Patent Application
20050018555
The present invention relates to a disk type optical recording medium such as a CD (Compact Disk) and a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) using different formats, and also to a reproduction limiting method for such a disk type optical recording medium.
Conventionally, a CD for reproduction of music information only, for example, is in widespread use, and various kinds of music can be reproduced by a dedicated CD player. In this case, digital information reproduced from the CD by the CD player is converted into an analog audio signal, which is in turn output to a speaker, tape recorder, etc.
On the other hand, there is provided a CD-ROM or CD-R for data processing, which is mainly used in peripheral equipment for a computer. Such a CD-ROM or CD-R is used for storage or recording of data to be processed by a computer through a disk drive. In this case, information in the CD-ROM or CD-R is handled in the state of digital information.
With the widespread use of various computers in recent years, any person can easily perform arbitrary processing of digital music information recorded on a conventional music CD or massive copying of the digital music information to a CD-R by inserting the CD into a disk drive connected to a computer to reproduce the recorded information and capture the information into the computer.
Thus, it is convenient to capture music information recorded on a CD as lossless digital data. However, a problem on copyright protection has occurred to become a social issue. That is, the problem includes transferring or selling to others a CD-R whose contents are completely the same as those of an original CD, and also includes distributing a favorite piece of music included in a CD through a network to others. Thus, this problem has become serious with the broadbanziation of the network.
On the other hand, a CD and a CD player have already been in widespread use, so that it is virtually impossible to change the formats for the CD and the CD player.
In particular, the CD format has already been standardized in detail so that the CD can be reproduced on every CD player without problems. Accordingly, it is impossible at present to desire drastic measures such that additional information is carried by a digital signal to prevent the copying.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a disk type optical recording medium that can limit the reproduction of digital information recorded on the medium by another disk drive without drastically changing the specifications of recorded information on the medium conventionally processed by a dedicated player, thereby preventing illegal copying or the like to protect digital contents.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a reproduction limiting method for such a disk type optical recording medium.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a disk type optical recording medium including a disk substrate having an information recording surface, and information tracks formed by a pit train on the information recording surface and adapted to be read by tracking control and focusing control of an optical pickup. At least a part of the information tracks has a read limiting region formed by a modified pit train that can be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during low-speed rotation of the medium, but cannot be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during high-speed rotation of the medium, thereby limiting the reading of information from the medium during high-speed rotation of the medium.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reproduction limiting method for a disk type optical recording medium including a disk substrate having an information recording surface, and information tracks formed by a pit train on the information recording surface and adapted to be read by tracking control and focusing control of an optical pickup. At least a part of the information tracks has a read limiting region formed by a modified pit train that can be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during low-speed rotation of the medium, but cannot be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during high-speed rotation of the medium, thereby limiting the reading of information from the medium during high-speed rotation of the medium.
In the disk type optical recording medium according to the present invention, a read limiting region formed by a modified pit train is provided. The modified pit train can be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during low-speed rotation of the medium, but cannot be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during high-speed rotation of the medium, thereby limiting the reading of information from the medium during high-speed rotation of the medium.
Accordingly, the reproduction of digital information recorded on the medium by another disk drive can be limited without drastically changing the specifications of recorded information on the medium conventionally processed by a dedicated player, thereby preventing illegal copying or the like to protect digital contents.
In the reproduction limiting method according to the present invention, a read limiting region formed by a modified pit train is provided. The modified pit train can be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during low-speed rotation of the medium, but cannot be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during high-speed rotation of the medium, thereby limiting the reading of information from the medium during high-speed rotation of the medium.
Accordingly, the reproduction of digital information recorded on the medium by another disk drive can be limited without drastically changing the specifications of recorded information on the medium conventionally processed by a dedicated player, thereby preventing illegal copying or the like to protect digital contents.
There will now be described some preferred embodiments of the disk type optical recording medium and the reproduction limiting method therefor according to the present invention.
Each preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a reproduction limiting method for a CD wherein information recorded on the CD can be reproduced by an ordinary audio CD player (dedicated reproducing device), but cannot be read by a CD player connected to a computer, that is, by a CD-ROM drive (versatile disk drive).
