The present disclosure relates generally to a discharge device, and more particularly to a discharge device including a discharge electrode and a counter electrode.
PTL 1 describes a discharge device including a discharge electrode, a counter electrode, and a voltage application unit. The counter electrode is located so as to face the discharge electrode. The voltage application unit applies a voltage to the discharge electrode to generate a discharge having higher energy than a corona discharge in the discharge electrode. The discharge having higher energy in the discharge device described in PTL 1 is discharge that spasmodically generates a discharge path in which dielectric breakdown occurs between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode so as to connect the discharge electrode and the counter electrode.
Moreover, in the discharge device described in PTL 1, liquid is supplied to the discharge electrode by a liquid supply unit. Therefore, the liquid is electrostatically atomized by the discharge, and nanometer-sized charged fine particle liquid containing radicals inside is generated.
In the discharge mode in the discharge device described in PTL 1, since active components (radicals or charged fine particle liquid containing the radicals) are generated with higher energy than the corona discharge, a larger amount of active components is generated as compared with the corona discharge. Furthermore, the amount of ozone generated is suppressed to the same extent as in the case of the corona discharge.
In the discharge device described in PTL 1, it is desired to further increase the generation amount of active components by a discharge.
The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a discharge device capable of increasing a generation amount of active components.
An electric discharge device according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a discharge electrode, a counter electrode, and a voltage application device. The discharge electrode includes a distal end portion. The counter electrode is disposed so as to face the distal end portion of the discharge electrode with a gap provided between the counter electrode and the distal end portion. The voltage application device generates a discharge between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode by applying a voltage between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode. The discharge electrode protrudes toward the counter electrode. The counter electrode includes a discharge portion where the discharge occurs between the discharge portion and the distal end portion of the discharge electrode. The discharge portion extends along a circumference centered at the distal end portion of the discharge electrode.
According to the discharge device of the above aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to increase the generation amount of active components.
Hereinafter, a preferred exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that, in the exemplary embodiment described below, elements common to each other are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description of the common elements may be omitted. The following exemplary embodiment is merely one of various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiment can be variously changed according to the design and the like as long as the object of the present disclosure can be achieved. Each drawing described in the present disclosure is a schematic view, and a ratio of a size and a thickness of each component in each drawing does not necessarily reflect an actual dimensional ratio. The arrows indicating the respective directions in the drawings are merely examples, and are not intended to define directions of a discharge device 10 at the time of use. In addition, the arrows indicating the respective directions in the drawings are merely shown for the sake of description, and are not accompanied by entities.
First, an outline of discharge device 10 according to the present exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Discharge electrode 41 protrudes (upward) toward counter electrode 42. Discharge electrode 41 includes distal end portion 411 (see
Counter electrode 42 is disposed so as to face distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 with a gap provided therebetween. Counter electrode 42 includes discharge portion 420 where a discharge occurs between discharge portion 420 and distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. Discharge portion 420 extends along a circumference centered at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. In other words, discharge portion 420 extends linearly along the circumference centered at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 in plan view as viewed from the axial direction of discharge electrode 41.
Liquid supply unit 5 supplies liquid 50 to distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41.
Voltage application device 1 is a device that generates a discharge between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 by applying a voltage between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42. In other words, voltage application device 1 applies a voltage between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 to form discharge path L1 (see
Voltage application device 1 of the present exemplary embodiment applies a voltage from voltage application circuit 2 to load 4 including discharge electrode 41 in a state where liquid 50 is held on discharge electrode 41. In this manner, a discharge is generated at least in discharge electrode 41, and liquid 50 held in discharge electrode 41 is electrostatically atomized by the discharge.
Discharge device 10 generates radicals by generating a discharge between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 of load 4, and electrostatically atomizes liquid 50 held by discharge electrode 41. In other words, discharge device 10 generates a nanometer-sized charged fine particle liquid containing radicals in the microdroplets of electrostatically atomized liquid 50. That is, discharge device 10 functions as a charged fine particle liquid generation device (electrostatic atomization device). The radicals are the basis for providing useful effects in various situations, besides sterile filtration, odor removal, moisture keeping, freshness keeping, and inactivation of viruses. Hereinafter, radicals, charged fine particle liquids, and the like may be collectively referred to as active components. The active components also include air ions.
By generating the charged fine particle liquid containing radicals, discharge device 10 can prolong the life of the radicals as compared with the case where the radicals alone are released into the air. Moreover, when the charged fine particle liquid has a nanometer size, for example, the charged fine particle liquid can be suspended in a relatively wide range.
