Patent Grant
8572908
The present invention relates to a photovoltaic device and method thereof that is directly mounted to a structure, more particularly a photovoltaic shingle and method thereof adapted to be directly mounted to a building structure such as a roof deck or wall.
Efforts to improve the state of the art in the area of solar power generation; particularly in the area of building mounted generation has been receiving ever increasing industry focus over the last few years. A subset of building mounted generation is building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), where the photovoltaic elements are integral parts of the building (such as providing exterior weather skin as in shingles or siding. Of particular importance is the goal of providing a reliable and durable solar power generation system that provides the most kilowatt hours (KwH) for the least amount of cost. Some of the issues associated with reaching this goal concern the ability of the generation system to be easy to assemble and install, have a relatively high KwH output, and be durable (e.g. hold up over time given the likely environmental conditions such as relatively high winds and rain). One particular issue related to durability is that of wind loading, such as determined via (Underwriters Laboratories) UL 1897, Tests for Uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies. That is the ability of the system to resist damage when subjected to winds, for example, in excess of 100 miles per hour or more. One particular issue related to installation ease is the need to keep the BIPV from becoming active (e.g. producing electricity) before it is wanted. Other potential issues relates to alignment of adjoining solar devices, and potential packaging and shipping issues.
The current state of the art building mounted solar power generation systems take many forms, but can generally be characterized as either solar panels that are mounted to elaborate mounting structures (e.g. inside box frames, platform risers, for example: SunPower Model 31® by SunPower® of San José, Calif., USA) creating a solar power generation assembly with a cross sectional thickness (e.g. 25 mm or more) and a high stiffness (e.g. about 70000 MPa “MegaPascal”, Modulus of elasticity) or flexible laminate structures (e.g. rolled solar laminates offered by Uni-Solar® of Rochester Hills, Mich., USA) which are similar in cross sectional area thickness (e.g. about 1.5 to 7 mm) and stiffness (e.g. about 5 to 50 MPa) to typical asphalt roofing shingles. Of note, it is believed that traditional cedar shake type roofing shingles are typically about 1 to 5 times thicker than typical asphalt roofing shingles and have a stiffness of about 4000 to 9000 MPa, but do not suffer from wind uplift issues. It is not surprising that the SunPower type system does not suffer from wind uplift issues (e.g. due to the elaborate mounting structures and/or the high stiffness). It is also not surprising that the Uni-Solar type system can weather the wind uplift issue because the entire laminate is adhesively bonded to the building structure.
Among the literature that may pertain to this technology include the following patent documents: US Patent Publications: 20090000220; 20080245404; 20080245399; 20080196358; 20080196231; 20080083169; 20080000173; 20070295391; 20070193135; 20050229924; 20040216405; 20040206035; 20040083673; 20030188500; 20030154680; 20020066235; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,299,598; 7,204,063; 7,178,295; 7,118,794; 6,845,592; 6,758,019; 6,725,623; 6,397,556; 6,247,289; 6,148,570; 5,950,387; 5,239,802; 4,686,808; 4,641,472; 4,641,471; 4,627,207; 4,586,301; 2,631,887; RE38988; and PCT Publications: WO2007123927A2; WO2007079382A2; WO2003071047A2, all incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
The present invention is directed to a photovoltaic device and method thereof that is directly mounted to a structure (e.g. building structure, wall and/or roof deck). The invention is addressing one or more of the issues/problems discussed above.
Moreover, the present invention relates to a new kind of building mounted solar power generation systems. This new system is a plurality of individual “shingle-like” structures mounted to a building structure with fasteners (e.g. nails, screws, or the like) and has a high stiffness (e.g. about up to about 10000 MPa) and a thickness of about 15 mm. Surprisingly, given the relatively high stiffness/thickness of the system (e.g. similar to cedar shakes), it may require the improvements disclosed herein to achieve the goals discussed above.