By using such a reproduction limiting method, the capture of music information included in the CD into the computer can be prevented, so that limitless distribution of such music information through a CD-R or a network can be inhibited to thereby allow copyright protection.
In the present invention, attention has been paid to the fact that a CD-ROM drive for use with a computer performs reproduction by rotating a CD at a rotational speed ten or more times that of an audio CD player, and means for preventing such reproduction during high-speed rotation has been given to the CD.
Such reproduction by the high-speed rotation of a CD is essential for smooth copying of information recorded on the CD. Accordingly, by inhibiting such reproduction by the high-speed rotation of a CD, much time is required to copy information recorded on the CD to another recording medium, thereby obtaining a deterring effect against illegal copying.
While each preferred embodiment employs a CD as an example of the disk type optical recording medium, a similar method is applicable also to a DVD or the like.
The principle on which each preferred embodiment is based is that a pit train (modified pit train) causing a tracking error to such an extent near the limit that can be followed by tracking servo in a CD reproducing device is intentionally formed on a CD. In other words, the reproduction is limited by using the modified pit train that can be followed by the tracking servo at the same rotational speed as that of an audio CD player, but cannot be followed by the tracking servo at a rotational speed ten or more times that of the audio CD player.
The tracking servo is an operation of oscillating an objective lens at a high speed with a biaxial actuator in an optical pickup for a reproducing device. However, since the inertia of the objective lens is large, there is an amplitude range that cannot be followed by the tracking servo.
As shown in
In actual, it is empirically known that if a beam spot focused on a CD is deviated by 0.1 μm from the center of a track, the reproduction signal is degraded to cause an error, and this means the CD specifications. In other words, the tracking servo in a CD player is predicated on the condition that the beam spot follows the track in an offset range of 0.1 μm or less. If the beam spot falls out of this offset range, an error occurs and it is therefore necessary to generate a signal by error correction. In the case that many errors occur to such an extent that error correction cannot be effected, the reproduction becomes impossible.
In contrast, high-speed reproduction for a CD-ROM may be made possible by using a tracking servo system having an electrical high gain or by reducing the size of a lens to thereby reduce the inertia. However, there is a limit to size reduction of the lens, and it is physically impossible to increase the performance of tracking servo in response to an increase in linear velocity.
Accordingly, a reproducing operation near the limit shown in
Under these circumstances, each preferred embodiment employs the above relation between the reproduction speed and the limit of the rearing errors to realize a CD whose recorded information cannot be read by the high-speed reproduction with a CD-ROM drive. Specific preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described.
In the first to fourth preferred embodiments, the information tracks of the CD 10 include a read limiting region formed by a modified pit train. The modified pit train is provided with a wobble that can be followed by the tracking servo during low-speed reproduction, but cannot be followed by the tracking servo during high-speed reproduction.
It is known that information tracks on a general optical disk are also provided with meandering (wobble) having a given period and that tracking servo is applied to this meandering by using a periodical tracking error signal. However, in this preferred embodiment, the wobble can be followed by the tracking servo only during low-speed reproduction by optimizing the amplitude and period of the wobble.
Since the information tracks or the wobble itself are/is known, the following description will be centered on specific preferred embodiments of the wobble to be provided as the modified pit train for read limiting and on manufacturing methods for the specific preferred embodiments.
In the first preferred embodiment, the amplitude A of the wobble is set to 0.2 μm and the frequency of the wobble is set to 200 Hz in the case that the reproduction speed of the CD is a linear velocity of 1.2 m/s.
A method of fabricating the CD will now be described.
First, a master stamper is fabricated, and a pit train formed on the master stamper is transferred onto a polycarbonate substrate by injection molding. In other words, the pit train is formed in fabricating the master stamper.
A process of forming the pit train on the master stamper will now be described with reference to
For example, the spindle 56A is moved in the radial direction of the disk by a feed mechanism, and the feed mechanism is improved so as to provide oscillation in the radial direction of the disk, thereby obtaining an arbitrary wobble shape (as shown by the arrow B in
At this time, the amplitude of the oscillation is set to 0.2 μm and the frequency of the oscillation is set to 200 Hz in the case of reproduction at a linear velocity of 1.2 m/s. In other words, the distance (wavelength) corresponding to the period of the oscillation is 6 mm.