As described above, counter electrode 42 of discharge device 10 of the present exemplary embodiment includes discharge portion 420. Discharge portion 420 is a portion that generates a discharge with distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. As described above, since discharge portion 420 extends linearly along the circumference centered at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41, discharge path L1 having an apex at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 is extended as compared with a conventional load (counter electrode) including a discharge portion formed in a needle shape. As discharge path L1 extends, it is possible to increase the generation amount of active components (including radicals and the like) generated by the discharge.
Hereinafter, discharge device 10 according to the present exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
Liquid supply unit 5 supplies liquid 50 for electrostatic atomization to discharge electrode 41. As an example, liquid supply unit 5 is achieved by using cooling device 51 illustrated in
The pair of Peltier elements 511 is mechanically and electrically connected to base end portion 41b, which will be described later, of discharge electrode 41 by, for example, soldering. In addition, the pair of Peltier elements 511 are mechanically and electrically connected to the pair of heat dissipation plates 512 by, for example, soldering. Energization of the pair of Peltier elements 511 is performed through the pair of heat dissipation plates 512 and discharge electrode 41. Therefore, cooling device 51 constituting liquid supply unit 5 cools the entire of discharge electrode 41 through base end portion 41b. Accordingly, moisture in the air condenses and adheres to the surface of discharge electrode 41 as dew condensation water. This dew condensation water is held as liquid 50 by discharge electrode 41. That is, liquid supply unit 5 is configured to cool discharge electrode 41, and generate dew condensation water as liquid 50 on the surface of discharge electrode 41. In this configuration, since liquid supply unit 5 can supply liquid 50 (dew condensation water) to discharge electrode 41 by using moisture in the air, it is unnecessary to supply and replenish the liquid to discharge device 10.
As illustrated in
Voltage application circuit 2 includes drive circuit 21 and voltage generation circuit 22. Drive circuit 21 is a circuit that drives voltage generation circuit 22. Voltage generation circuit 22 is a circuit that receives power supply from power supply 6 (input unit) and generates applied voltage V1 (see
Voltage application circuit 2 is, for example, an isolated DC/DC converter, boosts an input voltage (for example, 13.8 V) from power supply 6, and outputs the boosted voltage as applied voltage V1. Applied voltage V1 of voltage application circuit 2 is applied to load 4 (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42).
Voltage application circuit 2 is electrically connected to load 4. Voltage application circuit 2 applies a high voltage to load 4. Voltage application circuit 2 herein is configured to apply a high voltage between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 while setting discharge electrode 41 as a negative electrode (ground) and counter electrode 42 as a positive electrode (plus). In other words, in a state where a high voltage is applied from voltage application circuit 2 to load 4, a potential difference is generated between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 in such a way that the potential on counter electrode 42 is a high potential and the potential on discharge electrode 41 is a low potential. The term “high voltage” as used herein may be a voltage set to generate a discharge between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Voltage application circuit 2 of the present exemplary embodiment generates a discharge intermittently (spasmodically) by periodically changing the magnitude of applied voltage V1. Applied voltage V1 alternately repeats a period in which applied voltage V1 increases to become a high voltage and a period in which applied voltage V1 decreases to become a low voltage. As illustrated in
Specifically, in a period in which applied voltage V1 becomes a high voltage when applied voltage V1 is applied to load 4, liquid 50 held by discharge electrode 41 is subjected to a force caused by an electric field to form a conical shape called as a Taylor cone as illustrated in
In addition, in a period in which applied voltage V1 becomes low, as illustrated in
When applied voltage V1 periodically changes, liquid 50 held by discharge electrode 41 deforms alternately into a shape illustrated in
In the present disclosure, the discharge intermittently (spasmodically) generated between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 depending on the periodic change of applied voltage V1 may be referred to as a “leader discharge”. In the leader discharge, a discharge path is intermittently formed between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 (between a pair of electrodes), and a discharge current (output current) is intermittently and repeatedly generated. That is, the “leader discharge” includes a partial breakdown discharge and a full path breakdown discharge intermittently (spasmodically) generated between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 depending on a periodic change of applied voltage V1. The leader discharge is different from a spark discharge instantaneously (singly) generated between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42. The leader discharge is also different from a glow discharge and an arc discharge continuously generated between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42.
Control circuit 3 controls voltage application circuit 2. Control circuit 3 performs control to periodically change the magnitude of applied voltage V1 during a driving period in which voltage application device 1 is driven. The “drive period” in the present disclosure is a period in which voltage application device 1 is driven so as to generate a discharge in discharge electrode 41.