Accordingly, pursuant to one aspect of the present invention, there is contemplated a photovoltaic assembly system for securing and aligning a plurality of photovoltaic device arrays that are at least partially overlapping one another, the arrays includes at least: 1. a first photovoltaic device assembly, with a first lower and a first upper portion, includes: a first top surface portion, a first bottom surface portion, a first middle surface portion spanning between the top and bottom surface portions; 2. a second photovoltaic device assembly, with a second lower and a second upper portion, includes: i. a second top surface portion, a second, bottom surface portion, a second middle surface portion spanning between the top and bottom surface portions; and 3. at least one clip connectively disposed on the first or second photovoltaic device, the clip including: i. at least one clip hook portion at least partially adapted to mate to the overlapping photovoltaic device.
The invention may be further characterized by one or any combination of the features described herein, such as: the first photovoltaic device assembly, the second photovoltaic device assembly, or both, include at least one pocket portion projecting from the top surface portion towards the bottom surface portion with a pocket interior wall and a pocket side wall, further wherein a clip bottom surface and a clip middle surface portions are at least partially adapted to mate to at least a portion of the walls of the at least one pocket portion; the at least one pocket portion includes at least one boss projecting from the pocket interior wall and the at least one clip includes a clip mating surface for the at least one boss; the top surface portion includes at least one boss projecting from the top surface and the at least one clip includes a clip mating surface for the at least one boss; the at least one clip includes a fastener hole adapted to match a fastener location feature on the first photovoltaic device assembly, second photovoltaic device assembly, or both; at least a portion of the at least one clip is an integral clip that is integral to the first photovoltaic device assembly, the second photovoltaic device assembly, or both; the integral clip includes a reinforcement member; the first photovoltaic device assembly, the second photovoltaic device assembly, or both include two or more clips, two or more pocket portions, or both; the at least one clip projects outwardly from the first upper portion, the second upper portion or both; the at least one clip projects outwardly from the first lower portion, the second lower portion or both; the first photovoltaic device assembly, the second photovoltaic device assembly, or both are comprised of a photovoltaic device at least partially encapsulated by a frame member; the frame member is comprised of a polymeric material and the at least one clip is integral to the frame member, wherein both are comprised of the same polymeric material; the least one clip is comprised of a material with a Flexural modulus of at least 600 MPa per ASTM D 790-03; a third photovoltaic device assembly or more photovoltaic device assemblies (e.g. a plurality) making up the photovoltaic device array; at least one clip provides an electrical connection between at least two of the photovoltaic device assemblies.
It should be appreciated that the above referenced aspects and examples are non-limiting, as others exist within the present invention, as shown and described herein.
The present invention is directed to a photovoltaic assembly system for securing and/or aligning at least a plurality of vertically adjacent (overlapping) photovoltaic device assemblies 10 (or overlapping photovoltaic device arrays) to one another. The devices 10 are preferably directly mounted to a structure (e.g. building structure, wall and/or roof deck). The present invention seeks to overcome the issue of wind uplift in with a unique clip solution and optionally taking advantage of that solution to address some of the other potential issues discussed above.
Photovoltaic Device
In general, the photovoltaic device (“photovoltaic device assembly”) 10 contemplated by the present invention is similar in construction to that disclosed in the PCT application PCT/US09/42496 which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application 61/050,341; both of which are incorporated by reference for all purposes. The device can broadly be described as an assembly of a multi-layered laminate (with polymeric and non-polymeric layers) which is encapsulated on at least three sides by a polymeric casing 12 (e.g. a frame member). The device 10 is preferably adapted to mount directly to a structure, such as a building roof deck (with or without other items such as roofing felt or a previous layer of asphalt shingles), without the need for intermediate holding structures (e.g. frames, rails, risers, or the like). In broad terms, the device 10 is intended to be installed on a building (e.g. roof) in a similar fashion as standard asphalt shingles. It is also contemplated that the device 10 may be mounted on the sides of a structure, for example similar to siding fascia (e.g. vinyl siding). In a preferred embodiment, the device 10 is rectangular in shape, with a generally flat profile and with a thickness of less than about 20 mm, more preferably less than about 15 mm, but greater than about 2 mm, more preferably greater than about 5 mm. It is contemplated that other shapes (square, round, polygon, etc. . . . I), other profiles (e.g. curved, stepped, etc. . . . ), and thicknesses (greater than about 15 mm or 20 mm) are possible. For the sake of brevity, the first photovoltaic device is described below, but it is contemplated that the second, third, and/or more devices are similarly constructed (e.g. second surface portions, third surface portions, etc. . . . ).