The track pitch TP must be set to 1.6 μm. In consideration of the fact that a maximum deviation of 0.1 μm falls within the specifications, a wobble having an amplitude of 0.2 μm is formed along the innermost track, and the period of the wobble is increased toward the outer tracks so that the track pitch becomes accurately 1.6 μm.
When the radial distance from the innermost track to a given outer track becomes 1.6 mm (corresponding to 1000 tracks), the formation of the wobble is once stopped to give an unwobbled track.
At this time, there is formed a region where the track pitch is reduced by 0.1 μm at the maximum because the amplitude of the wobble along the inner tracks is 0.2 μm.
After this unwobbled track is given, another wobble having an amplitude of 0.2 μm and a wavelength of 6 mm is formed again along 1000 outer tracks so as to accurately follow the track pitch of 1.6 μm.
When the formation of the wobble corresponding to the 1000 outer tracks is completed, an unwobbled track is given again. Subsequently, a similar operation is repeated to form a wobble along outer tracks. Thus, a pit train is formed on the entire recording surface of the CD.
As a test, the CD thus fabricated was applied to a commercially available, dedicated audio CD player for reproduction. As the result, the music recorded on the CD was reproduced without problems.
On the other hand, the CD was inserted into a commercially available CD-ROM drive (32×maximum). As the result, the TOC (Table Of Contents) of this CD was read and the number of tunes, the names of tunes, etc. were displayed. However, when a copy program for a CD-R was started, the information recorded on the CD was not read and the program did not respond. Further, reproduction was tried by using a CD reproducing software (CD player) included with Windows 98 by Microsoft Corporation. However, the music recorded on this CD was not reproduced.
According to the first preferred embodiment, the reproduction by a dedicated CD player can be ensured without changing the signal format in the conventional CD, and the reproduction by a CD-ROM drive connected to a computer can be prevented to thereby prevent illegal copying or the like.
The second preferred embodiment is different from the first preferred embodiment only in the point that the amplitude of the wobble is set to 0.1 μm. That is, the frequency of the wobble is set to 200 Hz in the case that the reproduction speed of the CD. is a linear velocity of 1.2 m/s as in the first preferred embodiment.
A reproduction test similar to that in the first preferred embodiment was made by using a commercially available, dedicated audio CD player and a commercially available CD-ROM drive (32×maximum).
As a result, the music recorded on the CD could be reproduced by the CD player. On the other hand, the music recorded on this CD was reproduced with the CD reproducing software by the CD-ROM drive. However, the sound was sometimes interrupted with the quality degraded.
According to the second preferred embodiment like the first preferred embodiment, the reproduction by a dedicated CD player can be ensured without changing the signal format in the conventional CD, and the reproduction by a CD-ROM drive connected to a computer can be substantially prevented to thereby prevent illegal copying or the like.
The third preferred embodiment is different from the first preferred embodiment only in the point that the amplitude of the wobble is set to 0.08 μm. That is, the frequency of the wobble is set to 200 Hz in the case that the reproduction speed of the CD is a linear velocity of 1.2 m/s as in the first preferred embodiment.
A reproduction test similar to that in the first preferred embodiment was made by using a commercially available, dedicated audio CD player and a commercially available CD-ROM drive (32×maximum).
As a result, the music recorded on the CD could be reproduced by the CD player. On the other hand, the music recorded on this CD was normally reproduced with the CD reproducing software by the CD-ROM drive. However, whether or not the sound quality was degraded depends on the judgment of individuals actually listened to the music, and there is some question as to whether the music information could be completely read. It has been found that the music information can be read at a practically acceptable level in the case of setting the amplitude of the wobble to 0.08 μm or less.
The fourth preferred embodiment is different from the first preferred embodiment only in the point that the amplitude of the wobble is set to 1.6 μm. That is, the frequency of the wobble is set to 200 Hz in the case that the reproduction speed of the CD is a linear velocity of 1.2 m/s as in the first preferred embodiment.