Control circuit 3 of the present exemplary embodiment controls voltage application circuit 2 based on a monitoring target. The “monitoring target” as used herein is constituted by at least either the output current or the output voltage of voltage application circuit 2. Control circuit 3 of the present exemplary embodiment includes voltage control circuit 31 and current control circuit 32.
Voltage control circuit 31 controls drive circuit 21 of voltage application circuit 2 based on the monitoring target including the output voltage of voltage application circuit 2. Voltage control circuit 31 outputs control signal Si1 to drive circuit 21, and controls drive circuit 21 by control signal Si1.
Current control circuit 32 controls drive circuit 21 of voltage application circuit 2 based on the monitoring target including the output current of voltage application circuit 2. Current control circuit 32 outputs control signal Si2 to drive circuit 21, and controls drive circuit 21 by control signal Si2.
Since there is a correlation between the output voltage (secondary voltage) of voltage application circuit 2 and the primary voltage of voltage application circuit 2, voltage control circuit 31 may indirectly detect the output voltage of voltage application circuit 2 from the primary voltage of voltage application circuit 2. Similarly, there is a correlation between the output current (secondary current) of voltage application circuit 2 and the input current (primary current) of voltage application circuit 2. Accordingly, current control circuit 32 may indirectly detect the output current of voltage application circuit 2 from the input current of voltage application circuit 2.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Discharge electrode 41 includes shaft portion 41a and base end portion 41b. Shaft portion 41a is formed in a rod shape having a circular cross section. Shaft portion 41a includes distal end portion 411 described above. Base end portion 41b having a flat plate shape is continuously and integrally formed at a first end (an end portion or a lower end opposite to distal end portion 411) of shaft portion 41a in the longitudinal direction.
Distal end portion 411 is formed at a second end (an upper end or a distal end) of the shaft portion 41a in the longitudinal direction. Distal end portion 411 has a tapered shape in which the cross-sectional area decreases toward the distal end of shaft portion 41a. That is, discharge electrode 41 is a needle electrode in which distal end portion 411 is formed in a tapered shape. The “tapered shape” as used herein is not limited to a shape in which the distal end is sharply pointed, and includes a shape in which the distal end is rounded as illustrated in
The shape of distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 is, for example, a shape including a conical portion. The shape of the portion of distal end portion 411 facing counter electrode 42 (here, the shape of the distal end or the upper end of the conical portion) is, for example, an R shape (round shape). The “R shape” in the present disclosure may include a rounded surface (having roundness) of a certain member. The distal end surface of the distal end portion 411 of the present exemplary embodiment includes a curved surface having a roundness protruding upward. The distal end surface of discharge electrode 41 of the present exemplary embodiment is formed such that a cross-sectional shape including a center axis of discharge electrode 41 has an arc shape continuously connected from the side surface of distal end portion 411, and does not include a corner. That is, the entire distal end surface of discharge electrode 41 is a curved surface (bent surface).
For example, radius of curvature r2 (see
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Support portion 422 is held by housing 40. As illustrated in
Recess 421 is recessed from support portion 422 toward discharge electrode 41. That is, recess 421 is formed so as to be recessed downward from support portion 422. In other words, recess 421 protrudes downward from support portion 422. As illustrated in
Bottom 4211 protrudes from a lower end of recess 421 toward distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 in top view of load 4. Bottom 4211 is formed in a flat plate shape having a thickness direction which is in the vertical direction and in an annular shape.
As illustrated in
First opening 4231 and second opening 4232 are arranged in the vertical direction. In other words, first opening 4231 and second opening 4232 are arranged in the protruding direction (upward) of discharge electrode 41. First opening 4231 is disposed below second opening 4232. That is, first opening 4231 is disposed closer to discharge electrode 41 than second opening 4232 is. First opening 4231 and second opening 4232 are circular openings centered on distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 in top view of load 4. As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Edge portion 424 of the present exemplary embodiment includes a curved surface. In other words, as illustrated in
Radius of curvature r1 of edge portion 424 is preferably more than or equal to ½ of radius of curvature r2 (see
Radius of curvature r1 of edge portion 424 is more preferably larger than radius of curvature r2 of distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. Radius of curvature r1 of edge portion 424 of the present exemplary embodiment is larger than radius of curvature r2 of distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41.