The photovoltaic device 10 may be further defined, as illustrated in
The device 10 may also have one or more local pocket portions 22 that project downwardly from the top surface portion 20 and that are adapted to receive the clips 50 described below. The pocket portions 22 may include a pocket interior wall (e.g. bottom of the pocket) and pocket side walls (e.g. middle surface portion 40).
The device 10 may also include one or more boss projections 24 coming up from the top surface portion 20 and adapted to mate with a corresponding clip mating surface 76.
The photovoltaic device 10 may also have an active portion 120 and an inactive portion 140, sometimes referred to as the “lower” and “upper” portions, respectfully. The active portion 120 which may include a photovoltaic cell assembly 122 that allows transmission of light energy to a photoactive portion 126 of the photovoltaic device 10 for conversion into electrical energy.
The inactive portion 140 may include a region 142 for receiving a fastener (e.g. screw, nail, or other mechanical fasteners, not shown), the fastener adapted to connect the device 10 to a structure (e.g. a roof deck or wall). The inactive portion 140 may also include a connection means, such as an electrical connector housing 144, which functions to string multiple devices 10 together. The region 142 may include a fastener location feature 146, (as illustrated in
In one preferred embodiment, the polymeric casing 12 or frame member, for example in the inactive portion 140, may include polyethylene, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyolefins, olefin block copolymers, thermoplastic urethanes, silicones, and many other polymers with and without fillers, such as for example glass fillers.
In one preferred embodiment, for example in the bottom surface portion 30 in the area of the active portion 120, may include thermoplastic polyolefin (“TPO”), thermoplastic elastomer, olefin block copolymers (“OBC”), natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, and other elastomeric and plastomeric materials, polyolefins, polyester amides, polysulfone, acetel, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polycarbonate, phenolic, polyetheretherketone, polyethylene terephthalate, epoxies, including glass and mineral filled composites or any combination thereof.
Clip(s)
Clip(s) 50 generally function as the means for connecting two at least partially vertically adjoining (overlapping) devices 10 to one another. It is contemplated that the clips 50 (or a portion thereof) could be integral (“integral clip”) to the device frame 12 (e.g. formed by the frame material itself, with or without a reinforcement member, or as a separate piece that is “insert molded” into or otherwise attached to the frame 12) or may be a separate piece that is added when the devices 10 are assembled together. Positionally, it is preferred that at least one of the clips 50 be located at or near the peripheral edge 42 of one of the devices 10, although it is contemplated that the clips 50 could be nearer to the center of the device 10. In one preferred embodiment, the clips 50 is coextensive with or disposed within about 25 mm of the peripheral edge of the inactive portion 140, as shown in
In general, it is preferred that the clips 50, individually or as a group, maintain a minimum peel force (e.g. capable of holding down the vertically adjacent device 10 when assembled), of about 3 PLI (pounds per lineal inch), more preferably about 5 PLI, and most preferred about 10 PLI or more, per ASTM D 903-98 at temperatures between −40° C. and 85° C. In one preferred embodiment, the at least one clip 50 may be comprised of a material with a Flexural modulus of at least 600 MPa per ASTM D 790-03.
In general, the at least one clip 50, when it is a separate piece, may be further defined as having at least one clip mating portion 60 including a clip top surface portion 62, a clip bottom surface portion 64, a clip middle surface 66 portion spanning between the top and bottom surface portions. The clip 50 (whether an integral clip or a separate piece) can also be defined as having a hook portion 70 with a vertical height 72, for example as shown in
The clips 50 may be comprised of a corrosive resistant material (e.g. coated metal, stainless steel, aluminum, polymers, or similar) due to the possible exposure to environmental conditions. Most preferably they are comprised of a non-staining, non-expending type material. For example, stainless steel is more preferable to aluminum, and aluminum is more preferable to galvanized steel.
Optionally, the clips 50 may also include a reinforcement member (not shown), that functions to increase the stiffness and/or strength of the clips 50. It is contemplated that the reinforcement member may comprise metal, fibers (e.g. glass, carbon, or the like) or any material with a higher modulus that the clip material.
The clips 50 may also include electrical circuitry or conductive materials that allow for the flow of electricity between devices 10 (when assembled) and where the devices 10 include an electrical connection point (not shown) to the clips 50.