However, since the track pitch of 1.6 μm must be ensured, the wobble is formed by the amount corresponding to only three amplitudes along the innermost track.
Another wobble is formed along outer tracks so as to accurately follow the track pitch of 1.6 μm, so that the period of the wobble is increased with an increase in radial distance from the center of the CD, and the effect of the present invention is not exhibited at the outermost track.
However, the innermost track includes important information such as TOC. Accordingly, if the innermost track cannot be reproduced, the effect of the present invention can be basically exhibited. Further, since the amplitude is large, errors occur more easily during high-speed reproduction as compared with the first to third preferred embodiments, so that it can be expected to obtain a high effect of preventing illegal reproduction.
A reproduction test similar to that in the first preferred embodiment was made by using a commercially available, dedicated audio CD player and a commercially available CD-ROM drive (32X maximum).
As a result, there was a case that the CD could not be recognized by the CD player in the early stage of proliferation of CDs. However, there was also a case that reproduction could be performed by inserting the CD again and again.
On the other hand, the CD could not be recognized by the CD-ROM drive.
The third and fourth preferred embodiments are intended to specify the range between the amplitude A and the track pitch TP used in the present invention. More specifically, the amplitude A is set in the range of TP/20<A<TP.
There will now be described a read limiting method according to another aspect (fifth to seventh preferred embodiments) of the present invention, wherein the above-mentioned wobble is not used as the modified pit train.
In the fifth preferred embodiment, a pit pattern is spirally formed from the innermost track of the disk in an exposure process as in fabricating an ordinary master stamper.
In this exposure process, lateral displacement (i.e., displacement in the radial direction of the disk) G is given to the pit pattern as shown in
The lateral displacement may be given by using an oscillating mechanism for forming a wobble as described with reference to
At each position of the lateral displacement on each track, the distance between circumferentially adjacent pits 32 must be set less than or equal to the half of the track pitch (i.e., the distance between radially adjacent pits 32) in principle. If the distance between the radially adjacent pits 32 is less than the distance between the circumferentially adjacent pits 32, the beam spot 31 tracking the pits 32 on the central track may erroneously detect the pits 32 on the radially outside or inside adjacent track, causing a problem such that the beam spot 31 may shift from the central track to the outside or inside adjacent track. In this preferred embodiment, the distance between the circumferentially adjacent pits at each position of the lateral displacement is set less than or equal to 1/3 of the track pitch TP.
Further, the amount of this lateral displacement is set to 0.2 μm in this preferred embodiment. Further, the lateral displacement is located at the same circumferential position so as to extend in the radial direction of the disk. Accordingly, the track pitch can be ensured accurately 1.6 μm at each position of the lateral displacement.
With the CD as mentioned above, a reproduction test similar to that in the first preferred embodiment was made by using a commercially available, dedicated audio CD player and a commercially available CD-ROM drive (32X maximum).
As a result, the music recorded on the CD could be reproduced without problems by the CD player.
On the other hand, although the CD was inserted into the CD-ROM drive, the CD was not recognized.
This result may be caused by the following. At a low linear velocity, the beam spot after passing the region of the lateral displacement is offset by more than 0.1 μm from the center of the track during the travel of about 1 to 5 mm (from the beam spot 31 to the beam spot 31A), and a good reproduction signal cannot be obtained only at this region, so that the reproduction can be performed by error correction. In contrast, at a high linear velocity, the reproduction cannot be performed during a longer travel (from the beam spot 31 to the beam spot 31B) until proper tracking is reached. This longer travel is beyond an allowable range of error correction.
According to the fifth preferred embodiment, the reproduction by a dedicated CD player can be ensured without changing the signal format in the conventional CD, and the reproduction by a CD-ROM drive connected to a computer can be prevented to thereby prevent illegal copying or the like.
As shown in
Further, as shown in
In fabricating the CD 20, the concentric tracks are basically formed and information is sequentially recorded from the innermost track toward the outermost track. In forming the concentric tracks, a specific modified pit train (i.e., the guide portion 24) for guiding the beam spot from one track to its outer adjacent track is formed. The formation of such a specific modified pit train may be effected by using an exposure device with an oscillating mechanism as described in the first to fifth preferred embodiments.