Discharge portion 420 illustrated in
Discharge portion 420 of the present exemplary embodiment is a portion (strip-shaped surface) including line L2 in which a distance between distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 is minimized. Since discharge portion 420 is a portion including line L2, a discharge is more likely to be generated between discharge portion 420 and distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41, and the generation amount of active components can be further increased.
In addition, discharge portion 420 of the present exemplary embodiment is formed in an annular shape along the circumference centered at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. In other words, discharge portion 420 is formed in an annular shape along the circumference centered at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 in plan view as viewed from the axial direction of discharge electrode 41. More specifically, discharge portion 420 of the present exemplary embodiment is formed in an annular shape including line L2. A dotted line in
In addition, since discharge portion 420 of the present exemplary embodiment is formed at edge portion 424, discharge portion 420 is a curved surface. Since discharge portion 420 is a curved surface, it is possible to suppress excessive increase in electric field concentration. By suppressing excessive increase in electric field concentration, it is possible to suppress the development of the discharge mode and the decrease in the generation amount of active components.
Radius of curvature r1 of discharge portion 420 of the present exemplary embodiment is larger than radius of curvature r2 of distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. In other words, radius of curvature r1 of the curved surface of discharge portion 420 is larger than radius of curvature r2 of distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. Radius of curvature r1 of discharge portion 420 is set to be larger than radius of curvature r2 at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41, so that it is possible to further suppress excessive increase in electric field concentration, and it is easy to generate a partial breakdown discharge.
Active components generated around the edge (edge portion 424) of first opening 4231 by the discharge pass through the internal space of tubular portion 423 and are discharged from second opening 4232. That is, tubular portion 423 of the present exemplary embodiment serves as a release path of the active components. Since tubular portion 423 serves as a release path of the active components, the active components can be efficiently released.
Furthermore, opening diameter D3 of second opening 4232 of the present exemplary embodiment is smaller than opening diameter D4 of first opening 4231. Since opening diameter D3 is smaller than opening diameter D4, tubular portion 423 functions as a nozzle that discharges the active components. Therefore, the flow velocity of the active components discharged from second opening 4232 through the internal space of tubular portion 423 increases, and the active components can be discharged more efficiently.
Hereinafter, details of a discharge mode generated when applied voltage V1 is applied between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 will be described with reference to
Here, first, a partial breakdown discharge adopted in discharge device 10 according to the present exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to
The partial breakdown discharge is an aspect of a leader discharge. That is, the partial breakdown discharge is a discharge which is accompanied by partial dielectric breakdown between the pair of electrodes (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42), but is not a discharge in which dielectric breakdown is continuously generated, but dielectric breakdown is intermittently generated. Therefore, a discharge current generated between the pair of electrodes is also intermittently generated. That is, in a case where a power supply (voltage application circuit 2) does not have a current capacity required to maintain discharge path L1, for example, a voltage applied between the pair of electrodes drops as soon as the corona discharge develops into the partial breakdown discharge, and discharge path L1 is interrupted to stop the discharge. The “current capacity” as used herein is a capacity of a current releasable in a unit time. By repeating such generation and stop of the discharge, a discharge current intermittently flows. As described above, the partial breakdown discharge is different from the spark discharge in which the dielectric breakdown is instantaneously (singly) generated in that a state of high discharge energy and a state of low discharge energy are repeated. The partial breakdown discharge is different from the glow discharge and the arc discharge in which the dielectric breakdown is continuously generated (that is, a discharge current is continuously generated) in that a state of high discharge energy and a state of low discharge energy are repeated.
More specifically, voltage application device 1 applies applied voltage V1 between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 disposed so as to face each other with a gap provided therebetween to generate a discharge between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42. Moreover, discharge path L1 in which dielectric breakdown partially occurs is formed between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 at the time of generation of a discharge. Discharge path L1 formed at this time includes first dielectric breakdown region R1 generated around discharge electrode 41, and second dielectric breakdown region R2 generated around counter electrode 42, as illustrated in
That is, discharge path L1 in which dielectric breakdown occurs is formed between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 not entirely but partially (locally). As described above, in the partial breakdown discharge, discharge path L1 formed between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 is a path in which full path breakdown does not occur, but a path in which dielectric breakdown partially occurs.
