The invention is a device to collect and concentrate sunlight, convert concentrated sunlight into electrical and thermal energy and use this energy to power a single proton membrane water electrolyser with several individualized anodic and cathodic catalyst coated zones, with direct coupling to generate hydrogen gas with better performance and service life.
The Chinese patent application CN 105483745 concerns a concentrated solar energy module and an electrolysis hydrogen production module, however, the application we intend to protect differs substantially from the Chinese patent application in that it is a single direct coupling device, which produces hydrogen from sunlight and water and only uses liquid water avoiding the use of water vapour.
The sunlight is further concentrated at a factor of 1× or more using the Solar Concentrator 32, which converts the concentrated sunlight into electrical and thermal energy, and which also transfers the energy to the water electrolyser 33, where thermal energy raises the temperature of the water circulating through the water electrolyser 33 and where electrical energy feeds the electrochemical electrolysis of the water, resulting in the generation of hydrogen and oxygen.
The direct coupling device 31 comprises a proton exchange membrane 2, such as Nafion® or another ionomer, copolymer or polymer mixture, with several anodic individualized zones (6) coated with catalyst on one side of the membrane suitable to facilitate the oxidation of water, and several cathodic individualized zones (12) coated with catalyst on the opposite side suitable to facilitate/allow the reduction of protons to hydrogen gas, several cathode single-polar plates (UPP) 3 and several anode UPPs 5, each with a pair of cathode and anode UPPs enclosing the proton exchange membrane 2 and adjacent to the individualized areas coated with catalyst 12 and 6 on the cathode side and the anode side respectively.
The direct coupling device 31 also comprises several regeneration electrodes 1, enclosing the proton exchange membrane 2 and arranged towards the edge of the individualized zones coated with catalyst 6 and 12, so that they are adjacent to the coated zones on both sides of the proton exchange membrane 2, several floating flow guide plates 7 on both sides, enclosing the UPPs 5 and 3 and the proton exchange membrane 2 between them, several elastic compression elements 8 on both sides, enclosing the flow guide plates 7, the UPPs 5 and 3 and the proton exchange membrane 2 between them.
The device also has a casing consisting of an upper part 9 and a lower part 10, sealed together and enclosing the elastic compression elements 8, the floating flow guide plates 7, the UPPs 5 and 3, the regeneration electrodes 1 and the proton exchange membrane 2 between them, a source of electrical and thermal energy and the concentrator converter 32 connected to the top 9 of the casing.
As illustrated in
The casing, which consists of an upper part 9 and a lower part 10, provides mechanical support for the other parts of the water electrolyser 33. The casing is typically made of a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer, with or without reinforcing additives or other similar material with appropriate electrical insulation properties and chemical and mechanical resistance.
The elastic compression element 8 can be made of, among other materials, a polymer material, a metal, an elastomer foam, or other materials with a suitable elasticity module, typically in the shape of a solid rectangular block, but which may also be hollow and may also include round or rectangular holes.
The floating flow guide plates 7 are typically made of a polymer, or polymer mixture, or any other suitable rigid material that is not electrically conductive, including metal alloys coated with electrically insulating layers. There are several open channels on their main surface facing the anode 5 or cathode 3 UPPs respectively. When assembled, and by the action of the elastic compression elements 8, the floating flow guide plates 7 press against the main cooperating surfaces of the single-polar plates 5 and 3 to allow the inlet of water and outlet of water and oxygen, and the outlet water and hydrogen respectively. The elastic compression elements 8 also provide the necessary contact force to allow close contact between the UPPs 5 and 3 and their individualized zones coated with catalyst 6 and 12 so that the electrical contact resistance between them can be kept to a minimum, thus lowering the operating voltage of the electrolysis reaction.
Anode 5 UPPs are typically made of titanium or a titanium alloy, with several round or rectangular holes, arranged on their main surface, serving as a combination of a gas diffusion layer and a current collector. Anode 5 UPPs are typically coated with a thin film of platinum or a platinum alloy.
Cathode 3 UPPs are typically made of a stainless-steel alloy with several round or rectangular holes, arranged on their main surface, serving as a combination of a gas diffusion layer and a current collector, usually with a thin coating of gold.
Regarding
The Vd voltage needed to ensure the electrolysis of the water is provided by the concentrator converter 32, illustrated in
The direct coupling device 31 should use very pure water free of ionic contaminants. The quality of deionized water is generally measured by its resistivity, which should be as high as possible (up to >18 MΩ cm) to avoid contaminating the proton exchange membrane with unwanted cations during operation and that accumulate over time impairing the electrolyser's performance and lifespan. However, in practice, and for economic reasons, it is desirable to use less pure water with resistivity >4 MΩ cm. To allow the use of less pure water, it is necessary to greatly reduce the accumulation of ionic contaminants in the proton exchange membrane and therefore the water electrolyser 33, as illustrated in
Concerning
This invention also has a method for generating hydrogen by the direct coupling device 31 with the following steps:
When no more hydrogen is required, stop the production by no longer pointing the assembly at the sun as referred to in step (3) and opening the electric circuit referred to in step (4).
Carry out the regeneration of the active zones of the proton exchange membrane 2 by closing the external circuit connecting the source of a voltage Vr to the regeneration electrodes 1 periodically at appropriate intervals and for an appropriate time when the production of hydrogen is interrupted (or it is not possible to produce directly from solar energy, especially at night or when it is overcast).
1—Regeneration electrodes
2—Proton exchange membrane
3—Single-polar cathode plate (UPP)
4—Electrochemical cell
5—Single-polar anode plate (UPP)
6—Individualized anodic zone coated with a catalyst
7—Floating flow guide plate
8—Elastic compression element
9—Upper part of the casing
10—Lower part of the casing
12—Individualized cathodic area coated with a catalyst
13—Heat exchanger
14—Photovoltaic cell
15—Optical concentration element
31—Direct coupling device
32—concentrator converter
33—water electrolyser
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
116152 Y | Mar 2020 | PT | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2020/057331 | 8/3/2020 | WO |