Patent Grant
11940177
A desiccant wheel (hereinafter “wheel”) is directly heated, thereby improving efficiency and improving regeneration of the desiccant for subsequent use.
In an implementation, a desiccant configuration, such as a desiccant wheel, has a plurality of similar internal structures, a desiccant coating at least a portion of an internal structure, a plurality of electrical heaters, an electrical heater being interposed between an internal structure and a corresponding desiccant coating for the structure, and a plurality of switches, a switch of the plurality of switches selectively applying operating power to at least one electrical heater.
In an implementation, an air treatment apparatus has a desiccant wheel, a plurality of activators controlling a plurality of switches in the desiccant wheel, a motor to rotate the desiccant wheel, a shroud which separates the desiccant wheel into an active area and a regeneration area, and at least one fan which drives air through the desiccant wheel. An activator causes a switch to apply operating power to an electrical heater for a structure which is in the regeneration area.
The first and second fans may be driven by different motors or, if desired, may be driven by the same motor.
A layer of adhesive 54 is sprayed or otherwise applied to at least one side, and preferably to both sides, of the base 50. A layer of desiccant 56 is then sprayed or otherwise applied to at least one side, and preferably to both sides, of the base 50. The adhesive 54 binds the desiccant to the base 50 while leaving most of the desiccant 56 exposed to the air so that the desiccant 56 can readily adsorb (active phase 40) and release moisture (regeneration phase 42).
In an embodiment, a blade 14 coated with a thin amount of adhesive 54 and then the desiccant 56 is pressed onto the glue 54 until it dries. Excess and loosely attached desiccant 56 beads may then be removed with a brush.
In an embodiment, adhesive 54 is a high temperature electronics glue commonly referred to in the industry as a type 704 adhesive glue.
In an embodiment, the desiccant 56 is silica gel, a common type of desiccant. Other types of desiccant may be used in different environments, such as, but not limited to, molecular sieve, activated alumina, and composites of two or more different desiccants combined in some way to achieve a desirable property, such as but not limited to a combination of lithium chloride and silica gel.
In the active phase 40 fan 18 blows air across the blades 14 and the desiccant 56 adsorbs moisture from the air to provide the treated air 22. In the regeneration phase 42 electrical power is applied to the heaters 52 on a blade 14, which directly heats the blade 14, thereby heating the desiccant 56, and the heated desiccant 56 then releases the adsorbed moisture. Fan 24 blows air across the blades 14 in the regeneration phase, thereby removing the released moisture.
At least some of, and preferably but not necessarily all, the fan blades are coated with a desiccant. Also, at least some of, and preferably but not necessarily all, the blades 14 are selectively, directly heated by applying electrical current to the heaters 52.
In an embodiment, a switch 60 has a preferred or base position, such as closed, and opens when in the presence of a magnetic field, so that only a single magnet 72A or 72B is used. In that embodiment the single magnet 72A or 72B, rather than being a point magnet, would be an area or extended magnet so that its field is effective through the desired angle of activation.
Although magnetic switches 60 are described, the switches 60 can be any type of switch which can be controlled to selectively apply power to the heater(s) 52 at the appropriate time. For example, optical switches could be used.
In another embodiment, switching of the electrical power is controlled by a switch that is responsive to its orientation, for example, the switch being more upwardly or more downwardly (by gravity). In another embodiment, switching is controlled by a microcontroller located within the wheel, the microcontroller being responsive to gravity, a magnet, a mechanical contact, or other means. The microcontroller may be powered by the electrical power delivered via the slip rings 34, or another desired means of providing electrical power.
If desired, the magnet 72B may be positioned to cause a switch to open just before a blade 14 enters the active phase so as to allow the desiccant 56 to cool before it enters the active phase.
In an embodiment, the active phase is approximately 270 degrees of rotation, and the regeneration phase is approximately 90 degrees of rotation. As mentioned, the heating may be discontinued prior to the end of the regeneration phase 42 so as to allow the desiccant 52 time to cool before entering the active phase 40.