As described above, the shape (R shape) of distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 and edge portion 424 of tubular portion 423 are appropriately set so as to appropriately relax the concentration of the electric field, whereby the partial breakdown discharge is easily achieved. That is, the shape of distal end portion 411 and radius of curvature r1 of edge portion 424 are appropriately set so as to appropriately relax the concentration of the electric field together with other factors such as the length of discharge electrode 41 and applied voltage V1, whereby the concentration of the electric field can be moderately relaxed. As a result, when a voltage is applied between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42, full path breakdown such as a full path breakdown discharge does not occur, but only partial dielectric breakdown occurs. As a result, a partial breakdown discharge can be achieved.
Discharge path L1 herein includes first dielectric breakdown region R1 generated around discharge electrode 41, and second dielectric breakdown region R2 generated around counter electrode 42. That is, first dielectric breakdown region R1 is a region in which dielectric breakdown occurs around discharge electrode 41. Second dielectric breakdown region R2 is a region in which dielectric breakdown occurs around counter electrode 42. When liquid 50 is held by discharge electrode 41 and applied voltage V1 is applied between liquid 50 and counter electrode 42, first dielectric breakdown region R1 is generated particularly around liquid 50 in the periphery of discharge electrode 41.
First dielectric breakdown region R1 and second dielectric breakdown region R2 are formed apart from each other so as not to come into contact with each other. In other words, discharge path L1 includes a region (insulation region) in which dielectric breakdown does not occur at least between first dielectric breakdown region R1 and second dielectric breakdown region R2. Accordingly, in the partial breakdown discharge, full path breakdown does not occur in the space between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42, and the discharge current flows through discharge path L1 in a state in which dielectric breakdown partially occurs. In short, even in the case of discharge path L1 in which dielectric breakdown partially occurs, in other words, discharge path L1 including a part in which dielectric breakdown does not occur, the discharge current flows through discharge path L1 between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42, and a discharge is generated.
Second dielectric breakdown region R2 herein is basically generated in counter electrode 42 around a portion where a distance (spatial distance) to discharge electrode 41 is minimized. In the present exemplary embodiment, distance D1 (see
As illustrated in
Meanwhile, in the partial breakdown discharge, as illustrated in
In the partial breakdown discharge, radicals are generated with higher energy than in the corona discharge (see
Next, a corona discharge will be described with reference to
In general, when energy is input between a pair of electrodes to generate a discharge, the discharge mode develops from a corona discharge to a spark discharge, a glow discharge, and an arc discharge depending on the amount of input energy.
The spark discharge, the glow discharge, and the arc discharge are discharges involving dielectric breakdown between the pair of electrodes. The spark discharge is a discharge in which a discharge path is instantaneously (singly) formed. In the glow discharge and the arc discharge, a discharge path formed by dielectric breakdown is maintained while the energy is input between the pair of electrodes, and a discharge current is continuously generated between the pair of electrodes. On the other hand, as illustrated in
Here, if the current capacity is releasable per unit time from the power supply (voltage application circuit 2) to between the pair of electrodes is sufficiently large, the discharge path formed once is maintained without interruption, and as described above, the corona discharge and the spark discharge develop to the glow discharge and the arc discharge.
Next, a full path breakdown discharge will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
The full path breakdown discharge is an aspect of a leader discharge. That is, although the full path breakdown discharge is accompanied by dielectric breakdown (total path breakdown) between the pair of electrodes (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42), the dielectric breakdown does not continuously occur, but the full path breakdown discharge is a discharge in which the dielectric breakdown is intermittently generated. Therefore, a discharge current generated between the pair of electrodes (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42) is also intermittently generated. That is, as described above, in a case where the power supply (voltage application circuit 2) does not have a current capacity necessary for maintaining discharge path L1, the voltage applied between the pair of electrodes decreases as soon as the corona discharge develops to the full path breakdown, and discharge path L1 is interrupted to stop the discharge. By repeating such generation and stop of the discharge, a discharge current intermittently flows. As described above, the full path breakdown discharge is different from the spark discharge in which the dielectric breakdown is instantaneously (sporadically) generated in that a state of high discharge energy and a state of low discharge energy are repeated. The full path breakdown discharge is different from the glow discharge and the arc discharge in which the dielectric breakdown is continuously generated (that is, a discharge current is continuously generated) in that a state of high discharge energy and a state of low discharge energy are repeated.
In the full path breakdown discharge, similarly to the partial breakdown discharge, radicals are generated with higher energy than in the corona discharge, and a large amount of radicals about 2 times to 10 times larger than in the corona discharge is generated. However, the energy of the full path breakdown discharge is higher than the energy of the partial breakdown discharge. Therefore, even if a large amount of radicals are generated in accordance with disappearance of ozone and an increase of radicals in a state of a “medium” energy level, the energy level becomes “high” in a subsequent reaction path. In this case, a part of radicals may disappear. In other words, in the full path breakdown discharge, the energy related to the discharge is too high. Accordingly, a part of the generated active components such as radicals (air ions, radicals, charged fine particle liquid containing radicals, and the like) may disappear, leading to a decrease in the generation efficiency of the active components.