In this guide portion 24, the distance d between circumferentially adjacent pits 42A and 42D except guiding pits 42B and 42C at the innermost track is set to 5 mm in this preferred embodiment. This distance d is set to 1 cm or less at the maximum. As shown in
With the CD as mentioned above, a reproduction test similar to that in the first preferred embodiment was made by using a commercially available, dedicated audio CD player and a commercially available CD-ROM drive (32×maximum).
As a result, the music recorded on the CD could be reproduced without problems by the CD player.
On the other hand, although the CD was inserted into the CD-ROM drive, the CD was not recognized.
This result may be caused by the following. At a low linear velocity, the beam spot 41 can follow the guiding pits 42B and 42C and can therefore properly shift to the outer adjacent track as shown by a beam spot 41A. In contrast, at a high linear velocity, the beam spot 41 cannot follow the guiding pits 42B and 42C and therefore follows the same track as shown by a beam spot 41B. Accordingly, in the CD-ROM drive, the guiding of the beam spot by the guide portion 24 is not effected, but the beam spot circularly follows the same track. As a result, the TOC of the CD cannot be read.
A reproduction test similar to that in the sixth preferred embodiment was made by using the CD 20 different in that the distance d between the circumferentially adjacent pits 42A and 42D except the guiding pits 42B and 42C at the innermost track is set to 10 mm.
As a result, the music recorded on the CD could be reproduced without problems by a commercially available, dedicated CD player. On the other hand, when the CD was inserted into a CD-ROM drive for use with a computer, the CD was recognized. However, when the music recorded on the CD was tried to be reproduced by using the CD reproducing software included with Windows 98, noise was produced in several seconds and the reproduction of the music was interrupted.
This result may be caused by the fact that the guiding of the beam spot by the guide portion 24 is unstable, so that the beam spot circularly follows the same track during reproduction of the music, resulting in interruption of the reproduction.
According to each preferred embodiment mentioned above, high-speed reproduction by a CD-ROM drive connected to a computer is limited, thereby allowing the suppression of illegal copying of the information recorded on a CD to another medium.
While each preferred embodiment employs a CD as an example of the disk type optical recording medium according to the present invention, a similar method is applicable also to a DVD or the like. Further, the contents of the disk type optical recording medium are not limited to music information, but may include image information.
Further, while the reproduction speed in each preferred embodiment is based on a linear velocity, a similar method may be applied also to the case where the reproduction speed is based on a rotational speed (the number of revolutions). Further, the frequency of the wobble in the read limiting region is not limited to the specific numeric value in each preferred embodiment, but may be selected in the range of 10 Hz to 10 kHz.
Further, the modified pit train allowing the reading of information recorded on the medium during low-speed reproduction and inhibiting the proper reading of the information during high-speed reproduction is not limited to the means described in each preferred embodiment. Further, the specific numeric values mentioned in each preferred embodiment are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention.
Thus, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, but various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In the disk type optical recording medium according to the present invention, a read limiting region formed by a modified pit train is provided. The modified pit train can be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during low-speed rotation of the medium, but cannot be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during high-speed rotation of the medium, thereby limiting the reading of information from the medium during high-speed rotation of the medium. Accordingly, the reproduction of digital information recorded on the medium by another disk drive can be limited without drastically changing the specifications of recorded information on the medium conventionally processed by a dedicated player, thereby preventing illegal copying or the like to protect digital contents.
In the reproduction limiting method according to the present invention, a read limiting region formed by a modified pit train is provided. The modified pit train can be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during low-speed rotation of the medium, but cannot be followed by the tracking control of the optical pickup during high-speed rotation of the medium, thereby limiting the reading of information from the medium during high-speed rotation of the medium. Accordingly, the reproduction of digital information recorded on the medium by another disk drive can be limited without drastically changing the specifications of recorded information on the medium conventionally processed by a dedicated player, thereby preventing illegal copying or the like to protect digital contents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-014452 | Jan 2002 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP03/00534 | 1/22/2003 | WO |