In an embodiment, the wheel 12 has a diameter of 400 mm and a width of 500 mm. In an embodiment, the wheel 12 has 64 blades.
In an embodiment, the motor 30 rotates the wheel 12 at a speed of one rotation per hour. Faster or slower rotation speeds may be preferable depending upon, for example, the type of desiccant 56 used, how quickly the desiccant 56 has reached a desired upper adsorption level, which may, if desired, be full adsorption, and how quickly the desiccant 56 can be regenerated—i.e., dried to a desired lower adsorption level.
Although direction 20 and direction 26 are shown as being in opposite directions, they may, if desired, be in the same direction. In an embodiment, there may be some intentional crossover (cross flow) of air flow between the active phase 40 and the regeneration phase 42.
Although the wheel 12 is shown as being driven via an axle 32, the wheel 12 may be driven by other means such as, for example, an external belt or an external gear system.
In one embodiment, the air is cooled by a sensible cooling system (not shown) before being applied to the desiccant dehumidifier system 10. In another embodiment, the treated air from the desiccant dehumidifier system 10 is applied to a subsequent sensible cooling system (not shown).
In an embodiment, a wheel 12 has a plurality of blades 14, at least some of the blades are covered by a desiccant 56 to adsorb moisture from air flowing across the blades 14 in an active phase, at least some of the blades 14 being selectively heated by one or more internal heaters 52 to dry the desiccant 56 during a regeneration phase.
The space between blades 14 increases as one moves radially from the axle to the periphery of the wheel. Therefore, although all blades 14 are shown as being the same length, in an embodiment there may be one or more blades of different lengths, extending from an outer periphery of the blades 14 toward the axle. This increases the number of blades and the surface area of the desiccant that is available to dry the air. Also, although generally flat blades are shown, blades having other shapes may be used. For example, a blade may have a corrugated or semi-corrugated surface so as to increase the surface area of the desiccant and/or to provide for turbulent airflow so as to make better contact between the air and the desiccant.
In an embodiment, rather than blades 14, the wheel 12 comprises a different type of internal structure. For example,
The number of angular sections in the representation portion 12A, the number of cylinders 80, the number of boxes 82, the number of teeth 84, and the number of internal corrugations 86 shown are for clarity of drawing and are not intended to indicate an actual number of, or the precise shape of, these internal structures.
Although the elements of the internal structure (cylinders 80, boxes 82, teeth 84, and corrugations 86) are illustrated as being of a uniform size, this is for convenience of drawing. If desired, the elements of the internal structure could have different sizes so as to provide a plurality of different cross-sections for air flow.
Also, if desired, different internal structures could be used at different radial positions, such as cylinders 82 near the axle, and boxes 84 near the periphery.
Some of these internal structures may already be in use in conventional desiccant structures where heated air is drawn or forced through the structure to regenerate the desiccant.
There are various advantages/disadvantages to these different internal structures and tradeoff decisions are often between moisture uptake capability and air pressure drop through the structure.
Heating elements 52 are associated with the various elements of the different internal structures. In an embodiment, a different heating element 52 is associated with each internal structure (cylinder 80, box 82, tooth 84, corrugation 86). In another embodiment, each heating element 52 is associated with a group of internal structures. A heating element 52 may be, for example, a conductive element or trace that travels or spirals from one end of an internal structure to the other end of the internal structure. For example, a conductive trace could be pre-etched on one or more flat strips and rolled up diagonally in manner similar to that in which paper straws are made. Also, a heating element 52 may be on the inside surface of, internal to, or on the outside surface of an internal structure.
In an embodiment, the desiccant 56 is applied to the inside surface of an internal structure. The internal structures of
In an embodiment, a heating element 52 has a positive temperature coefficient (PTC). This type of heating element 52 has a self-limiting characteristic, which provides a degree of inherent temperature control and safety.