In addition, in the partial breakdown discharge (see
Further, in the partial breakdown discharge, the concentration of the electric field is relaxed as compared with the full path breakdown discharge. Therefore, in the full path breakdown discharge, a large discharge current momentarily flows between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 through a discharge path in which full path breakdown occurs, and electric resistance at that time is considerably low. On the other hand, in the partial breakdown discharge, the concentration of the electric field is relaxed, so that the maximum value of the current instantaneously flowing between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 at the time of forming discharge path L1 in which dielectric breakdown partially occurs is suppressed to be small as compared with the full path breakdown discharge. As a result, in the partial breakdown discharge, generation of nitride oxide (NOx) is suppressed, and an electric noise is further suppressed to be small as compared with the full path breakdown discharge.
A discharge generated by discharge device 10 of the present exemplary embodiment is a round discharge in which discharge path L1 is formed along a side surface portion of a cone formed by distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 and discharge portion 420. Discharge portion 420 is formed into an annular shape, so that discharge portion 420 can have the maximum length along the circumference. Therefore, discharge path L1 between discharge electrode 41 and discharge portion 420 having an apex at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 is further extended. That is, a space in which a discharge is generated is extended. As discharge path L1 is further extended, the generation amount of active components can be further increased. A discharge generated by discharge device 10 of the present exemplary embodiment is a “round leader discharge” which is a leader discharge and a round discharge. In the round leader discharge, a discharge path extending in a conical side surface shape connecting discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 (between a pair of electrodes) to each other is intermittently formed, and a discharge current (output current) is intermittently and repeatedly generated. The round leader discharge has the advantages of a leader discharge and a round discharge. In the round leader discharge, by extending the discharge path L1 in a conical side surface shape, it is possible to prevent electric field concentration from rapidly growing and developing to a full path breakdown discharge, and to spatially extend a partial breakdown discharge. That is, in the round leader discharge, the generation amount of active components can be further increased as compared with the conventional leader discharge.
The above exemplary embodiment is merely one of various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The above exemplary embodiment can be variously changed in accordance with design and the like, as long as the object of the present disclosure can be achieved. Modifications of the above exemplary embodiment will be listed below. The modifications to be described below can be applied in appropriate combination.
Counter electrode 42 of the first modification includes tubular portion 423a instead of tubular portion 423 of the above exemplary embodiment. Tubular portion 423a has step 4233. In other words, tubular portion 423a has at least one step 4233. Step 4233 is formed between first opening 4231 and second opening 4232 on the inner periphery of tubular portion 423a. Step 4233 has an annular shape. More specifically, step 4233 has an annular shape centered on distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 in top view of load 4.
Inner diameter D5 of step 4233 is smaller than opening diameter D4 (see
Step 4233 of the present modification includes a curved surface. In other words, step 4233 has a roundness protruding toward distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. Radius of curvature r3 of step 4233 is preferably more than or equal to ½ of radius of curvature r2 (see
An alternate long and short dash line in
Counter electrode 42 of the present modification includes a plurality of (two in the example of
Discharge portion 420 formed at step 4233 also generates a round leader discharge similarly to discharge portion 420 formed at edge portion 424. Since counter electrode 42 includes the plurality of discharge portions 420, it is possible to suppress excessive increase in electric field concentration in each discharge portion 420.
As described later in the second modification, tubular portion 423a may have two or more (a plurality of) steps. Discharge portion 420 is formed in each of the two or more steps.
Inner diameters of the plurality of steps 4234, 4235 are smaller than opening diameter D4 (see
An alternate long and short dash line in
Counter electrode 42 of the present modification includes a plurality of (three in the example of
Discharge portions 420 formed at two steps 4234, 4235 also generate a round leader discharge similarly to discharge portion 420 formed at edge portion 424. Since counter electrode 42 includes the plurality of discharge portions 420, it is possible to suppress excessive increase in electric field concentration in each discharge portion 420.
Moreover, the shapes of counter electrode 42 and discharge electrode 41 are not limited to the examples of
Liquid supply unit 5 for generating charged fine particle liquid may be eliminated from discharge device 10. In this case, discharge device 10 generates air ions by a partial breakdown discharge generated between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42. In addition to the electrostatic atomization device, discharge device 10 may be an ion generator or the like.