In a first preferred embodiment, as illustrated in
In one aspect of the first embodiment, the clip hook portion 70 can have a vertical height 72 (at least over part of the clip hook portion 70 surface) that is at least about 5% greater than the thickness 44 of the device it is mating to. More preferably at least about 10% greater and most preferably about 15% greater for installation purposes. The vertical height 72 in this portion of the hook 70 creates a clearance area 170 between the adjoining devices 10.
In another aspect of the first embodiment, the clip hook portion 70 can have a vertical height 72 (at least over part of the clip hook portion 70 surface) that is about the same as or at least about 2% less than the thickness 44 of the device it is mating to. More preferably at least about 4% less and most preferably about 7% or less, such that the clip compresses the device 10 edge (after installation) closer to the vertically adjoining device 10, thus producing minimal gap therebetween. The vertical height 72 in this portion of the hook 70 creates an interference area 172 between the adjoining devices 10.
In another aspect of the first embodiment, the clip hook portion 70 has at least one clearance area 170 and at least one interference area 172. It is contemplated that these areas 170, 172 can span across a portion of the hook length (e.g. as in
Optionally, the clips 50 may also include one or more fastener holes 52, which is adapted to allow a fastener (e.g. the fastener holding down the device 10 to the structure) to pass through the clip 50. It may also be located such that it matches the fastener location feature 146 described above. The clips 50 may also include a clip locating feature 76 (e.g. a hole in the hook portion 70, seen in
In a second preferred embodiment, the clip 50 may be a snap-fit type clip 150, as illustrated in
In a third preferred embodiment, as illustrated in
In a fourth preferred embodiment, as illustrated in
In a fifth preferred embodiment, any of the clips 50, 50′, described in the above embodiments, can function as an electrical connector between the vertically adjacent devices 10. This can allow for current flow from one row or column of the array to the adjoin row or column.
Unless stated otherwise, dimensions and geometries of the various structures depicted herein are not intended to be restrictive of the invention, and other dimensions or geometries are possible. Plural structural components can be provided by a single integrated structure. Alternatively, a single integrated structure might be divided into separate plural components. In addition, while a feature of the present invention may have been described in the context of only one of the illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of other embodiments, for any given application. It will also be appreciated from the above that the fabrication of the unique structures herein and the operation thereof also constitute methods in accordance with the present invention.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed. A person of ordinary skill in the art would realize however, that certain modifications would come within the teachings of this invention. Therefore, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of the invention.
Any numerical values recited in the above application include all values from the lower value to the upper value in increments of one unit provided that there is a separation of at least 2 units between any lower value and any higher value. As an example, if it is stated that the amount of a component or a value of a process variable such as, for example, temperature, pressure, time and the like is, for example, from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, more preferably from 30 to 70, it is intended that values such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 etc. are expressly enumerated in this specification. For values which are less than one, one unit is considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1 as appropriate. These are only examples of what is specifically intended and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated are to be considered to be expressly stated in this application in a similar manner.
Unless otherwise stated, all ranges include both endpoints and all numbers between the endpoints. The use of “about” or “approximately” in connection with a range applies to both ends of the range. Thus, “about 20 to 30” is intended to cover “about 20 to about 30”, inclusive of at least the specified endpoints.
The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated by reference for all purposes.
The term “consisting essentially of” to describe a combination shall include the elements, ingredients, components or steps identified, and such other elements ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the combination.
The use of the terms “comprising” or “including” to describe combinations of elements, ingredients, components or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of the elements, ingredients, components or steps.
Plural elements, ingredients, components or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, ingredient, component or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, ingredient, component or step might be divided into separate plural elements, ingredients, components or steps. The disclosure of “a” or “one” to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose additional elements, ingredients, components or steps. All references herein to elements or metals belonging to a certain Group refer to the Periodic Table of the Elements published and copyrighted by CRC Press, Inc., 1989. Any reference to the Group or Groups shall be to the Group or Groups as reflected in this Periodic Table of the Elements using the IUPAC system for numbering groups.
The present application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/253,974 (filed 22 Oct. 2009) the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
This invention was made with U.S. Government support under contract DE-FC36-07G017054 awarded by the Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has certain rights in this invention.
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