84 that corresponds to the physical states of the basic data storage elements of storage medium 102, and that induces corresponding changes in the physical state of processor unit 84. That physical program code signal may be modeled or conceptualized as computer-readable instructions at any of various levels of abstraction, such as a high-level programming language, assembly language, or machine language, but ultimately constitutes a series of physical electrical and/or magnetic interactions that physically induce a change in the physical state of processor unit 84, thereby physically causing processor unit 84 to generate physical outputs that correspond to the computer-executable instructions, in a way that modifies computing device 80 into a new physical state and causes computing device 80 to physically assume new capabilities that it did not have until its physical state was changed by loading the executable instructions included in program code 104.
In some illustrative examples, program code 104 may be downloaded or otherwise accessed over a network to data storage 96 from another device or computer system, such as a server, for use within computing device 80. Program code 104 that includes computer-executable instructions may be communicated or transferred to computing device 80 from computer-readable medium 102 through a hard-line or wireless communications link to communications unit 90 and/or through a connection to input/output unit 92. Computer-readable medium 102 that includes program code 104 may be located at a separate or remote location from computing device 80, and may be located anywhere, including at any remote geographical location anywhere in the world, and may relay program code 104 to computing device 80 over any type of one or more communication links, such as the Internet and/or other packet data networks. The program code 104 may be transmitted over a wireless Internet connection, or over a shorter-range direct wireless connection such as wireless LAN, Bluetooth™, Wi-Fi™, or an infrared connection, for example. Any other wireless or remote communication protocol may also be used in other implementations.
The communications link and/or the connection may include wired and/or wireless connections in various illustrative examples, and program code 104 may be transmitted from a source computer-readable medium 102 over non-tangible media, such as communications links or wireless transmissions containing the program code 104. Program code 104 may be more or less temporarily or durably stored on any number of intermediate tangible, physical computer-readable devices and media, such as any number of physical buffers, caches, main memory, or data storage components of servers, gateways, network nodes, mobility management entities, or other network assets, en route from its original source medium to computing device 80.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present invention may be embodied as a method, a computing system, or a computer program product, for example. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.”
Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer-readable data storage devices or computer-readable data storage components that include computer-readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon. For example, a computer-readable data storage device may be embodied as a tangible device that may include a tangible, non-transitory data storage medium, as well as a controller configured for receiving instructions from a resource such as a central processing unit (CPU) to retrieve information stored at one or more particular addresses in the tangible, non-transitory data storage medium, and for retrieving and providing the information stored at those particular one or more addresses in the data storage medium.
The data storage device may store information that encodes both instructions and data, for example, and may retrieve and communicate information encoding instructions and/or data to other resources such as a CPU, for example. The data storage device may take the form of a main memory component such as a hard disc drive or a flash drive in various embodiments, for example. The data storage device may also take the form of another memory component such as a RAM integrated circuit or a buffer or a local cache in any of a variety of forms, in various embodiments. This may include a cache integrated with a controller, a cache integrated with a graphics processing unit (GPU), a cache integrated with a system bus, a cache integrated with a multi-chip die, a cache integrated within a CPU, or the processor registers within a CPU, as various illustrative examples. The data storage apparatus or data storage system may also take a distributed form such as a redundant array of independent discs (RAID) system or a cloud-based data storage service, and still be considered to be a data storage component or data storage system as a part of or a component of an embodiment of a system of the present disclosure, in various embodiments.
Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, electro-optic, heat-assisted magnetic, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of additional specific examples of a computer readable storage medium includes the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disc, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, for example.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to radio frequency (RF) or other wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including Java, Smalltalk, C, C++, Objective-C, C#, Python, or Ruby, among a variety of illustrative examples. One or more sets of applicable program code may execute partly or entirely on the user's desktop or laptop computer, smartphone, tablet, or other computing device; as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device; or entirely on one or more remote servers or other computing devices, among various examples. In the latter scenario, the remote computing device may be connected to the user's computing device through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through a public network such as the Internet using an Internet Service Provider), and for which a virtual private network (VPN) may also optionally be used.
In various illustrative embodiments, various computer programs, software applications, modules, or other software elements may be executed in connection with one or more user interfaces being executed on a client computing device, that may also interact with one or more web server applications that may be running on one or more servers or other separate computing devices and may be executing or accessing other computer programs, software applications, modules, databases, data stores, or other software elements or data structures.
A graphical user interface may be executed on a client computing device and may access applications from the one or more web server applications, for example. Various content within a browser or dedicated application graphical user interface may be rendered or executed in or in association with the web browser using any combination of any release version of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XML, AJAX, JSON, and various other languages or technologies. Other content may be provided by computer programs, software applications, modules, or other elements executed on the one or more web servers and written in any programming language and/or using or accessing any computer programs, software elements, data structures, or technologies, in various illustrative embodiments.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, may create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices, to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide or embody processes for implementing the functions or acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of devices, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may be executed in a different order, or the functions in different blocks may be processed in different but parallel threads, depending upon the functionality involved. Each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, may be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the concepts disclosed herein. The particular examples described were chosen and disclosed in order to explain the principles of the disclosure and example practical applications, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The various examples described herein and other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140160131 A1 | Jun 2014 | US |