Liquid supply unit 5 is not limited to the configuration in which discharge electrode 41 is cooled to generate dew condensation water on discharge electrode 41 as in the above exemplary embodiment. Liquid supply unit 5 may be configured to supply liquid 50 from a tank to discharge electrode 41 by using a capillary phenomenon or a supply mechanism such as a pump, for example. Moreover, liquid 50 is not limited to water (including dew condensation water), and may be a liquid other than water.
Furthermore, voltage application circuit 2 may be configured to apply a high voltage between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 while setting discharge electrode 41 as a positive electrode (plus) and counter electrode 42 as a negative electrode (ground). Further, since a potential difference (voltage) only needs to be generated between discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42, voltage application circuit 2 may apply a minus voltage to load 4 by setting an electrode on a high potential (positive electrode) to a ground and setting an electrode on a low potential (negative electrode) to a minus potential. That is, in voltage application circuit 2, discharge electrode 41 may be set to the ground, and counter electrode 42 may be set to the minus potential, or discharge electrode 41 may be set to the minus potential, and counter electrode 42 may be set to the ground.
Moreover, voltage application device 1 may include a limiting resistor between voltage application circuit 2 and discharge electrode 41 or counter electrode 42 in load 4. The limiting resistor is a resistor for limiting a peak value of a discharge current flowing after dielectric breakdown in a partial breakdown discharge. For example, the limiting resistor is electrically connected between voltage application circuit 2 and discharge electrode 41, or between voltage application circuit 2 and counter electrode 42.
Voltage application circuit 2 may be a self-excited converter or a separately-excited converter. Voltage generation circuit 22 may also be achieved with a transformer (piezoelectric transformer) having a piezoelectric element.
The mode of discharge adopted by discharge device 10 is not limited to the mode described in the above exemplary embodiment. For example, discharge device 10 may adopt, as one aspect of a round discharge, a discharge in a form in which a phenomenon that a corona discharge develops into dielectric breakdown between a pair of electrodes is intermittently repeated, that is, a “full path breakdown discharge”. In this case, in discharge device 10, the following phenomena is repeated. When a corona discharge develops and reaches dielectric breakdown between the pair of electrodes, a relatively large discharge current instantaneously flows, and immediately thereafter, the applied voltage decreases and the discharge current is cut off, and the applied voltage increases and reaches dielectric breakdown.
In addition, each of the leader discharge, the round discharge, and the round leader discharge may be either a partial breakdown discharge or a full path breakdown discharge.
In addition, the discharge device 10 may adopt a spark discharge, an arc discharge, or a glow discharge in which the corona discharge is developed as one form of the round discharge. It is the same as the round leader discharge in that the generation amount of active components generated by the discharge can be increased by extending the discharge path.
Further, the shape of counter electrode 42 is not limited to the shape having irregularities as illustrated in
The shape of discharge portion 420 is not limited to an annular shape. The shape of discharge portion 420 may extend linearly along the circumference centered at distal end portion 411 of discharge electrode 41. For example, the shape of discharge portion 420 may be an annular shape in which at least a part is missing.
In addition, functions similar to voltage application device 1 according to the above exemplary embodiment may be embodied as a control method of voltage application circuit 2, a computer program, a recording medium in which the computer program is recorded, or the like. That is, the function corresponding to control circuit 3 may be embodied by a control method of voltage application circuit 2, a computer program, a recording medium in which the computer program is recorded, or the like.
As described above, discharge device (10) according to a first aspect includes discharge electrode (41), counter electrode (42), and voltage application device (1). Discharge electrode (41) includes distal end portion (411). Counter electrode (42) is disposed so as to face distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) with a gap provided therebetween. Voltage application device (1) applies a voltage between discharge electrode (41) and counter electrode (42) to generate a discharge between discharge electrode (41) and counter electrode (42). Discharge electrode (41) protrudes (upward) toward counter electrode (42). Counter electrode (42) includes discharge portion (420) where a discharge occurs between discharge portion (420) and distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41). Discharge portion (420) extends linearly along a circumference line (L2) centered at distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41).
According to this aspect, since discharge portion (420) extends linearly along circumference line (L2) centered at distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41), discharge path (L1) having an apex at distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) extends as compared with conventional discharge device (10) including discharge portion (420) formed in a needle shape. As discharge path (L1) extends, it is possible to increase the generation amount of active components (including radicals and the like) generated by the discharge.