The figures and descriptions provided herein may have been simplified to illustrate aspects that are relevant for a clear understanding of the herein described devices, systems, and methods, while eliminating, for the purpose of clarity, other aspects that may be found in typical devices, systems, and methods. Those of ordinary skill may recognize that other elements and/or operations may be desirable and/or necessary to implement the devices, systems, and methods described herein. Because such elements and operations may be well known in the art, and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of the present disclosure, a discussion of such elements and operations is not provided herein. The present disclosure is deemed to inherently include all such elements, variations, and modifications to the described aspects that would be known to those of ordinary skill in the art, particularly in view of reading the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
When an element or layer is referred to as being “on”, “engaged to”, “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engaged to”, “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the specification and relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. For brevity and/or clarity, well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail herein.
The terms “for example” and “such as” mean “by way of example and not of limitation.” The subject matter described herein is provided by way of illustration for the purposes of teaching, suggesting, and describing, and not limiting or restricting. Combinations and alternatives to the illustrated embodiments are contemplated, described herein, and set forth in the claims.
For convenience of discussion herein, when there is more than one of a component, that component may be referred to herein either collectively or singularly by the singular reference numeral unless expressly stated otherwise or the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, components N (plural) or component N (singular) may be used unless a specific component is intended. Also, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise or the context indicates otherwise.
The terms “includes,” “has,” “having,” or “exhibits,” or variations in form thereof are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprises” as that term is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
It will be understood that when a component is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another component, it can be directly connected or coupled or coupled by one or more intervening components unless expressly stated otherwise or the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. As used herein, phrases such as “between X and Y” and “between about X and Y” should be interpreted to include X and Y unless expressly stated otherwise or the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Terms such as “about”, “approximately”, “around”, and “substantially” are relative terms and indicate that, although two values may not be identical, their difference is such that the apparatus or method still provides the indicated or desired result, or that the operation of a device or method is not adversely affected to the point where it cannot perform its intended purpose. As an example, and not as a limitation, if a height of “approximately X inches” is recited, a lower or higher height is still “approximately X inches” if the desired function can still be performed or the desired result can still be achieved.
While the terms vertical, horizontal, upper, lower, bottom, top, and the like may be used herein, it is to be understood that these terms are used for ease in referencing the drawing and, unless otherwise indicated or required by context, does not denote a required orientation.
The different advantages and benefits disclosed and/or provided by the embodiment(s) disclosed herein may be used individually or in combination with one, some or possibly even all of the other benefits. Furthermore, not every embodiment, nor every component of an embodiment, is necessarily required to obtain, or necessarily required to provide, one or more of the advantages and benefits of the embodiment.
Conditional language, such as, among others, “can”, “could”, “might”, or “may”, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments preferably or optionally include certain features, elements and/or steps, while some other embodiments optionally do not include those certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language indicates, in general, that those features, elements and/or step may not be required for every embodiment.
The subject matter described herein is provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the nature and scope of the claims herein. While different embodiments have been provided above, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for implementing the disclosed subject matter, and one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that further combinations and permutations that are possible. Furthermore, the nature and scope of the claims is not necessarily limited to embodiments that solve any or all disadvantages which may have been noted in any part of this disclosure. Various modifications and changes may be made to the subject matter described herein without following, or departing from the spirit and scope of, the exemplary embodiments and applications illustrated and described herein. Although the subject matter presented herein has been described in language specific to components used therein, it is to be understood that the scope of the claims is not necessarily limited to the specific components or characteristics thereof described herein; rather, the specific components and characteristics thereof are disclosed as example forms of implementing the disclosed subject matter. Accordingly, the disclosed subject matter is intended to embrace all alterations, modifications, and variations, that fall within the scope and spirit of any claims that may be written therefor.
The present application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/195,528 filed Jun. 1, 2021, entitled “DIRECTLY HEATED DESICCANT WHEEL”, and which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2959018 | Hwang | Nov 1960 | A |
| 3619987 | Hwang | Nov 1971 | A |
| 5580370 | Kuma | Dec 1996 | A |
| 7050707 | Lin | May 2006 | B1 |
| 20090229461 | Jeng | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20100175557 | Shih | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20110088867 | Steele | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20170016646 | Lee | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220381452 A1 | Dec 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63195528 | Jun 2021 | US |