In discharge device (10) according to a second aspect, in the first aspect, discharge portion (420) is a portion including line (L2) in which distance (D1) between distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) and counter electrode (42) is minimized.
According to this aspect, since discharge portion (420) is a portion including line (L2) in which distance (D1) from distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) is minimized, a discharge is more likely to be generated between discharge portion (420) and distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41), and the generation amount of active components can be further increased.
In discharge device (10) according to a third aspect, in the first or second aspect, discharge portion (420) is formed in an annular shape along the circumference centered at distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41).
According to this aspect, discharge portion (420) is formed into an annular shape, so that discharge portion (420) can have the maximum length along the circumference. Therefore, discharge path (L1) having an apex at distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) is further extended. As discharge path (L1) is further extended, the generation amount of active components can be further increased.
In discharge device (10) according to a fourth aspect, in any one of the first to third aspects, discharge portion (420) includes a curved surface.
According to this aspect, excessive increase in electric field concentration can be suppressed by forming discharge portion (420) on the curved surface. By suppressing excessive increase in electric field concentration, it is possible to suppress the development of the discharge mode and the decrease in the generation amount of active components.
In discharge device (10) according to a fifth aspect, in the fourth aspect, radius of curvature (r1) of the curved surface of discharge portion (420) is larger than radius of curvature (r2) of distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41).
According to this aspect, radius of curvature (r1) of discharge portion (420) is set to be larger than radius of curvature (r2) at distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41), so that it is possible to further suppress excessive increase in electric field concentration.
In discharge device (10) according to a sixth aspect, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, counter electrode (42) further includes tubular portion (423). Tubular portion (423) extends along a direction (upward) in which discharge electrode (41) protrudes. Tubular portion (423) includes first opening (4231) and second opening (4232). First opening (4231) and second opening (4232) are arranged in the protruding direction. First opening (4231) is formed closer to discharge electrode (41) than second opening (4232). Discharge portion (420) is formed at an edge (edge portion 424) of first opening (4231).
According to this aspect, since tubular portion (423) serves as a release path of the active components, the active components can be efficiently released.
In discharge device (10) according to a seventh aspect, in the sixth aspect, tubular portion (423) includes at least one step (4233; 4234; 4235). Step (4233; 4234; 4235) is formed between first opening (4231) and second opening (4232) on an inner periphery of tubular portion (423). Step (4233; 4234; 4235) is formed in an annular shape. Discharge portion (420) is one of a plurality of discharge portions (420). At least one of the plurality of discharge portions (420) is formed in the at least one step (4233; 4234; 4235).
According to this aspect, by including the plurality of discharge portions (420), it is possible to suppress excessive increase in electric field concentration in each discharge portion (420).
In discharge device (10) according to an eighth aspect, in the sixth or seventh aspect, edge (edge portion 424) of first opening (4231) is a portion including line (L2) in which distance (D1) between distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) and counter electrode (42) is minimized. Opening diameter (D3) of second opening (4232) is smaller than opening diameter (D4) of first opening (4231).
According to this aspect, since discharge portion (420) is formed at edge portion (424) including line (L2) in which distance (D1) from distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) is minimized, a discharge is more likely to be generated between distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) and discharge portion (420), and the generation amount of active components can be further increased. In addition, since opening diameter (D3) of second opening (4232) is smaller than opening diameter (D4) of first opening (4231), the active components are more efficiently released from second opening (4232).
In discharge device (10) according to a ninth aspect, in any one of the first to eighth aspects, distal end portion (411) of discharge electrode (41) holds liquid (50). Liquid (50) is electrostatically atomized by the discharge.
According to this aspect, charged fine particle liquid containing radicals is generated. Therefore, the lifetime of the radicals can be prolonged as compared with the case where the radicals are released into the air alone. Moreover, when the charged fine particle liquid has a nanometer size, for example, the charged fine particle liquid can be suspended in a relatively wide range.
Discharge device (10) according to a tenth aspect further includes liquid supply unit (5) in the ninth aspect. Liquid supply unit (5) supplies liquid (50) to discharge electrode (41).
According to this aspect, since liquid (50) is automatically supplied to discharge electrode (41) by liquid supply unit (5), an operation of supplying liquid (50) to discharge electrode (41) can be made unnecessary.
The configurations other than the first aspect are not essential for discharge device (10), and can be omitted as appropriate.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2021-125194 | Jul 2021 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/JP2022/018465 | 4/21/2022 | WO |